4
THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL, PORTLAND. SUNDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 21, 1915.
THE JOURNAL
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Nothing Costs- less, nor is
: cheaper, than the compliments
of civility. Cervantes. '-
SKN'ATOR JJAV
mired for his boldness. He
is no mollycoddle. -Nor tin
;., , born. Nor milksop.
' -lie is the smashlngest legislative
i.bo8a who ever played the game in
" Oregon. Whatever he wanted, he
went for, and he went under full
;head of steam. He played the same
iko a master, and apologized for
nothing.
He went to Salem with a scheme
,;that in its audacity and ambition,
.l.wnii-M hriVA dazzled th rraftiest
and boldest of the old bosses of
other and palmier days. He want
ed everything in sight, and but for
the resistance of the House, would
have gotten it. Had there been a
rtwin Day as masterful and militant
in. the House, the senator would
have been, the whole legislative ses
sion and the most of the remainder
'"of .the government thrown in.
"' A$ a captain of contracting and
'paving, he knew exactly what ho
wanted, . and with a courage and
'dasli that never faltered or hesi
tated, he proceeded to reach for it.
As a contractor and paving man,
he wanted no conspiracy bill by
which collusion in bidding would
be punished. He therefore
.promptly chloroformed the measure
sent over from the House. As a
contractor and. paving man, he
.Lwanted no Bowlby for state high
wnv pnirinfipr find he went for and
got him. . He held a hearing of
barges against Bowlby made by
dlBgnintled contractors and a re-
called county judge, then denied a
reply heamg to Bowlby, and the
next day, Uowlb got his walking
papers.
It was beautiful work. It was
big and bold work. It was a mas
ter's work. It was work that com
mands respect for its very audacity,
an audacity to nil a iierrin or a
Croker wit green envy.
Bclder and more brilliant still
was the manner in which he staged
the" session in the Senate. No
'i House bill of importance passed the
i Senate until the -mister senator
eaid so. He ordered, and about
sixteen senators obeyed. They
were Boss Day's senators. His will
':, was their will. His thoughts wore
i their thoughts, generally speaking.
I.ianv of this sixteen are excellent
'"men, but Senator Day held them in
; bis power by holding their bills,
"where they could be atrophied by
li is hand wave. As generalissimo
of the way a and means committee
and as militant boss of other pow
- erf ul conmii-ttees, he knew what to
doto force subjection to him, and
did it.
It was the mastery of man over
; man by utter absence of scruples
or conscience in the master. It
Was an arrogance without limit,
- but what cared the autocrat? Pav-
ing -had to be conserved. Con
tracting had to be protected. Big
eBusiness had to be guarded against
Meglslatiorr that would drive so
called capital away. Bills for giv
ing tbe rural communities electric
light and powr had to be scuttled
- as a measure of safety to vested
. power Interests and water power
exploiters. Bills wanted by worker-
and by women had to be
stamped upon as vicious and poi
sonous. And Senator Day was the gladi
ator to do all these Jobs. And he
did them. With as bold a front as
, though champion of a righteous
v cause, with the mien of a Hercules
'and the ponderous presence of a
! pugilist ho bestrode the heads of
his sixteen subject senators-and,
one by one, smote and felled every
; measure objected to by special
; and entrenched privilege.
It is work for which the senator
makes no apology. It was right in
his way of viewing things. He is
, that kind of a man. And there
are others like him, who rejoice in
his power as a legislative boss
while they fatten on his achieve
v. ments.
Nobody knows yet all that has
been accomplished by this evil
geniui of popular government. No
j body, knows yet how far the scan
dals he created will affect thepres
ent administration.
While we wait for knowledge of
",what he has really seized for his-.
felnrl an1 trViJlo In thr mirlat nt a
' generous respect for his audacity
CL A uiuucuu ill J . . w " , u vuv
vcomforting thought that we es
'.caped this ' militant senator only
- because he could not bully the
House as effectually as he bullied
- the Senate.
THE ART OF LIVING
-V A kT of good advice on the art
, f A of living is given Jby Dr.
A" Woodg Hutchinson in'today's
s Journal.' He says it is pos
Kible ; for the average man to add
five , or .-ten 'years to hla term of
life, and it is one of the striking
facts in the realm of medical sci
ence and vital statistics that human
life has been lengthened during
the last half century.
Chief interest In Dr. Hutchin
son's article centers in his state
ment that "It is far better to live
65 years vigorously, daringly, red
bloodedly, and then go smash all
at once the more suddenly the
better than to reach -70 or 75
with one foot perpetually in our
graves and one finger eer on
our pulse."
The strain and distractions of
civilization, Instead of breaking us
down, are the very things that keep
us alive, he says. City dwellers,
above the level of the slums, live
longer than country dwellers. The
one path which leads toward the
grave with greater rapidity and
certainty than any other is a rut,
even if that rut consists in what are
termed- "good habits." Dr. Hutch
inson says all habits are bad un
der 70 at least. Here is his for
mula for living:
Eat when you are hungry; drink
when you are thirsty; work when
you feel like it; stop when you are
tired; ti biological terms, "respond
to your environment." These are the
ideal rules for a full, useful, happy
life. There are limitations to the
principle in actual practice, and you
will quickly find these out from ex
perience. But the minute you begin
to protect yourfelf behind a secreted,
calcareous shell of so-called habits,
you begin to build your coffin.
There are many who will agree
with Dr. Hutchinson. There has
been a tendency for too much regu
lation of living. Results have been
measured in years rather than in
accomplishments. A short life well
lived is far preferable to an ex
tended existence of no particular
use to anybody.
FANNY CItOSBY
WHKKlUVrJK'-nymns or unris
ticn worship are sung
in Protestant churches
luruuguoui me worm mere
breathes the spirit of the blind
hymn writer who died a few days
ago at the advanced age of ninety-
five years.
In spite of feeble health, especial
ly within the last few months. Miss
Crosby, or more properly speaking,
Mrs. Frances Jane Van Alstyne,
continued composing hymns up to
a short time before her death. She
was the author of more than six
thousand hymns. She was so pro
lific that publishers more than a
quarter of a century ago were
forced to give her some two hun
dred pen names to make it appear
that some one beside the famous
writer had contributed. No other
person outside of Charles Wesley
or Isaac Watts has. added so much
to the world's collection of gospel
songs. Her songs were translated
into every langaage and thousands
who repeated them did not know
that it was through the inspiration
of a sightless woman they were ex
pressing their Christian faith and
hope.
Miss Crosby did not begin to
compose hymns until she was forty
years of age. Previous to that
time she was known by her popular
melodies such as "Hazel Dell,"
"Goodby, I'm Going "Home," and
"Never Forget the Dear Ones."
She was also the author of many
poems, "The Blind Girl," "Mon
terey," "Bella at Kvening," being
included among them.
Six weeks after her birth Miss
Crosby wa3 made blind by the ap
plication of a hot poultice to her
eyes. This destroyed the optic
nerve. She never learned to read
from raised letters owing to the
fact that her fingers became so cal
loused during her childhood
through playing the guitar that
they were not' sensitive enough to
trace the characters.
She acquired her knowledge by
memorizing from hearing. After
coming to womanhood she married
Alexander Van Alstyne. a blind
music teacher, who died many
years ago.
Among Mis Crosby's best known
hymns are "Saved by Grace,"
"Blessed Assurance," "Rescue the
Perishing" and "Safe in the Arms
of Jesus." This latter hymn was
regarded by her as her most suc
cessful one. She often said: "I
believe It was dictated by the spirit
of the Lord and that It was born
for a mission."
The story of Miss Crosby's life
is 'best expressed in verses she
wrote at the age of eight years:
Oh, what a happy aoul am I,
Although I cannot see,
I am resolved that In this world
Contented I will be.
How many blesslnps I enjoy
That other people don't;
To weep and sigh because I'm blind,
I cannot and I won't.
She lived to realize this philoso
phy of contentment and to bring
solace and contentment to many
who have all their faculties.
MORE MISINFORMATION
ANOTHER instance of discrimi
nation against the interests
of Oregon by departments of
the national government is
found In the February farmer's
bulletin issued by the department
of agriculture.
Notwithstanding that Portland is
the big livestock market of the
Pacific Northwest and that values
of livestock for Oregon, Idaho and
Washington are based on the Port
land market the bulletin piaces the
value of Idaho cattle at $41.80 a
head, Washington $34.90 and Ore
gon but $36.30. The average. price
of swine in Oregon is placed at
$9.50, Idaho $10 and Washington
$11.10 per head. The average
price of sbeep as given in the bul
letin are Oregon, $4.50; Washing
ton. $4.80. and Idaho, $4-75.
If livestock is worth more in
Idaho than In Portland how foolish
it Is for Idaho growers to ship to
Portland. The government's fig
ures, are ridiculous and show either
an utter ignorance" of conditions or
deliberate Intention to misrepre
sent. The harm to Oregon lies in the
fact that prospective settlers may
place dependence upon the figures
and make no further Investigation.
The fact that Idaho and Wash
ington livestock is brought to Ore
gon to be sold is proof of the
falsity of the government figures.
SAMUEJj LANCASTER
SAMUEL LANCASTER left yes
terday to install the pictures
of the Columbia Highway in
place at the Panama Expo
' sition.
i No display at the great fair will
match these pictures. They are a
i poem on canvas. They are a great
; epic of nature. They are a magical
story of what God hath wrought,
i in creating a setting for one of
! the rarest scenic highways on the
I globe.
j Samuel Lancaster is an engiiieer.
I But he is an artist too. : The fed
! eral government recognized his tal
i ents in engineering when -it com-
mended him as a fit man for road
j making in the state of Washing
ton. There are few men in his
I profession so able,
l When time and the great waters
'cut Columbia gorge throug,h the
Cascades, they staged the scene for
! the coming of a fit man to capital
' ize nature's handiwork for the de
light and profit of civilization. The
man came when Mr. Lancaster was
selected as engineer for the Colum
bia Highway. His temperament
was attuned to the environment of
the route.
Tho great basalt columns in the
rocky precipices were to him more
than mere rocks. The colorings
and the shadings of the forests and
shuibs and water were laore than
a mere landscape. The deep
gorges, the distant snows on the
eternal mountains, the azure skies,
and the leaping, tumbling water
falls were more than mere per
spective. They were the beauty of a vast
creation illuminated and visualized.
They were the sublimity of the Al
mighty told in basalt, granite,
snows, waters and the living green
of the ages. It was a sight of na
ture in all the pomp of beauty
reigning over the wild mountains.
It was a spot where "brighter suns
dispense serener light and milder
moons emparadise the night."
The spirit of the view was
caught by the engineer. The high
way that threads this rarest of
wonder spots was built in harmony
with the scene. It carries the
traveler midway between the two
sections of Multnomah Falls with
one magnificent plunge of the wa
ter above and the other immediate
ly below. Bridges and retaining
walls are so fashioned as to be in
delightful symmetry with the mas
sive mountains and the deep cut
gorges.
No city in the world has a play
ground so near and so sublime.
There is not a great city in the
world but would pay millions for
Portlantl's wonderland. There is
not a city in the world with an as
set so enticing, so helpful and so
delighting to its people and its
visitors.
Samuel Lancaster, engineer, with
the support of those who have aid
ed him, has builded mightily for
those who dwell in the city and
state of roses.
THE CHURCHES IN 1914
STATISTICS prepared for the
Federal Council of Churches
show a gain of 763,087 mem
bers of religious organizations
in the United States last year.
This includes not only Christian,
but other sects. The total num
ber of church members is now 38,
708,149. The gains, while large, are little
more than half of what they were
in 1913, when 1,320,604 new mem
bers were taken in. But, oh the
other hand, the increase in the
number of ministers was more than
twice as large as In 1913, while the
number of additional churches fell
off less than half.
All the larger denominations
made gains. The largest was made
by the Methodists, who added 231,
4 60 new members. The Roman
Catholics gained 136,850, the Bap
tists 122,125, the Lutherans 56,
248, the Presbyterians 56,019, the
Eastern Orthodox churches 36,500,
the German Evangelical synod,
representing the state church of
Prussia, 29,315, and the Protestant
Episcopal church 28,641
The Roman Catholics have
gained, according to the figures,
nearly a million and a quarter
since 1910, and more than five
and a half millions since 1900. The
second largest denomination, the
Methodists, have gained nearly
700,000 since 1900. The figures
also show that the Episcopalians
now have more than a million
members. They gained 86,468
since 1910, and more than 300,000
since 1900. There are nine re
ligious bodies which have a mil
lion or more members. They are:
Roman Catholic .....13.794.637
Methodist "Episcopal 3.603.265
Southern Baptist 2.592,217
National Baptist (colored)... 2,018,868
Methodist Episcopal (South). 2,005,707
Presbyterian (North) ....... 1.442,498
Disciples of Christ 1,363,163
Northern Baptist Convention 1.238,323
Protestant Episcopal ....... 1,015,238
While the 1914 gain in member
ship was only two per cent as-compared
with four in 1913, the grand
total shows that' two fifths of the
I country's entire population are al
lied with organizations committed
to the spiritual and ethical better
ment of mankind.
The potential power of the
churches can be realized when
thought is given to the fact that
forty per cent of all the people in
the United States profess to obey
all the commandments, to love
their neighbors as themselves,, to
respect the laws, to be, charitable,
kind and just.
A MAN'S WORLD
THIS is a world in which a man
must do a man's work and
must take what comes for
weal or woe. It is a world
of give ar-d take, of weak and
strong, of good and bad. It
does not belong to any one man
or set of men. All -who come into
it , have equal rights and responsi
bilities. Every man should burn it into
his conscience that everything he
consumes is made by labor, some
one's labor. If he does noj in
return render productive, construc
tive work to offset the consumption
of the products of others' labor, he
is a social thief.
There are many of these social
thieves in the world, those who
are continually striving to get
something for nothing, profit grab
bers, office seekers, office holders
who render no social service,
squanderers of the public .sub
stance, those who prey" upon the
weak, time servers and parasites.
What a world it would be if It
were given over to these! Suppose
everybody should begin taking
from one another without' giving
anything back, grabbing from one
another, grafting from one an
other, profiting from one an
other, without any regard to the
service exchanged, in short, steal-,
ing from oijie another.
What would happen? Eventual
ly there would be nothing left to
take, grab, graft or steal. There
would be depression, distress, dis
ease, death. Existence would be
impossible.
Much is said of the law of the
surviyal of the fit, but who are the
fit? They are those who work,
who return an equal value for all
they receive and consume, who are
honest and just, efficient and fair,
loving and hopeful, constructive
and productive.
They are those who have days
when the taste of bread is bitter
and nights when they, have no joy
in the coming dawn, yet they do
not lose faith and courage that the
"smooth shall bloom from the
rough" and cast their downcast
mood into the living, working day.
YEARS AND WORK
ON HIS sixty-eighth birthday
Thomas A. Edison said he
was planning seventeen years
of work. He had been ex
amined by an expert, who pro
nounced Mr. Edison's parts "young
parts."
In the great European war
nearly every important command
er is past sixty years of age. Lord
Kitchener is 64, General Sir John
French is 62, and the French lead
ers Joffre and Pau are both ap
proaching 70. Germany's generals
are mostly men who served In the
Franco-Prussian war of 1870. Gen
eral von Kluck is 68, General von
Hindenberg 67, General von Moltke
66 and General von Buelow 68.
This reign of white-haired com
manders has been explained by the
fact that generals are no longer
expected personally fo lead their
men into battle, as did the war
riors of old. Their place is now
the headquarters base, several
miles behind the fighting line,
where they keep in touch with the
troops by means of telephone, tele
graph, wireless and the aeroplane.
It i3 said that for this reason the
modern commander is more often
than not gray-headed and well on
in years, mature judgment and ex
perience taking the place of the
great energy supposed to be the
distinguishing mark of military
leaders. In support of this theory
it is pointed out that Napoleon,
Hannibal and Alexander the Great
won their largest successes when
young men with all the physical
activity of their troops.
Undoubtedly this theory is sup
ported by facts, but there is rea
son to believe that It does not in
clude all the facts. The telephone,
telegraph, .wireless and aeroplane
could not make up a , deficiency
caused by years- Improperly lived.
It is because Europe's gray-haired
generals lived lives always with
"seventeen years of work" ahead
that they are now equal to .their
tasks.
Mr. Edison explains his, vitality
at 68 by saying he has lived the
simple life. "Give me mechanic's
grub for mine," is his program for
working until he is 85.
There i3 an old story about the
peasant whose cow died. When he
reported his loss to the village
priest the spiritual guide consoled
him with the thought: "It might
have been worse." The peasant's
barn was destroyed by fire. Again
the priest said to him: "It might
have been worse." Next death in
vaded the home of the peasr.nt and
took away his wife. Once more
the solacing words of the priest:
"It might have been worse." There
is no calamity, however great, that
might not have been worse. It
is safe to assume that if the peas
ant had reported to the priest that
the Oregon legislature had ad
journed he would have been con
soled with the assurance: "It
might have been worse."
I
ABRAHAM LINCOLN'S
PROPHETIC VISION
From tba Philadelpblm North American.
THE peoples of the north and the
south, of America and Europe,
pay honor now to the memory of
Lincoln. Patriots and lovers of lib
erty the world around venerata his
ffreat souled devotion. .But. why is it
that each year- Intensifies" admiration
for his wisdom and adds serener lus
ter to his fame? , He was a great
statesman; he conducted a gfreat war
to a successful conclusion; he freed
a race dnd saved a nation from dis
integrating. Yet there is" a reason
deeper than these for the veneration
of his name.
From March 4, 1861. to April 15,
1865, John Hay was in daily com
panionship with Abraham Lincoln. On
that first day he stood with him on
the inauguration platform at the capi
tol; on the morning of the later day
he looked down upon the bed of death,
Baw "a look of unspeakable peace
come upon the worn features" and
heard the prophetic whisper of Stan
ton, "Now he belongs to the ages."
It is fortunate for the American peo
ple that during the four most preg
nant years of their history so sym
pathetic an observer and so gifted a
writer should have been associated
with the greatest of our leaders. The
Lincoln biography which he wrote
with Nicoiay will always be one of
our chief historical records. Few
pages in it, however, are ,so fascin
ating as the fragmentary notes set
down from day to day in the young
secretary's diary, extracts from which
are receiving their first publication.
William Roscoe Thayer who has
compiled the quotations, reminds the
reader that for a long time Lincoln
was considered, even by his cabinet
officers, a presidential accident, an
example of mediocrity elevated by
chance and that, he was deemed
fortunate in having wise eastern
ers to give him counsel. But even
then Hay revealed the keen judgment
that was to win him high honors at
a later period by recording his ad
miration for the greatness of Lincoln.
The diary pictures convincingly the
unconscious simplicity of the presi
dent's life in the White House; his
invincible habit of remaining acces
sible, so that the corridors of the
mansion fairly swarmed with office
hunters, idlers and curiosity seekers;
his unruffled calmness in times of
stress; his whimsical humor, his mod
esty and his forbearing kindliness of
disposition.
But there is an entry on a day in
1861, which is a new and vital con
tribution to American history. It re
veals the Lincoln whose moral stature
grows steadily with the passing years,
and it explains why, as his living
presence recedes and his acts lose
their sharp outlines in the mists of
tradition, his greatness of soul excites
wider veneration. . Most Americans, if
asked to name the great issue of the
Civil war, probably would reply that
It was the abolition of slavery. Deeper
students Would cite Lincoln's famous
letter to Greeley, and would answer
that the basic cause was the preser
vation of the Union. Slavery was, in
truth, a great Issue, but its roots
went deep into the tremendous ques
tion of the unity of the nation. And
yet beneath even this there lay the
fundamental principle. Unrecognized
by millions then, unrealized by many
now, It was clear to the vision of
Lincoln; and he stated It In strong,
plain words long before his deathless
declaration at Gettysburg. The day
was May 7, 1861 less than a month
after the attack on Sumter had her
alded the mighty conflict and 4 only
four days after the second call for
volunteers. Hay writes that he had
gone into the president's room to give
him some political news and had men
tioned some wild northern threats
about exterminating the southern
whites and setting up a black re
public Lincoln remarked that some
of them seemed "bewildered by the
excitement of the hour." He con
tinued: "Doolittle seems inclined to think
that this war Is to result in the entire
abolition of slavery. For my
own part, I consider the central idea
pervading this truggle- is the neces
sity that is upon us of proving that
popular government la not an ab
surdity. "We must settle this question now,
whether in a free government the
minority have the right to break up
the government whenever they choose.
If we fail. It will go far to prove the
Incapability of the people to govern
themselves. Taking the gov
ernment as we found it, we will see
if the majority 'can preserve it"
Mr. Thayer emphasize the import
ance of this declaration, uttered two
years and a half before the Gettys
burg address. He says:
"It reveals the foundation of Lin
coln's judgment of the war of the
rebellion: there was at stake some
thing more precious than the preser
vation of the Union, something more
urgent than the abolition of slavery
and that was democracy."
The time came when the wrong
of human' slavery had been overcome,
when the peril to the Union had been
averted and when victory for free
dom and national security was in'
sight. Standing on the battlefield
consecrated by "brave men living and
dead." Lincoln voiced in & few im
perishable words the meaning of the
great struggle sentences so simple
In form and so sublime In strength
that while tbe language of men en
dures they will be studied and revered.
"Government of the people, by the
people and for the people" this was
the cause which he saw at stake in
the war then drawing to Its close.
But we know now that it was no new
vision he had gained. In the very
u . , -
PATRIOTISM . . .
BREATHES there a man, with soul so dead,
Who never to himself hath said.
This is my own, my native landl
Whose heart hath ne'er within him burned
As home his footsteps he hath turned.
From wandering on a foreign strand!
If such there breathe, go, mark him well;
For him no minstrel raptures swell;
High though his titles, proud his name.
Boundless his wealth as wish can claim;
Despite those titles, power and pelf.
The wretch, concentered all in self,
Living, shall forfeit fair renown,
And, doubly dying, shall do down
To the vile dust from whence he sprung,
Unwept, unhonored and unsung.
THOUGHTS ON
By Dr. Frank Crane.
(Copyright. 1915, by Frank Crane.
Among the mountains you cannot
tell the highest peak; you are too
near; only when you are at a distance
away docs it loom above tbe others in
your eyes. At Cbamouni many moun
tains rival Mont Blanc; at Geneva it
towers supreme. As time bears us
away from tbe birth date of our coun
try one figure is seen to overtop all
men. It is George Washington,.
No king or emperor of Europe can
compare in personal greatness with
the first ruler of the United States.
Although party spirit had already
j begun to rage in his time Washington
Kept rree from It. He warned his iel
low countrymen against it. He was
the president of the United States,
not the leader of his party. Let other
presidents think on this.
The lines that best describe the
character of Washington are these,
from Oliver Goldsmith's "Deserted
Village:"
"As some tall cliff that lifts Its awful
form.
Swells from- the vale, and midway
leaves the storm
Though round Its breast the rolling
clouds are spread,
Kternal sunshine settles on its head.
Washington exemplified In a most
marked degree the most essential
characteristic of a really great man
humility.
Do conditions make the great man,
or does he make conditions? Neither.
The great man is the one who is there
when conditions call for him.
No nation in history can show too
such perfect adaptations of man to
place as Washington and Lincoln.
The presidents of this latter day
measure up well with those of former
days. In personal integrity. In un
doubted sincerity, and in devotion to
what they conceive to be the best in
HISTORIAN'S ANALYSIS OF WASHINGTON
I From Lecky's "History of England
Duringthe Eighteenth Century."
To the appointment of Washington,
far more than to any other single cir
cumstance, is due the ultimate success
of the American Revolution. Punctual,
methodical, and exact in the highest
degree, he excelled in managing those
minute details which are so essential
to the efficiency of an army, and he
possessed to an eminent degree not
only the common courage of a BOldier,
but also that mucli rarer form of cour
age which can endure long continued
i suspense, bear the weight of great
responsibility, and encounter the rlsKs
of misrepresentation and unpopular
ity. For several years, and usually in
the neighborhood" of superior forces,
he commanded a perpetually fluctu
ating army, almost wholly destitute
of discipline and respect for author
ity, torn by the most violent personal
and provincial jealousies, wretchedly
armed, wretchedly clothed, and some
times in Imminent danger of starva
tion. Unsupported for the most part
by the population among whom he
was quartered, and incessantly
thwarted by the jealousy of congress,
he kept his army together by a com
bination of skill, firmness, patience,
and judgment which has rarely been
surpassed, and he led it at last to a
signal triumph.
In civil as in military life he was
pre-eminent among his contemporaries
for the clearness and soundness of
his Judgment, for bis perfect modera
tion and self control, for the quiet
dignity and the indomitable firmness
with which he pursued every path
which he had deliberately chosen. Of
all the great men in history he was
the most invariably judicious, and
there is scarcely a rash word or action
or judgment recorded of him. Those
who knew him well noticed that he
iad keen sensibilities and strong pas
sions; but his power of self command
never failed him, and no act of his
public life can be traced to personal
caprice, ambition or resentment.
first shadow of the coming conflict
he discerned the truth; the germ of
the immortal oration lay in the mus
ing words he spoke to John Hay a
few days after Sumter fell.
While others recognized the sur
face Issues, his wisdom penetrated to
the essential heart of the matter. He
perceived that upon the outcome f
the war hung the Justification of ma
jority rule, the perpetuation of dem
ocracy. And to that cause he dedi
cated himself, because he foresaw
that in democracy alone lay the hope
of mankind of solving the age old
problem of the rights of men, which
he himself had stated:
"That Is the, real issue. That Is
the issue which will continue In ths
country when these poor tongues of
Judge Douglas and myself shall be
silent. It is the eternal struggle be
tween these two principles, right and
wrong, throughout the world. They
are the" two principles which have
stood face to face from the begin
ning of time. The one is the common
right of humanity, the other the
divine right of kings.
"It is the same principle in what
ever shape it develops itself. It is
the same spirit that says, 'You toil
and work and earn oread and I'll
eat it. No matter in what shape it
comes, whether from' the mouth of a
king who destroys the people of his
own nation and lives by the fruit of
their labor, or from one race of men
as an apology for enslaving another
race, it is the same tyrannical prin
ciple." ,
Immortality is his . because he
searched out the hidden " truths xf
existence; because he voiced with
authentic prophecy the aspirations of
mankind; because in his life and his
death he uttered forth the fundamen
tal principles of the rights of hu
manity, which will inspire men when
. By Sir Walter Scott
WASHINGTON'
terests of the citizenship, the presi
dents of our generation are worthy of
all praise.! On the whole, we have
reason to be proud of McKlnley,
Roosevelt, Taft and Wilson. They are
yet too close to us and our estimate of
them too mixed with partisanship for
us to do them justice.
The most efficient leaders are those
that are not too far advanced in their
ideas beyond the mass of the people.
There was nothing radical In Wash
ington. He was not a man of far
flung theories. lie was conservative.
He was not a reformer. He served
his times. Nobility depends on how
one believes, not on what he believes.
Lincoln is more typically American
than Washington. The latter was too
close to England; he was an English
gentleman. Lincoln was entirely Amer
ican, a pure product of this new soil.
We do not realize the extent to
which,our national, even our personal
character is moulded by a hero, here
"Where Washington hath left
His awful memory,
A light for after times."
Washington is a good example of
what Bishop Potter called "the dig
nity of ascent," as distinguished from
"the dignity of descent." He speaks
of his character as "so fine and high
and pure that as men come within the
circle of its Influence they involun
tarily pay homage to that which Is
the one pre-eminent distinction, th
royalty of virtue."
After all, the net contribution of
nation to the world is Its heroes. "If
America had done nothing else than
furnish to the world the character of
Washington," said Daniel Webster,
"that alone would have entitled our
country to the respect of mankind."
Washington was rich, Lincoln was
poor, Grant was a soldier, Wilson a
college professor I do not see that
such things make any difference.
In the despondency of long contin
ued failure, in the elation of-tdden
success, at times when his soldiers
were deserting by hundreds and when
malignant plots were formed against
his reputation, amid the constant
quarrels, rivalries, and jealousies of
his subordinates. In the dark hour of
national ingratitude, and in the midst
of the most universal and Intoxicating
flattery, he was always the same
calm, wise. Just, and single minded
man, pursuing the course which he be
lieved to be right without fear or
favor or fanaticism; equally free from
the passions that spring from Interest
and from the passions that spring
from; imagination. He never acted
on impulse of an absorbing or uncal
culating enthusiasm, and he valupd
very highly fortune, position, and rep
utation; but at the command of duty
he was ready to risk and sacrifice
them all. He was. In the highest
sense of the words, a gentleman and
a man of honor, and he carried into
public life the- severest standard of
private morals.
C
It was at first the constant dread of
large sections of the American people
that if the old government were over
thrown they would fall Into the hands
of military adventurers and undergo
the yoke of military despotism. It was
mainly the transparent Integrity of
the character of Washington that dis
pelled the fear. It was always known
by his friends, and It was soon ac
knowledged by the whole nation, and
by the English themselves, that in
Washington America had found a
leader who could be induced by no
earthly motive to tell a falsehood or
to break an engagement or to com
mit any dishonorable act. Men of this
moral type are happily not rare, and
we have all met them In our exper
ience; but there Is scarcely another
instance in history of such .a. man hav
ing reached and maintained the high
est position In the- convulsions of
civil war and of a great popular agi
tation. the noblest monuments raised to his
memory have crumbled Into dust.
Another Tradition Wrecked.
From the Oakland Tribune.
For half a century common belief has
been that Horace Greeley, founder and
once editor of "the New York Tribune,
was the author of the expression: "Co
west, young man, go west." Certain It
is that Greeley used it, not once, but
many times in editorials urging east
erners to avoid the congestion in states
on the other side of the Mississippi,
and It was duetto his efforts that the
expression became a sort of slogan.
But now comes a writer in the Mis
souri valley, the editor of - the St.
Joseph News-rress, with the assertion
that not only did Greeley not coin the
phrase, but he admitted that he did
not, and the author was John B. L.
Soule, editor of a Terre' Haute, Ind..
paper, who wrote it as a caption for
an editorial at the suggestion of a
friend who had Just returned some
time In the early fifties, from a tour
of tbe great area between the river and
the Rockies.
In connection with this It is stated
also thatGreeley's first use of the ex
pression was In copying the Soulo
editorial, which he afterward discussed
at some length In succeeding issues
and emphasized following his trip, to
the Coast, so nicely described In Al D.
Richardson's "Beyond the Mississippi,"
book long since out of print, more's
the pity, for it was a wonderful reve
lation of the possibilities of the great
empire referred to as its author
found it.
However, even If all of us or many
of us have been mistaken as to the
authorship. It matters little, for the
advice was good, and' is still good, for
the west yet represents to enterprising
Americans the land of opportunity, and
while the placers are not so prolific as
In the days of forty-nine and a few
years following, there Is plenty of
gold for those who seek, for in the
grain fields and the orchards, the vine
yards and the gardens, the timber
tracts and the waiting farms may be
found a plentltude for all who seek it.
Too Busy.
. "i From Judge.
Teacher Have you ever seen ba
nanas growing? c ' ,
Archibald No. ma'am: I never had
time to stand and watch them.
-m XAM.LT DATS"
By Tni Leeklar. BpaeJtl SteXf Writ !
Tba Journal.
We sometimes shake our heads and
sigh for the good old times and yet,'
when we turn the time-stained leaves
of history back to the days of our fore
fathers, we find that they, in turn. '
were regretting the degeneracy of
their times and sighing for the good
old times of their forefathers. We find
that graft, political intrigue and do
mestic Infelicity are not new develop-
ments, and that, after all, this old
world, in spite of many relapses and
halts. Is getting better, instead of
wore. A day or two ago 'Mrs. O. J.
Wright, who lives at 231 Bancroft
street, in this city, brought In a yel
lowed copy of the Ulster County Ga
zette, dated January 4, 1800, and pub-'
lished at Kingston, In Ulster county.
New York state. The first page is de
voted to the proceedings . of congress
and the late news of the war in EuroP
The "good ship Factor" had Just ar
rived, bringing copies of the London
Gazette and other newspapers as late
as October 20, 1799. The second and
third pages are bordered in black and
give an account of the death of- Gen
eral George Washington on December
14, 1799, and of his burial. Interesting
as are the accounts of the European
war and the death and burial of the
Father of his Country, yet it Is in the
advertising pages we get the best view
of the every day life of the men and
women of that time.
' Luther Andres announces he ha Just
opened several bales of dry goods,
"both fresh and gay." He announcej
that he has decided not to extend cred-v
It hereafter, and. In consequence, he'
can retail the goods much lower than
In the past. In closing his announce
ment, he says: "Wo will receive In
payment for our wares wheat," rye,
buckwheat, oats, corn, butter, flax,
ashes and rawhides and cash will not
be refused."
One of the principal advertisers is
Peter Ten Broek, the sheriff. He ad
vertises 10 sheriff sales. Here is one,
and the rest are very much like it:
"By virtue of a writ of testatum fieri
facias. Issued out of the supreme court
of judicature of the people of the state
of New York, I have levied and taken
the goods and chattels, lands and tene-"
ments of Cornelius Benham, which I
shall expose to sale as the law directs
oi Saturday, the 12th day -of February,
1800, at the house of the said Benhm,
In the town of Windham, at 10 o'clock
in the forenoon. Dated December 28,
1799."
Lodewyck Hoornbcek Junior, a real .
estate agent, Inserts a two Inch display
advertisement. In which he'aays:
"Indisputable titles will be given to
a number of choice lots containing
from 50 to 550 acres each and lying in
the Military Tract. Also at a very
moderate price a quarter township con
taining 4000 acres In the Connecticut '
purchase."
Samuel Freer, the publisher of the
paper, announces he has received a new -and
late assortment of goods to ex
change for cash, country produce, or
ashes. He also announces he has a
choice "assortment for sale of writing"
or wrapping paper, and also bonnet pa
per, and that he will pay cash for rags.
As an afterthought, he announces that
"On Wednesdy last a watch was lost,
and the person who may find It will
meet with a suitable reward by hand"
Ing It to the printers," and that "If any
one will give information to the print
ers as to tb whereabouts of a red bull,
branded I. T. B.-on both horns, he also ,
shall be suitably rewarded." , '
William reters advertises he Will
take an active, diligent, healthy and
suitable boy, 14 to 18 years old, as an
apprentice to his clothiers' business.:
.lohn'Hhoonmacher, of Rochester, N. Y.(
In bis advertisement, says, "Kor sal",,
the one half of a fawmill and a stout,
healthy, active negro wench."
Benjamin Demyer tells his troubles
In a want ad, in which he says that his'
red heifer, "with a small star In her
forehead, white under her belly, a little
white to her tail, and a piece out of her
reft ear," is gone, and whoever finds
them shall be "handsomely rewarded..
Matys Van Steenbergh, of Haugcr'
tlesl, In Kingston precinct. Is very
much peeved by his wife, Hannah, and,
publishes the following: "Second no
tice of my wife, Hannah, is hereby giv
en forbidding all personn whatsoever
from harboring her, and from trusting
her, as I am determined to pay no debts
of her contracting." ,
John Hasbrou.clt announces" he has'
decided to sell bis "neat, elegant, well
finished pleasure sleigh," and John
Welut, of Kllnc-Esopus, says that "a,
year since" some one took out Of the
store of Abraham Hasbrouck an excel- .
lent gun, marked "8. B.," and If they
will return It, he will pay thernjSre
ward. John'Tremper announces that he ll
long on peas and short .on wheat, and
will exchange "a quantity of Hchobary
peas for wheat."
.Tohannls L. Jansen announces the
death of his relative, Johannls Jansen,
and says all persons are -earnestly re
quested to settle without delay anyac- ;
counts owtng the deceased. He close
with this rather striking statement: '
"All those that will not comply with
this request must expect trouble with- ,
out any further notice." -
The reporter closes hia description of
the burial of Washington as follows:
"Three discharges by the infantry the
cavalry and 11 pieces of artillery
which lined the banks of the Potomaj.
back of the vault paid the last tribute)
to the entombed commander In chief 6f
the armies of the United States, and to
tho departed hero. The sun was now v
setting. Alas! the 'Son Of Glory' was
set forever. No the name of Wash-,
ington the American President sjid
General will triumph over death! The ;
unclouded brightness of his glory will,
illuminate the future ages!" w
The Lot of the Minlsler'a Wife.
Frances Frear In Leslie's.
One often hears a woman say, "Well,' .
1 wouldn't be the wife of a minister :.'
for anything in the world." The iernl-
official position that the mlnleter'u
wife holds gives her a degree of pub
licity that few women have, and at
thesme time makes her the tar
get of criticism, the sort " of crltl"
clsm that is not always discrimi
nating or kind. The Rev. Dr. Robert
Watson, in assuming the pastorate of
the Scotch Presbyterian church- In
New York city, took occasion to say
In a newspaper interview - that "tho
mistress of the manse has more to do ,
with the success of a pastorate than C
the pastor." Coming from a minister
who, had been conspicuously success
ful, this statement is In effect a fine,
tribute to his wife for her part In
making that success. Without doubt
all other ministers would testify .' t
the helpful part their wives had . In
their work. Nevertheless women gen--erally
doubt the desirability of the
position. To be neither too grave nor
too frivllous; to be active hi parl!i
activities without being too active:
to call just enough without calling too
much; to be friendly with everybody i
la general without being too friendly"J
with any on in particular; to steer a-
middle course In all things, and yet
at the same time, to be a force in the
parish and community life this calls.
Ifor a rare combination of qualities, . .