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About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 3, 1914)
THE OREGON. DAILY j JOURNAL, PORTLAND; SATURDAY EVENING, JANUARY 3, 1911 - j PEARL CASEY IS ONLY IRE TO BE HELD ON PAYROLL BY JONES Northwesiern President Dick ering for "Two New Men to i Replace Ostdiek, Toman, - i "There will be: two new unijilres on the Northwestern league utaff thin year." nald President Fielder .Tones thi morning. "I am now ;orre8poTr(l-' Jug with Home three or four men rL l North wntrn league fan to handle the Iridlciitorw this year and We are now j coming to terms. , I shall nH he ready j announce the names of the new urn. ; Plreg until later In tne month or IhJ February. i "Will Harry Ontdlek he the man to t be let outT' Prexy Jones was anked. 'Well that is for you to guess," was the unswer. i . It Is a pretty saf bet, however, that ! lOsldlek will hit r i ? ti 1 1 nwm.. tHun I alfsent. Jimmy Toman, one of the vet- erajis will also be missing, but for an- other reason. Jones told Tornan that1 he would try to get him a Job with the National lBKue In 1914, provided he! ha 004 year in 1913., Jimmy lived j Up to expectations. However, there j has been a change In the National ' league, John K Tener, replacing Thomas Lynch as chief executive. Jones ay he has not heard from To man V or Lynch and" doesn't know whether the latter feigned Toman be fore Tener was Inducted Into office. President Al Baum of the Pacific Coast league Is known to like Toman s work as an "official and It is quite likely that little Jimmy will ind a job In the Coast circuit provided he does not catch on with "the majors. .Pearl Casey, who umpired success fully In the league last year, will be the only one to stick. Jones has al .fcrays liked Casey's work, his accuracy en the bases, his Judgment of balls and strikes and his dispatch in getting the Rabies finished. It Is a 100 to 1 shot that Casey will don the blue again for Jones unless he loses a leg. Ostdiek was a weak sister when he first began umpiring In the Northwest- Tfrn league, after being let put as man ager ' of the Spokane club. However, he gradually improved and toward the end was doling out a pretty fair brand of umpiring. Harry's main fault was Hhat he was too easy with the men in hi charge. Toman was successful for the reason that he was extremely strict on the ball feld. The players knew Just how far they could' go with him and that was one of the reasons why he was successful. Jones refuses to say anything about his staff for next year, but the fore going is a pretty good guess of what he Intends to do. Just a few years ago they were boosting Long Larry McLean as a "jrhite hope." This story from New -York reveals Larry In the colors of a white goat: "Long: Larry McLean, the Giants' erratic catcher, wasn't telliru? friends today that be could whip Jack Johnson. Instead he "was nursing a bruised face, the result of a clash with Cy Seymour In a Harlem barrobrh. That he could Whip Jack Johnson has been McLean's boast for years. The Harlem battle happened after McLean had knocked down his theatrical manager, who pro tested that Larry didn't give him his share of money received for a week's engagement. Seymour took the mana ger's part and Larry was glad to leave .when friends pried them apart." , A deaf and dumb umpire with a leather lunged assistant to announce hla -decisions may be an attraction in . the Central league next season. Dum my Taylor, a former pitcher of the New York Giants, has applied for a po sition on the unvplre staff of the cir cuit and Is confident that he can make good. . Taylor is willing to hire an as sistant at his own expense a person who can readily understand the finger language and the Central league offi cials may decide to engage him. Tay lor Is through as a boxman, and is said to be In need of financial aid. He knows the' game, and his friends say he ought to rrfake an' efficient Judge o play. Jimmy Byrnes, the; veteran Coast league catcher, has signed to manage al Ewing's team in the Central Cali fornia league. UMF Eleven players graduated from the ranks of the Central California league last season. They are Muesel to Wash ington, Sawyer, Harklns, McHenry, ' Harper, Walker and Hofman to " Los Angeles, Boeckel and Wilhoit to Venice, Butler to Vancouver, and Simpson to St. Joseph. "Brick" Devereaux, the Coast league "Germany" Schaefer, will not play with the Los Angeles club during the 1914 season. "Red Dog" has ac cepted the position as manager of the Calgary team of the Western Canada league, Henry Berry letting him go be cause of the player limit. Jack Coffey will be manager of the Denver team of the Western league In place of Jack Hendricks, who will man age the Indianapolis team of the Amer Vcan association. World Tourists at Sydney. Sydney, N. S. W., Jan. 3. The mem bers of, the New York Giants of the National league and the Chicago White 'Sox of the American league arrived here today from Brisbane on ttuMr globe circling trip. The two teams met this arternon before 12,000 persons. The White Sox defeated the-Giants, 5 to 4. BOXING 8 MAIN EVENTS AND 1 CURTAIN RAISER ARMORY JAN. 5th -. i ' . t Under auspices Armory Amateur Athletic Club First , bout 8:30 sharp Admission, general ....$1.00 Ringside ...... $1.50 Gallery 50c I t i ' I? i ' 1 1 iir , ? r - ; ,.-,. .i , i ft ; ,. i i i i , i .1 i i - i ? ,"if. . S's , - . 'i . S M J ? s '?.' c "v'rs y 'i : 4 '-:.-T3SJJ When Carpentler,, the' hew boxing champion of Europe, knocked out Bom bardier Wells, champion of England, at the National Sporting club In Lon don. British boxing fans felt that the knell' of the sport In England had been sounded. Americans had; beaten their champions, but they have come to re gard that as natural. The fact that a Frenchman had beaten one of their l:-st men, when the French people had taken up boxing less than five years ago, hurt them far more than any de feat by an American. Wells lasted less than one round be fore the Frenchman. In fact, he didn't get started. Although he is perhaps the cleverest big man In the ring, Car pentier tore at him from the sound of the gong and did not let him "set." Wells was on the floor unconscious before he had warmed up. J MEET CARPENTIER IN FRANCE FOR" $12,500 If Pelkey's Conqueror Gets by Frogeater He Will Chal lenge Jack Johnson. San Francisco, Jan. 3. Jim Buckley, manager of Gunboat Smith, white heavyweight champion of the world, plans to take the Gunboat to' Paris for a match there with Georges Carpentier, the French champion. The trip will be made soon after the Willie Ritchie Harlem Tommy Murphy battle Is staged here January 23. If Murphy wins from Ritchie he will go abroad, too. Buckley preferred to have Smith battle with Carpentier in the United States, but as Paris promoters have guaranteed the Gunboat $12,600 for his end, he decided this was more than Smith could hope to clean up by box ing the Frenchman here. If Smith dis poses, of Carpentier he will send the L Gunner against Jack Johnson. Pelkey Will Stick With Ring. SanJFrancisco, Jan. 3. Broken up as he Is over his defeat by Gunboat Smith, Arthur Pelkey has no intention fit retiring from the ring. He an nounced today that he is considering an offer to meet Kid Kenneth at Taft, Cal., the latter part of January. Ken neth recently, knocked out Charlie Horn, the San Francisco heavyweight, Pelkey has submitted his terms and if they are satisfactory he will leave for Taft at once and go through a course of training. Probability of a return match be tween Pelkey and Smith seemed bright today. Tommr Burns wired Billy Gib son, the New York promoter, asking him to make an offer. Before Smith and Pelkey met. Burns agreed to give Smith a return match in the event.. that Pelkey won, and Jim Buckley agreed to give Pelkey a return match if Smith won. Burns met Buck ley this morning, and asked it the agreement stood. Btfckley said it did, but that the terms must be right. DON'T l7 BUCKS SHY S6 FAR -WOT'LL GUNBOA SMil wLL SHY 36 far IhollerincJ JfOR me AFteR J f FOR THAT ) j WOT tuft joout - 1 .-."j m.w YEfSRS. - 1 I VJNf-UtjriUp.1 1 III m m m m w 1 1. 1 a 1 ill , I 1 11 11 1 1 1 i' if f III 1 l 1 M 1 II II Iffl ffA I V l IW I I I I I 1 f f I - V, 1 V ' 1 I y A7UTJU This is what the London Times, had to say about the result: "The English heavyweight, who was discovered about the age of 19, and w-ho is expected to develop a protec tive covering of muscle in a year or two, fails because he is guarded from promiscuous punching on the ground that he is seeking championship hon ors he is too precious to risk being put through the mill." Wells, of course. Is not very highly regarded in tbe United States. He was beaten by Al Palzer, who does not amount to much, and Gunboat Smith found him easy. ., While he is a very clever boxer he finds it impossible to stand up under punishment. There is no question of his courage. He is of a nervous type, and a hard blow on the head Is enough for him. PROGRAM IS REVISED FOR ARMORY CLUB'S "Cyclone" Calhoun. Substi tuted for Huelat in Fight With Allen McNeill. The program of the Armory Amateur Athletic club boxing meet Monday night, has been revised. Allen McNeill, the former 11 5-pound champion, will meet "Cyclone" Calhoun Instead of Frank Huelat. Calhoun should be able to give McNeill a tough go. Both boys will step into the ring weighing about 122 pounds. Huelat will be busy tak ing inventory at the store In which he works and can't get away. Abe Gordon, the fighting newsle, will meet Weston, a new hope of the Beaver Athletic club. Driscoll, rated as being one of the cleverest 108-pounders in the city, will be pitted against Santol, an unattached boxer. The rest of the card is are excellent one, altogether nine events being listed. The program will open at 8:30 o'clock sharp, and it is promised that there will be no delays. The revised program follows: 122 pounds Allen McNeill, Beaver club, vs. "Cyclone" Calhoun, Multno mah club. Catch weights Cronquist, Beaver club. vs. Stockdale, unattached. 1S8 pounds Harry Groat, Beaver club, vs. Peter Schuld, unattached. 115 pounds Hewitt, Beaver club, vs. Hill, unattached. Catch weights F. Allen, Beaver club, vs. Hiberg, unattached. 125 pounds Monpier, Multnomah club, vs. Hiller,- unattached. 180 pounds Johnstone, unattached, vs. George Schuld, unattached. 108 pounds Driscoll, Beaver club, vs. Santol. unattached. 100 pounds rAbe Gordon, Newsboys' club, vs. Weston, Beaver club. From the fact that the teeth in the skull of prehistoric men that have been found in Europe from time to time are much worn a French scientist has drawn the conclusion that thev lived upon food much contaminated with sand. PICK ME OUT TO ASK By 7- BOXING SMOKER V WHATT""" J3fN MORfVl r1 WELL, -HD SgSgg? LOOKiT, JWPffl, l" BRoG 'JbS&f "KITTY-! - J N050Dy EVER, THE 'IDAHO SPREAD1 WOULD HAVE TICKLED OLD MAN W. CAMP Father of Yale's Football May Convert Coach Hinkey Into Seeing Its Possibilities, Hadi Walter Camp been in Portland lat Thursday, It would have tickled the old man to see one of nis pet theo ries in working order; to wit, the open play done to the limit in football. When John Middleton gave football the famous "Idaho spread" some seven years ago. It was given due notice and much I favorable comment In tlieeastr ern press. Several writers, who had rtad f its intricacies, gave the play a column of description. However, ' th. eastern coaches did not see fit to Im prove upon or duplicate what Middle ton introduced in the northwest. In his annual football review In con nection with the naming of the Ail American football team. Camp urges a more open style of play, and an east ern Writer. In the following -article, suggests that he will probably convert Yale jto the open game in conjunction with Frank Hinkey, the new football coach). "Wlhere was Walter Camp when Yale was falling? It is peculiar that in the past season's coaching rows, when Howard Jones had his hands full of trouble and Tom Sheplln was being In vited! in and then invited out. Camp's name was hardly mentioned. And yet the oldest of America's football experts has always, until this year, been prom inency identified with Yale coaching. "Itj seems probable that when every thing; is said and done Camp and Coach Jones did not agree dp coaching meth ods and that the vptran left Jones to work; out his ow salvation or ruii rather than still further trouble the already disturbed Yale situation. "Judging by resltsJones is no be liever In the open jgaifie. Camp, in his All-America story.kcomes out strongly for the new football and intimates that even1 the west has not carried tt to it uttermost possibilities. He says, of the forward pass: "The weakness of the play lay in th execution, for there are almost infinite possibilities in lc. American players nave; inauiged in tnetr own game so long that it in well nigh impossible to persuade an American back to spend, the necessary time tn acquiring skin at passing not alone forward passing, but even passing back." With this mind, It must have an noyed Camp to see Yale sticking to the old time football, and the appointment of Frank Hinkey to Succeed Howard Jones resigned "for business reasons" indicates that his views are pretty well held at Yale. Hipkey has followed the view of all the western coaches and most of the eastern ones except Haughton. who still: believes Brlckley better than a forward pass that the open game Is a vital part of the running attack. With Hinkey to work with, Camp probably will figure-in the coaching of the 191 team. But Just why nobody at Yale or elsewhere yelled for Camp when things were going badly will re main one of the mysteries of 1913. MYERS AND RAYMOND WIN RAGTIME TOURNEY Mirers and Raymond carried off first honors in a special ragtime tournament last evening. The score of the winners was 1123. Meek and Durston were sec ond and Chitry and Goldle third. The White Crow bowling team won three games from the Royal Shoe pln menj Mulloy made the high score of the evening and Teurck had high aver age.! The scores: ! ROYAL i 1- Bordette 117 Mullov ...... .117 Ablowitz 155 Gillitrap 124 Novak, Capt.. .160 SHOE CO. 2. 8. TotaL Av. 147 129 393 131 221 141 479 160 122 116 893 131 117 K3 864 121 165 141 466 155 772 650 ! CROWS. 2. 3. Total. Av. 157 189 475- 158 161 16 447 140 140 160 485 161 155 179 489 163 177 163 505 168 790 807 " . Totals 1. Hodge 130 161 Ureyrus Fanteck Tevrrck BASKETBALL NOTES The Christian Brothers Business Col legei basketball quintet won three games on Its recent tour of southwest, ern Washington. It defeated Centralio 21 to 19, Winlock 38 to 21 and Castl Rock 32 to 10. The players who made the trip were: Manager Winters, Sie berts. 'Williams, Powers, Burger and Campbell. The Archer-Wiggins Weonas will ploy the Estacada' team this evening on the Estacada floor. . The St. Helens basketball team de feated the Pacific University fresh menj by the score of 29 to 27 The Pa cific players defeated all otlier teams played during its trip dowft the Co lumbia valley. Ripley 1913 WINS daiou ni 7r uDrnro H lMLrn uLMIL 1 1 III I LO if M'CREOIE FOR PLACE Former Boston Pitcher Played at Pendleton Under Name of Ralph Hays Ralph Glaze, who performed in the big league several years, wants to come to Portland and has written Manager Walter McCredie a ..letter offering his services. Glaze is no't new in Ore gon. Some 12 years ago he came out from Colorado college to Pendleton to play in the old Inland Empire league and had a tremendous season. In orde- to enter college later and partake in amateur athletics. Glare put one over the Intercollegiate and Amateur ! Athletic union authorities by assuming the name of "Hays." Glaze was noted for a particularly sharp drop ball in his pitching that took on many of the ais of the spit ball. In those days salaries were not much to speak of in the bushes and th Portland Northwestern league club offered Hays what was considered the good salary of $100 a month, but he turned It down. Hays afterward went to Dartmouth college and became prominent as a baseball and football player. His work on the diamond won him a Job with the Boston Americans and his gridiron performances caused him to be regarded with favor by Walter Camp in his Ail-American selections. Glae was 'with Boston for several years being released afterwards to Indianapolis, where he stuck a few years. He is now managing the Beau mont club of the Texas league. Glaze will probably not get a job with the Beavers or Colts. He has been pitch ing too long to suit Manager McCredie and as he was .essentially a curve ball pitcher probably hasn't much on the ball now. Then, again. It is said that Ralph Is fond of the white lights ICHIEMS" WORK FOR GO WITH MURPHY s 1 1 Champion Takes Walk of 10 Miles and Will Shape Up Gradually, San Francisco, Jan. S. Lightweight Champion Ritchie has started light training preparatory to his scheduled 20 round bout here January 23 with Harlem Tommy Murphy. He hiked through the park to the beach yester day and tack, walking altogether about 10 miles. "I have had a rest of three weeks," said Ritchie today, "and I am ready to get back to the rrind, al though it will be done gradually. When the weather permits I will take a walk every day. That will harden me up, take off some of the extra weight and fit me for the gymnasium. "All I am hoping for Is good weather the night we are to meet." O'Leary to Meet Barley. San Francisco, Jan. 8. Johnny O'Leary of Seattle left today for Van couver, where he is scheduled to meet Joe Bayley, the Canadian lightweight, January 9. Owen Moran waa to have had: the chance at Bayley, but elected to go east, and from New York will return to England. Vancouver Beats Academy. Vancouver, Wash., Jan. S. Tha Vani couver higti school basketball team had little trouble last -evening in defeating the Portland academy team at the high school gymnasium, the final score be ing 31 to 12. A good sized crowd was present to cheer the local boys and the Mgh school band rendered a number of selections which added to tha evening's entertainment RAILROAD WAREHOUSE DESTROYED BY FIRE i Baker. Or., Jan. 8. Loss estimated j at $10,000, covered by insurance, re- i suited from the destruction by fire ' Thursday night of the Sumpter Valley Kan road company s warehouse. Snow on the roofs of lumber mill buildings nearby prevented the spread oT flames to those structures, and probable great damage. SPECIAL TRAIN FAILS TO SAVE LAD'S LIFE Spokane, Wash., Jan. S. Herbert Spencer, brought here from ekoa aboard a fast special train, died at the hospital. His skull was crushed in a coasting accident. I m You Never Can Tell. From New York Evening Sun. William Tell and the Austrian gov ernor discussing the morrow's target practice. l can shoot that apple off. with my eyes closed," said the Swiss hero con fidently. The Austrian smiled grimly. ' "You never can Tell," he answered grimly. A tooth fixed in time saves nine if you have your work done at The Modern Dentists Specialists in Fine Dentistry 253H Washington St. This ad is good for $1 in dental work bring It. Household Economy Is promoted by household cnecaing accounts. . $100 or over..-' lum derm ens National Dank i ran ajto itaxx. flffi GUNS IUIIILN I A HORSE THIEF Sharon Shots, Hill Sisters, Crack Catch Two Men at Chicken Coop. Philadelphia, Jan. 3. Wi'tn leveled revolvers, Mrs. Alice McClure and her sister. Miss Mary Timmons. recog nized as "cfack" spots and well known in Delaware county society, capturet' William Bdyle, an alleged horse thief, early yesterday. Mrs. McClure. hearing a noise in the rear of bet father's home on Chester pike, Sharon Hill, saw Boyle and a companion pt the chlelten coop. They had a horse and wagon. Which it later developed had been stolen from Wil liam Gaul, a dairyman of Clifton Heights. After Boyle had failed to heed a shouted warning, Mrs McClure fired a shot. Although the bullet did not GET Oregon to Open the Big Ditch The famous battleship which in 1898 made its astounding dash from the Pacific Coast around Cape Horn in time for the battle of Santiago, on the morning of July 3, will be the first battleship to pass through the Panama Canal. r s I ' fCK V' fVi-"' l'' ! 'J b s t ' v- f A W- i That will be a proud day an. au jusuy piuuu. w inn umi murmng tomes, tne Dig gray tenow with every flag uy ing to the breeze, will sail past the breakwater opposite Colon through Limon Bay into Gatun Locki ; then step by step she will be lifted 85 feet up to the level of Gatun Lake. Thirty miles further on- the "great Culebra Cut will be reached where America has fought na ture for ten years and won. On past the little city of white tombstones on the hill whose silent inhabitants naid the heaviest tax nf all. th nlrl uritl coil fAA TT ! 1 1 .i..!.La - into the great concrete locks ya,ii, wutiaiu X-AV.111W us Dnivuo. iooK.ca ana wonaerea exactly wy years ago. Silently the great lock doors will swing outward and allow the ship to descend to the level of the Miraflores Locks, then down four steps to the level of the Pacific Ocean and on past Ancon, Balboa and within sight of Panama City. After four centuries, a Spanish dream has become an American reality. A Journal Atlas will place 7 auuui. xi win give you a clearer, more concise history of the enterprise than anything else in print. The large 20x25 inch colored map of the Canal Zone is a necessity if you wish to learn about the route, direction, and extent of the Canal And Panama is only one of the many important and interesting subjects the Atlas pre sents; state maps, United States, the world, Canada, Europe, Mexico, Alaska, tfie PhiliDoinea etc., all are given their just share of space. . The books are going fast; faster than we expected. When this edition is ione it will take months to get more. We strongly advise your acting today. READ THE CONTENTS AGAIN ' GET YOUR ATLAS TODAY PANAMA Maps, history, facts and figures of cost, construc tion and use. Size of map 20 inches by 25 inches, in colors. . PARCEL POST Large two-page map of unite and zones with reference table of distance and rates. Rates to or from any point in the U. S. can be ascertained. STATE MAPS (Oregon, Washington, California; Idaho, Mon- tana.)., Each map is a large colored plate, new and revised right down to date, showing all towns, railroads, lakes, rivers, .mountains, bays, harbors and every natural feature. Washington and Oregon maps show townships. These maps are all from new plates. The 1910 Census, figures are given, together with other statistical informa tion. Portraits of all Oregon's governors pait and present are given. SPECIAL MAPS 1 Special maps of Alaska, Philippines, Porto Rico, the Arctic and Antarctic regions, Hawaii and Bulgaria. THE UNITED STATES A laree 24x36 inch colored map of the United States is a special feature. This map shows every town and hamlet that has 200 or more population. All railroads are given. This is one of the most valuable maps in the entire collection. ASIA This is a large page map of the largest of all continents. Few of these mapi are found except In the most costly atlases. CANADA Our trad' relations with Canada and the mighty development this country is undergoing right ; now, together with tbe large land holdings of American citizens, make this map a necessity to 'every educated man and woman. 24.000 EXEC IN A SINGLE YEAR Pekin. Jan. 3. Official estimates to day gave 24.000 as the number of persons executed In 1913 in Ssechuan province alone, a, majority bandits, but a respectable minority political offend ers. strike him, Boyle fell, while his com panion ran away. While Mrs. MoClure was phoning for the police, ,her sister ran into the yard and "covered" -Boyle with a revolver. She was standing over him. wher Pen members of the 6haron Hill fir-t company and several policemen, an swering Mrs. McClure's summons, -reached . the place, Magistrate Chan dler later in the day held Boyle In $1000 bail on a charge of horse steal ing. Once in about a thousand -$'ear you'll meet a man who feels sorpy for his creditors. - - ,8W W-A' "J r for old Oregon and her namesake, f yaiaf. uum iiui, BUMKai at Pedro Miguel, from whose battlements you can lookout over before you hundreds of facts I I I I I I I postage Name Town ......... State , LDVEI IS MEET AND WED AFTER 50 YEARS APART Camden Marl's Yuletide Bride Is the Sweetheart of His Boyhood. Chincoteague. Va.. Jan. J. As th culmination of a courtship of 50 years ago. William Knox. 62 North Fortr etii street, camaen. tss. J ., ana Mrs. Elizabeth Tunnell were joined tn tnCy lock tonight at the home of the bride's daughter. Mrs. Alfred; Phillips, of C'ilncoteague. Tl.elr love began when they were cniuiren at ucean view, uei. 'rnoy had 'not seen each other sine they parted 50 years ago until they met by chance recently. Affection was "re kindled and the 'wedding day set for the yiiletide. The bridegroom, who is 65 years 'old, is manager of a Cam den shipbuilding concern. The arid is 62. n the big sea-fighter of which about this gigantic wonder of EUROPE f The late Bulgarian war and the consequent changes make this map a possession to be prized. Very few homes have a good map of Eurojw. JAPAN, KOREA In view of our trade relations and the" mighty development of these countries thes maps ars timely and important In addition there arc charts of foreign born population, tout population and its elements, increase in population, illustration showing increase of immigration from foreign countries and maps showing relative size of U. 8. and foreign countries. MEXICO Tday x torn with civil war and it is entirely like y that the United States wiD Inter vene and take possession of the entire country. What American citizen wants to be Ignorant of the geography of our neighbor? Oregon Journal "Atlas Coupon" This Coupon Together With 50c . Will entitle the bearer to i Journal Atlas if presented at any of the following distributing points: Journal Business Office. Broadway 'and Yamhill The Owl Drug Co Kodak Dept. .Broadway and Wash. J?.?r I?rilk' Book Dept... Sth and Morrison Gill's Book Store. Third and Alder Holtz Store. Stationer Dent . , h Wa.t. Lipman, Wolfe & Co, Book Dept...... 5th and Wash, Pldf' jy.rtnln Book Dept.....l0th-Morrion C. H. Davis, Journal Agt, 5th and Main St, Vancouver; Mail orders should be sent direct to The Journal and accompanied by 13c extra to cover mailing and . ,