V. .'', i , THE OREGON- SUNDAY ' JOURNAL PORTLAND, SUNDAY ' MORNING, SEPTEMBER 21. 1913:J ' ' - ' " ' ' r
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An Ancient, Mysterious and Vanished Folk Who
Studded Their Faces with Gold, Wore Gold Teeth,
Ate Off Gold, Covered Themselves with Gold and
Even Used Gold Tools and Fishhooks Described
by the Distinguished Discoverer of the Ruined Cities
HAT may be regarded as tbe
most remarkable archaeo
logical discovery since the
excavation of the ruins of Pompeii
has Just been made in Ecuador by
Professor Marshall Howard Seville,
one of the foremost of American
archaeologists.
According to Spanish tradition,
the region recently explored by
Professor Saville was at one time
occupied by a tribe of Indians who
clad themselves with gold leaf and
tjsed gold about as freely as we now
pse wood and steeL This was the
fabled city of Eldorado.
It looks as If the Spanish tradi
tion may have been founded upon
something more substantial than
Imagination, for Professor Saville
has brought to light startling evi
dence that this region was once oc
cupied by a gold-plated people. His
own account of his discovery, writ
ten exclusively for this newspaper,
follows:
By Prof. Marshall Howard
Saville,
Profeeaor of American Archaeology
Columbia University.
WHAT we are pleased to call
the New "World contains
the remains of civilizations
long vanished as ancient and as In
teresting as those which have at
tracted such wide attention and
etudy in the Old World.
Here upon our own hemisphere in
pre-Columbian times nations and
civilizations have flourished and
died, and it is only within recent
years that any adequate study has
been given them. More and more
the vestiges of remarkable ancient
civilizations are revealing them
selves to exploration and scientific
research.
For the past six years I have beea
collecting' material for a comprehen
sive treatise on the ancient races
inhabiting the coast province of
Esmeraldas In Ecuador. During the
year 1906 I travelled for 150 miles
along this coast and discovered the
remains of an ancient people. Here,
during the course of several expedi
tions, financed by the Heye Museum,
I have made extensive and valuable
collections illustrating the arts and
customs of this ancient people,
hitherto practically unknown to
archaeological science.
For years I have been preparing
a work for publication upon this
people, and in order to secure addi
tional material and to verify certain
conclusions, I felt It necessary this
Summer to make an additional fly
ing trip to the field of my researches.
Thn nrovinca of Esmeraldas Is a
two days' steamer Journey south of
Panama, and extends from
frontier of Colombia to about
equator.
the
the
Their Luggage
By MINNA IRVINQ
TO spend ths week-end at the
beach.
She took a chiffon evening
gown.
A allk kimono, trimmed with laee.
A motor coat and cap of brown;
Two bats and veils, and ditto
shoes.
Biz pairs ot stockings, some
withstocjwi.if
Cold cream, her silver ourllng
tongs, v r '
And powder, too, a brand new
box.
SHB alao packed two paraaola.
A satin wrap, a spangled fan,
Bhlrt waists, and sashes, linen
skirts,
A blaser striped In red and tan;
A bathing suit, with sandals whits,
. (The kind you purchase for a
dollar);
hat did her hubby taks along?
jUThy. nothing but an extracollar, .
On one of my former trips I visit-'
ed a number of sites mentioned In
the Spanish chronicles as having
been populous towns. Tbe archaeo
logical objects I excavated at these
sites brought to light another civili
zation practically unknown to tbe
archaeologist a civilization worthy
to be classed with that of the
Chlbchas of Colombia and the
QuichuaB, or, as they are bet
ter known, Incas of Peru. The
study of the material acquired seems
to indicate a close connection be
tween this unknown people and
tribes in Colombia, whereas Inca in
fluence seems to be entirely absent
There are also certain traces of a
connection with tribes in Central
.America. '
One remarkable and unique charac
teristic of these people was the man
ner In which they overloaded them- ,
selves with gold ornaments of vari
ous kinds. No other people in the
world were ever so bespangled with
gold; no other people of ancient
America carried the art of personal
decoration to such an extreme. Not
only do we learn this from the early
Spanish chronicles, but It Is also evi
denced and confirmed by the archaeo
logical finds that I have made.
Due to ths fact that the riches of
the ancient so-called Inca empire
lured the succeeding expeditions ot
the Spaniards to that land, the Es
meraldas coast long remained neg
lected, and but few settlements were
madentherer and in later "times the
coast has unjustly had a bad name,
due to ths prevalance of yellow
fever and other scourges In the vi
cinity of Guayaquil.
These people covered their gar
ments with gold decorations, and
also wore necklaces, bracelets and
anklets of the same precious metal.
Theirs, Indeed, was a golden age. They
wore elaborate ear ornaments of
different kinds, some covering the
entire ear and hanging pendant;
they Inserted ths labret or Hp plug
.In a perforation of the lower lip,
and often large semilunar ornaments
hung from the nose, being attached
to the septum, and also they placed
ornaments in the fleshy part on each
side of the nose.
But, most remarkable of all, they
went so far In their craze for deco
ration that they often decorated
every available portion ot their
faces with bent gold tacks or nails,
which were aet In holes In the
flesh. Plugs were often set on each
sids of the mouth, and gold tacks or
nails were plentifully studded In
perforations on both cheeks. Not
0 wuieut wuu uua pumpiuou ueco
latlon of the face, they sometimes,
Inserted gold discs in cavities in the
upper teeth cavities that had been
carefully and skillfully made with
some form of instrument. Again
gold wire has been found inter
twined between teeth of the upper
Jaw. Tiny discs with a projecting
band were clamped around the
teeth.
The decoration of teeth by the in
sertion of inlays in small perfora
tions cut In the enamel of tbe upper
incisors seems peculiar to Esmer
aldas bo far as South America Is
concerned. This custom of decorat
ing the teeth was quite common In
various parts of Mexico, where dif
ferent settings were used. In the
Mayan area, as far south as Salva
dor, the object most often used for
the inlay was Jadelte. In Mexico,
In Oaxaca, I have found hematite
used; In Vera Cruz, turquoise
been found, and In other sections
teeth with settings of rock crystal,
obsidian and a red cement have been
found. I have never heard of this
custom as having been in use in
Colombia or Peru, but in Esmeraldas
skulls have been found with tiny
discs of gold set into the teeth in the
same manner as In Mexico and Cen
tral America, with the exception of
the material used.
I am free to say that the most re
markable example of these inlaid
teeth exists in a skull which I have
brought back with me from my last
expedition. This has already excited
considerable interestand -comment.
In describing it, however, the news
papers have misconstrued me. This
Is but another example of the deco
ration of teeth and in nowise indi
cates that the art of filling teeth to
Btop decay was known In those
times. In this skull the entire
enamel of the front of the teeth of the
upper Jaw has been removed with
the exception of very slight and
narrow bands at the bases and at
the upper part of the teeth where
they were, covered by flesh and em
bedded In the Jaw. The removal of
the enamel is clear through to the
dentine, and was skillfully accom
plished. In place of the enamel re
moved gold is placed to overlay the
teeth, and this gold is Blightly folded
over each side. The teeth thus
practically face-crowned are the
four Incisors and the two canines,
giving the appearance of a wide
gold band covering the teeth. In
fact, so little of the enamel shows
that unless the Inspection was close
It would appear that the teeth were
of gold. This makes It unique from
other examples found in which the
teeth are simply decorated with discs
jDf sold,
j0k ' pwm-u$z.i$
-,f : -f
A Row of Heads Found by Pro
fessor Saville Which Show
What the Golden People
Looked Like
Very Ancient Mayan Wall Carving at Pledraa Negrai,
quest. Comparison with Maska and Figurines Found by
quest. Comparison
People" ottering
Race Started It
Jawbones from
the Skull
of One of the
Golden People
Showing
the Teeth
Covered
with Plates
of Gold.
My SeCretS Of BeaUty
Ay., iv. asKs: win you piease
rif.6 mz.??Ja .eooA-
C. R. asks: "Will you please
quicK, eirective rat re
re-
ducer?"
There Is only ope. Curtail the
amount of your food, especially the
sweet and starchy kinds.
S. J. C. sends this inquiry: "Please
tell me something that will feed and
whiten the skin of the face, some
thing that will not encourage a
growth of hairnor enlarged pores.
Please tell me whether olive oil will
do either of these?"
Olive oil will not In Itself cause
hjlr to grow nor occasion enlarged
pores. It Is friction of the skin
rather than the material used on the
face that causes the hair to grow.
Wiping the face lightly with cotton
Is for that reason better than mas
sage as a means of feeding the skin.
Overfeeding the face with pll may
cause the pores to enlarge. That
'claim Is made and I am, not surs
that It Is untrue. Olive oil contain
ing a few drops of benzoin for whit
ening the skin is a good skin food.
So is cocoanut oil.
D.E. S. writes a thoughtful ques
tion: "Will you please tell a New
Yory city girl who Is very fond of
bananas whether they are fatten
ing?" I am sorry to say they are, for I,
too, share your liking for that fruit
of the tropics. Eat a few of them
and when you do sprinkle lemon
Juice on them, to In some degree
counteract their fattening effect.
Also eat them very slowly, for bolted
food fattens. Apples are not fatten
with Maska and Figurines Found by
iriDuie w a Mayan King, a rue ot uoiaen Articles Is Seen Behind the First Kneeling Figure. From This Unknown
Is 6uoposed the Legend of El Dorado Which Drew on the Spanish Adventurers.
At La Tollta, on an island called
Tola, at the mouth of the Santiago
River, there are about forty mounds
In the cleared section, ranging in
height from four to twenty-five feet
and from twenty to one hundred and
fifty feet in diameter. Excavations
made on a former trip by one of my
party in the largest mound discov
ered a skeleton burled in a sitting
position with a large clay seal or
Btamp in the hand. With the body
were a number of pottery vessels
and a gold egg having a small emer
ald Inside. This is the only mound
which has as yet been explored, and
the cut in this mound was confined
to a trench in the centre. Near the
edge ot another mound the owner
of the property recently dug a hole,
and at a depth of a few feot found
a large clay box containing a much
(decayed skeleton and a Veritable
treasure of gold Jewels and various
large pieces, such as a crown, breast
plate, wrist covering, etc., the bul
lion value of which exceeded
- , . .
iSeautu Questions
Answered
Ing, nor are cherries, grapes, pears,
plums, berries, nor pineapples.
This plaint from L. N. is a com
mon one. My mall always contains
many like it "Please suggest some
remedy for the discouraging condi
tion of my hair. My hair Is very
thin, and every six weeks or two
months it seems to fall out and I
have so very little of It that I am
quite dejected over it. My hair Is
very fine and never was thick, but It
seems to get worse all the time. I
wash it every week with good, pure
soap, in hot and then cold, water. Is
that the proper -way to wash Blokly
hair? And will you tell me some
sure thing that will make the hair
grow and not make it oily?"
81 nee your hair la by constitution
delicate I do not advise subjecting
the scalp to th extremes of hot and
cold water; rather wash the hair In
warm water and reduce the rinsing
water gradually to lukewarmness,
then coolness. If your hair is not
dusty and your scalp Is olean don't
wash It so often. Cleanse it between
whilea -with oatmeal sprinkled
through It and well brushed out..
Any .pure mild oil Is a goodhalr
g rower if massaged well Into the
scalp. Lanolins Is good for the1 pur
pose but unpleasantly sticky.
Better than either method and ex
cellent, used In combination with
&hm, li eating the foods that will
if .?ii''''
Mexico. The Stone Was Carved
Professor Saville See ma to Prov
Professor Saville Seems to Prove That
three thousand dollars. In the
level portions of the Island, where
ever excavations are made, gold Is
found, and thousands of fragments
of pottery vessels and figures are
discovered. Excavations have always
shown gold In paying quantities.
The panning never fails to reveal
objects of worked gold, of which I
have obtained a collection of about
two thousand pieces of an Infinite
variety of forms.
The greater part of the Jewels are
of very diminutive size, and in order
to study the workmanship they must
be viewed under a lens.
Among these objects may be men
tioned gold rings with stone set
tings, pendants with stone settings,
minute masks of filigree work, nose,
ear and Hp ornaments, and tacks or
nails, of which I have spoken be
fore, which were used to ornament
the face. I found also fish hooks,
needles and awls, all made of gold.
Still more striking proof of the
skill of this ancient people as metal
- ByMmcUnaCavallerl.
strengthen you by making good red
blood. Milk, cream, green vege
tables as string beans, lettuce,
celery, splnacJi, lentils and beef are
chief of these.
C. A. R. complains of Indigestion
and ail Its unpleasant results.
Cleanse your stomach by drinking
a great deal of water. When I say
a great deal I mean at least ten
glasses a day, not more than one of
each being at meals. Chew your
food very thoroughly, so that no un
digested portions will remain In the
stomach. After each meal take a
half teaspoonful of bicarbonate of
soda In half a glass of water.
I. R. asks: , "Is surgical skin peel
ing dangerous and is It true that the
skin will have to be re-pealed every
three years or is the first peeling
enough?"
I never recomrrvend anything so
dangerous. If you are not in the
best physical condition at the tims
of such operation and If ths opera
tor is unskillful or careless most
serious results might follow. ' I have
known the skinning to be done sev
eral times. Once has not satisfied
ths demsnds of some beauty seek
ers.
You can cure your own blackheads
by pressing them out after they have
been softened by oil, and thenever
after keeping ths face free . from
dust Enlarged pores can be coaxed
Into right conditions by free applica
tions of cold water, of Ice, and by
bathing the affected parts In cio
phor water,
Hundreds of Years Before the Spanish Com
the Kneeling Figures Are "The Golden
lurgists Is the finding of Jewels mads
of pure platinum, or composed of
platinum and gold filigree, or, as la
some instances, objects mads of gold
on one side and platinum on ths
other, appearing like a pale silver
washing, several little Jewels in
platinum background with tiny balls
of gold used to make a border. Ths
use of platinum la a unique feature
of the section of South America ex
tending from Esmeraldas northward
Into the region of the Choco River.
In this particular phase of ancient
art the Esmeraldas people seem to
stand alone, especially when we ex
amine the work of the ancient gold
smiths from other parts of America,
Daddy Meant Well.
Little Eva May was only a as
Ctrl, but ah objected when badtirae
cam round, as children wllL
Finally, father offered to He on the
bed till ah fell asleep, and carried
her off. greatly to the mother's de
light
The minutes paaied ten, flfteeaj
twenty, and at the end of half as
hour mother began to wonder what
had happened to father. She eoa
tlnued with her sewing, but la a
few moments, the alienee was broken
by the plt-a-pat of naked feet
Nearer came the steps, and art Is
stant later Eva May stood In tie
doorway, linger rataed for alienee.
"Hush, huih, mummy!" she said,
"I've got daddy off to aleep at lastF
Didn't Count
Two Irlihmen arranged to flgha S
duel with plitola. One of them was
dlatlnctjy stout snd when he saw his
lean adversary facing him he raised,
an objection.
-Bedad." he said, To twloe as tg
a target a ha Is. ao I ought to! stand
twice as far away from him as ke is
from me." 7,
"Be slay sew,- replied his seooiC
"I'll soon put that right."
Taking a piece of chalk front, his
pocket ' he drew two lines down the
tout man's coat loving a apses be
them. y,' 1;,,, t'-fvt.c
"Now. he said, turning t the
ether, man, "lire away, ye spslpees,
and remember that any hits eutsldf
that chalk line don't eount
, : '
We Don't Know.
' Jones Dont yo think a talkative
woman Is more popular with the tots
than "any other kind? : H
Henpecke-Wbat :: staer king : ; f
there! 'f-'W?M.f :-SV.tWJr$ i:' K
ft :