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About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 5, 1912)
-rr n- Tin WEATHER J i t TEMPERATURES TODAY J Borton, a a, m.. 43! Portland, B ft. m.SI Hw York M . .4t)8.tUe " , ,c-f Charleston ..641 Boise WMWa " ,,!B rmn. - Cnioago 7 a. m..46Hoeburg . ,,3 1 Kan. City " . 64 Spokane .,3$ Bt. Paul ,.38;MariMUld " ..34 Portland humidity, S a. in.. ........ .100 Fair tonight , and Friday; VOL. XI. NO. 233. PORTLAND, OREGON, THURSDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 5, 1912-i-TWENTY-FOUR PAGES. ..PRICE TWO CENTS on mis Airs mrws siahds mi cisi. as? 1 1 Ip BAR IUIU V, J!" FROM THE MILS' 1 Chairman of "Money Trust" . Investigating Committee ; Says They Are Conspiracies in Restraint of Trade. BANK CLEARING HOUSES REGARDED AS ILLEGAL Many Exchanges Alleged to Be Carrying on Unlawful Business in Wall St. , (United Ttnt Uteed Wire.) Washington. Dec. e.-r-Leglalatlon to bar stock and produce exchange and certain clearing houses from the us 01 tb malli as "conspiracies In restraint pf trade," la a probable . outcome of the mnjfcv trust Investigation; according .to STOCK EXE Unrepresentative Pujo, chairman of f the hor cotnmlttca hicb; Is conducting .. tho arobo I In an ' exclusi ve Interview with the United Press today, Chairman Pujo out llnod revolutionary- reforms which he tonimlttea plana to forca tipon stoUt - end produco exchanges and clearing houses, and hinted at sensational facts which the preliminary Investigation,. . disclosed.. Ha said: 1 ' , J . "I believe It is clearly shown that the stock exchange and some of the produce exchanges, as well as most or the clearing houses of the country are conspiracies in restraint of trade. As ' such all their Interstate business should 'be barred from 'the mails, and I fee! certain that the committee will recom mend such action. - 7n.lls.ttnftjec.nr of the membership and by various other restrictions the stock exchange and the clearing house afsoclattona have become, In effect, gigantic trusts ana monopolies which are amenable . to the law. The ,New fork stock exchange is a strik ing example Of this business domlna , tion. v To Invoke Postal laws. , "The nostal laws will he Invoked -to ' exclude exchanges, ; and association of bankers and brokers from the use of the malls In Interstate commerce tin. loss a complete reorganisation la made. If they are not reorganised they will be treated exactly as the Louisiana lottery was treated, f I do not believe federal Incorporation of stock exchanges will be attempted but federal super vision will be demanded." Representative pujo said the bills enforcing draatio remodeling f busi ness would be introduced in January. The money trust inquiry, he said, would te resumed Monday to rrame legis latlon seeking the reorganisation. - "The clearing .houses," Pujo added, .-"must and will be "reorganised! As a -TsultTJf omrtnvesttgatloTirI-TJnefi stand several clearing houses are vol. untarily removing restrictions -upon membership and their business methods. They must change their methods radl- , rally,; however, or fce prosecution un der the Sherman antitrust law. They . also face the probable loss of the use of the mails. v ' .Clearing Houses Too Arbitrary. " """As now organized the clearing houses force the banks to Join or refuse to clear their exchanges. . In most cases they compel the bankers to Join their organization or quit business. To my mind this condition of affairs Is intol erable and unendurable. - "Prosecutions, both civil and criminal, may result from the probe. We will show the facts, call attention to the re- , forms we believe are needed and urge new laws to cope with the situation.'!, The projected reforms, Pujo said, in- .. elude a bill prohibiting. limitations unon Jv listing securities on exchanges, another I prohibiting membership llmitatons, and fc-inira insuiuung reaerat supervision, Intended to place clearing houses under control of the treasury department. High School Pupils Run Out Every - Few Minute's to Get "Their "Little Nip," (Rppelnl to The Journal.) v. Oregon City, Deo. 6. -That familiar old song, "Forty-nine .Blue Bottles -' a-Hangln' , on the Wall," la vividly brought to mind when one peeps Into the cloakroom of the Oregon City high Bchool during class hours, v Pending analysis of the city's water supply on account of the. typhoid epidemic here, the pupils of the grade schools and the high school students were ordered by Bupennienaeni , jooze - to bring - their own supply . of, boiled water, - and the drinking fountains at the various build ings were ordered left alone. , ' -m popularity of the waterbottle be-' offiM only, a s matter of a few hours. iJottles of various capacities and of all shapes and nationalities were pressed Into service. , The color scheme is not s carefully -carried out in the high school cloak room, as In the bottle song, but the canteens make Up in' numbers ' and shapes what they lack in color and every 16 or 20 minutes, some t thirsty dent fnsout. aiid lakes his "littfe .liip." . . - It is thought that Superintendent Tooste's order has played a big part in checking the Spread of the disease. It is believed that the run of, the epidemic hs been checked as no new cawea have lately been reported. There are about 45 casea, mostly ; in light form. The water analysis has not yet been received. 10NG ROW OF BOTTLES EXPLAINS CHECKING OF OREGON-CITY TYPHOID MAYOR ACCUSED BY POLICEMAN OF BEING ; vioLtTOOfjhe law Maybe Blqecoat Did, and May- bo He Didn't Know Who A. G, Rushlight Was: . There was once upon a time a common soldier-whether he was an ancient Ro man, or Greek, or German, or an Eng lishman,; matters not. But the soldier In question' wss a', sentry and he had tho nerve to forbid his emperon passing a certain street ' i . But thlh little historical Incident' la transcended right here in Portland ' by one In which aa . ordinary, every day policeman Is tha hero. - The policeman's name is Thorpe,' ;' Thorpe has a fine disregard of per sons When the law la concerned. This fact Is evidenced in two reports which he has Just recently submitted to Chief Slover. . One of . these reports states that the"owner of- a building on the northeast, corner of Union avenue and East Morrison street has failed to com ply with the law requiring that build ings In which a saloon or saloons are located must be labeled with a conspic uous sign indicating the ownership of BUch building. The owner In this in stance la one A. G. Rushlight" Now, whether Patrolman Thorpe knows that the A. G. Rushlight he men tions is the mayor of the city and his superior officer the report does not state. The other report submitted by Tiiorpe charges ' one A.. G.' Rushlight with having neglected to put In doors in his building In conformity with the state law requiring that doors of cer tain buildings be hinged so as to swing outward. Mayor Rushlight, when notified that he bad been charged with the two vio lations, smiled broadly, but hastened to assure the chief of police that he would take steps to obey the law at once. PLUNGING HORSE KILLS SON OF REV. WM. ELY (Special to Hi. Journal.) Pendleton, Or., Deo. 6. After linger ingin unconsciousness since Sunday when a horse fell upon him, Edward Ely, son of Rev. and Mrs. "William Ely of this city, died yesterday on his twentieth birthday. In company with several other young men, young Ely went for a ride Bunday and chose as his mount a horse that. had never been ridden. 7 He mastered the animal dur ing its plunging but later when he bad mounted again after letting down some bars, the horse reared and fell back ward, pinning Ita rider beneath. When the young, man's companions reached him, he was unconscious and an exam ination" by physicians showed that be had suffered a fracture of the skull, his head probably striking a rock in the fall.;:',- - .. E - (Special te The loam.!.) -Gladstone, Or., Dec. 6. That the now famous women election board of Glad stone conducted an errorless adminis tration at the municipal election at that town Monday -was brought out at a meeting of the Gladstone city council last night when the votes were can vassed. Not a single error in even the smallest detail was found In the work of the women, and as It was the first election ever held here without mis takes, tho councilman, who. originally appointed the women In a spirit of fun, were almost dumbfounded. The writ ing of the women was clearer and much easier to read than that of former elec tion clerks and judges. JACK HAMLIN; NOTED . FORGER, DYING IN JAIL (Special to Tha Journal.) " ', fit TTalAna tl Tn c l3n..M . . IS being made to rush the trial of Jack Hamiin, charged with forgery, before he dies, as he is considered "dangerously ill and has been falling rapidly of late. His bonds have been lowered from $2000 to 300, but he has not given bond. He has been in Jail 18 months When he was tried first the Jury disagreed. The second trial will be called December 16. Hamlin is an old man without family. He has had a checkered career as a forger. DEMOCRATIC WOMEN . TO BE FAVORED FOR' - ELECTION OFFICIALS : rJemocratlc women will be fa vored for judges and clerks of election at future elections in the state, according to' Frank Lee, secretary of the Democrats rit-r committee. He says this la the sentiment of different members i whom he has talked. a "It may be that the Democrats will receive the greater number of election ooara ; ofricers," - he said, "and the committee would ' 4 -like to see, the women of the a. party wen represented on the election boards. They are' wkir quauiiea ror tne worK, and many -a V of them will be glad to earn $3 ; a derk.of .election." ... r..,v.,., , ; At the coming city election It a is expected a large number of the election boards will be com- 4 posed partly or entirely of worn- en. Much difficulty has been ex- 4, 41 perlenced in the past in secur- 4 ing the services of men compe- tent and. willing to serve, i ...... a GIRLS ELECTION BOARD DOES RRORLESS WORK Woman fury ft ft 'ft ft ft Eve, to Eve Erring, Is Still True to Tradition Marcelie Bortcli of Portland's Underworld Could fiot Face-Judgment of Her; Sisters and , Fleof From Court Room Before the Trial Began Five ,of ! Jurors . Held . for Conviction but, Still Womanlike, Asked Leniency; Thaf n1d wolf rrv of tha antl-Suf-j frasre fold that giving the ballot to wo men would masculinize the sex and that no more would women be womanly,, re ceived its death blow here yesieroay. For Oregon's first woman Jury, put for the first time In the setting of police court and hearing for tne first time the wnrHM nrt hmtnllv frank testimony Of a police oeurt, did, the typically femi nine tnmg or oeing unaoie u bt. WlwVt fni rnnvlrtlnn and two for ac quittal was the vote that hung this first Jury of Oregon women. or an nour n ca -.ir.uiM in liinrf little Jury room with musty and smoke blackened walls they talked and tooK oaiiots ana lamea again concerning the guilt or Innocence of . another woman and eight to two was the nearest they could coma to be ing of the same mind about it. 80. reporting to Judge Taxwell that they couldn't agree and that there wasn't a hope that they ever would, the judge looked at his watch, took, cognis ance of his own appetite, and sent them home to dinner. That was at 7 o'clock, and the decision proved vastly popular with a handful of husbands waiting hungrily for their wives to get through balloting arid set the table. It was really the question, of moral guilt agalnt legal Irinocence that hung iv. i,in, mtrht nf thn 10 women of the Jury thought the moral certainty of guilt was cnougn. iww oj. umu, W. T. Pangle and Mrs. Paul C. Bates, held but unswervingly for a legal cer tainty according to the evidence. x Jury of men well, If there had POLICE JOB FOR REAL NfiM "Me for the Plow Within Two Years," Says Chief Who Buys Place in Country. i Chief of Police Slover Is planning to abandon the etar, club revolver1 and handcuffs of a peace officer and take up the reins of a team of farm horses, the bandies of the plow, the rake and the hoe. To that end he has purchased a 68-ecre farm, seven miles this side of Salem, where he mtenas to settle aown m,on as a country gentleman. , The deal was made but a few days ago, when Chief Slovef"closed negotia tions for the, sale with. Robert Cole of Salem. The purchase price was 17500 and is considered a real bargain. ' "That's leaa, than I could c!eas that much - land for," said the chief, "and another thing, it isn't all jld for yet, l....alauwngthe deal--let-yenlnt, ChletSltrvereclareerheF would be "ort "tne farm 7 within two years,' and Detective Hammersly, who owns a farm, made the same claim for himself, while De tective Mallett said: .;,,'. "I will beat It for my farm as soon as I lose my Job here. I guess I havn't got sense enough "to quit until I get CHIEF SLOVER TO QUIT A DIFFICULT PROPOSITION Splits on Rock ft ft ft ft . ft ft ft J 0 - Oregon's Tint Woman Jury. 4 ' Mrs. Henry Waldo Cos, 111 XiOvejoy street, rorewoman. - Mrs. A. C, Newell, 774 Hoyt street . 4 Miss Leooe Cass Beer, Bowers 4 4 hotel. ' ' ' 4 Mrs, W. T. Pangle, Oregon ho- tel. . , 4 Mrs. Laura Vinson, 1024 Hoi- 4 4 rate street 4 4 Mrs. Paul C Bates, 4tt Has- 4 4 salo street . . 4 4 Mrs. Ida M. Kayser, Palatine 4 4 Hi". . 4 4 Mrs. A. B. Clark, 111 Johnson 4 4 street. 4 4 Mrs. X W. Therkelsen, 121' 4 4 Eleventh street 4 4 Though it was the original In- 4 4 tention to select a jury of six 4 4 women from the 10 society worn- 4 4 n subpenaed, the opposing at- 4 4 torneys agreed to accept the en- 4 4 tire panel without challenge. To 4 4 Mrs. Abigail Soott Dunlway, who 4 4 was unable to attend owing to 4 4 poor health, however, was given 4 4 the honor of being the first worn- 4 4 an whose name was called. 4 4 4 been another Jury of men, the betting, on the evidence presented, would have been about 2 to 1 that they would have looked at It from the legal standpoint and acquitted. Here is the point, which has, perhaps, a tinge of technicality to It; Marcelie Bortell, the woman on trial, was ac cused Of maintaining and operating a disorderly house. After all the evidence was In, W. E. Farrell, her attorney, de clared In his argument that the evidence all went to show that she was an In mate of a disorderly house, but that nothing had been produced to show that she was operating or maintaining it. For being an Inmate only, she should have been prosecuted under an entirely different charge, asserted Mr. Farrell. V Court Instructs Jury. Judge Taxwell seemed to take a some, what similar view, for he straightway instructed the Jury to disregard all evi dence that she was an inmate, and con sider only what bore actually and di rectly on the charge that she was the person who maintained and operated the house. After the Jury had retired,: the first ballot showed five for conviction and five for acquittal. Once there was a chance that a verdict of acquittal foilght have been reached, but this time Miss Leone Cass Baer and Mrs. A. E. Clark (United Pkm Luted Wire.) - Atchison, Kansas, Dec, S. Declare tittit-thalehelateMded- 4oHrrtm-thTnU Hone "left "by William Marsh Rice of Texas, whose alleged murder In Albert T. Patrick was recently pardoned from Blng Sing by Governor Dlx of New York, is made by Mrs. Anne Rice Partlow. She asserts that Rice was her brother, that he left home after a quarrel with their father, and that she never heard of him again, -' ' " SAYS SHE'S PATRICK'S . LONG LOST SISTER of Moral Guilt ft ft ft ,; ft ft held out uncompromisingly on the side of the moral guilt. There wwc several ballots at five to five and then the pendulum swung the Other war. This tlm it was Mrs. Pan. gle and Mrs. Bates who blocked con viction as nara as Mrs. Clark and Miss tsaer naa opposed acquittal. So, In their final ballot' with rfUirrrAfnn r. tain, all the women swung bapk to their original voie or 6 to b and that was how it was reported to Judge Tazwell. Defendant Pled Prom Crowd.' The five women who insisted on con viction throughout proposed to soften it a bit by asking Judge Taswell to remit the fine against the woman, and to commend her otherwise to the mercy of the court They used this argument to good effect in bringing three other women to their side, but Mrs. Bates and Mrs. Pangle stood firm. Mrs. IL W. Coe. the forewoman, thought it would be a good idea to let the woman herself go, but bring Into court some of the men mentioned by the police officers who testified, and conviot and fine them Instead. But some of the Jurors declared that It couldn't be done, so the plan was dropped. "We, really didn't want to be severe on the woman," said Mrs. I W. Ther kelsen afterwards. "We were all in cllhed to leniency towards her. even those who wanted cbnvictlon. We didn't place much credence in the testimony of those five policemen." In one way the trial was decidedly unusual, for it was held Without the de fendant Her attorney, Mr. Farrell, told the jury that ehe had been there before the trial began, but seeing the Immense crowd, and the newspaper camera men, (Continued on Page Two.) L SACKS OF ONIONS IN RIVER; PRICE 1 LOW Stockton Growers -to Throw ' Away Culls; Many Potatoes Will be Left Undug, (United Pres. Leaied wire.) Stockton, Cal., Dec. .6. Fully 60,000 sacks of onions grown In San Joaquin county will be thrown into the river this year, largely on acaount of the present low prices. .Local growers and commission men defend this action by declaring that the yield has been ex ceptionally heavy, and that there is an unusual amount of culls. Growers are offered from. SO "to 60 cents per sack, according to quality. They state that it oosts 10 cents a sack td dig them and that when rent and cost of r(tdiirHn i. l?Bfea-aln!it. crojLtfcexiJ Tmoney at-Sa.-centsl3nly-.-the--culls-r unmarketable portion;, they declare, ; is being thrown overboard ' ..'. ;: ': v Batween 80 and' SO carloads of pota toes per day are being dug In tha island district Tubers are quoted at from 40 to 80 cents per sack, according to qual ity. - Growers declare that thousands ...Of 'acres of spuds will not be dug. ' THROW 50.000 MASONIC TEMPLE. 12 STORIES HIGH, W BE ERECTED Meeting of the Masonic Build ing Association Will Be Held Next Monday to Consider - Definite Plans.; : PURCHASE OF A SITE WILL BE DISCUSSED Present Building, Put Up in 1907, Said to Be Inade quate Now. , In all probability two years from today will see : the Masonic : organiza tions of Portland that now meet in the Masonic temple at Yamhill and West Park streets Installed in a new ! "-story home. A meeting of the Masonic Build ing association Is to' be held next Mon day. morning, at which time it is ex pected that definite official action In the matter will be taken, v. The . matter has been' under consideration for several years,, and while yet It is only semi official Information on the subject that has been given out, every Mason in Portland knows of the move and la con ft dent that the new structure will be undertaken in a short time. . The present Maaonla temple was erected In 1907 and since Its dedication has been devoted almost entirely to Ma. sonio purposes. ' The building is of five stories and four are occupied by the various bodies of the fraternity. Since moving in, the Masons have recognized the fact that the building Is Inadequate In every way. More Boom 2f eeded. In the Masonio temple, beside the of fkesofthegrAnd lodge., there .Is an auditorium1 and three available " lodge rooms. Meeting at the Masonio templa, at least once a week and sometimes oftener, there are seven lodges Of Mas ter Masons, one chapter of Royal Arch Masons, one Commandery of Knights Templar and El Kader temple of the Myttfa Shrine, in addition the five chanters of. the Eastern Star meet there. All of. these meeting are held at night Any scclal events are held in the audi torium, and often outside organizations rent this room, This means that everv available room .is taken every night and there are times when requests for ; a meeting room have to he refused, It la reported that every Inch of the peace in the . new building, including the first floor, will be devoted to the affiliated bodies and the Shrine. ': To Meet Heart Monday. - The Masonio Building association will meet at 10 o'clock next Monday morn ing in the offices of the grand secre tary. - The association will also take up the question of buying property for the erection of the new building. The term, "A new building -within the next two years," has become a slogan. The Masonio Building association con trols the J. K. Gill property at Third and Alder streets, the Masonio temple at Wejst Park and Yamhill streets, and a portion of the Scottish Rite cathedral at Morrison and Downsdale ttreetav- EAST SIDE T Eill WILL RELIEVE CONGESTION.SAYS HARRIMAN CHIEF Construction of New Passenger Depot and .Other . Improve ments Will Solve Question, Declares J. D. Farrell; Mil lions to Be Spent in Oregon and Washington in the Next Fiscal Year; President Returns From the East. .. , v President J. D. Farrell of the O.-W. R. & N; 'Co., said this morning that during the next fiscal year the Harrl man expenditures for betterments and improvements of the O.-W. R. & N. system in Oregon and Washington will aggregate several million dollars. Sev eral hundred thousand dollars included lu this amount will be devoted to the east side terminals and a first .class passenger depot. President x arrell and Mrs. Farrell have Just returned from New York, where they attended the annual horse show. En route home, they passed two days in Chicago and made a short stop at Omaha. While the trip was ostensi bly to attend New York's fashionable social affair. President Farrell also con ferred with Judge Robert S. Lovett and other prominent. Harrtman officials there. . . . ' i -Will Prove Big- Benefit. i look forward to the time and in the near future, wh6n the east side Ai.-.t mnA terminals will be a very lm- WQV. , . - . portant portlonJ-of . the O.-W. R. & N. developments here," said Mr. Farrell this, morning, -"for we have room for expansion over there and it will serve the publlo to the best advantage. The tendency all over the country Is to get TO BE SETTLED DEC., 9 (Salem Bnreaa ot Th. Journal.) f ' Salem, Or Deo. 5. -Attorney General CrAwford-jecelied ad vice JiQliJ.nia the -clerk -of -tUe-Unl ted States, supreme court that the case of J. Thorburn Ross, Portland banker, sentencetfto serve five yeara in the state penitentiary, would come before the court December 9. Roas Was convioted of mlsapplyins the state funds on deposit with the Title Guaran tee &. Trust company. M. U ripM of Portland Will ga to represent tl.a tit at the hearing. . THORBURN ROSS APPEAL SIX ME IKED ncn IN MORNING FOG Motorman on ' Woodlawn Lino Did Not See Union Avehuo Car in Time to Prevent a Rear-End Collision. .: ... , - ' -. ,"1 THREE VICTIMS ARE TAKEN TO HOSPITAL; Accident ' Occurred at . Union Avenue and Tillamook Street at 7:35. Shock of -collision and flying glasa Injured six persons, flv men and one woman, In a rear-end. smaahup of street cars at 7:35 o'clock this morning at Union avenue and Tillamook street Three of the injured, wno were taxen to Good Samaritan hospital, suffering from lacerations and bruises, ares' . B. Burback, 86S East Twelfth street, ' North.1 - David Bleld, 465 East Tenth street, ' North. - I ' i ! , M. Alder, 191 Klickitat street Two other victims, taken to their homes, are Miss Edna Olson, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. A. O. Olson, 121 Grand avenue, North, and William King, 147 Halsey street. ' ' 8. M. Porterfleld, motorman on tha Woodlawn car, had his hand cut in the crash, but was able ' to , continue hU work. ' ' , Shock Hurls Passengers. ' Both cars were crowded with men and ' women going to work. -. Union avenue car No. 107, C. B. Orton, conductor, A. ; 6. Kreguess, motorman, was standing at the corner of Tillamook street and Union avenue taking on passengers. Woodlawn car No.? 814. A, R. Klser, conductor, 8. M. Porterfleld, motorman. ( southbound down Union avenue, ap proached it too closely because of the ' fog and then failed to respond to the brakes in time to prevent a collision. The grade at the Tillamook street cross ing is somewhat steeper than at other points on the line, and this gave the southbound car added momentum. The persona Injured moat - severely were those standing, in the vestibules of the two cars. , The passengers were thrown together violently and flying glass and splinters cut them about the f aoeAnd. Jaanda. i Others were slightly Injured by being knocked .down and crammed up against the car ends and the platform division rode. The injured were taken Into a- drug store on the corner and were given emergency treatment Physicians were summoned and upon the arrival of am bulances the victims were taken to the hospital and their homes. . ' .Luck Played Her Trick. ,.. . . Mr. Burback. and Mr, Bleld. were able to go to their homes after being given . treatment at the- hospital, ...Mr.. Alder Is suffering from more severe bruises and a strain and is still at the Instltu- - A' perverse fate seemed to doom Miss - (Continued on Page Fourteen.) away from the Immense depots whiou tend to congestion.., This can only be accomplished by distributing the facil ities over, extended areas. , -Plaa to Avoid Congestion. "In New York and other large cen ters, the congestion. Is something ter. rifio because of the centering of the transportation facilities within a com paraUvely small area. - By establishing more than one center, congestion Is naturally avoided and the' publlo Is bt- ,. (Continued on Page Fourteen.) MAGAZINE FEATURES The' folio win gr illustrated arti cles of special merit will appear in THE JOURNAL MAGAZINE FOR DECEMBER B. CHRISTMAS CHEER FOR HIE IIORSE Significance of Port land's 'Shop' Early' campaign to faithful aolmala that do your hauling.' t ' ; PEAOIES AST) TROSrERITV tHqw Ashland man turned $3000 Into $30,000 by carerul ' cultiva tion. :. ' AMOXO AMERICAN - BAV. AGES -A- ' bride's experiences among the Eskimos of Alaska.., THEIR WORK FOR ART AND IICMAMTr How t h e Misses Eleanor. ftaUcflsiaVioa, daughters-of th" president- ! :t, find happiness in scrloai vort tlons. . many OTiir'ft v.'Ofn::;.!::; i i ;.T? mxr 1 -r;