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About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 13, 1912)
VOL, X NO. 294. PORTLAND, OREGON, TUESDAY I EVENING FEBRUARY, 13, 1912 TWENTY. PAGES. 1 PRTCR TWO '.. rrMTfl maws to ktws ... , IT4ND ma , C11IS, 1 Mi PR ESIDEHTOF STlCIUlL n (ERS. AS ONE rOF FIFTY DYHAMITERS Warrants ;Are. Out Tor Him, for Secretary Houlihan of Chi cago and Ten, Others; Ryan Says'; He Will Not Run Away One Arrest Made 'at Rochester, N. Y., Others Are Coming Tomorrow. ' '' (United Pmm Leased Wire.) ' . . Chicago, Feb. 1$. United Stated Com mlMloner Foot today Issued warrants ..for the arrest of President Frank -M. Ryan of the International Association of Bridge, and Structural Iron Worker; Secretary Houlihan, of the Chicago local of the same union and 19 other person. ' The warrants we're signed last night, but were kept secret until '.today. All ar baaed on the Indianapolis Indict ments found by the federal (rand Jury there on charges of tiavlnjr been , con cerned with the MoNaroara brothers in a countrywide dynamite: conspiracy, , The Houlihan and nyaa indictments charge conspiracy to commit, an unlaw f ul act against the United States regarding- the transportation of nltfo-giycerlft en passeyger - trains engaged in Inter state commerce. .. ' - .1 The officials of the department" of Justice announced this afternoon that arrests of all Chicago men indicted by STAKDPAFREPDBLICANS WOULD GO BACK TO OLD CONVENTION SYSTEM With Bravery, and' Bitterness, Speakers at Meeting of State ; - Committee Say Time Has Arrived to Disregard "Fool Law" Passed in 1910 Charles Carey as Adviser, Holds Them in Check,. Advising Not Too Hasty Action. ' .; The' ghost of the old convention sys- tm stalked out In' daylight at the meet ting of the Republican state committee in ' I'lhe Multnomah hotel thla morning. ,." With bravery and bitterness, several 'sneakers advocated that, the presidential ' preference primary law, so far as It ,re- - lstes to the Selection of delegates to . trie nomination or crMotej uttt-ttcbi- den tlal elector, be thrown, Into the dls- 1 card. ; i ,. ';f"? " v "' ' " , Advocating? a return to trie convention ', system for the election of delegates and nomination of eleotors. -J. 8, DellJnger of Astoria and Dr. J. M.' Keens of Med . ford declared that the time has arrived ' t "go down the line" and call a . con. GERMANY TO TAKE UP first Intimation . of Foreign Inter fereace In the Affairs of the Re public Now Jn tho Midst of "Inter. , necine Strife. J -.-., (TftiUed Pre tensed Wire.) - Berlin, Feb. 18. Thfr German foreign office today announced that an, investi gation of the murders of German sub jects In Mexico has been ordered, This Is the first Intimation that Germany might take a hand in the internal trou bles 'of Mexico. The move. It Is-believed here, may possibly forecast ac tion which would bo in conflict with the Monroe doctrine on non-interference by any European powor In the affairs of an American republic' Only the bare announcement was made by the foreign office and every official approached positively refused to ;dla cuss the move In any way. MURDER OF SUBJECTS REPORTED IXIO REVOLUTION OE UNDERFED IN UNITED STATES ' . IS PREDICTED BY PURE FOOD EXPERT VILEY Edumtioiu.Tha; Will Create Sentiment ForMltHnj; niep:itlniate Accumn- latiou of Wealth Is Plan Suggested to Vorcstall Time When . tho : i 'Wrallhy Will Fnc Vollcnce -in th Street; Condition of tho V0rk inc dasic Is Crowln Worse Evcry Day. ' . ' 'v ' . U'rlted riW tensed Wire.) .'; WanhlnRton, Feb. 13. rrediotlon of a revolution - by ' underpaid faid .' underfed maricans wms mails here today. by I)r. ' Harvt-f1 W."VViley, government pure food .... expert j,'!'-'- -.'J:;'-"- -'v---'::::!'.'"' "The time is. rapidly , approaching," raid t)r-;Vtley,.Mwlicn tho' wealthy will f face mob violence on the streets. ' This situation will e -due to the f.int ap proaching day when working peophi will ' be deprived of means . of subsistence, Every day the position of the working man is' becoming woisf" -Supplenientlng his statements rcgard- ing mob violence.. Dr. Wiley snlci: "t thoroughly agree with Judge Gary that unless something Is donev to alleviate present con(3Jtlons of unreal In the na- tlon, mob rule 1, bound to come. The sentiment' of unrest and abhorrence comes from overcaj Italizlng tho great Industrie)!, tho soiling of watered ?Vrk, the ' promotion 'of worthiest ' lnnd themes', tne cxtoillim of exruenn, tele phone and teloaraph nstetiiK, nud iioz ens'.of other sehemes for deceiving and defrauding tho people. TO BE ARRESTED the Indianapolis grand . Jury . were planned for tomorrow,, Indianapolis. Feb. 13. ''The United States authorities wll) find me right here whenever they want me," " said President Ryan of the Ironworkers on learning. 4hat "a, -warrant ..for him had been issued In Chicago. "I am not afraid of the charges and am confi dent I shall be able to prove my Inno cence of any connection-with the JIc Namara dynamlttngs."'. ; : r- . " JNo announcement, of a defi nits na ture has yet been made as to the exact number of labor men, accused of hav ing been In, communication or of con spiring with the McNamaras. , It lfj, be lieved, however, that more than 60 are named In. the 32 Indictments returned. Of these, most are believed to be In the east. It-1st doubted whether any men are to be. arrested west of fSalt Lake (Continued on Tags Fourteen.) ventlon, disregarding the "fool law" passed by the people In 1910. - ' , -3 Letting "U"Ren Son Things." - "The trouble is," explained Dr. Keene, that we have been drifting along for years, letting ClRen have his own way. The .time"': has 1 Just: about arrived : to point out j to thai people the way: things fefre'going. T am In favor of taking ac tion right now." Let this committee call a state convention for the election of four delegates at large to the national convention, - and congressional conven tions in each congressional district. This Js the only way I see to get the party represented by Republicans in the national convention." Charles II. Carey, who Is not a mem ber of the committee but had been called in to advise the members on legal" matters, counseled moderation. He ad vised that the people would not support the course of action outlined by Keeno and Bellinger. : He sold be believed the committee should follow the law as it stands, but it would be proper to name a committee to Fee whnt could be done to test the constitutionality of the law. Will Test taw. ' Carey's advice prevailed. It was voted toname a committee to consult with Attorney General Crawford and Secre tary of State Olcott to decide what can be done toward bringing a friendly suit without delay . to test the validity of the law. The chief point to be called In question is the provision by which voters In , each party are allowed to vote for only one out of ten candidates for . national " delegate and one out of five candidates for presidential elector. Chairman C. w Nottingham, who pre- siaea, appointed J. b. uemnger, Dr..j. m. Keeno and ' W. W. Stelwer, the 'latter from Wheeler county as a committee to take up the matter.. he committee intends to go to Salem this afternoon ei tomorrow. to confer with tho attorney general and secretary of state. It will report to an adjourned meeting of, the state committee on Monday; February 26. Chairman Nottingham offered his res ignation thin morning, but he was urged to retain tne joo for Mho present, 'and consented to do so. Seven or eight members of the committee were present this morning. An effort will be made (Continued on Pago Eleven.) "Th great vice of the couiitry Is Its Insane worship of money. My plan for relief Is not mob violence to redistribute wealth, but education that will bring a state of mind forbidding the illegitimate accumulation of wealth and ensure for ever to this nation Its fundamental principles of liberty, : Justice and equal opportunity." , . - ,... , '-i-t--t y. ' " ';'."J'.': Kew Tork, Feb. IS. E. II. Onry, chairman of the hoard of dlrectom of the United States Steel corporn tlon, de clared today that he did not Intend his 'revolution" speech before the Lehigh club here yesterday to reach the .news, pa perS.:Vr'r,,'V'':.;::i':;1 ;', ;,vi ';',;.:'.(,: "My remarks were hot' Intnnded for publication," he said. "I supposed I wsi talklns only to meMiljt'ro of tho club, iiiosliy capitalists. Nothing about that incBUns wits Intended to reach,, the newspnpers." . ' , In his speech Judge Gaty suld thore would be a revolution -in the Vnited States In the near future unless condi tions here clianR'-d woon lor the better ment of humanity. ' DEALERS IN MANY CITIES ANXIOUS TO BUY LOCAL BONDS Increase of 1 Per Cent In Less Than Month for Portland Is- sue Pleasing to Officials of V This City. . MORRIS BROTHERS GET" : $500,000 WATER BONDS Issue Oversubscribed; Eleven Times; Highest Bid Of- fered 95.59. 4 ' That capital all over the country is being withdrawn from purely specula tive ventures and Is seektng safe havens of investment thus early in advance of the presidential election was strongly emphasized today in local flnnnciu! cir cles when bids for a $500, 00t isstie of water bonds wer opened by City Audi tor A. I Barbur, The average bid was nearly one per cent higher than that which took the last issue of these bonds sold. The date of the lasf previous bond Bale was January 23 last. Merrill Oldham & Co. of Boston were the sue ceksful bidders then, and they took the securities with a tender of Si.Gl, Today three times as many bidders competed for the bonds, and the highest bid was 95.69 for the entire issue. The bonds were oversubscribed eleven times, bids enough having been made to have purchased 16,000,000 of the bonds, -s The successful bidder today was the local firm of Morrts Bros. The city council will tomorrow morning formally award the bonds to the firm. "An Increase of 1 per cent in the bond market in less than a month," said City Auditor Barbur, ."shews that the mart for substantial securities has been great ly strengthened in, the east The bid- dera represented some of the largest bond dealing companies of New York, Boston, Chicago and other large cities. I expect that the next sale of these bonds will show an even greater In crease, c -- --, - - - 'With real estate at Its . top notch and air speculative securities in the clouds the moneyed Interests are get ting ready to let the dollars take a rest until lower prices prevail, and it Is gratifying; to i know that PortlanJ's bonds, . in ' spite of the propaganda of those who are seeking to-,toiscimUt.(CXre-gon and the Oregon system, are consid ered gilt-edged investments." v :f ; IS ARRESTED; LAND FRAUD ALLEGED Oregon Inland Development Company's Operations Are Brought to Sudden Halt by Federal Authorities. . Sudden termination to the operations of the Oregon Inland Development com pany was brought by federal authorities this afternoon. The resultant scandal In fake land sales to innocent-eastern purchasers involves H. H. Rlddell, a well known Portland attorney, and C. T. Conway. . Both, were arrested this afternoon on complaint from United States District Attorney John McCourt by United States Marshal Scott and Deputy "William Mo Swain, and at 2 o'clock were being held in the marshal's office while making efforts to give ball. ' The story of the case goes baclei for some time, said Mr, McCourt this after., noon;' ' Riddell and Conway, operating under the name of the Oregon Inland Development company, took an option on lands formerly held by Mays and Jones of land fraud fame. They adver tised this land, according; to evidence possessed by the district attorney, as first class fruit 1 and farm property, when, as a matter of fact, it was on the mountain tops, inaccessible and out of -reach of other than goats. Their literature was of the most persuasive sort and was scattered broadcast over the east and the middle west. ' Profits Large. Bints that the federal authorities were en their trail, said Mr. McCourt, evi dently caused alarm. ; They .traded off or permitted to lapse their Blue mount ain ..utf and got lands in Union county. They obtained faked views, around La Grande and plentifully illustrated. their ' ..erature with It.-. ; . - v -;..'. : . v : The result of their operations was a net sum pf $130,000. It would have mounted into the millions, apparently; had not some of the purchasers become suspicious, ' "V, j'.-; . " ., .'.-' The first lands wore ' held on option at a cost to the Oregon Inland Develop ment company at "about IS an acre. . It was to be eold at what, in comparison, seemed a, fancy , price.: The second lot of land was to sell at (20. to $30 an acre and was' . worthless, according .to the district attorney's evidence .. Old-Time Game. ' ; ' '.The first soheme for selling tho lands In Blue mountains had the appearance of a ' lottery, Not only, did the , pur chasers Innocently take, chances,- but they were called upon , to make , draw ings. , ' blBtrlc't Attorney McCourt says the scheme bears the earmarks of tho old fashioned land fraud game with-a few original features. That a lawyer as well known as Rlddell and his asso ciates should have carried the plan on so quietly, bo far as Portland In con cerned, is subject of surprise to the authorities. ' ; This afternoon , Conway's' ball was fixed pit $8060 and KiudaU'a at U00O. ATTORNEY RIDBELL GETTING SO ' ''-tr'SZIZx PESKY .f - LIFE IN HOME OF I'FULTON, SENATOR,' BONDS FOB ROAD LEPER DESCRIBED ROUSING SLOGAN ! BUILDING ISSUED His Baby Is Year Old but He Has Never Touched It; True Spouse Was Lassie of the Salvatfon Army. (Special to The Joarntl.) . Tacoma, Wash., Feb. 13. County of ficials today sent lumber to the home of leper John Early at Summit View and men began construction of a three roomed cottage for the leper. The cot tage will be 300 feet from where his wife, mother-in-law and children will live. Around it will be a double wire fence, enclosing one acre and Early will be kept inside until some decision has been reached as to the nature of the malady. - Mrs. J. R. Early, wife of the leper, and mother of his three children, la suffering the -effects of the agitation aroused about the discovery of her hus band's condition. Although her mother Is with hor, having lived with the Earlys since their departure from New Tork In 1909, she is hardly able to do the or dinary housework, , Upheaval , oomes at Bad Time. "It worries ,me awfully the way these people are acting," said Mrs. Early. She sat -on the front porch of, her home, which had been cut in two 'sec tions . by the workers In order that it could be moved more easily. "You see, this agitation;' comes right now when everything Is upsl3o down. I have been sick with the grippe, and two of my children ; are ill with it. The young girl who worked for me has been taken home; by her parents, which leaves all the work to my mother and myself." X.lf in the taper's Home. Mrs. Early was asked, about the re ports that her husband had not used every precaution to protect others from securing the disease- from him. v !Why; it's untrue." she replied with feeling. "John has done everything pos sible to prevent coming in contact with people. He has never even held thl year old baby, lie has not touched it since it was born so much . was he afraid that it would be Inoculated with the disease. During the time we have lived out here he has had his own room and no one but myself has entered it J have fumigated It each week and fu migated his clothing .'before and after washing them. .- If Xvs Caught It Weft." "Ho has slept by himself and eaten (Continued on I'agg Three.)- ID TO ; QUIT SINCLAIR'S WIFE ', (.lotted Pr iid WIr. ' ,' ,New York, l"eb. 13. JJarry Kemp, "tramp poet,'' has, according Jo mutual friends today, deserted Hra. Meta Sin clair, 'divorced wife of Upton Sinclair, author of "Tho Jungles," - The "aff .nltl"B", have been living In a bungalow t tA'st Point pleasant, N j., elnco.Mis. Sinclair's affection for Upton waned, and whe deelnred her lovo for Kemp. Tho divorce followed. N Kemp wbs a guest at Sinclair's home when his intimacy with - thai author's V wife's as dlacovere KEMP A HAVE pNCLE CAN'T Demonstratidn ; Accorded At torney Feature of Lincoln banquet; Names of Roose Velt, Taft Bring Applause. VTilllam H. Taft and Theodore Roose velt were accorded rival demonstrations at the Lincoln banquet of the Republi can club last night at the Multnomah hotel, and the strenuous colonel of Oys ter nay came out second best. Nearly 200 Republicans, the most of tnem .warnorses to whom insurgency la an unforgivable heresy, cheered even longer than for Taft when the name of Charles W. Fulton was mentioned, and the ranks of stalwarts rose almost aa one to cheer when Fulton was called to speak. There was no mistaking the meaning or ine tuiton demonstration. An enthu .elastic delegation from Pendleton led the cheering with a shout of "Fulton for senator." It was the greatest demon stration of-the evening. Abraham Lin coln, Taft and Roosevelt were alike eclipsed. Several other features not on the program were introduced. George L. Baker made announcement of the birth of the new Republic of China, and four little girl, two Chinese and two white. passed a message of the new republic to each plate amid enthusiastic cheers. Later in the evening a resolution written by C. M. Idleman and intro duced by B. F. Mulkey was passed, call ing on the Oregon delegation in congress to favor recognition of the Chinese re public, By a rising vote the club Indorsed the proposed initiative- amendment to make the birthday of 'Lincoln, a holiday in Oregon., fhls was done on motion of Wallace McCamant. , The rival cheering for Taft and Roosevelt ; came early in . the evening when letters of regret were read from thoso notables by C. E. Lockwood, sec re'tary of the club.: First was read the message from Taft, which said: , "I am very sorry that It will not be possible for me to ' attend the Lincoln birthday dinner of t'pa Republican club, but as it cannot be, I am glad to take this means of extending to those who will be presont on this occasion mv cordial greetings and my best wishes for a most enjoyable evening." On the heels of the reading of tho (Continued on Page Fifteen.) SAID TO BE INSANE 1 (United rro jfc,ned wire. I ' ' , Vlterboi Italy, Feb.. 13 With the re sumption of arguments in tho Cataiorrlat trial today, It Is generally believed that the state has failed to prove Its case. und . practically everybody ' -connected with the famous trial expects that the aeousLd men will be arqultted. That the men on trial were connected with the Camorra-there is little doubt, but: there has boon a total- nbsetice of dlrcet .evidence to prove that Hiiy of them had anv connection with the mur der of Cuoceolo and his wife at Naples. The whole prosecution depends large ly upon the testimony of AbhateniAgglo, tna tniormer, W119 lurnen states isvt dnnrn, snd t.h defense lius cast grave doubts on hist unity, ' t BLACK HAND INFORMER REST A BIT Total Amount, to Be Spent Is $82,000,000; Many Other States Planning Campaign; Oregon Out for $20,000,000 No less than seven of the great states of the Union have Issued bonds for road building. The total is $82,000,000. Many other states than Oregon are cam. paignlng for Issues of bonds with which to build permanent roads, ac cording to a compilation of information which has Just been prepared by Presi dent C. T. Prall of the Oregon Associa tion for Highway Improvement Said Mr. Prall today: . . "In the southern Appalachian region there was available last year bond is sues of $10,000,000. During thiB year more than $1,000,000 Is available for expenditure from bonds issued in Ala bama,' and $1,400,000 In Tennessee. Up to June 1 last $2,450,000 was available for bond issues in Virginia and nearly $5,000,000 has been issued in ' North Carolina. The foregoing are mainly county bond Issues. The following states have ls- nueu uurius in large amounts California ..$18,000,000 Connecticut . . i ,W),HI)0 6,000,000 8,500,000 1.000,000 50.000,000 Maryland . , .. . Massachusetts . New Hampshire ew xorK . . . . . ' ' $88,000,000 "Alabama and Tennessee are agitat ing each a bond issue of $50,000,000." Example for Oregon. Mr.. Frail believes that the actions of the states enumerated should give con fidence to Oregon, citizens that it is as safe for a state to pledge its credit for an improvement that pays for Itself as for a city or a business, organization to do so. If New York tan safely issue $50,000,000 In bonds for road building, he said this morning, Oregon can be as safe in Issuing $20,000,000; because the roads of New York are now, many of them, hlgihly Improved, while the roads of Oregon are in bad condition gener ally, and effects of Improvement should be evident at once. "The chief claim for a direct tax to provide funds for "road building is that !t enables you to pay as you go, thus re lieving communities of future, indebted ness. The main polqt against a pay-as-you-go theory Is that a state or county cannot make adequate progress under it Practically no large enterprise In this country from the railroads down has been built on this theory. If It had been necessary for the railroads to pay as they went we certainly would not be enjoying now - the fine transportation (Continued on Page FKiecn.) 46 LIVES LOST WHEN itlnlted Press TmI Win... Nagasaki, Feb. 13. Forty-six lives Were lost off here today when tha Jap. onese steamers Ryona Mam and Morla Maru collided and both sank. Thirty-two members of the , Ryona' crew and 1 of the men-on the Moria were caught between decks at the time of the collision tlnd went down to death with their , shirts. . The remainder oT the Crosj.t were roncued bv vbhspIs ni-uf. by 'when the crash oc""-'r JAPANESE CRAFT CRASH TAFT AVERS LIES WILL BE SHOWN DP IN CAMP Ail Next Four Months, ; Declares President, to Be Consumed in - Uncovering , Hypocrisy and Misrepresentation."- HINT THAT ROOSEVELT WILL NOT MAKE RACE Confidence of Democrats Mis placed, Says Nation's , Chief Executive. (Cnlted Pre Leaned WIre.V Washington, Feb. 13. Indicntlon that President Taft has "inside" information that ' Theodore Boosevelt . will ' not, be a candidate for the Republican, presiden tial nomination is seen In s. statement maae nere today oy tne presiaent upon his retnrrl from New York. '' ? ' "The time has come," the president said, "when the political atmosphere must be cleared. The next four month will be consumed in showing, up lie, hypocrisy and misrepresentation. ' "Misrepresentation must , be expected and met during the coming campaign. clearly misplaced. It is due to a mis understanding." - W'f' , 'V' -y-. j stung Dy recent anacKS upon nis aa- ; ininiairaiun, 'jrresiu&uv idii i-imu; in dicated that in the future his policy would be one of offense as. well as of. defense. He opened the attack during his recent tour; of Ohio and followed it up lastnight In his speech at the Republican club banquet 1 President Taft told his callers at the tlnue "to combat misrepresentation of his admlnisratlon," .: both within and wtlhont t,ho party. He declared tnat hereafter he intended to make "a di- . re.ct attack and a firm - defense," in every speech, he delivered. ' "I am not apologising- for my admin istration, the president told his friends, -. "but I an merely meeting -attack with ., Attack." . - . " T. R. Avers. Illinois Congress man Not His Mouthpiece California Man to Work fcr "' Roosevelt. . . ' (rotted Prm tensed WIre.V New York. Feb. 13. "Please say for me that Congressman McKlnley Is not my official mouthpiece. , I am capable of doing my own talking.". . Thts was the only reply forthcoming from Colonel Theodore Roosevelt today to a statement issued yesterday by Congressman , McKinley of Illinois to the effect that Colonel Roosevelt was concentrating the strength of the pro gressives and that thts branch of ; tha Republican pary would line up solidly in support of President Taft when the proper time arrived.:- '-.U'' ''V::-,"::,'':.-; Public acknowledgment of the receipt Of a letter from Chicago by eight gov ernors of western ; states in which . ho was urged to announce .his J candlda-v for the Republican presidential nomina tion wss made this afternoon by Col onel Roosevelt He said:- Otherwise, JTothing to Bay. "I am glvinj the letter careful con sideration and shall reply to it within a short time, probably Insido a wee'i. Until that time I can sny nothing on the subject.' j , The letter. It Is reported, was delivered personally to Colonel Roosevelt by for mer .United , States District Attnrivy Edwin Sims, chpirman of tie Roofctivelt national committee. New York. Feb. 13. Colonel ,P. 'P. Collier, president of the . San Dleo Panama exposition company, who tis beon in Washington eonferring with President Tft, Is In New York 'toduy, where he held a conference with Cl''l Theodore ' Roostvelt; Kmerglmr from Roosevelt's office In The Outlook, Colonel Collier said: ' -.''l am rolng to California and will take Off my coat and hustle for 'dele gates pledged to, Roosevelt" -. -. ., . . -'Says Colonel ' Will Bon. ; Asked If ths colonel would oritt the . nomination for president, Collier , re plied: ..... i. .,- V"-. - " ' "I am speaking, for myself,, not for Colonel Roosevelt,, but 1 am .oonvlneed that ho will be nominated and that h will accept. I told him that the con r. try la no longer divided into partleM, but into two classes neurotics am) rto tionarles. -" 1 also told htm that n w i.i the Only Itepubllcnn able . to defeat Woodrow Wilson, , if Wilson Is -nominated, .- - - t"I have been thrve,h 3J stnte re cently and I told' Roosevelt, tlint th centlmervt'.of tha people not the pxrly bosses, is - overwhelmingly, fur . l.rn, I told him that WWnon, t:iak, le.lk or Underwood could Uefest l'renl l-itt 'l il t and timt the only Democrat 'lnt wit.i have a chaivce to. beat would 1 H ir moii."' ; .".i-..'v v - , ": ANTI-LOAN SHARK- DILL PASSED BY THE II0U. (''llitl'tl Vri O.hkiJ Will; I AVAihlimtun, l- l. 1 i --n -i- ShHfk bill will I i"'-' It' ' house. It esiMi ' i I 1 1 tho li'Kul rnte r I im . i elitti-fvri bv Iw.n . i I . r of . Cultitaljiu. SoiS SAYSiSO HISELF , . 1.., ; v . -;," -, '' ' ;.'