THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL PORTLAND, SUNDAY MORNING, ; JULY i 211911
AN AMERICAN ALONG THL RIVILRA
Interesting Impressions of Tourist
j-;y.;;
Jv" ':: Written' v for" Th Journal ..; .by.
. O., W. Burtoav.-v..;:;''.,v;t!.('!'...v
i RomlTh carnival" at Valencia ne
' ' In . pat,y: vrawent s to " Barcelona and
.'" from thera on' Match. 1, VAh ; Wednes
day," wa- wr out of bed at' 3 a. m.
8paniH hospitality, which never - tails,
'had Coffee and hot rolls' on "our table
at and Spanish ,diIatorine alo un-
. xaiiinf) was fifteen minutes iat..witn,
ma ooacn, so wa naa 10 : oeai. n, ; r
fardles of ths condition- of sour foot
p weac,; to the station, get , ou tickets,
have our hsggase ; checked -and ; get
places 4n 1 the crowded train before tha
k man at the hell rope.vgave his signal
$--'.t.ttman ; forward ' with little
". cow's1' hprn, WhO gave the signal, to
? the Wan In I the cab of the 'engine, who
gave the signal and then the train moved
oyt at S O'clock. ( We were on our way
; tj the French frontier at Cebere, and
-from there toSProvence, where we were
10 sleep at a quaint, antique Aries,, on
sHha giorious Rhone, vr-u: v H--y-te
, The carnival is a "dead one" except
!'.' at Nice, where it. is kept alive as a
corpse is made to sit -up for a mo
ment by an electric current Nlcu
keeps' the semblance of ' life in the old
: custom .for the. sake of -tourists, and
, even these are getting tired of the form
al, meaningless performance of young
folks who have not lived long, enough
to know what fun is. Only the common;
est of the common people and only the
very immature personaof this clump
take any notice of the carnival. Tea,
a few others. Hotels and restaurants,
' the , establishments thai sell women's
hats and men's neckties, ' use the occa
sion to send inartistic "floats" through
-, ths streets to advertise their wares.
"But tor these the old custom of "tak
- Ing leave of -the blest" by a debauch
as Lent comes on-with its austerities
would be decently buried, laid away
in museums with the stuff dug out of
Pompeii and relics of the Caesars.
i.'-' ' ' On to Itmy
.But to our train. At 11 we were
i m LeDtrs, ana unuer tne r rencn nag.
the best way to see the country. Here
we had to passthe customhouse, end at
1:10 p.. m. were on our express train
bound for Aries in Provence, in the
south of France. V, , "
From Barcelona to the French fron
tier this bit of northern Spain la ab
solutely without charm. er Interest of
any kind. The country Is iough, mostly
mountains, at all places almost bar
ren. The sea is not much in sight,
and whenlt la-ih- shores are low-and
the grouri'd marshy. At Cebere the scene
changes sharply, snd from there to
Aries the- south of France possesses
an Indescribable charm, excepting at
a few points where the sea is nean by
and the shores low and marshy. This
is notably -so around Cette. Along by
Montpellier and Nimea it was southern
France with all its great wealth of
fruit orchards, of flowera snd all the
signs of th "sunny south." Aries in
the midst of the long and far famed
Provence la a gem in very truth. Here
we spent the day, and in the afternoon
took a fast tratn which landed us in
Marseilles, about 30 miles rnu, in about
an hour. Spending the night here, we
looked over the .city next day, and then
on fer the -Riviera. '. ' TV
From Marseilles to the Italian fron
tier at Ventimiglia is about ICO miles.
We' got away early, intending to stop
at the frontier. The train was an ex
press, and we were at Ventimiglia be
fore noon. Here the time changes from
western to central Europe time, which
1 is twenty minutes terlier. As we were
not st all tired, the resolution wss
taken to go on to Genoa. In a great 'rush
we' got through the customhouse, re
ehecked our baggage, ; got new tickets,
and were on an Italian train. Oenoa was
reached soon after dark, and as the
Rivleria really beglna at' Cannes and
ends at San Remo, Just below the fron
tier, we were able to take' in all the
glories possible from the train. The
distance from the frontier to Oenoa
is about 80 miles. From Genoa to Pisa
is alktle more than loa miles, and from
there to Rome something more than
200 We were at the "Eternal City"
Friday night at 11 o'clock, having made
a little over 850 miles from - Tuesday
morning almost all in daylight hours.
From Pisa to Rome the route is ab
solutely lacking in Interest from any
point of view. The landscape presents
the same aDDearance as the most com
monplace and uninviting portions of
the United States in the central states
anywhere along the Mississippi valley
on down to the gulf.
Oovernment-owned Xallroads.
That redoubtable statesman-reformer.
Colonel W. J. Bryan, and other states
men and high privates in our oountry
who are so steadfast in the opinion
thst the government must take posses
slon of the railroads In order to hasten
the advent of the . millennium. hould
make this trip of nearly 10QO miles as
we made it - The railroad service in
Bpatn ' is proverbially deficient from
the American standard. Foij the short
trip we were obliged to use our sec
ond class kllometrlc tickets on a third
class csr. as there were none of ours
on the train. But we were' in the com
pany :bf quiet, respectable, well man
nered people without an exception. In
France the train service was good from
the standard of Europe and not bad if
compared to our standard. Tne mo
ment we left the French train, man
aged by a corporation, and took seats
in sn Italian train, state owned and
operated, the difference could not fall
o attract painful attention. The cost
bf mileage was , the aajne, or If any-
ning was a traction leas, and tns bag
gage," which had gone all over Spain
free, and the same in France, here was
subject to a heavy tariff. A steamer
trunk from Ventimiglia to Rome, about
400 miles, cost II lire, or ii.60. That
was the least trouble. in the state
controlled train with a' guard supposed
to maintain order a couple of dagoes
quarreled by the hour, in a boisterous,
threatening manner to the disturbance
of all In the car. The political loafer,
misnamed guard, contented himself
with a mild remonstrance once or twice
which did no good. A gang of boys in
.. the next car kept up a bedlam all the
afternoon, and from the train, insulted
any, woman or girt who came In sight.
At one station another dago, got in the
' car with a bunch of chickens tied by
the legs which he kept by him on h
seat The guard took no notice of
this transgression. ; The Spanish, and
French cars wre in good order ' and
clean at, all points. The Italian cars
were clean at no point, ' The trainmen
In Spain v were decently dressed. In
France all were in, remarkably good or
der. Those on the Italian trains were
shabbily dressed; the clothes were not
only threadbare, but not wlean. The
poor, fellows were the pink of polite
ness to us, seeing' that we got on the
cars easily (for , a few coppers), shut-
, ting us up to ourselves In a nice, well
' warmed compartment, and treating us
i with, every sign of respect, But their
woebegone . appearance excited tone's
"ff sympathies in a "most lively j manner..
The Spanish and French- trains were
i almost always prornpjl on tlms; ; the
.v..;, Italian almost , never., .: - ;;.; ,J ,: :': f '
''v'.rr.:- The Bsason for
: v Tou, may ray, "It was In1 Italy." v II
v ssy it was because the stste owns and
- runs the rosds and politics control,
, not business considerations, n I will hold
i this opinion until I meet a vote chaser
. who attends to business as does, the
From' Pacific Coast on Trip From Valencia to Rome Through Europe's)
Continental' playground.wfc!?.. jy-vL'
I
TopWharf at Marseilles where the Transatlantic steamers land. Bot-
torn Cat aluna promenade. Barcelona.
man 'employed by a corporation wliloh
seeks to esrn profits for its sharehold
ers by seeking to merit the pstronage
of the public and insists on the em
ployes attending to their business.
So we Journeyed for nearly a week
under three flags, two ' of monarchies
in which the king rules" by tact and "di
plomacy rather than by Mis arbitrary
will, and one a republic of recent origin.
The Latin type of humanity prevails in
all, and the Influence of ancient Rome
remains in Spain and France almost as
potently as in Italy, while .the Roman
ruins at : Sagunto and other places ' in
Spain and at Aries or other places in
France are only Just less impressive
and interesting than those of Rome
itself. Yet the modifications that have
taken place with long lapse of ages are
more impressive and interesting than
it is to note the sameness remaining
after the lapse of these centuries.
What interested and Impressed me
most were the things of tQday. Barce
lona is proudly named by Its busy peo
ple "Little Llverpo61." - Marseilles, ly
ing aeross the Gulf of Lyons, might
well dispute the sobriquet. . But these
cities are only "in a way,", and a far off
way, the type of thing one sees all
through America. The real interest to
one, and practically to a person 'from
the pacific coast, '. it the Riviera; If
one stretches the term to the breaking
point and says 'the Riviera lies all the
way between Marseilles and PJsa he
has a stretch of about 360 miles. If
he restricts the term and eays it in
cludes Cannes to Pan Remo, it will be
less than 100 miles. Let us look at the
subject from both points of view.
A oad of Many Tunnels.
Whether the state or a corporation
built the railroad along the Riviera. It
was a great undertaking well per
formed. Whatever language one should
use would sound like rank hyperbole to
the ears of any reader who had not
gone over the read. I would like to
have the facta so as to speak by the
card, but cannot get them. From Can
nes to Ban Remo, how many tunnels
are there? On a former visit to Italy,
crossing the Appennines from Florence
to Milan, I counted 87 tuimelsy when we
got tired of the arithmetic and do not
know how many more there were on the
line. FrOm Cannes to San Remo the
count could hardly be made. If made at
all one should hire a bright person to
devote all his time to the job.- Are
there 600 tunnels on this small stretch
of road? J. am sure of it Are there
1000T I am sure there are not. Here
the Maritime Alps come down In a great
broad spur almost into the waters of
the Mediterranean at all points, quite
into the sea at many.' The road could
not bridge the waters nor fllmb the
heights, so it runs most of the way un
der the ridges, and as these lie, compar
ing great things with small after the
fashion of Milton in "Paradise Lost,"
as close together as the fingers of one's
hand, the line is mostly In the dark. So
the train flies along In Egyptian night,
flashing now and agsln into the day
light and then back to darkness hour
after hour after hour. It-makes one
think of the hard hearted millionaire
of long ago who fared sumptuously all
his days, clothed in purple and fine
linen, neglectful of the beggar at his
gate to whose misery the dogs were fain
to show compassion, but in after times
this rich man in Hades-felt the tortures
the more as he beheld the beggar in
heavenly bliss.. So flashes the sunlight
into one's eyes and, disappears along
the Riviera as the one flash of celestial
light broke on the sinner's eyes in the
dim smoke of hell. The misery cams
from the sharpness of the contrast.
. ' vothlng Butjninata,
Just as sharp is the contrast of the
dark, smoke-filled tunnel to the glory
of the sunlight on these hills ,so full
of verdure, so painted with , brilliant
colors It is the paradise of all Europe
when snows lie thick on northern hills
and fogs brood on all the plains, when
the music of the streams ,1s silent, held
in fetters of ice, and Ills has been be
reft of all its comforts and most of its
joys. To tho Riviera flee ail who can
spare the money and the time to bask
in almost perpetual sunshine and
warmth. This stretch of territory has
absolutely not a possession but its cli
mate. A more inhospitable shore there
Is not, did not the sun fill it all" With
light. The most forbidding- spots are
those most in demand, and the 'higher
up the slope the "villa" clings to the
cliff the more attractive it is. And it
is only so small a 4 strip of territory!
Rome lies much farther south, but its
climate is awful. Naples has a cli
mate less desirable and lies so much
farther from Paris, London.' or: Berlin
that the Riviera has come to be the
resting place for all who, like birds of
passage, flee from the wrath to eome
when' winter. Is on there. . ? ,
- The coast Is honeycombed with nooks
that nestle" between - the ridges of the
mountains, hask In the sun and listen
to the muslo of the sea..' Along these
ridges grow the. scrub oaks and pines
of northern latitudes, while In the nooks
bloom the .orange and the lemon, the i
wf it-:-:
" O, , ' - t ' i
asalfea and the rose. Knowest thou
the land where the myrtle grows, where
the spicy breezes of sll kinds blow? It
is these nooks along the Riviera. It
has cost fortunes to carry water to
these -nooks and on to these ridges. But
the water is free. And all the nooks
are Tull of maghrTfcehf "hotels," ofcSm
fortable boarding houses, of villas to let
and of chambers to rent. The cities
are large, the towns are many, the pop.
ulp.tion is dense, and they have but one
harvest, which is gathered in the water.
It needs no reaping, threshing nor mar
keting. It comes In ready gold in the
potkets of at least 0,000,' tourists who
coma here yearly an spend money lav
ishly. The lemona . have no Juice; the
oranges cannot be eaten. . Birds and
bees may subsist on these spurs of the
Alps and goats manage to browse on the
herbage. That is all. The climate
produces tourista. end they pay the
landlord and the butcher fend the baker,
ard pay all well.
Amerloa's Stvlera Excels.
What an old, old, threadbare story!
And what is It all to us? "Ay, there's
the rub." What of It to us? Much
more than In any otber story I ever
heard. California may well boaet of 60..
000 carloads of oranges and lemons, of
Its millions of pounds of prunes and
raisins and its millions of gallons of
winer San Franeieco may be froud of
its commerce and the currency in its
banks. Oregon "may swell her big broad
breast over her apples and wheat crops
and the commerce of Portland. Wash
ington may make) as much noise as a
brass band on the) Fourth of July, or
when the insurgents hold a meeting,
about her apples and forests. The coast
snd its cities have more behind them
than has the Riviera, rich as old Italy
is. And Jt has Its Riviera more attrac
tive than the one I have tried to de
scribe, and one to produce more wealth
In the future than this one does in the
present From Santa Crua to San Diego
there is twice the coast there is Tiere,
and in all respects capable of being
made more of. There i- not a mile
here to compare In natural endowments
with Half Moon Bay, Santa Cruz, Capl-
PEOPLE'S
AMUSEMENT
COMPANY
PRESENTING
Pictured Dramas
STAR THEATRE
The Home of Banner Photoplays
Fighting Blood, Indian War Story
Battlehymn of the Republic, Vita
graph production of Julia Ward
Howe's, famous poem.
Taming- the Shrew, a Shakespeare
comedy. "
Verdian Trio. Sineine selections
from the. operas of Prince of
, Pilscn and Atttla.
ARCADE THEATRE
A Convict's Courage, Heroism un
equalled.
Star Spangled Banner, appropriate
drama.
The . Little Rebel, Patriotism vs
- Love. ; t
Jean Wilson, popular baritone.
l " "
OH JOY THEATRE
HOUSE OF WESTERN HITS
Rescued In Time, .melodrama.
Passing of Dappled Fawn; Indian
feature. 1 - -,.. . :
The New, Editor, snappy comedy
Tin Mining, interesting. -
TIV0LI THEATRE
:.-ilit' Feature Extraordinary 'i . ,!
EJGHTING BLOOD!
Exactly as. presented at the
Star Theatre ' Vv,,. .v0'"
2-Otber Matchless Pictures 2
tola,". (San ' IJusL Obispo, Bants Barbara;
and on. to Santa Monica and still, down
to Ban Diego. North of 8an Francisco
and all around the great bay are nooks
as full of charm as Bart Remo or Ban
Rafael. - All up the coast through the
great woods ' on the Oregon along the
Kogue river.the same matchless attrac
tion lie as.' thick as blaiVberries. The
Rtviera has no summer' .trade, at all,
Tuget j Sound has fdiqW - in landscape
charm - than any-part of Itaty.ii Santa
Cruz and Santa Monica are; as good In
August as in January. , tJkt an orange
grove, they, bear fruit - all ' the year
around... ;--te;ts.;-f.i .;. ' :
1 Italy -has, 83,000,000 -population. . The
coast has '6,00.000.-. When California is
peopled like Italy It will have 50.000.000
people. i The coast will have as many as
all Europe has today, .The days -Are
here- atid more of them 'coming aSt
when the Pacific Riviera wilt compete
with ths Italian for the tourist trade of
the "world. I can look a little, ahead
when the coast .will be tb,e .'playground?
and the sanatorium of. the world, arid" 1
hope,' old a man an I' am, to se for
myself the day when the tourist crop
of .the coast will be counted by 150, poo
a year of more. - ' , .
NUMEROUS PLANS FOR '
...IDEAL SCHOOL OFFERED
., '" Slem Bkreui of The Journal. '.
. Salem, Or,4'July 1. The request pub
lished by Walter Pierce and other boost
ers of Hot Lake, Union county, for sug
gestive plans for the construction of'
model PttbJlc:. school bullding.-ircgardiees
of the cost, has, aroused general inter-.
Three NIfltitis - Beginning Tonight
POFTTLAB TV.ICH TOT kUTIHEB JULY 4. .
A Toy Will Be Oivsa to Every Child Under 13 Tears
7" , .
' ' "
f W J
7 ' :
j-
i ft. j
Evenlnss
Ix)wer floor ..$1.00. 75o
Balcony, 5 rows . . 75c
. Balcony, in rear 6
rows BOo
Gallery 35c. 25c
feats
KAXKISOB-QSET F IS ICE PBESXWTS
MRS.
I mil 5.-r 1 1.
C.f Saturday
DaU Matinee -
July
15.U.15
FIfSKE
and THE MAsTBCATTAV COMPA.HT in
"Mrs. BUMPSTE AD-LEIGH"
A Comedy 17 HABIT JAMES SMITH
-BlBMi. -JlIHtgJi'J'Li.
Announcement Extraordinary
HEILIG THEATRE
4 SSs00NS Beginning Next Thursday
: ; I
MU1IUN
PICTURES
SEE YOURSELF AS OTHERS SEE YOU
j 2:30 EVERY AFTERNOON
I Performance Continuous in Evening from 7:30
LOWER FLOOR, 25c BALCONY, 15c
IB
AKER
fl ft AND ELEVENTH STS. 'i! flff
JJ.y BIGGEST AND MOST COMFORTABLE -V
Vaudeville and Motion Picture
" r THEATRE IN THE CITY
ALL FIRST RUN PICTURES. HIGH CLASS ACTS
Continuous Performances, Starting Afternoons at 2 Evenings at 7:45
Admission 10c, all seats. Children tinder 10, Sc.
(wa
Unequaled
Week ''Commencing Monday Matinee, July 3
SPECIAL ENGAGEMENT
ITS
WOFtLD'S MOST NOTED MIMIC
DIRECT FROM HAMMERSTEIN'S, NEW YORK
ROSTOW
European Equilibrist
CLIFF DEAN & CO.
In "A BURGLAR'S . NERVE"
FOUR COOK SISTERS
'America's Famous Fetnale Four
Popular Prices-Matinee DailyCurtaiW 2 &0? J:30, 9 K)0
est ' throughout the state . and' a large
numbervof plana "has. j peon sent ,lnr to;
State i Superintendent .; , Alderman, ' , Mr.
Alderman will publish a pamphlet in
the-near future on' the subject of,publlo
school house architecture which it is
thought will haive an influence In pie-.
Venting mistakes and waste In. building)
the structures. One-of the central ideas I
in Superintendent Alderman's pamphlet
on this subject will be that, as far as
possible, upstairs rooms sttould be avoid
ed becaue of ' tho noise and also the
lighting. Modern, educators are advo
cating skylights wherever possible, he
says, so the light may bo made to fall
uniformly upon the pupils' desk from
the" rear and left. AH communications
regarding the model school have been
forwarded' to Mr,' pierce at Hot Lake.
REALEiTrUEACTIVE
. . IN WALLA' WALLA
- 1 i
Walla Walla. Wash., July 1. June;
was the : banner month in reni cstat i ,
transfers for the year, the total of
mortgages and" deeds recorded In tlie;
oflice of County ..Auditor, Jack ; W,
SWPasy amounting' to more than, two
and a quarter millions of dollars, about j
twice the amount of February, which ;
was the best preceding month. r
This makes the total deeds and mort- j
gages for the sis months $6,573,000.
Deeds for six months totaled $3,542,-'.
476, and 'mortgages $3,030,426. This is!
the first year that records have been i
kept, but Jt Is believed these sales are j
better, than ! but ycar'6. although prob-
ably not as good as those of 1009. j
TTi THEATRE
II . "PT" Seventh and Taylor
FERRIS HARTMAN
And His Superb Company
Tlie Toymaker
Music by Audran
A Xdttle Jonraay to ths Land of Hake-Believe
- - WITH
Walter De Leon
AND " '
-IVflss Mugglns'i Davles
Together with a
40-' Singing and Dancing Company 40
JTTX.T 4.
TOT MATIKEE.
Lower floor ....75c, 50c
Balcony
. . . BOc
Gallery
'.35c, 25c
Wow Selling for Engagement.
Prices
$2 to 50c
BEAT SAX.B .
Tuesday,
Julyllth
r
FOBTUND
ROSE
j- FESTIVAL
THEATRE
Vaudeville
SWEENEY and ROONEY
Dancers Eccentric
RAPPO SISTERS
. Russian Danseucs
PANTAGESCOPE
Latest Animated Events
lk
M,-L'.f -4i ;-rJf:
Beginning
Monday Matinee
Miss Grace Cameron I
" w - V New York FavpHte-Comic Opera Btar, ' - ,
CiERALD GRIFFIN & CO. FAY, 2 COLEYS & FAY!
In a Tabloid Version of Edward The Minstrels "From T'ncle Tonj to
Owing Towne s Comedy, "Other Peo- Vaudeville."
... . pie's Money." ; . . ' . . - ,y .
' J,m That Popular Duo '
CLIFFORD WALKER KELLY and KENT
A Humorous Musical Monologlat of . ... i '
International Reputation. Vaudeville Fin Makers.
'JVCl ORfHESTRA-PICTURE?
Speeial Added rsstm-e .-
- Lnte Feature with Rlngling Bros." Circus
THE LORCH FAMILY .
A Thrilling and Amasing Combination of Dancing. Acrobatics and Rlslev.
Evening Prices: 15c, 25c, SOc, 75c
DAH.T MATIHEE lBc. 360, 500. HOLPif KATITOB Bight grtees.
WekJuIy3
Mere s that Blackface "toll I V VAN The Minstrel Man. King of :t
Little Playmate, ' w w. All Burnt-Cork Comedians. '
Sweet Playing SpnB OUvotti Troubadours Of Sunny-Jtaly-
A Line of Chatter About Cheese.
BOB SAHDBSBO, AVD JAKES LI1
In "How to Make a Welsh Rarebit."
BPECXAXi Ueorg6 Roland and His Company of Players, Presenting
added "HOGAN IN SOCIETY
FEATTJBE Bert Leslie's Great Classic in Slang.
IVI
A.
T
N
E
E
TO
s ' 1111 1 111 ' 1 '. i
lTiLnioJ'iLiU 11
FIRST RUM
MOTION
Following hree 1000 Foot
"Laura Doone"
DRAMATIC
FEATURE FILM "THE
MADAME LOTTA ASHBY QTHICK
Dramatic Soprano
Will Sing
"BECAUSE" by D'Hardelot.
Prices 10c Any Seat 10c
AV0
'5th&WaSh. 11 Theatre
(CDailks FI M
Every Up-to-Date Park Attraction Now in Existence.
qMriT"ff KV!9!Jk
She Patrick Conway i
O
A
AND WORLD-FAMOUS
Band
Sunday
July 2
Most Expensive Band in America
"Highest of all in-public : ,
favor.'-Chicao Tribune ,
FESTIVAL OF MUSIC
Engagement Extraordinary " t 5
Other Featores
t Ostrich Farm"
Delight of Trail"' '
' 12 Acres of Amusement
112 : Acres; of Comfort
Follow the .Crowd.;
Jr:
1FC
Cars First and Alder Launches Morrison Street Dridr
Ptoses Mai' k K 1020 :
7TI 13 .Tr K M A 1 "V IA I V . fc , : V "V 9
i. t
ADVANCED'.4
VAUDEVILLE
YVeefc, Jnly,3d
FORMERLY TH EG R A N D
SULLIVAN & CONSIDINE
Late Sensation, the Follies Bergre
josxa o'acxEBS
Dainty Queen of the Silver Thread.
D
A
I
L
Y
if
II COMFORTABLE
w Park and Washington
FILMS CHANGE EVERY
SUNDAY AND WEDNESDAY I
PICTURES
Films Run Until Wednesday.
wSecuringsEvidencew
COMEDY
ORPHAN" DRAMATIC
- Senorita Rosales , !
Harpist i
Will Play ' -"SPRING
SONG" by Gounod
Box Seats With OP Cl-
I Private Entrance. "w CUW,
Films Change Sun. and Wed,
DORQTHY BUSCHER-Sprano ;
ULA1JYXS MUtBKK viounist ...
O
A
K
Engagement
Limited
IP
Inforaatlon
Children 5c
Under Six wr;. .Fre,
Pupiht Of ; .the ' Public'
Schools under-12 Free
Saturday ; aftfnoo.ns..
5c . carfare . from iny"
f part of the ctt,'',
THEATRE
1
. 't 11 V..L .I' . . I
1-
XV, t::