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About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 8, 1911)
THE JOURNAL JTL INDEPENDENT NKW8PAPEH. C. B. JACKSON rnbltoh Fubllahed Tery wdId( (iept Snadar) and rrrry Bnndny morn In? it Tbe Journal Build ing. Flftii ana VaiublU itrccts. Portland. , Or. Dn red (t thr poatofflc t Portland, Or., ror traiMmlaalogr through tlx nail at tecood-claaa natlrr. ''.. SELifiPHOKES Mala, TITS; Rom. A-40S1. AH department! reached bj th nnnibwa. Trll tba operator what department 701 want. rOKIION ADVERTISIJta BEi IlESENTATTVE, . Benjamin A Kentoor Oo., Braoawtek Building. 125 Fifth awiu, New Xurk; 10OT-08 Buyct Baliainf, Cblcufo. ; A y-: . - . Sabacriptioa Tra hr nail or to any addm la tht Dnlud Bute, caaada or Mexico; EAILT. ,-.L-;- v. ta rar.,,..;.,fS.oo I one month.......! .BO .:..; SrWDAt. Oot year... ..,..2.80 I On Booth. ......f .29 - DAILT AND SUNDAY. , On Mr... 7.50 I On month.......! .63 53 No thought is beautiful which Is not Just and no thought can J Just that la not founded on truth Joseph Addison. PASSING WIFTLY AND silently," the plo- .: neers are passing. Another Is V missing from the roll call in the passing of Mrs. Martha Avery, whose death occurred in Portland this week. 1 She was of the typeof brave 'women who helped to tame thewll- derness of the Willamette. She ! 'came over the 2000 mile stretch of , plains and; joined 'her husband in Oregon when the tepee and the wig wam of the Indian were almost the only sign of human habitation. The warwhoop of the savage and tho howl of the prairie wolf were dismal notes '"along the toilsome Journey. The sir months' of travel were a story of. privation, peril and strog- gle. It was a task to daunt stout hearts and to stay the hand of niiman. Anrf aaviv - - . '. It was only brave men and wo manly women that set their faces westward and took up the long Jour ney to the Oregon country, the Oregon rolled then and "knew no sound save its own dashings." The .Willamette was a vast, wild valley waving with grass as high as a man's head, and echoing to the call of the cougar, the yelp of tho coyote and iua.cn.ruio ui ma hiuts uiius. 1110 beautiful rivef rolled onward to the sea and passed scarcely a dozen habitations of pale faces in its en tire course. Survival waB a problem of strug- gle with the wild. The telegraph was but then invented, and the tele : phone was undreamed of. There was no state or territorial govern ment and the region was stfll de- nat&uie lana between the ' united -States and Great Britain. The woodman's- axe was almost -the 'only tool and. the settler's rifle - a chief food provider, The rude log cabin with its one or-4wo rooms and open fire where iron kettle swung were the shelter and castle. Boiled wheat and venison were often the only food on the settler's dining table. ' "' It was but of an era and a civil ization like this that the pioneers of the 'forties came. Their survival was by dint of their own strong hands. and stout hearts. They knew a life that we of 1911 Tittle realize. The forests, the uninhabited valleys, the mountains, the skies, the, wild animals and the doubtful Indians were their companions. , With infinite patience and a never failing courage, they toiled and spun,-, Their world was a, little wild world s of iita own, thousands of miles removed from civilization and the bie suridnz world of which we of this age, are a part. Gentle women tolled at their tasks while hardy men went about their callings with ; the rude Implements of the time.. It was a life dating almost ' back to the primitive types when' civ ilization was yet unknown. ' . '. And from that pioneer time there was . handed down to us aged men and women of purity, gentleness and exaltation. No lives are more sanc tified, nor souls more serene. As they wrap the drapery of the couch about them and lie down to pleasant dreams,. It is the passing of the Just to a sweet reward. THE MATTER WITH US 'i MONO PEOPLE wh hv htem A recently discussing the high cost of living Is Edward S. RosBlter, In the Atlantic Monthly. He claims to have discov ered that , people are increasing faster than food products. Notwith standing some indications of race Bulclde. oeoDle are increaine fnsror than pigs, potatoes or prunes. A ' In the decade 1890-1 9 Ou our pop ulation increased about 13.000,000, and in the decade 1900-1910 15.- 000,000. In the former decade cat- tlA faflKnaiAll fn.m Kf At 4 A AAA A. 62,489,000. To have kept pace with the growth of people cattle should .have lncreasedf during the past ten yeara by 17.200,000. While hpman beings increased 20.7 per pent, ani miila on which they partly subsist decreased 9 . per cent. TfNs may jhu ny KAyiMu me existence or tne beef trust. Mr, Rosgiter finds that there are about , 40,000,000 more gwine on American farms than 40 years ago, but this Increase has not kept pace with that of, people.' He cays: "in 1850 there were 1309 hogs to each 1000 : inhabitants; in 1S80 there were 995 In 1900 there were 837. In 1850 there were 924 sheep to each 1000 inhabitants;: in 1900 but 5 2 5-.JI li SS 1L 1 haJieuBj&Ii !UPSejftkhe-jnaiorityof thnUTotlng-xlasa in eggs for cactr inhabitant. Tojnain tain that ratio, such has been the in frease of population that this year, ucui juubi,8 urn mying; s&i,vvv, THE !000 dozen more eggs than they laid In 1899." He goes into similar details with regard to milk, butter, potatoes, and other foodstuffs, showing that their production has not Increased In the same ratio as population. He finds that the number of males engaged In agriculture in 11 north Atlantic states decreased 2.7 per cent in the decade from 1890 to 1900; farmers in the middle west group comprising Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Michigan,, increased -only a little more than 6 per cent, although the population of the group Increased 19.8 per cent. And the thirteenth census, so far as announced, shows actual decreases or , small increases in agricultural population. The figures are employedtyln an effort to show that the combinations and trusts are not solely responsible for the high life cost. They are of little value for the purpose in that furniture, window glass, tinware, steel products,, "clothing and the thousand other life necessities not produced on the farm are even more inflated in price than are farm pro ducts. The argument Is further weakened bythe recent investiga tions by the department of agricul ture which showed in many in stances that the farmer la getting less than half the price that the con sumer pays for farm products, the other half going to the middleman for distribution. . The chief value of the figures is that they show the farm Is going to be more and ' more inviting as a source of livelihood. They establish clearly that the real need -of the country Is for more pigs, prunes and potatoes, and not more peddlers, pol iticians and plutocrats. NEWSPAPERS AND PRINTING PUBLIC T HB JOURNAL is opposed to craft in any form or under anv u!se. It believes that graft by a newspaper Is as culpable as graft by a professional. For this policy, Its publisher has been criti cized, When a newspaper renders adver tising service to the state it should receive as much compensation as it charges the buslnesB public, and - no more. Time was in this region when it was the vogue for a sheriff to pay his organ extortionate prices for the publica tion of delinquent tax lists and sheriff's sales. The law fixed no limit and the cost was laid on for all and sometimes more than the traffic would bear. In one county in Washington the charge for a de linquent tax list was $2500 and the amount Of the delinquent taxes $800, or less than one third the newspa per fee. It was graft. rne relation Between the, news' papers and any ' legalized public printing should be on a strictly busi ness basis. Several ,of the measures proposed by the upstate publishers are worthy of adoption, but the law should fix the rate on a business basis, and provide against holdups of the public or the state by secret agreement of rival publishers. The United States government has its Sherman anti-trust law based on ex actly this principle. The United States also requires publishers, for publication of government advertis ing, to make oath that the charge is not greater than that exacted of the business public. To hold these views is not an of fense against the public or the pub Ushers. When a publisher accepts more for publio printing than the service Is worth: his paper becomes an organ, and ceases to be an inde pendent and " celf-rellant business concern. Happily the newspapers of Oregon as a rule are self-respecting, self-sustaining and deserving busi ness establishments. s BRIBERY AND CORRUPTION I N THE INTERVIEW with Wood row Wilson published in The Journal some weeks ago, In the early stage of his candidature for the governorship of New Jersey, he dealt in detail with the real as pects of the disclosures of graft and corruption that tainted .the munici palities of the union from east to west. '"' He made it very plain that the willingness of the nation to submit to the painful surgery of these trials and Inquiries was the best proof that the people were ' sound at heart. They meant that these flagrant evils should be stopped, and tin reality eliminated, be the cost to the com munities affected what it might. , So the good work goes on with out haste, without rest. And the guilty, tremble lest their turn come when their evil deeds shaii come to light. The use and the apportion ment of nenaltlea aeralnst ths Hminaia i now iattr nt mih. lie and general comment. In study ing remedies for other offences against the body politic the problem comes for settlement, how ' shall punishment be so meted out that further offences shall be. not only dangerous to the culprit, but un profitable, and contemptible? ; "s And the aim is to fit the punish ment tp the crime. y; ;..".; .So far fines and imprisonment are the solution added to the stigma of publicity and the approbrium' that inevitably marks these..' offenders against the communities of which they form part and the still higher crime of defaming: and defacing the good name of the? nation in the world at large.. A V : . ' '.;? i'(V: Naturally it is impossible to Bend a considerable city to Jail, however highly they deserve ' it.-, 'In a' case l.Ike the Ohio county ' now ln full view It seems that the iplrlt of OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL, PORTLAND, SUNDAY bribery and corruption had Infected the entire community. Otherwise it is unimaginable that, so large i proportion should have fallen vie Urns to the temptation. , Under the effective corrupt prac tices act in England,' and, Its various amendments, punishment has been inflicted on the infected community by disfranchising every one xf the Voters for a term of years. This in addition to disfranchisement , for seven years, fineB and imprisonment awarded to those found guilty o' either offering or receiving brlbeu for votes.- ;: v ,:v::-t-:; -:;f TITE UPRISING OP TIIE CAN ADIAN FARMER T THIS TIME a deputation Of farmers from western Canada, '500 strong, are in Ottawa, the seat of Canadian government. to present and press , their . de mands, which are condensed as fol lows: . '-v ' 1 A reduction of the tariff, spe cially on agricultural implements Im ported. T , , ;. t Government ownership - of wheat elevators at terminal railroad points.' ; - ' 8 Government ownership , of the proposed Hudson Bay railway. 4 Government aid to establishing a "chilled," or cold storage beef in dustry in the west. ','v0 The manufacturers anl importers of Ontario and eastern Canada gen erally are up in arms to defeat their plans specially the" reduction "bf the tariff. Since the balance of power in the dominion is being rapidly shifted from the east to the west the fight is more equal than at first sight ap pears. .. .. The chances Beem to be that the farmers will carry the second, third and fourth of their points, provided the tariff is left untouched. The railroad to Hudson's Bay will bring the English wheat market much Closer to the newjy broken prairies of the west. The government ele vators wllMneet the evils of the sys tem of privately owned elevators, which are said to stand in the way of a square deal for the western farmer, In getting his crops to mar ket, the provision of cold storage plants for the cattle and sheep of the west is, probably, too large a proposition for the widely scattered communities along the Immense mileage of the Canadian railways, to undertake unaided. These three demands for govern mental aid and expenditures empha size the new movement to enlarge the paternal functions of the govern ment, which has, in New Zealand, been tarried to what most of us con sider extremes. . WHY ? HibUKKN of Portland are I drinking the milk from BOO Vj cows that are rotten with con sumption. Dr. Herbert 811 verwood, city milk inspector. The city, through its charter, has ample powers to protect the people of Portland against milk from unclean dairies or diseased cows. r City Attorney Grant. Why, then, doesn't the city, use its powers? The city charter has been in existence these, many years, and city health boards, city attor neys, and city councils have been created to know what those powers are and to apply them. A city health officer draws salary for the sole purpose of protecting the the health of Portland people. The present city health officer is on record as officially declaring that "not an ounce" of milk from tuber culous cows should be permitted to be sold In Portland. Dr. Sllverwood says the milk from 500 cows "rot ten with consumption" Is being Bold In Portland. It is several weeks since the for mer pure milk ordinance was de clared void. How many more weeka will It be befdre another will bo provided and applied?- Are public officials seriously concerned with this matter, or has the whole force lapsed into a state of masterly in activity? Is a salary a salary, or only a snap? OREGON SHEEP AGAINST THE WORLD THE OREGON bred and reared Cotswold sheep entered at the Midwinter Sheep show of the National Wool Growers' con vention, just drawing to a close in this city, by Fred A. Koser of Rick real, Polk county, are declared win ners against the prize winners at the Royal Sheep show of Great Britain. . Comment is not needed. The facts speak for themselves. Cotswold are a purely British breed. Originating in Leicestershire, a central English county,: they have through many generations been care fully bred, both for mutton and for their long wool, and have held their own against all competitors, until their champions bring them to Oregon, Then they are , beaten in Open contest, according to Judgments given, and on appeal confirmed, and the first award goes to Willamette valley sheep, developed to the high est pitch of excellence, also through several generations, by a Willamette valley farmer. V- , The owner of the prize winners at the English show, admitting his defeat, lays its cause largely to the credit of soil, climate, , and. condi tions In the Willamette valley.,. The other celebrated lonsr wooled sheep is the Lincoln. Out of 22 ward those- for-the-ThampioTT'ewe;' me nrst ror the best flock, first for the. best; four lambs; first for the best four v lambs by one . ram, first and second for the best ewe 1 year and under 2, first for the best ewe 2 yeara and over, second for the, best ram lamb, and second for the j best ram 2 years and over, all went to Hawley & Sons of M;Coy, in the Willamette valley. While the first and third awards for the best ram Iamb, the second for the best ram 1 year old and under 2, second for the best pen Of four lambs get of One ram, second for the best four lambs, and the third for the best flock, all went to Riddell ' & Sons of k Mon mouth, in the Willamette valley. John B. Stump, also of Monmouth, received three third awards, in the various classes, and -this against the best exhibits that Wisconsin and Idaho could show. . - . It is to be noted, by those fearful that the farm is losing its attrac tions for . the growing Leneration, that the sons of Hawley and the sons of Riddell share the honors of their fathers and carry on their tra ditions. " . ' ,;. . V ,i. ' : '' i ; Only a few weeks back we had the-testimony of Professor Shaw, the leading expert on the dairy industry, that this state was adapted by na ture to be the greatest dairy country. Now comes the direct proof of su premacy in farm, Bheep, as distin guished from range Bheep. j ; Here are unpaid advertisements for Oregon la general and , the Wil lamette valley in particular that will be. quoted the world over. 3i CONTINUING" ARMAMENTS r HE HEAVIEST burden on all civilized nations, under which all are staggering at the open ing of this new year, is that of making and. keeping ready for wars which indefinitely threaten,' but which all fear and strive to avoid. Both hemispheres are more or less overhung by the same cloud. Perhaps the fcreateBt responsibility of statesmen lies In quieting the Jealousies of nations, by agreements and understandings which shall re move or allay whatever causes of dispute exist or threaten to disturb the common peace. Germany and England are at once the greatest culprits and the great est sufferers, by force of that most dangerous maxim, if ye seek peace prepare for war. At last there are indications that these two civilized nations have grasped the truth that armaments, costing many millions, and kept at balance by continuous and ever in creasing outlay, are a provocation to war no less than hindrances to 'the progress of the peoples in the arts and industries of peace. It Is no secret that the late King Edward, the peace maker, .used all his power and Influence to find means for stopping the mad race. Germany could not, in his life time see her way toan agreement. With in the last two monthB, however, the responsible statesmen In both na trons have taken np the taBk. - When possible causes for war have been made to disappear it is but reasonable to expect that prepara tions for war may be called to a halt, in spite of reckless provoca tions in the yellow press of London and Berlin. - - The commercial rivalry ef the two nations will proceed it will be al ways with them. But Its weapons are bank credits and enlarged fac tories and more steamship lines. In defining and limiting the spheres of their privileged activities states men take up a great and fertile work. . It is in this field that the very recent declarations of the Eng lish prime minister and the German chancellor show good promise of a near settlement of pending ques tions between the two commercial nations, and others following their lead. Their spheres of influence lu Africa have been defined. America is guarded by the Monroe doctrine. The near east of Asia and the far east remain. Germany has sought to construct the Bagdad railway through to the Persian futf, so opening a wide and undeveloped sphere for her com merce and finance. England has steadily opposed her progress, and successfully so far. But indications are now plain that peaceable -arrangements are under consideration by which Germany can gain her end without injury to British interests, j If in coming to agreement differ ences endanger harmony the Hague tribunal, strengthened by Andrew Carnegie's splendid gift, may, and probably will, be called on to exer- j else its functions of peaceful arbi tration. If this be the happy end It will be tar reaching testimony to the growth of the peace spirit among the nations. If the agreement between Ger many and Russia on the Bagdad railway, just reported In an English paper, is confirmed, the belief is strengthened that the three .nations have arrived at an understanding on one of the most threatening ques tions etlll existing. It Is stated that $35,000,000 a year is spent in New York City for charity;, that there are 671 societies for the relief of the poor in thejr homes, 389 Institutions to relieve the sick, 3 9 3' for social work, 132 fpr the .relief of children. . All this' work Is commendable, but could not so ciety. Bomebow. prevent much if not most ot tIs poverty and consequent suffering, or do something to obvi ate the causes? - ' ji :- ".' Tomorrow, occurs the ' biennial event 'of interest to .many - people, the assembling of the legislature. Its prqeeedings will be watched with close attention bTtens thousandt! of Interested' Oregonpeople." Good for the" Democratic legisla ture of Ohio, which will nqt follow the "horrible example" of the 4ast '. MORNING, JANUARY 8, Democratic legislature of that atate which elected Calvin S. Brlce to the senate. The new senator, Atlee I Pomerene, is not a man of national reputation as yet, but nothing sea dalous or auspicious has been re ported of him. Ohio is to be con gratulated orf getting rid of little During ,J1 910 employers' " liability commissions were created by the legislatures of Massachusetts, New jersey, Ohio and Illinois, as wen as by the federal government. Similar legislation will doubtless he passed in other states this year. ... : All Oregon should take pleasure and pride in helping Astoria cere brate its centennial this year, Though 100 years old Astoria is a lively town yet, , - Here it is January 8, and no frost yet Send . the climate news back east, though . this is nothing very unusual for Oregon. . - , Oregon has also produced the best ram. Oregon products of whatever kind f usually take , first prizes. i - Ever since Mary had a little lamb the Bheep, has been a lovable animal and qf great .value to humanity. ' Portland made a great record in 1910, but will make a bigger one in 1911. Perhaps it might be well also to attend the January sales early. ' ', Roosevelt may yet become cele brated for silence. Now, Salem becomes -conspicuous In the date lines. WhatI Has Peary got to prove it some more? Lake's Theories. Luke Fergus claimed that theery wui th DasiB o' success, He said without, a 'theery that all work wui just a guess. Luke theorized on farmln', an his thee- rles sounded rleht His netgrbors : kep on plowln' in th' fields from morn till nlsrht Luke never rot no harvest, seemed like nothtn1 tried to crow. An' so ha give up farmln' still believed nis tneery tnougn. Then he got up a theery how th goV- ment ougnt to run An' got to makln' speeches called hla- self Th' Favorite Bon." Th' folks 'u'd come an' listen, an' by Jinks! thev lected him! But when he tried his theerles, why, his luck wui mighty slim. Th' gov-ment's still a-runnln' In Its fee ble old-time way. But Luke declares his theery oould be worxa so u u a pay. Luke thinks a lot o musiean' he start ed out law spring To teach th' folks his theery o th.' prop er way to sing. Well, sir, he wus convlncin but one day he cleared his throat An then begun to warble, an" he couldn't strike & note! His slngin' school was ended, but he claims that he wui right Becua his theery proves that he could sing wim main an' mignt. i He made another theery Just a week or so ago; He flggered out a airship that u'd flut ter to an' fro - Accord) n' to his theery. An he started out to fly. Th theery went to pieces fore Luke Fergua got too high. His broken leg is knittin' an' hers theerisin' yet An' tellin' all th' doctors how a frac ture should be set! . W. D. Nesblt ' Trade In Abode of "400." From the New York Tribune. Trade, driven by the needs of a rapid ly growing world city, has won at last. It Is a question of only a few more years when the Fifth avenue of a quarter of a century ago will be only a stately mem ory in th minds of those New Yorkers who have reached middles age. The coaching parade, the Easter pa rade, the Sunday afternoon stroll, the dally procession of equipages to and from the park,, all these are already things of the past New York has lost the most Interesting of its street spec tacles, and has been unable thus far to feplacs It. The new Fifth avenue, stretching Its palaces along the park. Is still too new, too remote, too unfamiliar. , It Is far more beautiful, but It yet lacks the traditions of the old. Perhaps the younger generation, which- never know the attractions of the favorite promenade of their elders, will learn to regard and to cherish the new with the same measure of interest Then Fifth avenue ran, an unbroken line, stately in the very monotony of Its brown stone fronts, from Washington square to central park. Down there, at Its very beginning, i few of the fine old mansions still stand in restful dignity, but who knows how long it will be be fore they, too, surrender? Some of the social landmarks of ear lier days still remain Just above them, but fallen from their high estate, the SEVEN LITERARY PRISONERS John It seems hardly credible that a book which today is recognized as a re ligious classic, and which, next to the Bible, has been more translated than any other book, should have been writ .ten In JalL It was In the confines of the grim walls of the prison at Bed ford, England, in which John Bunyan was incarcerated for 12 years, that h wrote his Immortal "Pilgrim's Pro gress." And equally remarkable was this composition, when the life of the author la considered. Natural It was that a work so. pro duced should for a' long time attract little attention outside of the humbler, classes for whom it was really Intended. Bunyan was one" of their number. It was slow to reach the polite circles, Who esteem a written work for Its in tellectual quality; its literary, flavor. Its early vogue was entirely among the poor, the obscure, the unliterary. It was the soul of the converted tinker Speaking from the Bedford Jail to an audience whose welfare he had at heart, and with whom, he thoroughly sympa thized. It was written for them by an unliterary man whose trade plaoed him among , the lowliest In the days of Bunyaa a tinker was often no better than a vagrant a light-handed pilferer whose wandering habits lifted him but little above the gypsies whom the good English yeomen despised; t " Early in life Bunyan became fearful lytortnred by vesnorsr f or-htTOuthful ' sins. But at length the clouds broke, and from the depths of despair the pen itent passed to a state of serious fella-' lty. . An irresistible Impulse now urged him to impart to others the . blessing i of whloh he was himself possessed. He i 1311. names of their eratwhlle owners still remembered only by old New Yorkers. , Towering business buildings have oblit- ; erated the names of most of them from j there up to .Twenty-third street, and In passing one remembers the names of clubs that long since moved northward. Above Madison square the transforma tion has been even more radical and rapid. The Inevitable goal and limit the Plaza, is now In sight But while New York has lost its old favorite avenue of fashion and wealth; with an Individual lty and associations all Its own, the city is gaining Instead a wide, magnificent equivalent of the Rue da la Palx ad Bond street a shopping thoroughfare that in course of time will no doubt achieve a reputation and an individuality of Us own that will make It a magnet as powerful to lure the visitor from out of town with Its show . windows and Us wares.' ;;...v A Reactionary Intrigue''. From the Medford Mail-Tribune. In order to discredit Senators' Bourne and Chamberlain because they are pop ular choice senators, tho Oregonlan and other reactionary organs are engaged In a campaign of - mlsrepreaenttlon . and abuse, w They would shift th blame of President Taft's neglect of Oregon in th distribution of the reclamation fund from the shoulders of the president, a tandpat senate and house, to'tha Ore gon senators, Facts in the case, known for months, are as follow a: The senate passed i bill setting aside $30,000,000 for recla mation, 61 per cent of the funds derived from sele of. publio lands to be expended in tne state where the sales were made. The house, without protest front either Representatives Kills or Hawley, out down the sum to J20,000.000, and elimi nated the clause requiring the land sals proceeds to be spent in the state making the sales. ", In the closing days of tha session the house bill went back to the senate finance committee, and Chairman Lodge reported back to the senate that with exception of cutting tha fund to 120,000,000 and placing the projects un der army supervision, the bill was un changed, and upon the statement the bill was passed. . Representatives Hawley ana Salts should have notified th Oregon sena tors or the change made, and tha Ore gon senators should not have taken Lodge's word for It, but In tha rush of the closing hours of congress many measures are rallroaded'through. Even If objection had been made. It Is doubt ful tf It would have prevented the pas sage or tne bin. . Boy Bconts. From the Philadelphia Press. The "National Hoy Scouts" is an or ganization comprising - hundreds of thousands of the young men of th world, united for the development of the spirit so dominant In the nature, of each boy, calling out the best in. him for th growth if what has been termed the four M's morals, manhood, mind and muscle. This Is done by appealing to the na tural Instinct existent In all boys for an outdoor life and the Intuitive Inclina tion "to do things." Its spirit, as de veloped In this country, is not military. Its aim is to bring out boys' natural manliness, teach them to look after themselves and to give them the bene fit of fresh air, exercise and tha study of nature. Before a member of the organisa tion can become a "first class' scout it Is necessary that he should be able to accomplish suoh things as to tie cer' tain knots correctly, track animals, know how to lay and light an open fire, using not more than two matches, to do a certain amount of cooking in telligently, to render first aid In case of Injury and tV understand many other practical and valuable measures that may be needful in outdoor life. General Baden-Powell, affectionately known throughout Great Britain as "B P," is at the head of tha organization in that country and Is most efficient in instilling Into the boys the teaching that makes them good scouts and keen observers arid will develop them Into efficient, chivalrous and self-reliant men. Primary in Bible Times. From the New York Herald. . That the primary election is not a new Institution and that it is Just in the election of church Officials, as well as Of state officials, is the view of Rev. Graves, pastor of the Calvary Baptist church in Des Moines. In conformity with this opinion Mr. Graves has an nounced a primary election in bis church for the purpose of selecting nominees for churchr offices. ; The election will be held in "January. - "There Is nothing new in politics any more than In anything else," declares Mr. Graves. "Tha apostles in selecting a successor to Judas named two candi dates, Joseph and Matthias, and then they cast lots and th latUr was choaen. "The last four verses of the first chapter in Acts Is .ray proof that the modern primary had Its origin In the Bible. . Relative to. the successor of Ju das the four verses read: "'And they appointed two, Joseph called Barsabas, who was ejirnamed Jus tus, and Matthias. And they prayed and said, Thou, Lord, which knowest. the hearts of all men, show whether of these two thou hast chosen. And they gave forth their lots; and the lot fell upon Matthias; and he was-numbered with the 11 apostles.' "That was Just as truly , primary as coma oe. "me ii nrst cnose two can didates and then elected one.-1 will fol low1 this plan in my church primaries." Banyan, Joined the Baptists and became a preaoher and a writer. His . education had been that of a mechanic, yet his native force and genius, and his experi mental knowledge of all the religious passions, from despair to ecstaey, amply supplied In him the want of learning. It may be doubted whether any Eng lish dissenter had suffered mora severe ly under the penal laws than John Liunyan. But In spite of persecutions, he kept nobly on with the work that he deemed hj was called upon to per form. It was bften necessary for him' to disguise himself as a carter In order to preach undisturbed, and not infre quently he was introduced into meet ings through back doors, with a smock frock on his back and a whip In his hand, To -a man who had suffered these things, the disgusting Jail pen, Into whloh the zealous authorities of Bed ford flung him in 1660 for unlawfully preaching and praying in the streets, had ..few a. terrors. WhllO hie fingers were busy making shoe laces for his wife and blind daughter to sell in the streets to keep the famUyr his mind was occupied' with the Images of the wonderful allegory which was to mako bis name immortal. ;. ;- -x: ;-v ' "Pilgrim's Progress",- was published m 178, shortly after Its - author emerged from his Ml- years' Imprison ment and. although attracting no notice at the time of Its appearance. It pushed ttg'way-closer" and closer Into the hearts of . the community, and today it is classed as worthy a place among the hundred, best books this - allegory written -in a prison by a tinker, , Tomorrow Cervant? ," i ,. News Forecast of Week Washington,, Jan, 7. The Interstate commerce commission will begin th hearing Monday of arguments In regard to the proposed ' advance in railroad rates, thus bringing to a close the most Important publio investigation of rail road business methods and conditions that tha country has even known. . The hearing of the arguments is expected to occupy the ntlre week. VThe. case of the eastern roads will be argued f lrit "., A conference of the steel manufact urers of the United States will meet In New York Monday to discuss prices and steel conditions. Whether, concerted action will be taken looking toward a readjustment of prices downward for the purpose of reviving the slackening demand in the steel trade, la not known. i wo criminal cases - in wnicn women are the defendants and both of which have attracted wide attention are sched uled for trial. In Newark, N. J., Mrs. Caroline B. Martin is to ba tried for tho alleged murder of her daughter, Mrs. Ocey W. M. Snead, whose body was found In a bathtub In East Orange, In November, 1909. At Wheeling, W. Vs., Mrs. Laura Farnsworth 8chenk Is" to be tried on a charge of attempting to poison her husband, a wealthy packer, In the United states circuit court at Trenton, N. J., a hearing will ba had on the extradition proceedings instituted in the case of Porter Charlton,' whom the Italian government la seeking to have returned to Italy to stand trial for 'the murder of his American wife at Lake Como last year. ? The 26,000-ton battleship Arkansas, one of tha largest warships In the world will be, launched Saturday from tha yards of her builders, the ' New York Shipbuilding company, at Camden, N. J. Tne legislatures win begin tneir ses sions in Arkansas, Texas, Alabama, Wis consin, Washington, Oregon, South Car olina. Iowa, New Jersey, Kansas and several other states. a ' -Important developments are expected during the week in relation to the sen atorial conteats in New Jersey, Rhode Island. Massachusetts. New York. Iowa. Ohio, and one or two otner states. in Oregon, Oklahoma ana several otn er states the new governors will be In ducted into office. In Florida, for the fifth time within two years, a state-wide Democratic pri mary will be held Tuesday for the se lection of a United States senator, Sen ator Taliaferro, whose term; Is about to expire, is not a candidate ror reelec tion. The three candidates are W. A. mount, or rensacoia, ana jonn r. Stockton and W. P. Bryan of Jackson ville. Tha proceedings of. congress, the ro-. assembling of th Dominion parliament after th holiday recess, th meeting of th British Columbia legislature, tho first national convention of women vot ers, to be held at Tacoma; the meeting of the National Tariff Commission as sociation In Washington, with President Tsrft as a speaker the annual meeting of the National Civic Federation In New York cltv. at which an imnortant report on proposed legislation for workmen's compensation wUl ba presented, and tho convention of the National League cf Commission Merchants in Minneapolis are among other matters that will re ceive attention in the news of the week. Social Secretary of State. From the Washington Star. While the president of the United States enjoys his social secretary and Mrs. Taft has her "boudoir cabinet" coterie of Washington's fashionable women who help the first lady of the land to arrange her social program, and very government of any consequence in the world employs one personage of rank as a social secretary, our state de partment la fully equipped along simi lar lines and Is capable of discharging practically th same medium. If one goes to the great gnm-iooxing building and asks for the social secre tary ho will In all likelihood bo told that no such person exists, never had existed and never will. But a short time spent with heads. of tho various departments and bureaus will convince one that the social amenities are car ried out with all due regard In tha matter of precedence and other multi tudinous details that mean much when taken Into consideration that the state department is the most punctilious arm or tne government- service, .uipiomais must be known: their rank must be shown veryv courtesy that one govern ment is expected to extend another's representatives. This trying task In all of Its forms is unaer.ino personal supervision or Chandler Hale, third assistant secre tary of state. Mr. Hale is the real so cial secretary. A New Business In Arkansas. 'From the Popular Magazine. , This la a story Theodore Roosevelt got from Opto Read. I was riding along a road in Arkansas on a hot summer day when I came across a man who was sitting on the end of a log in the broiling sun. Strange to say, he was shivering as if h were sitting on an Iceberg. Ha seemed on tha point of freezing to death. ' "Why do you sit in the sun?" I asked, very curious.' "It seems to me you'd hunt the snadf." "Can't get up ho fever," he replied laconically. "The chills is on me. I has chills for several hours. Then I has the fever. When the fever hits me, 'I hunts th shade." ' "How long have you had chills?" "Nigh en. to 10 years. You see, stranger, this is a chill country;" "why don't you move to some other state and get rid of the chills and fever?' I pursued. . . ' '"What would be the use?" ho asked simply.. I'd probably have to get used to some other sort of a disease. I'm used to these here chills now. Besides, I'd tiavs - to leamsome other trade; some new way of making a living. I dona shook so long new I ain't fit for nothing 'cept to ift meal and shako down persimmons." 1 - The Best Civic Beauty, r V; ' From the Ohio State Journal, What is civic beauty? Not the streets, - parks, fountains and publio buildings. .. "Handsome Is as handsome does" also applies to a city. , If a city be full o(f lawlessness, racket, noises, bickering, scandal, contention as is not the olty beautifui-it is the city ugly. Order is heaven's first law everywhere, and a city is no exception. . .; Letting things go helter-skelter is a losing business. Let a man deface his " own property and it depreciates ail prop- erty.- Let the city do an ill decs of ' Work, or permit another to flo It, and tne weirare or tne whole community Is weakened. Clvlj life Is the main thing. It is for that fine streets and structures are encouraged. -. The true civic life implies thin an that are positive purity, honor, cleanliness, decency, order, ouiet Behavior la th . first thing a City, aeeda.ta tsJta art ir it wants to guard Its own honor or . welfare. , . ' Respectability is not In money, houses nor lands it Is In conduct, and right conduct is a utility, an advantage to a community. When that is not rightly prised, a community is vary unfortunate.