The Oregon daily journal., June 21, 1909, Page 4, Image 4

THE OREGON DAILY JOURNAL; PORTLAND. MONDAY ' EVENING, JUNE 21, 1909.
i
IDRflMF TAX
IIIUVHIk I Iff 1
Elf I
Until-1894 Not Considered
Direct Tax Who Eespon
sible for Supreme Court
Reversal Bich Say Tax
Unjust in Principle.
. Honors- and emolumenti are
to b won by aviators Govern
4 jnents era eagerly bidding for a
solution 'of the problem of avla-
tlon at It relate to the airship
4 In war. The public has passed
4 from ridicule to admiration;
a from skepticism to unbounded
faith, Mr. Haakin In hi next
4 article will review facta accom
0, pliahed and pass on to discus
the future of the airship.
By FREDERIC J. IIASKJLW
' (Copyright 1809 by Frederic J. Haskln.)
Washing-ton, June 21. The refusal of
con trees, to date, to pass an Income tax
law. largely on the ground that it
would be a direct tax, serves to show
how legal opinion, as well aa. public
sentiment,' may change. For a hundred
,re the courts and congress proceeded
ion the theory that an Income tax was
'not direct tax or, more strictly
speaking, that taxes on land and capi
tation taxes were the only forms of
to the federal constitution, be appor
tioned among the various state in pro
portion to population. Twenty-one jus
' tices of the supreme court jhad taken
this view, directly or Indirectly, while
only nvs had held a contrary opinion.
Then came the fight on the income tax
. of the Cleveland administration. First,
the supreme court held that a tax on
' rent was a tax on real estate, and there
fore unconstitutional. ' Another case was
soon brought before the court m which
- It was contended that any sort oi
Income tax was unconstitutional. This
was the famous Pollock case, in which
the court stood four to four. Judge
Jackson of Tennessee being; 111 and un
able to, sit On a rehearing. Judge
Jackson took part and supported the
constitutionality of the law. But one
f the justices who had voted to uphold
the law at the first hearing, voted
against It on the rehearing, and in
SDite of Justice Jackson's arising from
: a sick bed to sustara the law. it was de
clared Unconstitutional by a majority of
one vote.
Was It Shiras That Changed f
The world at large, and even the most
careful writers, have always attributed
the change to Justice Bhtras or Fenn
svlvanla; but Senator Bailey Is au
thorlty for the statement that it was not
Shiras, but Horace Gray of Massa
chusetts, who voted to uphold the lew
In the first case and to declare It un
constitutional at the ' second hearing.
Justice Shiras never affirmed or denied
the charge that lie had ' changed his
mind. It being an unwritten law that no
Justice shall discuss outside the consul
tation chamber that which takes place
behind Its portals. If Senator Bailey is
correct concerning this matter, and he
eema to know whereof he speaks, this
furnishes a remarkable and unusual in
stance of widely disseminated informa
tion of an erroneous character. How
ever it may be, the fact remains that
the changing of a single mind served to
reverse precedents of 100 years.
Mrst Income Tax law.
The first income tax law enacted by
the American congress was that of
1861, known as the Stevens-MorrlU act.
Practically everybody acquiesced in it,
and as a part of a general emergency
revenue measure it was but little dis
cussed. The taw was repealed in 18!2,
and another substituted therefor. The
second law was amended several times.
The first year -of the Income tax law
the revenue derived from it was about
f 15,000,000. The next year it was 121.
rt0,000. During the fiscal year 1866-66
the Income tax revenue was 160,000.000
and the following year, $57,000,000.
Thereafter the line of exemption was
continually placed higher and the reve
nues from the ta declined to $27,000.
000 in 1870.
The agitation that led to the repeal
of the income tax law in 1870 was di
rected more against the excesslvenesa
of the tax than against its principle.
Fpeclal Commissioner Wells stated In
his report that an Income taT of S pe;
rent was higher ttian anv notion had
ever before levied - except In time of
great emergency. He advocated that the
rate De cut to a per cent and levied on
all Incomes above 11000. In 1879 the
law was amended so as to make the
exemption 82000, and tha rate SV per
cent., it was cy us own terms to re
main in force only one year. That
winter a bill waa introduced by Sena
tor Scott of Pennsylvania, the effect of
which was to repeal the income tax law
entirely. Senator John Sherman, after
ward secretary of the treasury and sec
retary of state, reported the bill ad
versely, A few- days later It waa con
sidered and passed by a majority of on
vote. - - ..
The matter was brought up in the)
nuu uy o. rcoujuiiun tjenying ma ngni
of the senate to originate Income tax
legislation, - ttanriau or Pennsylvania
made a noint of order aaainat the reso
lutlon, but Speaker Blaine held that It
was la order. The house adopted the
resolution, but the senate tenaciously
adhered to its course In spite of "the ac
lion or tne House, uotn houses ap
pointed conferees, but they were unab
to agree. Later a bill was offered In
the house to repeal the law. Consider'
tlon of this .measure waa refused by
majority of one vote. Just as one vote
nan passed the income tax measure in
the senate.
rir Direct Test of the Tax
From the beftlnninr of the govern
ment there Had been many cases decided
which Indirectly affirmed the constltu
tlonality of an lnoome tax. But the
first case in which that precise Question
arose was that of the Faclflo Insurance
company against Soule. Originally It
was not at au a case to test tne
validity of the Income tax law. The
suit grew out of the difference in the
value of gold and paper money. . The
Insurance company tendered 85376 a
the amount of Its income tax, the tender
being in paper money. The collector
refused this, declaring that It should be
In gold, or the equivalent of gold
f 7S66 In paper. It was on this issue
that the case went to tne supreme court.
The attorneys for the insurance com
pany raised every question that could be
raised among tnem m consiiiuuon
alitv of the law Itself. The court
answered this question by declaring that
n income tax is not a oireci tax. wu
Ham M- Evarts was the attorney gen
eral In this. suit.
Bow Spring Xost Hi Horn.
Several other decisions of a similar
nature followed this one. the most 1m
portant of which was the case of Wil-
era tic leader in the house of represen
tatives. HBTefused to pay his income
tax. declaring that the law was uncon
Btitutlonal. The government levied on
and sold his homestead, purchasing- It
ior Itspir at tne execution aaie, ana
then brought suit to eject Springer. On
this issue the case reached the supreme
court Springer prepared his own brief,
and fighting for his very hearthstone,
he is said to have brought in as nearly
comnlete presentation or his case as
ever was made of any case in the su
preme court Nevertheless, the court
neM that an Income tax was not a di
rect tax, and mat mererora it waa con
Btitutlonal.
Question Old as tba STatloa,
The whole controversy over what con
stitutes direct taxes began when the
constitution Itself was being framed. It
was in the course of that debate that
Rufus King asked his famous question:
"What are direct taxes?" We have the
word of Mr. Madison that the question
went unanswered. The school of polit
ical thought which holds that Income
taxes are included in the term direct
taxes makes much of this failure to an
swer Mr. King's question. The other
.school replies that it is doing violence to
reason to assume that the constitution
framers would put into that instrument
a phrase whose meaning they them
selves could not explain.
Carriage Tax Wot Direct.
The first case in which the supreme
court attempted to pass upon this ques
tion was the Hylton case, which grew
out of the carriage tax law passed by
congress In 1794. Madison had bitterly
opposed it, asserting that the bill could
be passed only by a combination of
those who were for it from principle
and those who were the opponents of
luxury. Alexander Hamilton and John
Marshall each had a part in arguing the
case. Madison went so far as to have
a letter of Udraund Pendleton s pub
lished In the hope that the court would
read it before rendering a decision. The
contention of Hamilton waa that a tax
on carriages could -not be apportioned,
that one state might have a hundred
and another a thousand, although hav
ing the same population. This would
force the people of one state to pay ten
times as much' on their carriages aa
those of the other. The court held that
the tax on carriages waa not a direct
tax.
GIVES REASONS WHY HIS
AIRSHIP WILL NAVIGATE
John J . Rekar, of This City, Hopes to Perfect Machine
That Has Puzzled Geniuses of All Nations
:si-;P'- " 'for Years. V VY':.,
fJllllffi GENIUS
10WIL TO Clllllfl
Patriotism Prompts Yuan
Shih Kia to Leave the ,Em
" pire f o Maintain Peace.
The ODDonents of an Income tax todav
declare that this tax on carriages was a
tax on the use of th csrrlages and not
'The further we travel,
the more truth we can
comprehend."
If you are going to the
A.-Y.-P. E. this sum
mer, you will need some
new togs, and perhaps a
traveling bag, suitcase,
'etc. We can supply
your wants in every de
CLOTHIERS
165-170 THIRD ST.
I
on the carriage itself. They make this
the crucial point of their argument. If
they can prove that it was on the use ct
the carriage and not upon the carriage
itself, they believe they have overcome
the conclusion of the court that a tax
upon personal property is not a direct
tax.
Income Tax Xilke Carriag Tax.
It is claimed bv the advocates of an
income tax that it Is not an apportion
ed tax. The population of the state
of New York is approximately six times
as great as that of Arkansas, yet the
aggregate of Incomes of New fork
above the limit of exemption Is at least
84 times as great as the aggregate of
taxable incomes of Arkansas. The re
sult would be that Arkansas would have
to pay 84 on its Incomes where New
fork paid $1, were the tax regarded as
direct and apportioned according to pop
ulation, jms is laeniicai witn Hamil
ton s claim with reference to the car
nag tax.
MaaachuJett Colony Began It,
The' first Income tax In the Vnltert
States wm levied by the Massachusetts
Bay colony in 1646. Since then many
states liave followed suit. From the
Declaration of Independence down-to
the present time about 100 state con
stitutions have been adopted. Thirteen
of these provided for taxation of in
comes. There are now 16 states In which
legislative provision has been made for
the collection of income taxes. In most
of these states the amounts collected
are woeruiiy out or proportion to the in
comes in the state.
It Is of particular Interest to note
that in the consideration of the income
tax laws of the civil war period there
was mtie or no opposition to an Income
tax on the ground that it was a direct
tax. The debates show that most of th
opposition to it was based on considera
tions of Its expediency. When the law
ceased to be operative it did so through
the provision of the last act. which set
forth that it should be effective for the
fiscal years 1870 and 1871 "and no
lonjier.
ne opponents or income taxes argue
that beyond the question of unconstitu
tionality, such taxation is inherently
uniust Thev assert that In the states
ii is me weaitny wno pay the taxes, and
inai weajm Dears unusual burdena To
una ir.e inruuj or me income tax re
ply that orviy 20 per cent of the personal
property of the rich, is assessed for tax
ation. Senator Borah recently empha
sized this point by declaring that 107
eyutes then in course of settlement In
a single "state showed values aggreeat
lng 8215.0v0.000, yet the total amount
upon which these estates had paid
MM 000 IleVer mounted w" mor than
"Birds kin fly and why calnt t"T Da
rius Green questioned- before, poise
on home made pinions he essayed to fly
from the roof of his father's barn and
succeeded in landing in the hospital.
So far as can be learned Darius fur
nished no inspiration for flight to Zep
pelin oc the Wright brothers, for 41jere
have been many like him desirous of
imitating tne flight of birds."
Comes now to Portland John 3. Rekar
down from the high peaks of California
mountains where he has been Inventing
Iivins macnine while the nnonla
thought' him a gold-mad miner. He seeks
to enlist in his enterprise the aid of lo
cal capital arid will make Portland his
home hereafter. Rekar was bom In Ger
many where he was educated. He 'says
that he was alwavs fascinated bv the
possibilities of flight and spent many
youthful hours conlecturlna how the
aerial-asoent might be accomplished..
l nave a riying machine under pro-
cess of construction now that combines
the good points of all th other suc
cessful inventors, and has besides its
own distinctive characteristics." said
Rekar talking of his invention at his
office in the Fenton building yesterday.
I propose. continued the inventor, "to
make aerial flight with heavler-than-air
machines a commercial asset of a mod
ern day. I propose to revolutionise the
war metnoas or tne twentieth century.
propose to make existence in the air
easier and .safer 'than life has . ever
been on the around.
Rekar made these statements culmlv
as other men talk of what thev win
order. fot- their dinner. . Into his eyes as
ne sdoko came a iook as tnouarn na were
already looking into the future with all
that ne hooes nls invention to accom.
piiso.
Machine Heavier Than Air.
The young German's flying machine
s so constructed that it will be always
heavier than air, no matter at what al
titude or what the condition of the air
may be. It has motor and lifting pro-
ellers, air planes and gas- reservoirs.
it Justifies tne inventors expecta
tions it will be possible to raise it bod
ily ffom the ground with the lifting
propellers, then keep It in motion with
the motor propellers, oaianotne ana
sustaining its flight with the air planes
and making sure of its safety by means
of the gas reservoirs. The young man
s confident that nis plan win worn out
Dracticallv and explains different meth
ods of construction so thoroughly and
so simply that his words bring con
viction that he will with proper equip
ment attain success,
Constructing an airship demands that
man know the essentials or zngnt.
Mini 1 1 c ua a i,t,iQiiLia,, . u, v"
and manv different kinds of a mechanic.
In order to make his plana better
understood Mr. Rekar gives the follow
lng detailed outline:.
Afplieetloa of Simple Forces.
"When the word airship is mentioned
the minds of the mass of people are
apt to at once revert to some great
mvsterv of construction or some new,
heretofore unknown and unsolved law
which the inventor alone has been able
fathom. Let me say nere tnat mere
no mvsterv or aplicatlon or the un
nown In airship constructions out
rather a new application of simple
forces which a Be well known ana un
riemtoort but which have up to- the pres
ent time been unapplied toward the so
lution of the navigation of the air.
"That aerial navigation is possible
now. although In a very primitive way,
no man who reads can deny, for it is a
problem to which the mighty nations
of the civilized worm are Kivinn ueep
er consideration than any other question
of rational defense now confronting
them.- This is attested by the fact
that notwithstanding a knowledRe of
the truth, the present prevailing type
of airships are as crude and primitive
' . , . United Press Leased Wire.)
Peking, June II. Yuan Shih Kai. the
ship heavier, and be able to glide to I mTlitaVv mhn nt r"hii. wha
ab?eS7n?im1e,ofawa,r? " ccldent or dU; received the ;"olden cord" from the
It must also be able to mak flights
or several thousand mile if necessary
witnout alighting.
It must be able to conserve energy
by other means than resorting to Us
mechanical power.
murk Be Heavier Than Air.
imperial government, which Is a sin
ister suggestion to commit suicide as
the onlv alternative to assassination.
today has petitioned the Prince Regent
for permission to visit Englsnd and the
United . State. - The petition set no
date for his return and has been ac-
good of the empire,
display of patriotism,
at the time of the death
TO meet these requirements th. ship llVf.
uiubi oi necessity to a certain ejcieni
be heavier than air. We are mors Or
. ' . ... .. - . . I Yuan Shih Kai
less laminar wixn me aiirereni types I f- u. nnr mmnr.s. submitted to
of airship, the most successful of which j humiliating1 censure from the prince
sre count Zeppelins air snip ana tne Regent, and though he controlled tne
wrignt- uroiners . aeropmne, eacn oi i situation at Peking witn nis spienuiaiy
them being only partially successful I disciplined troops which constitute the
mese ivpes or airsruos ana aanxers to n r vmn withdrew
be encountered in case of accident-. I Inc. without nrotest
At present the Count Zeppelin type I It was fear of foreign intervention
on account of difficulties ot controlling I only efficient military force of the em-
lre, yuan witnarew o nis native prov
has to carry 6000 pounds of ballast In I tinn. which nrnmnted this unusual pat
order to remain up in ,the air any- lebgtn I ri0t to- forego the pleasure of overturn-
ui lime. a areai volume or . Kaa.iit.cr th nrpint ffnvernmeni ana aacumi
amounting to 460,000 cubio feet. Is car-J inr one of the Peking's many gate with
i it-u, una m oraer 10 no 10 a neigni oi i trie head OI tne rrincs '
6000 feet it Is necessarv to dlsoharcre I pii,(nir .that anv International ots-
1240 bounds of ballast. The difference 1 n4 wmilil ha followed bv th OC-
ki temperature in 24 hours may be 10 I eupany of Chinese territory by the mlll-
aegrees. which as It contracts the tit ! fnrrm nt the powers, with, tne in
diminishes the lifting power. As- this I evltable levying of tribute. Yuan quiet
piace more oaui
charged. conseauentb
of jnachlne long fllg
sioie
At
cannot
5000 ft
of such a great volume of gas.
Aeroplanes Have Drawbacks,
There's No Pause in tl:c Stream' oi Buying Now
r - Gcir.j cn at Our Great
IMilii
Suits, slrtrtG, Waists, Linen . :
Suits and Dresses, Etc. - ?
Every garment sold but makes way for another we are putting v:
fresh goods out daily-nothing. common or store-womWhe last '
buyer gets as high-elas"s garments as the first . The ,iterns below
rrierely suggest the way we are cutting prices in all lines. ; You can, v
positively get whatever you ntfed in summer apparel at the lowest ;
yju.v ever iuauc on tucn exclusive, seasonable garincnxs,. . visit me
store lor proof. 1 . - ;
4 V"
EXTRA SPECIAL
One-Plece Cloth Dresses Price
Every One-Piece "Clotlf Dress in the house
at exactly half, price. -' Val. $30 donr CAv
to $55 on sale at $15.00 to.V;i)eW l OU '
SIcirts Less Than Hall
Very handsome Tailored Skirts; pleated and ' .
gored, of choiceistvlfabVics one of our bi?- .
gest bargains. rValnes to $22.50 f0 .
on ale at,?.. . ...JO.OJ
Cloth Suits for 55,45
Hast must be dis-hy withew his troops after suppress-1 Practical and well, tailored thouo-h not in
y with his type lng several incipient outbreaks among fVM1 I,U A lf MOreq, inougn noi in.
-hts are nnlv nn. I h narsnnlal.ravnliitlonlsts. Since then I tne VCfV ISTfar atvle Mit.frtr hoarh ntpir
the present time his type of ship I government which ars his power but travel, CtQ. ;;V Uilt$ tO, ,?44 on Sale (J f At
not go to a greater altitude than 1 has been relying on his dread of foreign I a( ' , . " , 11T
feet on account of the eznanaion I neeunatlon to nrevent his employing it I , ' V ;.. t ' ? ' f teTT
Z:.vr':Z - rgainat tha pre,ent dyna,ty- Exclusive iUc Wnisfs sOf f
-ivow tne aeromanen nresant othr ilIM I1 llll '111 hl',l wu: 11 sh;...l.. Jl.-:. J h t .t.tA:
flcultles. In order to sustain the - weight 1 JUVA AV lJ wwuv-wvciyucaiKUCU, uncut .Kinu, some
ot tne macnine SDAed is necessarv.
Therefore, If the aeroplane is to travel
at an elevation of 6000 feet It must
travel at tnat much greater speed than
it would at sea level, hence more power
will be required to drive the machine
at the requlrd speed. In time of war
CHILDREN'S WRATH very ressy.resdens; others plain tail6red,
in tnuman ana, oenganqe; an tne cnosen
(Cnited Press Leased Wire.)
Willows, Cel.. Jxie 11. While lover
usually elope to escape parental wrath.
Mrs. Mary Adelia Robing a slipped away
it will be verv difficult tn t.v. ni,. I - i. - .... u. n m,-A
tOgraDhS Or drOD AXdIorIvam a t a arvm,n I nr..kU.tAn VAmim Kiia v,-
place, because the weight dropped from I romance waa frowned unon by her chll-
tne aeroplanes will have the same mo-ldren. Mrs. Robing,1 who is now Mra
tints gray, rose, wistaria, etc. i rf . 7r?
Values $10 fo $21 at $7,87 to M J, I D
lingerie Waists $2.48
Our regular crdod trade daintilv trimmed
mlt.VLrXhi''. l.!. 'sr-..0' ! whU th. IWaists; also some plain tailored, ones;
the prevailing types of airship adopting Late Friday, Tocum hitched tip th V aiues tO $J,6U on Sale
. , . . . vw IUVO l XCa-tJIti jr UVIBQ! ss Viwtw s.'? ssi vcwawn I yi I
nrOmlHin C snrl IvnM n i I a. . .k. T MM 1J... S. I
features of all them. wai joined by his brMe-tobe and they
ine alStinCt fpatliroU nf thl. atraKlr. I huff-leaH fn thf U v wham tnav Wi
are MHO4!0ntpral UrcA tr. aihAnA k.s.K.. nrlA
7, , - Bunicu oiiun, 1 aCt'i 11 uduqiim eaiia tv. - a at e . .
aeroplanes along the sides, horizontal This is Yocum'a fifth marUal venture Neat and ServiCeab e. mixtures - and nl n'
hlle his bride has been married twice I t r-t a- em n 4 "
$2.48
Misses' Box Coats $2.85
to
in their construction and field of op
eration as the first locomotive was in
its time, yet the powers are showering
honors and gifts upon the inventors and
appropriating millions of dollars for
the construction of pristine types of
craft now In existence, yet which have
demonstrated that tne air can oe uavi-
"This incontrovertible fact Is staring
us In theace, ana tne anowieage mai
man pan flv onens an era which de-
mnA recnirnitioni from every Individ
ual and urges upon them the advisa
bility of keeping in touch with the
situation, for the near future will de
velop situations which will eclipse the
most sanguine dreams or a juies vera.
Aerial STarlgatlon Means Much.
"The untold problem that will con
front mankind when a successful air
ship is evolved are multitudinous.
.Btnn ta think of what it will mean.
Can you conceive of the advantages
that an army will have in time of war
and the destruction that would ensue
I . W .lkln n 1 H it?
"What of our boaBted! fortifications?
Of what avail will they be against the
nf th. aviator cmiDled With the
destructive possibilities of the airship?
"Of . wnat use win m ui.B...
against the powerful wireless electric
current of the future?
"How about the movements of armies
when pitted against the warship in the
air, coupled with sympathetic intonated
wireless telephone
"What about the ocean navy, as we
-,ni v,-afti. he compelled to Call It,
whon attacked from below by submarine
and from above by the aerial navy dl
WOMAN IMPLICATED
IN SAFE CRACKING
(Cat tea Press Lessee Wire.
.u . .u rnclco, June ii. Believing
that they are on the trail of an organ
ised band of safe crackers; the police
his wife, Lime, whom they arrested
on suspicion of being Implicated in a
number of robberies recently.
: Th. Halls were arrested In a raid
In a house on Castro street, which Is
suspected to have been used aa head
quarters for the gang. The woman
was wearing clothing which- she ad
mitted came from Lobree brothers
store, which was robbed a short time
ago, but declared that she purchased
the articles there.
Further search far vMnn
. . . . . i ino au
vir im "ririK mine ann in nn 1m u.. htnh MK i . , , . .
exoeet to make mor arr.... r ...urr a r."r-" ."iL .r',V,u-1" '
. . . , ,,uiin uuwuvu mi V1JW
mvi . uiur. a numurr ri noiauus
are slso charred li iha rmmU .
which has been operating here 'recently
bavins' used a woman aa a decoy,
rectlnR powerful electrical currents
nainnf their maaaiines. or being; sur
rounded by a haU of explosives dropped
k riniMa whlrih. being exploded
simultaneously by wireless, will be able
to blow any navy that floats from the
face or tne sear
Caa Destroy Ctti.i at Will.
"How about fire grenades filled with
liquids which will ignite and Sow over
buildings in burning masses, and about
other grenades filled with poisonous
gases, which upon being dropped to tne
win anrnad over its surface, per
meating its atmosphere with poisonous
gases with an eneci iar w i u
than nv firearm or oroiectile is capable
of inflicting upon an army? These are not
th dreams oi imaginative minus, uui
absolute realities that we must face in
"Meana of guarding against these fea
tures of attack will be devised, no
doubt, but the era of rfhe conquest of
the air Is now on us-, ana as raomiy
on system of. defense is devised by the
land forces snother one of attack will
be inaugurated by the xorces in tne air,
Has Studied ExpIiTs.
"T have made a careful study 'of "ex
plosives a an adjunct to aviation and
have evDerimented considerably along
lines already mentioned and know that
all that has been stated concerning us
weapons of the air is possible. I be
lieve that notwithstanding all ot the
plaudits of the press and people atill
ringing in our ears over the accom
plishments of Zeppelin and Wright
brothers.
"They have neither of them solved
th problem of the airship question for
several reasons, yet I feel that they de
serve all the praise that can be given
to them; I also believe that the world
Is more concerned over, the war airship
than the commercial alt-ship in other
words, they are going at the'irue solu
tionbackwards for the true war air
ship can never be mad and will never
b a success until the Successful com.
mercial airship has been built, for if a
ship is not able to mee the requirements
of commerce, such as carrying mails and
express and a limited amount of pas
sengers, it certainly could never fulfill
the requirements of war. -
The successful airship must be the
made to flv . In anv
Wilt nf tha, nnwitnr
cumm autiuiuieiy stationary at any al
titude, and. raise and lower, itself vrith'
out discharge of ballast or gas, or by1
puaulos: air Ulto taOtatuU 44 make the1
and peroendlcular mrfriara oth -in. I hiia
propeifcrs of turbine design. I before.
ay me comoinea use of these several
Instrumentalities the ship wiU be in
complete and perfect equipoise and con-
colors.
at . . . .
TBS SrO SB AS
Values to $12.50 on sale
$2.85
i
tralVliM of two kinds-conceit and the big IN ADDITION: .
coursing or glidiSg'from JreaeThTs Uel "L"h All newest Stvlft Cloth
giBWbr&aU'si-vsr&tvt tux jssnm handi. suits.-.. . off
Herbina rvu our uisimciivc Linen UMSSCS.. ,J4 UfK
Kanlil la. - ... n . . . ' T -
on your liver with Ballard
. vour uver wiin nBiiara i neruint, uui uiaiiutiivc Liucri urrssrs. . . a ijph
Isn't U worth trying for th absolute! Ail r j on,- -v
No ballast is required, hence it is not anrt certain relief you'll get? Sold by "iic-ox-a-Ktnu oK cresses. . . V4 Uff
M OFF
to lower
starting nnH
of the operator,
aeqnlres Wo Ballast
necessary to return to ihe earth to re- I Skldmore Drug company.
5raun eimer me gas or tne ballast nor
drop ballast to the danger of people on
the earth beneath. Sustained flights of
many nays ana long distances are possi
ble, limited only by the amount of fuel
carried and the will of the operator.
The airship will be capable of carrying
passengers, mall and express..
The sustaining power of the air Is
niucn ieso at iu.uuo reet above the earth
than at the sea leveL It will therefore
require more outstdi nmr in antt
body at 10.000 feet above the 1vl ih.n
V unace or tne earth. Trie sus
taining power or tne air Is proportional
to its density!
Has Piffure for AU.
This alrehlD will ha ?nn nmia h.a.
ier than air when readv for fliirhi
at the 10,000 foot level the gas in the
machine will lose 226 pounds in lifting
power. it will therefore weigh m
pounds, having a potential energy stored
up of 4,260,000 foot pounds. One horse
power is estimated at iS.000 pounds
raised one foot eyery minute, therefore
the stored up potential energy will be
equal to about 128 horsepower, which is
CIGARS
any kind, .any
-grade, any size,
any priced-only
better that' 8 the
ATI T iflfrAfla Ft -. a a
A number of Silk Petticoats ...,..y4 OFF
The House oi Tone" 392 Washington Street
iiierii iransierrea into Klnetln ansrirv
The airship has two 40 horsepower en
K'ne. or a total of 80 horsepower.
Therefore at an elevation of 10,000 feet
the combined power will be 208 Instead
of 80 .horsepower as at sea level.
One ena-lne is sufficient tn nvina tti
machine at any desirable speed
Kardly limit to Bpssd.
BT transferrins- the nntenrtnl ana
Into kinetic energy, or energy of mo
tion, from an elevation of 10,000 feet
the shin will be able to a-lide throua-h
the air 160 mile or more without any
additional power except gravity, the
speed which is equal to the space trav
ersed to the square of time of descent
The helicopters are capable of raising
60 pounds to the horsepower, therefore
horsepower will have a lift of 4000
pounds. The machine is only 200 pounds
orsepower will have a lift of 4000
ids. The machine is onlv 200 sounds
heavier than air, therefore onlv a small
erceniage oi power aeveioped by the
elicopters will be required to raise the
height
machine up In the air to any desired
This invention is fullv nroteated bv
patents allowed and pending ajin other
countries.
UNITED
CTGAR
. STORE
I D E A
To see now good a
cigar a dime will buy,
and to try the new
tobacco -smoke the
Havana
American Univemt Size
10c each (5.00 a box
UNITED
CIGAR1
STORES
What Stove
for Summer?
Nothing adds to kitchen conven
ience in summer weather like a
New Perfection Wick Blue Flame
Oil Cook-Stove. Anything that
any stove can do the "New Per
fection" will do, nnddoitbetter.
Bakes, roasts, boils, toasts; heats
the wash water and the sad Irons
and does it without dissipating
its heat through the room to
your discomfort The
Wick Blue Hamc Oil Ccoli-Stove
J:m o1" H stoves m its strong, handsome, useful
CABINET TOP with shelf for warming plates atd keeping food
hot. Also has drop shelves on which to rest coffee pot and tea-
jaa, uu u equipped wua Dars tor towels. A stove of
- .- convenience, comfort, safety and economy. Made in
inree sizes. txia witn or witnout Cabinet Top If
not at your dealer's, write our nearest agency.
The w. . -
JX&VW MAM meUoV ,
. , ' v, light that is very grate
ful to bred eyes a perfect student or
xamuy lamp. JBrass, nickel plated, hence
' more durable than other lamps.
ii not witn your dealer, wnte our
nearest agency. ;;.
, STANDARD Oil. t. O MP ANY
: (Incorporaitea) '
.
;
'
u
ELECTRIC
Tiipiiliifs
Thc Most Ecohomical Intfan
descent Elcclrlcla
40 watt 32 candle power ....850
. 60 watt 48 candle power1 91.00
100 watt 80 candle power. ?1.30
250 watt 200 candle power $2.50
These Prlces'are Ihe
Lowest in Ihe City
.... ---J-' .
it gives twice the light of the ordi-
nary incandescent lamp for the
' , same cost per hour.
PORTLAND RAILrAY,
LIGHT & POWER CO.
147 SEVENTH STREET