fHE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL!, PORTLAND, SUNDAY MORNING, JUNE 18, 1909.
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Kailv tlie prettiest feature of the
Rose Festival c-elpbratlons just coni
Iilcted with last nights i-ltvtrlriil pn
raito was thp paralu of tin; school c hil
dren held on the enst side Friday
evcnliiK.
The thousands of children, boys and.
rIfIh. In their white suits and drpssis
marched and drilled with more than mil
itary precision. While not the most
heralded event of the festival week, It
was by long odds the mOHt inspiring.
The photographs reproduced In The
Journal nhow several groups of the
chlldrun as thev appeared on their line
or march. The fftrls from some of the
were almOBt at a loss to determine In
what way best to award the prizes.
It whs finnllv decided to give the
Williams Avenue kcIiooI the A. H. Man
lev prize for the best percentage of the
Mav attendance in the marching line.
and the second to the Montavllla school
schools wore wreaths of flowers in thei Sunn vslde was given the; prize for the
hair. Those from others carried long
garlands of roses which played an im
portant part In their drills. All were
exceptionally beautiful, and the Judges
best appearing action!, while every other
school In the line w;ta todav awarded a
silver cup for Its fine appearance in
the pauade.
Great Borax Mines in Harney County
BY ADDISON BENNETT.
Denio, Or., June 1. I left Wild Horae.
Andrews postofflce. at 6 o'clock this
morning and arrived here about 5 this
evening.
I do not know aa I made it plain In
my last letter that Andrews Ib prac
tically at the southeastern extremity
of Stein's mountain, but such Is the
fact, and from there for a distance
of some 20 miles to the south of tho
mountains give way to a rough and
broken country of vast hills. The
foothills and skies of Stein's, clear up
to the snow line, are covered with fine
pasturage, while the broken hills to the
south, like the most of those across
the valley to the cast,, are almost bar
ren In many cases entirely so.
By referring to the map you will
find a large area to the south and east
of Andrews set down as the Alvord
desert, but Just how to describe the
boundaries of this desert Is a difficult
matter for one who has had the time
and opportunity to make bill a curBory
r..nmlrstlnn Wild Horse floWS Into a
sink or lake a few miles south of
hero, and broadly speaking, Andrews is
not in the desert.
Sagebrush and Bunchgrass.
Leaving Andrews I continued on the
wet side of the valley for a distance of
some 10 or 12 miles. Then I crossed to
the eH.st side to the. borax works. In
my drive down I passed through some
very fine land. Indeed, it was about
as good soil as one can find anywhere
and is covered with a dense growth of
i ink Hagebrush, interspersed with much
line liuncngjrasB.
U frequent intervals fine streams
f..v out from the foothills, and usually
these waters are utilized tor irrigation
purposes by ranchers who have claims
in t tie bottoms adjacent. But there
arc manv streams and springs unap
propriated, and fine bench lands to
thereby tiling Into fertility.
When I Ntarted across the valley I
found what the word desert hereabouts
re.illv means. The soil Is of the hard
pan variety, heavy with alkali, and
fparselv covered with greasewood, rab
bit brush and sagebrush. It is hum
ram ky and In places there are ranges
of sandhills, with stagnant water now
and then. From my trip across and
then down this flat I should say that
there are nearly 100 square miles of
this worthless desert land.
probably most of your readers have
heard of the borax works and Its
product, the "3? mlue brand." The
name comes from the fact that the
rnanufacturered article is hauled by
teams of 32 mules each to the railway
at Wlnnemucca, about 135 miles dis
tant. Borax Works lAm Idle.
But there is nothing going on there
now. nor has there been for some two
years. The plant belongs to Los An
geles parties and the price of borax is
so low that there Is no profit in manu
facturing it so ar from a railway.
The plant consists of tho mill or re
flnerv, a stable and shop, and some
four or five tumble down sod buildings.
In fact, all are mostly built of sods
or bricks cut from the alkali sod, and
some of these buildings must be 2&
years old, and the sods almost as hard
as sandstone.
No doubt the reader has seen alkali
land, or land where the soil showed
white as if sprinkled with a substance
resembling salt. Tlia' 'a what the land
around the borax plant looks like, only
this substance is, In places, six Inches
deep. And this is scraped up and hauled
to the refinery and reduced to the pure
article of commerce, and called borax.
Spring In Canter of Desert.
Out In tho center of a vast desert
tract there Is a spring, aid this spring
han for unknown ages thrown up its
waters, tules and other vegetable mat
ter have . grown and decayed, and in
this way the spring Is now at the top
of a piece of ground perhaps 40 acres in
extent and possibly 50 feet higher than
the surrounding land.
I had heard about this spring; and
had been told of the great amount of
pure alum it throw up, and of its high
temperature. I had been told the water
was boiling hot find even hotter. So
when 1 saw the site from afar I looked
for a rising steam, but saw none. When
I got to its margin, or within a few
rods of the plant, I hitched my team
to a post and tried to find someone
to explain the art or system of borax
making; but there was not a human
belnr not even a brute there save
myself and team. All was solitude and
xlesolation. Every door was ajar, and
In the houses the cooking utensils were
standing upon the shelves and tables as
though the occupants and owners had
been hut recently . summoned away.
Flah live in "Boiling' Water.
Going up to the lake 1 could see the
water bubbling up in the center, and
escaping through sluice boxes Rnd pipes.
I took a cup and tasted of the water
from one of these boxes, and found It
only slightly warm. And going around
to another cpenlng I found hovering
near the gate a large number Of small
fish! And I will swear these fish were
not boiled, but weie "alive and kicking."
So if anybody tells any stories about
these 'boiling waters"1 Just set the
tale down as a He! Indeed the water
looked so Inviting; that I thought I
would take a swim across the lake and.
back. It is about 100 yardt In diameter.
But it ldoked very deep. In fact I
could' see no bottom, and the thought
came to me that if; I should bo drowned
my team would perhaps perish of hun-.
ger before they would be found. So I
left.
How Borax II Made.
As to jjst how the stuff is made or
purified I do not know. But it is surely
gathered up in wagons, driven into a
dump and thVown into a hopper, and
(Here it is dissolved with water and
pasxes into settling vats. There are 24
of these vats, made of galvanized lion,
six feet in ulameter by ten feet deep.
The water la piped from the lake and
one pipe, 10 inches in diameter, drives a
turbino wheel which furnishes the
power.
For a mile or so all around I could see
the beds from which the crude material
was gathered, though the richest bed is
right at the works. In various places
mounds are visible, apparently ready
for the "harvest." But they have stood
there for these two years. They resem
ble haycocks, and are about three feet
high.
After I left Borax, as the place is
calied, I bore to the southwest, back
across the valley, and for miles contin
ued In the desert. Then I came to the
fine ranch of Melvin Doan. where there
is every Indication of prosperity. He
has a fine bunch of cattle and a place
to be proud of. He Irrigates several
hundred acres, and his meadow land
looks In the best of condition.
Nearlntf Pueblo Mountain.
I was now approaching Pueblo moun
tain, with its whitened peaks and the
snow clad summits of Stein's were vis
ible to the north. Soon I came within
sight of the Trout Creek ranch of the
American Livestock company, which lies
on th, east side of the valley, the first
I have noticed on that side.
At noon. I stopped at a place sur
rounded by tall poplars and was told
I toulo get accommodations for myself
and team; Soon I was sitting down to
a sumptuous dinner, daintily served by
an elderly lady of evident refinement
and culture, whom I learned was Mrs.
Catlow, widow of one of the pioneers of
Harney county, and from whom Cation
valley was named. But I think I will
leave turther remarks about Mrs. Cat
low for a future letter. Suffice It
now to say that I enjoyed an hour's visit
with her and her son and learned many
facts which greatly Interested me. as
they no doubt will your readers.
1 was now at the very base of Pueb
lo, and still had 11 miles to go to
Denio, which place 1 reached, as said
before at 6 o'clock.
Hear the Bevada. XJne.
This is quite an ohl town. The old
hotel, the corrals and outbuildings are
made of the soil bricks" which I have
described, and seem good for ft genera
tion to come. The iilace ia Just on the
line between Nevada and Oregon. In
fact there are two towns, one in each
slate. They arc about of a mile
apart, and of practically the same si7te;
Though 1 think in a business -way Ore
iron has much the best of it. The I'ooh
Bah here is D. D. Deffenbaugh, and his
general store does a large business. I
am sorry to say he eels all of his goods
from Frisco, via Wlnnemucca. which is
110 miles away, while it Is 175 to On
tario. Mr. Deffenhaugh is a loyal Ore
gonlan and would like to trade in Port
land If ho could. But never a bid is
made by the Rosa City dealers for his
trade.
In Heart of Sheep Country.
Denio ib in the heart of a vast sheep
country, and 45,000 "muttons" are losing
their wool at the shearing plant now
running here. Twentv machines are
clipping over 20f0 fleeces per day, and
all is activity. The shearers get 9 cents
per head, so they make big money and
and thence north along to the west of
Stein's to ihe headwaters of the
Bllxen.
CHICAGO IN
PRAISE OREGOB
National Granary in West
Where Great Things Are
Done in a Big Way.
(Special l)liflt(ll to Tilt? Jmirnul.)
Pendleton. Or. June 12. The import
ance of Umatilla county as an agrlcul
tural center, the immense area of her
magnificent grain fields, the wealth of
RESORTS
Winfield House
W. O. TROMBLEY, FBOF.
Everything for a Tourist
Fine fishing, hunting, clam digging,
boating (sailing or launch parties),
horseback riding, good guides for moun
tain trips. The hotel commands a beau
tiful view of the bay. No dust, no ex
cessive heat, 4 miles by boat to Bay
ocean Park, short distance to ocean
beach, good home cooking, good beds
and bath. Rates, $2 per day or (10 by
weeW. Telephone reservations.
. Steamer Sue II. Elmore and Steamer
Argo for Bay City every 6 days from
Portland.
WENAHA SPRINGS
OREGON
SEASON 1909
Rates $2-$2.50 per Day
$12 TO $15 FEB WEEK
Reductions for longer periods and for
families.
For further information, write to
J. A. BOBIS,
Gibbon P. O., Oregon.
Z i L i t i i ,l V 13 r,., pressed forcibly upon the" party of Chi-
s, t up. and the hotel is crowded. The caRO business men who rode for 30
tiavel ng photographer Is here also the mle8 , automobiles through practlcallv
tramping oarber. anil the gambler hovers one b,K wheat fleId over lun,j worth
around lUe the vulture after Its prey. r,n , .mo no- ,-.. a.hq.,d
And times are good in Denio and will ,0 Pendleton 'Once In 'this city the
representative of the party as well as
of the banking interests of Chicago,
said :
"This Is my third trio to this section
of the United States and each time I
come out here It is with renewed
pleasure and with increased amaze-"
rncnt at the remarkable progress one
finds everywhere. The thing that
strikes the man from the middle west
most forcibly Is the intelligence dis
played in your farminc. your fruit
growing and the building of your
cities.
"I regard this great northwest coun
try as the richest in the United .States,
and we look to It as being our national
granary and the foundation from which
we must get our finest fruits and other
necessaries of life.
"The people here are our own kind
of people, most of them having come
from east of the Kooky mountains, and
the cordial reception we have received
makes us feel as If we were personally
known to all of you.
More People Greatest Need
"In my Judgment what you need is
more people or the right kind and more
capital. We are constantly turning
for investments and this trip will lead.
I am sure, to a better understanding of
the high grade securities you can offer
ua. We have gone through a reat
financial depression and I am pleased
to eay mat because of your splendid re
sources I find it was scarcely felt at
all in this section. We believe that the
speedy return to prosperity depends
largely upon the coming crop and judg
ing from the magnificent wheat fields
we have seen the past few days there
will be nothing to fear on that score.
We are going home and tell our people
that your section will do Its duty In
that regard and more too.
Financiers Looking This Way.
"Every financial man In the east In
all our large cities, has his eyes turned
to the west to see the crop conditions
and as they appear good or bad uu or
down goes the price of commodities in
our exchanges, which are the financial
barometers. And so as you grow you
will constantly call on us for more of
our manufactured products and we in
trn will prosper.
Big- Things in a Bio- Way.
"If I were footloose I would not
waste many minutes In staying in the
east but would come and settle in your
promised land where you do big things
in a big way. With your splendid cli
mate and modern twentieth century
methods is It any wonder that you have
done in half a generation what it takes
other people 100 years to do? Your
future looks bright to us, and In my
opinion It has Just commenced. I find
that everything Is on a solid basis; the
farmer Is rich, he has no mortgage on
his home, hia home Is supplied with the
telephone and -automobile, ana he u
educating;,, hl family in th beat wav.
Value will continue to increase In this
country as you hvWullt oa a solid
foundation. You have the natural
wealth and the- greatest resource at
any section I have ever visited."
T) TTiV VFWSPAPFlT
BY LABOR UNIONS
London, June 12. The cheme to e.
tablish a labor dally newspaper In Lon
don is making- great headway, and !t
Is stated that several prominent So
cialists who have private means. In
cluding H. M. Hyndman and H. O.
Wells, the novilist, will financially
support the journal.
t present it is not known whether
the trades unions can legally invest
any part of their funds in a newspaper,
but the scheme will be so amended
as to permit of the capital being sub
scribed by Individual labor men of
Socialists.
Joint board of the three central trade
union organizations has charge the
scheme, which will be fully explained
at the forthcoming Trade Union Con
gress to be held shortly at Ipswich. As
soon as the trade unions are agreed,
the Parlamentary committee of the
Labor party will be asked to proceed
with the formation of a daily news
paper company.
be for some time to come. All the time.
I think, for the place ia In a good loca
tion to command a big trsde.
I went "over the line" Into Nevada but
but only far enough to say that my trav
els had taken me out of the state.
I have a lot to write, about, some
things I have got "rrext" to here, and
per deposits of Pueblo mountain and tho
before reaching here I refer to the cop-
opal fields just discovered west of here.
But 1 am tired and will leave these mat
ters for my next letter.
From hero I must retrace my route
for a distance of about 15 Jtiiles to
the McLean roadhouse. -There I leave
the valley and pass south of Stein's
mountains over into the Catlow valley.
party was given a brief reception, be
ing met by a number of prominent busi
ness men, and they were aboard the sspe- :
clal train and speeding eastward with
in a short time.
James C?wlnn, A. L. Knight and W. K.
Brock, representing the Credit Men's!
association, met the party at Walla
Walla, accompanying the special train
to Athena, where the line of automobiles !
were in waiting to whirl tile party
through the grain fields, while the train '
continued its journey to Pendleton. The j
novelty- of the trip, and the splendid !
country presented, appealed sharply to
the members of the party and compli
mentary remarks were freely made.
Frederick If. Hawson, president of the
Union Trust company speaking as the
ALASKA
AND BACK
INCLUDING BERTH AND MEALS
Only $6 a Day for 11 Days
PUMMKR EXCURSIONS via "Inside Pa
Bage" from Seattle to Land of Midnight Hun.
Totem Poles. Ice Floes, Glaciers. Mirages,
Fjords, Mountains. Islands and Foresu.
ONLY TWELVE EXCURSIONS
RESERVE BERTHS NOW
Pacific Coast Steamship Co.
E. K. DkCrandpkb, P. ii F. Aot,
249 Washington Strvet Portland
1
Uadinb Coast Resort of Northwest
iMttM Ritllt M th Oeun Built ftnrlk R..,L
Ewwtrie llht Call Bellii Hot ui Cold Salt Water
Hatha m Heteli Billiards; Pooh Tmniei Bovlitwt Boatlitf
JiOTFL TABIDS SUPPMED FROM OUH
OWN JERSEY DAIRY, GARDEN
AND FOtrLTR RANCH .
Oanclf farton" Ordwttra. 6tiblt 8iddle ud
Drhrint Horaaai Aalwnokila. Print Cottage
Wte for foldnr, timetables, rate, inforamtioa
BREAKER, WASHINGTON .
1 1
Eastward thro'
Tine Sttwfied Northwest
A trip of scenic surprises, of thorough comfort, of unexcelled
meal service in short, a trip to live in memory forever.
Northern Pacific Service Comprises
Four Electric-lighted Through
Transcontinental Trains
Providing through standard and tourist sleeping car service
between the Pacific Coast and Minneapolis, St. Paul, Chicago,
St. Louis, Omaha, Kansas City. Direct connections to Du
luth and Superior for the Great Lakes Steamer Trip.
Visit Yellowstone National Park En Route.
Pullman Drawing-Room ' Sleeping Cars; Leather-Upholstered Tourist
Sleeping Cars; a la carte Dining Cars for all meals.
Illustrated Litetature and full information about the low round-trip summer fares upon request.
A. D. CHARLTON, Asst. Gen. Pass. Agent,
255 Morrison St., Portland.
Northern Pacific Railway
Alaska-Yukon-Paciffe Exposition, Seattle. June 1 to October 1, 1909. Ra'lnler National Park ad Paradise
Valley, by auto or rail from Tacoma, June 1 to October 1. 1909. Yellowstone Park season, June 5 to Septem
ber 25, 10. Boe Festival, Portland, June 7 to li, l69. SeenteeiUh National Irrigation Congress. Spokana,
August to 14, 1909. r
V. i j . . ... ' . . . . W " A , '
Portland Railway Light
and Power Company
Bulletin No. 16
GROWTH OF COMMUNITIES
AS AFFECTED BY CORPORATIONS.
(From the Manufacturers' Record)
Street railways greatly enhance the taxable values of cities.
As an average example, assume that a company extends one of its
lines a mile into undeveloped cow pastures adjacent to a city.
This at onre raises the price of 1000 acres of land from $300 per
acre to $900, Riving an increased assessable value of $600,000 on land
alone; with buildings, possibly a total of $1,000,000, on which the
state and city will receive annually $15,000 in taxes. If this mile of
track in two years after construction pays operating expenses,
fixed charges and taxss, the average company would be satisfied.
More than in any other industry, expenditures in extension and
equipment of street railways reflect value to all other property
in the community. It has been the universal experience that in
cities where great expenditures on transportation systems have
been made, every kind of business is correspondingly extended.
Every time a city curtails the borrowing power of its street
railway .company $1 ,000,000 it reduces its income in taxes alone
by at least $10,000 per annum. In the average city the street
railway company pays for and maintains one sixth of all the pave
ment within corporate limits. Allowing eight yards per capita, at
$3 per yard, amounts to an expenditure by the company in a city
of 100,000 of $400,000. Upon this amount the company pays in
terest of 6 per cent, taxes 2 per cent and maintenance 8 per cent,
for which expenditure it receives practically nothing. This item
amounts to 68 cents per capita per year. In addition, track and
roadway construction suitable for pavement necessitates an ex
penditure over what is sufficient for car service equal, to the
pavement costs, upon which interest, taxes and maintenance as
above must also be paid. This would amount to $68,000 per year,
or 68 cents per capita. The company carries, say one fourth of
its passengers free, and it costs just as much to carry a transfer
passenger as -any other.
There are other forms of benefit, either in cash or service,
such as free transportation of policemen and firemen and payment
of court costs for pauper plaintiffs. In addition, there are damage
payments in excess of just claims to the extent of possibly 50
cents per capita, or $50,000 in a city of 100,000 population.
All business, whether conducted by individuals or corporations,
should be regulated within such limits as will insure to these
units of society the freedom of action possible up to the point
of preventing encroachment upon the rights of other individual
or corporate units.
Regulation, if at all, should be universal. It is unprofitable
to a community to single out the street railway to bear the accu
mulated chastisement which should be shared by a thousand
others. The average city is beginning to thoroughly appreciate
this, as indicated by the small following of would-be demagogues
who fail to discern that their meal has been eaten.
The prosperity of a country or city depends entirely upon it?
treatment of invested money. Some countries of Mhe western
hemisphere bursting with natural wealth are now, in large part,
howling wildernesses, and will be for generations to come, be
cause not one with a dollar to invest, even with a prospect of
dividends of 100 per cent per annum, would chance its immediate
confiscation. Bondholders want security and stockholders divi
dends. If either is made uncertain, development stops. Exclusive
of returns on borrowed capital, which should be approximately
5 per cent per annum, agricultural, mining, manufacturing and
mercantile businesses should and do yield, when efficiently oper-"
ated, at least 15 per cent per annum on the money invested by
equity holders. Ten per cent of this is for the hazard, labor and
responsibility of management, which fall entirely upon the stock
holder. If the city regulates plants manufacturing and selling
gas, electricity and other public conveniences through extortionate
taxation or reduction of rates to a point of less profit than sug
gested, it w;ill result in the paralysis of the industry to which
such regulation is directed. This is simply an application of the
law under which money flows in the course of least interference
to the safest harbor. If any state or city has ambitions to be
great, let it seize the present opportune moment and announce to
the, world a fixed policy toward investments in which individual
and corporate business, private or public, are treated absolutely on
a parity in regulation, taxation and the general exercise of police
power or other necessary interference.
Twq recent decisions of tho supreme court of the United
States inspire confidence in corporate investment. A paragraph
from the decision in the Knoxville water case is:
"Our social system rests largely upon sanctity of private prop
erty, and that state or community which seeks to invade it will
soon discover the error in disaster which foHows. The slight gain
to the consumer which he would obtain from a reduction in the
rates charged by the public service corporation is as nothing com
pared with his share , in the ruin which would be brought about
by denying to private property its just reward, thus unsettling
values and destroying confidence."
In the same decision regarding regulation, we find:
"It is a delicate and dangerous function and ought tq be exer
cised with a keen sense of justice on the part of the regulating
body, met by a frank disclosure on the part of the company to be
regulated. The courts ought not to bear the whole burden of
saving property from confiscation, though they will not be found
wanting where the proof is clear. The legislatures and subordinate
bodies to whom the legislative power has been delegated ought to
do their part."
Stay away from courts; settle your difficulties at home among
your own people. Be frank; state your full case and demand your
rights, whether you are the buyer or seller, and you will be
sustained.
We are trying to adjust the present surface turbulence. New
men are also springing up who are locally and nationally turning
the tide in another direction. The leader of the future will be the
man who is the embodiment of justice. He will be intellectually
unsurpassed and financially-independent. He will come from the
working class; will have experienced all the pangs of poverty, the
struggles for recognition and the inspiration of wealth and inde
pendence. The wages he will receive will be an absolute nnani-s
mous approval of those he represents. His power will' not rest on
his having led the mob in plundering the rich, nor in guidingr the
rich in sapping the life of the poor. He will take upthe existng,
order and advance it much as possible in his generation. He
will believe in evolution and not revolution. In general, he will,
to the extent of his ability, see that every person gets everything
that is justly his. The day of the demagogue in this civilization is
done. One-sided leaders have caused all the cataclysm of history.
We want, and are going to get, balanced men tnto public life.
The movement has started which wilt place in out city wuncils,
our legislatures and the congress of our nation individuals who
possess the intelligence, strength of purpose and the sense of
justice whicft will force complete approval of every man, woman
and child thus represented. Vested rights of corporate or incor.
porate interest, whether of the rich of poor, have not in the who e
life of'uj nation been in danger, and are not now, - "1 he otitic, k,
both in security and returns to labor and. capital in any field.wst
never brighter or more certain. . . , ;
i