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About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 17, 1909)
5 SCHOOL OF TRADE SHOWS- RRACTICAIi WORK DONE AND PRACTICAL KN0WLEDGE!GAIP1ED THE OREGON ' SUNDAY JOURNAL'. PORTLAND, SUNDAY "MORNING, JANUARY 17. 1909. OF Earl ' ,'liaumer, School of Trades, Reviews Tro ressin Gas Engines. ' The gas -engine," like most great In ventions, is .the product of many minds that -were slow, to "recognize-its merits. Stranga 'to say;., as far- back -as 1835 the gas engine did not fall because of Incorrect methods Involved, but because of imperfect- developments, of some of the minor .points..,. . VTherdate'of the first gas engine cls not definitely Jcnown, but the Invention la attributed to Huggens In 1680.' He pro posed to use the explosive force of gun powder - for power, and 'In 1690 Papln worked along this-same llne.-'-Jn 1833 W. L. . Wright mads iv fairly practical engine. ; ,Up to ' 1835 there-, was ' no' at tempt to-make an engine of. the, com presslon type, but . William Barnett at that time described a; machine which compressed, the clmre prior to the. fir ing. This motor -was not similar to the. present engine, as the air and gas were separately comprised. Lenior, in lhoObullt an engine of the compression type, but he did not' have-a clear under standing of the nature of gaseous ex plosions. As far back as 1794 Robert Street built an engine, but it was 18rtl before he had one that would really work. This machine was economically Impossible, because It consumed 100 cubic feet of Illuminating gas per horse power per 'hour. ; In'1876 Otto, a Ger man, hit upon the plan of accomplishing the admission of the mixture, its com pression. Ignition, expansion and .ex haustion In one cylinder. All success ful engines have been based upon this principle. The real development of the gas engine dates from the expiration oi Otto's patents, when it occurred to others that it was worth their time to get to work on the problem. In the last few years the development of the gas engine In the United States has been remarkable. The largest gas engine shown at the Columhian expo sition In lSk3 was a 35 horsepower ma chine. When the Lackawanna Steel company wanted to Install engines from 1000 to '2000 horsepower, only one pro posal was received-and that was from a foreign 'manufacturer. Five years later, when the Carnegie oempany wished to buy similar machines for the Kdgar Thomas steel works, 12 pro posals were received from Amerlran manufacturers. Recently the Snow team pump works built four engines At Work in' of B400 horsepower each for the Cali fornia Gas & Electric company. At present the Indiana Steel company at Gary, Ind., is installing 33 gas engines of 3000 horsepower each, to be run by the gas from their huge blast furnaces. .There are at present over 600 manufac turers of gas engines In the United States, with the number steadily In creasing. Tile engine itself has been radically (-.hanged, it being no longer the single acting affair 1t used to be. Several years ago a Scotchman found out how to make a double acting engine, vlter It was found that by driving two single cylinders in tandem there could be re- ceivea on a. ningie yrnun. ineiii.y im pulses as a steam engine and that by driving a twin tandem there would he as many Impulses received as a cross eompound engine, thus having a stead ily running machine adaptable for driv ing dynamos. Up to this time there have been no large vessels equipped with gas en gines, but such a plan has been proven, on paper at least, to be practical. Sev eral prominent marine engineers, among them Mr. Nixon, one of the world's fore most naval constructors, predict that the gas engine will be universally adopted for marine work. Still there is much room for Inventive talent in the gas engine realm. While It is a well known fact that -the gas engine represents the nearest approach to the theoretical value of heat, only to per cent is utilized In the work; of the rest 4-9 per cent goes into the water jacket and 35 per cent into the exhaust and radiation. Some people think that the next de velopment will be the gas turbine. One has already been experimented with by a French inventor. The greatest diffi culty encountered with In the gas tur bine Is to keep it from melting, as the AannaafliilM In i tin Itttovnnl n Am hlieiinn engine oftentimes reaches 2000 degrees centigrade.. This Inventor proposed to use low pressum'e steam In his turbine to keep down the heat. 8a you see the gas turbine has a long way to go to get out of the woods.. Edison says: - "We know' nothing now, but S00 years hence we shall be gin to suspect." .An Analysis of Rosabel le. - (Sir Walter Scott.) Br Millie Vritchard. Holladay, Ninth A. Stanza 1 tells about the minstrel talk ing to the ladies, Stanza 3 begins the song with an in vitation to Rosa belle.. . - 8tanza 3 tells of the - approaching storm and the scream of the water jirite. Stanza 4 tells of the vision of the eer. Stanza S and $ given Rosabelle's rea sons for wanting to mo. Stanza T, 8, 9, 10 and 11 describe Roa llne and the mysterious light. ' Stanza 12 tells or Kosabclle s last restlnar rlttcev Stanza 13 compares - the' burial - of J Rosabclle with that of her relations, t HISTORY ' v Iff) v .i!lm,ilwiiilLWiilfi.Saq'U 1 til hJ- t&4- ; n j n. . .-It r A ; sr- ! A Mulr : Glacier Harry : Davis, Ladd, .;. : -. Ninth B. ' . "' Muir Glacier . '. By Harland Tucker, Ladd, Ninth A. It was a cold July morning when we Stearned into Glacier bay, Alaska, at the end of 'which lies, Muir glacier, which has "-never been explored. As the boat wound Ha way through the bay, dodging, the dangerous Icebergs, some one on board said he could see a mirage of a city ahead, but. It was very foggy and the rest were' in doubt as to the nature of it. -When we drew - nearer after passing all day' through fields of ice we saw that it was Muir glacier. By this' time we .were farther into the bay. than ships had ever- sailed before, in fact we were In a small Inlet that had never been navigated by any style of craft oh account of the dense Ice. We considered ourselves very for tunate Indeed to get so near the glacier itself, but when some one asked the captain If we could land, to our sur prise he said we might. Soon everything was excitement on board, officers running, shouting or ders, and the. usual "Aye, Aye, sir" in response, passengers asking questions; In fact, every one talking rapidly. The speed of the ship being slackened, soundings were taken of the bay and it was nameu "Thomas bay," in honor of our good captain. ' We were within three fourths of a mile of the mass of ice which cov ered 366 square miles, when the life boats were lowered and the people that wanted to go were taken ashore. The sailors were obliged to carry the pas senaers ashore on their .shoulders, be cause the water was too shallow for the boats to land. This water is so cold that a person could not live In it five minutes. - As we walked along the ice we no ticed a huge mass tiiat was about a foot or two from the .ground on onl side, and that touched the around on the other. By getting down and lying flat we could see a cave which some one said resembled the Blue Grotto in Italy. On" our return we were startled by e crash behind us and upon turning be held the bay lashed into a fury by falling masses of Ice. A little farther still we came to the very edge of a the School of Trade. deep chasm perhaps 100 feet or so deep. By this time the boats had returned for us and we went back to the ship and steamed out of the bay, proud of the fact that we were the first per sons to land on the face of Muir glacier. Christinas in My Country (Austria). By Jerry Allesio, Ladd school. (This boy entered Ladd school April, 1908. He could speak no English at the time). One day before Christmas I went with my father on . the hills and we cut tree. When we cut tree we put our tree on the florae, which Id carry home for us.' When we came home my sisters take tree in the house and they fix it for a Christmas tree. They put on the, tree oranges, . lemons. ap ples, candy, cake and every kind of fruit and we have good time and our friendsv too. All the. children have fun over there In my country. We have so many Christmas songs and we sing, laugh and play so many things. At Christmas time the chil dren have one week vacation.' ' ' ' On Christmas day we go In the church and everybody goes In, the church be cause' In. my country everybody la Catholic. When we. came back from the church we go to stand eat Christ mas dinner. - , - Then we go again to the church on the old year and the, bishop tells us how many people Is dfed in all year and "how many have married in all year and how manv people went to America from my country. . That -was last year. 1907. -I went from home to America this year In March month: We have always good time . over there in Austria.. -. ' - ' . , t . .. . LADD, HOLLADAY AMD TRADE SCHOOLS Samples of Lettering in School The Electric Motor By Glen Whlteaker, School of Trades. One of the first electric motors in which a continuous motion was pro duced by means of the repulsions and Attractions between electro-magnets a,nd fixed magnets, or electro-magnets was invented after long and continuous ex periments by Ritchie. . ' ; Ritchie's ' first '-machine was very simple and crude, but. it developed enough power to show that If It were sufficiently Improved it would . become one of the best kinds of motors in the world, for running certain kinds of machinery. The electric motor has been uni versally improved to such an extoht that today tt is at wOrk in shops, stores and on streetcars, and in many places where other kinds of power could not be used. ' . The shapes, types, powers and forms of the electric motor are as varied and different' as those of most other kinds of machinery. The one common prin ciple, .however. Is the same, that of an armature revolving within a field, and Jines of force cutting lines of force. The speed of an armature when at full work is usually from 1200 to 2000 revolutions a minute. As few ma- 8. An Early Attempt By Andree Auspland, Holladay, First A. chines are designed to work at that velocity, a system of speeding down with back gears, or ' counter shafts and pulleys, is employed. The motor Itself cannot be slowed down, without losing its power. The efficiency of these motors is due to the centrifugal motion of the mass of iron and. wire In the armature and the momeritum it develops when spurred on hy the mag netism of the field magnets acting upon certain electrified 'sections of the armature. The armature of a working motor Is usually of such high resist ance that the current employed to run It would heat and burn out the wives If the full force of the current was permitted to flow through it for any length of time. As the armature ro tates It lias counter electro-motive force impressed upon it. This acts like resistance, and reduces the current passing through. The higher the speed the less cur rent the motor takes, so that after a motor has attained its, highest or normal speed, it is using less than half the current required to start it. Reduction of the current In the arma ture reduces torque, so that the turn ing force of the armature is reduced as its speed of rotation Increases while the momentum, or throw produces pow er at high speed together with an actual saving of current. An armature revolving at 1600 revolutions a minute, and giving balf a horse power on u current of five amperes, is more eco nomical than one making .100 to 500 revolutions a minute, and giving half a horse power on a current of 15 to 20 amperes. Thus, a slowly turninj; armature takes more current and exert higher torque than a rapidly rotating one. To protect the fine wire on the arma ture from burning,' In high voltage ma chines a starting box, or rheostat, is employed. The motor begins working on a reduced current, and as it picks up speed more current Is let In, and so on until the full force of the current Is flowing through the motor. It Is then turning fast enough to protect Itself through the counter electro motive force. Parents who desire to enter their boys in the trade school at the beginning of the new term In February can get application blanks ' from the principals of their respective schools. Mft .f y . Ji Plan of Machine Bolt By Wallace Carlson, School of Trades. , The American Indian. By Laura Hartman, Holladay, Eighth A. It is uncertain where the Indian came from, but we know that they lived in North America long before Greece and Rome were founded. When Columbus came to the Island of San Salvador he thought it was Asia and -called the na tives Indians. All these natives are similar in their appearance, having black hair and high cheek bones. The Indian, as he appears to the eye, is not very strong, but he Is as strong as any other num. The Indian will be kind to you if he Is a friend of yours, but if he Is not he will be cruel and treacherous. He will not fight you openly, but will shoot you without a minute's warning. The Indian is very lazy and filthy. He thinks that work is only fit for women and children. The fact that he did not like to work and that he did not want to buy or sell land Is the reason why he did not take up the white man's civ ilization. .If the white man caught an Indian and would torture him, the In dian would not make a sound,- Although the Indian men were lazy, the women planted corn, pumpkins, beans, tobacco and tomatoes and even spun wool and cotton cloth. I believe the white people had a right to come over arid take the land from the Indians, because they did not make as good use of it, aa the white people did. v. ; i -'-, . . - of Trade By Adolph Adams. Art of Disk Washing By Eugenie Pickering, Ladd, Seventh' A. Now my friends, for I hope that's what yoti are, let me tell you a few helpful hints about washing dishes. I know there are some girls, and boys also, who do not like to wash dishes, but I think it a nice thing to do. Tou know we all have to eat on. dishes and don't you like nice clean dishes to eat upon? , When your breakfast, dinner or sup per Is over, excuse yourself and go quietly to your room and get ready to wash dishes! Take off your rings, if you have any, fOr rings do not go good with dishwater; don a large apron, one that Will cover . your dress up good and keep it clean. As soon as this is finished, go Into the dining room and gather "up the dishes and, by all means- If there are any crapes or cake left, do not eat them, but put them safely away where you are sure no one else will get them till next meal. . When you have your dishes all gath ered up, take a clean fresh piece of cloth or paper, I prefer the paper as you can burn In up as soon as you use It, and wipe them off . clean, so there will be no grease left on them. You are now ready to begin to wasli them. If you have any rubber gloves J" o that are used for this purpose, put them on. Do not use any soap when you wash them, because a little lump might stay on the dish. Would not your meat or potato taste nice with a chunk of soap? You must hurry and wash them while the water is hot. then put them In a lean dripping pan ana scaia. i nen wipe dry and smooth. Be sure to put them away in their correct places, so when you go to get a dish you know where to get it, even in the dark. Don't forget to wash your hands and dry them, for. If you don't, they are apt to chap, and be very sore. Indeed. Were you going to forget your apron that you had on? Well. I guess it is time to have it off and laid away for next time. Now, when mother asks who washed the dishes "so nice," you can answer, proudly. "I, mother." East Side Play The Phrenodlkena of the East Side high school are diligently practicing a snappy comic drama. "Breezy Point." which Is to be presented In the assem bly hall of the high school on the eve ning of Saturday, January 23. The members are working ambitiously un der the personal direction of Miss Delia Bradley, and a praiseworthy perform ance Is expected. My Christmas. By Gladys Ward, Ladd Second. What do you think Santa Claus brought me? He brought me a dear little Teddy bear. ' He is so cute. 1 like a dress him upjn dolly's dress. He looks so funny. I like to lay school with dolly and Teddy. I got a pretty boc.k and a little blackboard, too. I like to read my boot, lt'a name U Outdoor Pastimes. Victory! By Harry Davis, Ladd, Ninth B. Reading For Children The following . stories of adventure and travel may be found In the chil dren's room of the Public library; Barnum, V. C. (Rj "Juan and Juanlta"; story of two Mexican children who were captured by the Indians, their escape four years later and their Jour ney of 400 miles through the wilder ness to tne rexss settlements most The Art of Dish Washing By Eugenie Pickering, Ladd, Seventh A. thrllllngly told. Incidentally much In formation is given about Indian and Mexican life. Brooks. Noah- "First Across the Con tinent"; Ktory of the exploring expedi tion of Lewis and Clark in 1804-06, told as far as possible In the language of the explorers themselves. Bullen. F. T. "Cruise of the Cacha lot Round the World After Sperm Whales"; account of actual experiences on a South sea whaler. "I've never road anything that equaled it in Its deep sea wonder and mystery, nor do I think that any book before lias so completely covered the whole business of whale fishing, and at the same time given such real and new sea pictures. Kipling. :tpllr But terworth, Hezeklah "Zigzag Jour- neys in the Great Northwest : de scrlhes a trip through the Canadian Rockies with their emerald glaciers, deep canyons and mad. wild rivers, to Vancouver, Tacoma. the beautiful, and other cities of the l'uget sound and ine i oiumin.i river. Butterworth. Hezeklah "Zigzag Jour neys In the OrU-iit"; the eastern ques tion nnd the "sick man of Turkey" in terest the Zigzag club and they make an investigating tour from Vienna to tnc widen Morn, the t.uxine, Moscow atxl St. Petersburg. Carpenter. K. (5. "Europe"; this bonk aims to give the children a nlaln and simple description of the countries of l-.urnpe as they are today. It is the children themselves who climb the Alps and nta"d on the Nortli Carie watching the sun shine at midnight, go from citv to city, from farm to farm. and factory to factory, seeing how the various people live ano; what they are doing in the work of the world. It Is they who are admitted to the pal aces, parliaments ami nubile offices where they learn how each nation is governed. Iu Challlu. P. B. "Country of the Dwarfs"; strange experiences among the African pygmies and the great ne gro tribes In whose country the little men live. Du Chaillu. P. B "My Aplngi King dom'; the author's life among tru st range Inhabitants of Apingl land and his adventures on the great Sahara des ert. Eegleston, G. C "Wreck of the Red Hlrd '; a story of the Carolina coast. George, M. M. "Little Journeys to Hawaii and the Philippine Islands." Horton, Edith "Frozen North"; an account of Arctic exploration; contains chapters on Sir John Franklin. Eltsha Kent Kane, The Eskimo, Hunting In the Icy North. Voyage of the Jeannette, Nansen Crosses Greenland. Andrea's Balloon Expedition to the Pole. etc. Irving, Washington "Alhambra"; leg ends, tradition and fairy tales- With which time has woven around the ruins of the beautiful Moorish palace. Among them are: The Arabian Astrologer, The Three Beautiful Princesses, The Rose of the Alhambra, The Moor's Legacy. Knox, T. W. "Adventures or Two Youths in a Journey to Egypt and the Holy Iand"; describes the Suez canal, the great pyramids of. Egypt the tomb of the sacred hulls, a ramei Journey to the Island of Phllae, "shcxting the rap Ids" of the Nile, visits to Jerusalem Da mascus and many other interesting places. ... Peary. M. A.. Peary, Mrs. J. (P.) "Children of the Arctic,!" by the Snow Baby and her mother;, story of a year spent with Icebergs and great Ice fields, glaciers, polar bears and Eskimo chil dren.' by the "Snow Baby . when 4 years old. Stockton F. R. "Personally Conduct ed"; travels through ' the "City f the Bended Knee," "Queen Paris," "King London," and other cities. Yonge, C M.-"Littl Lucy's Wonder ful .Globe"; a little girl's dreams of children In other countries. Italy Africa. ChilMk, Germans KuaLn- Kamachatka. . A Sketch From Sleepy 'Hollow By Elna Anderson, Holladay. Seventh B. The Van Tassel home was situated on the banks of the Hudson in one of the many green nooks where the Dutch farmers so much loved to nestle. At the foot of a great elm tree, which spread its big branches over the home, fiubbled up a spring of the finest water n a barrel, which formed a little well. Near the farmhouse was a great barn, which might have been used as a church, being so large. In and out of which martins and swallows were sklm- mlng and twittering. In row on the roof sat pigeons of every size and description and all man ner of attitudes enjoying the Sunshine. In the barnvard cattle and fowl were enjoying themselves in the best manner t-fif?aK ':&:;:.,:?- i--:vl; i-.?i'?.t.'awi Portland's Pride Hount Hood By possible, looking so satisfied that any one could have seen that they were well fed and taken care of. Not far off was the farmhouse where one could now and then catch a glimpse of Dame Van Tassel hurrying through her one thou sand and one small duties. The home In which she so busied her self in making pleasant for her one daughter Katrina and her kind hearted husband. Old Baltus Van Tassel, Is worth peeping into. This home was one of those roomy farmhouses with low projecting eaves which formed a veranda that could be closed up In bad weather. Under this hung harness, fLshlng nets and various other utensils. Benches stood along the sides of this porch, and here was where much of the churning and spinning was done. On entering the large hall you would first see rows of pewter plates arranged on a long dresser which fairly dazzled your eyes. Strings of dried apples, peaches and red peppers were hung on the walls. A door which to my thoughts was left open on purpose showed to .an in quisitive Intruder the best parlor where we find the claw footed chairs and dark, shining mahogany tables. Mock oranges nnd shells decorated the mantle piece, while strings of different colored birds' eggs were hung above It. A cupboard with the door left ajar, displaying great treasures of old sliver and well mended china was the chief attraction of the room to some eyes. Santlalphon. By Augusta Ziegler. Holladay school. Ninth A. In th? old Jewish Talmud there Is found a beautiful legend of Sandalphon the angel of prayer. Jacob, an he slept in the desert at nifc'ht. saw Sandalphon. listening for pravers, with his feet on the ladder of light. According to the legend st the gates of the city Celestial are angels of wind and of fire that sing one hymn and die with the Joy in the song. Among the dead nngels Sandalphon Is standing listening for the prayers of the mortals. He listens for the prayers of the weary and sorrowing people below, who pray that their crosses, so heavy for them to hear, may be lifted from them. Sandalphon takes these prayers' and twines them Into wreaths of flowers and their fragrance floats into the gates of heaven. This story la a legend that was told to the simple people long ago, but it is beautiful and fascinating to us. Now. when I look up into the sky and the milky way is so white, 1. too. with the poet, seem to see Sandalphon stand ing among the stars with his wings out spread. Bird, Houses Made by Bora in , ssS9TJ , i.,??3"r- " "" 1" I A , ' ' '; 1 :.H .Wv f -f 1- -- ... ' ii i i i SMti A Fumy: tale OF FLOWERS Pretty "-Myth Pleases the luetic Mind of School Girl. By Gertrude Stone. Ladd, Ninth B. - one wnoio long tnree monins ine sun did not shine at all, for he was a little angry and was seriously thinking, lie had seen the fairies make flowers likt the stars, had seen gardens planted it the shape of the moon, but had nevur . seen anything like himself. He will angrv, and did he not have a right to be? Had he not befriended the fair!' always, and helped them to bring up flowers? Had lie not spent many of his messengers, the sunbeams, in drlvinsr away their dreaded enemy. Jack Krost? So, as 1 suid before, he dtd not shine, or, in other words, did not send any sunbeams whatever down on t'oa eanlv to'Jielp the fairies for three long months. At the end of that time he thought of a scheme, and -it was not long bcfor) he sent a bright sunbeam darting down , to the earth. , ; "At last!" cried the fairies. "Re Joice! For here is a sunbeam come tot deliver us out of darkness." They all ran to greet It. but got there just n time to see it go stralsht Into the ground, and again the earth was i . utter darkness. "Oh!" wailed the fairies, "what shall we uo f vv t) nave ueen inreuvwuci. ntii. -banishment from the earth, and now U will surely come, for we are not al lowed to perform our work. But in the midst of their mourning came a number of sunbeams, which , brightened up the world once more. The fairies then had a great feast, and it was agreed that the very next flower should be named for -the sun, in honor of the occasion. The following day, when the fairy who planted all flowers was wandering In the fields endeavoring to think of a new kind, she found a large yellow flower in the field. Sho had not planted it and wondered how it could have got there. Suddenly she remembered that it stood in the exact spot Into -which the sunbeam had glided the day before. She called all the fairies and told them about it, anil the -lueen said. "It shall be called the sunflower, for it looks Just like the sun, and we shall always ' love It- because lie ent it as the first 'J Alice Brown, Ladd. Eighth A. messenger of light after our long period of darkness. Let us all Join hands and dance around It." The sun always loved the new flower more than he had ever loved anything else. He sent so many sunbeams down to visit It. every day that toward the end of the summer Its petals fell orf and Its center turned brown. Then, the sun felt very sad, until a fairy assured him that his flower would coma up again another year. It comes up every year, but the sun loves It so that every time he sends down too manv sunbeams and it fades away as that first one did so long ago. Piano Seat Made by Alex Lange, Manual Training, Holladay, Eighth A. . ' - '-'' The Naughtiest Day in My Life. By Nelson Montgomery, Holladay, ; Eighth B, I remember well one of the naughti est days la my life.' It was when I went out in the chicken yard, and caught three chickens. I was between 5 and S years old. I thought I would play jail with my chicken prisoners. I caught the three chickens and tied a string around their necks so they would not -get away, and led them around inside the coop. Then I at lit judgment on them and pronounced them guilty. I deckled to hang them one by one, over the roost I must have let them hang; there for four .of five min utes. .- . -': . - ' I thought then I would turn them loose, for I heard mamma calling me. But when I set them on the ground and they did not move I commenced to cry, for 1 knew I had killed them. And mamma must have heard me crying, for sha came running -out to see what was the matter with me. When she saw the chickens she looked at me livst and then back at them. Then without say ing a word she picket me up and toolc ma into the house. And then well you can imagine the rest. . . j,pr!)im Holladay Jla ( flfM 0 II is k i Xiulwlit.,", i. i-