THE - OREGON DAILY JOURNAL PORTLAND." WEDNESDAY EVENING, ' NOVEMBER 18, ' 1908
COUilTliY LIFE
COBSION
COUG
Leaves Washington for Tour
of South and West-Will
Discuss Various Problems
Concerning Rural Devel
- opment Visit Portland.
(Special Dispatch to Th Journal.)
Washington. D."-C. Nov. ItThe
commission on country life, appointed
by President Roosevelt, left Washing
ton today and will visit several educa
tional centers of the west for the pur
pose of obtaining Information on the
condition of western life, whether any
thing needs to be done to Improve it,
and if so what It may be. It Is pro
posed to hold hearings at agricultural
colleges so far as practicable as these
Institutions provide effective ' organiza
tions for securing the attendance of
persons who are well qualified to ex
press an opinion on country life ques
tions. .
In particular1 the commission Invites
the attendance at these hearings of
representative farmers, teachers, bus
iness men, physicians and others who
live In the open country or have direct
relations with It. Accredited delegates
from granges, farmers' clubs or simi
lar organizations as well as farmers
and others who come on their own re
sponsibility amd who are likely to be
helpful In the Investigation will be
welcome. The meetings will be. public,
but are not held for the purpose of
making speeches.
Pull and free discussions of the vari
ous problems affecting the life of the
farmer, especially those relating to the
larger economic, social and sanitary
form the basis for these hearings. As
the commission can meet only a short
time at each place, a portion of the
conference will be devoted to mapping
out plans for further consideration mid
study of these questions, the results
to be submitted at n later date for the
use of thn commission.
The party will divide at Sacramento,
several members will go jjorth to hold
hearings at Spokane. December 4 and
6. and Bowman, December 6 end 7,
reaching Omaha to hold Joint sessions
with the others during the Corn expo
sition. The party will be in charge of
C. J. Blanchard , statistician United
States reclamation service, Washing
ton. D. C
The itinerary of the commission Is
as follows: " '
.Dallas, Techs, " November 20-21; El
Paso, Texas, November 22-23; Tucson,
Ariz., November 24; Los Angeles. Cat.,
November 26-2S; Fresno, Cal.. Novem
ber 27; San Francisco, Cal... November
28-29; Sacramento, Cal., November 30;
Reno, Nev., December 1; Salt I.aka
City, Utah, December 2-3-4; .Denver.
Colo., December 6-6; Fort Collins,
Colo., December 7-8; Omaha, Neb., De
cember 9-10; Minneapolis, Minn., De
cember 11; Madison, wis., December 12;
Champaign, 111., December 14; Ithaca,
N. Y., December 16; Washington, D. C,
December 17.
Second Party JTorthbound.
Leave 8acramento December 1 or
November 80; Portland, Or., December
Zi Spokane, Wash., December 4-6;
Bozeman, Mont., December 6-7; Oma
ha, Neb.. December" 8-10.
LUMBER ATTORNEYS
COMPLETE COXPLAINT
(Special Dispatch to The Journal
Washington. D. C, Nov. 18. A. F.
Specht and W. A. Wimblsh, attorneys
for the Pacific . Coast Lumber Manu
facturers' associn tlon, closed today
i their nMtlmlntrtr 'work SB the COm-
(.U4t i- i ..mnUmanfil n a Invatv
ling the lata lumber freight, tacraasa
ana airrerenuais to poiuis rmr
suoh as Montana. They alleged that
the railroads have violated the order
of ' the Interstate commerce) commis
sion, with reference to these matters.
Tha Oregon lumber representatives
who will appear before the ways and
means committee of the house i nave
already partly prepared matter for
submission, in the form of a con
condensed printed statement. In which
they claim tha retention of the exist
in iiiim la. nanessarv to the DrOS-
nerltv of the timber Industry of tha
coast as well as to tha national con
servation movement ;
Senator Fulton will arrlva here to
morrow, '
25 YEARS OF
STANDARD TIME
.... i y':' - M r -v
i '' ' 'V ' . . . , ' ' " "' ' '' '
Before Novemer 18, 1883,
One Never Knew Where
One Was At, or When.
(Special Dispatch to The JocrnaU
Washington, p. C, Nov, 18. Twenty
five years ago today took place that
world-wide revolution in measuring
time the adoption of ' tha gtsndard
method in the United States, whose ex
amples was followed later by other civ
ilized countries. Previous to November
18, 1883, the methods of measuring time
in this country were so varied and so
numerous as to be ludicrous. There
were 60 different standards used in the
United States from coast to coast, and
Oh one' road between New York and
Boston, whose actual difference Is 1J
minutes, there were three distinct stand
ards of time.- ' r
Hven email tewns had two different
standards, on known as "town" or lo
cal time and the other "railroad" time.
Naturally this condition .of affairs
caused endless complications, and rail
road officials were harried to the point
of despair In their efforts to make out
time tables that could be understood
by the lay public.
There were many minds which
wrestled with the problem. As early
as 1869 Professor Charles F. Dowd of
Saratoga, N. Y., worked out a theory
by which he proposed that time should
be regulated by meridians of one hour
apart. Sir Sanford Fleming presented
a plan based on the 24-'elock notation.
The plan which was finally adopted
and brought into practice was worked
out by W. F. Allen of New York, secre
tary and treasurer of the American
Railway association.
At noon on November 18, 1888, there
was a general resetting of watches and
clocks all over the United States and
Canada, and the four great time zones,
one hour apart, into which the conti
nent is divided, came into being. So
smoothly did Jtlr. Allen's plan work
from the beginning that the general re
adjustment was accomplished without
great difficulty, and it has worked sat
isfactorily ever since. Other countries
were quick to take notice of the conve
nience of the new arrangement, and the
majority of them have adopted the
same system.
H0TALTNG sued by
TWELVE DEPOSITORS
(United Prwa Lcaaed Wire.)
Bun Francisco. Nov. 18. Richard Ho-
taltug, capitalist and actor, is prepar
ing to combat suits filed against him
by twelve depositors in the defunct
California Safe Deposit & Trust com
pany, for 872.280. they alleKln that
as a stockholder in the Institution he Is
partly liable for its failure. The Ho
taling estate was heavily Interested in
the defunct bank. Shortly before Its
failure Hotaling purchased 200 shares
at 8160 a share. At the time of the
failure the Hotaling Interests made a
heroic effort to straighten out the
bank's tangled affairs.
CHS OF
OLD TIES
AND HOW
Mere Politicians Once Good
Enough, as Advisers, hut
Men Who Do Things Are
Now Demanded Whom
Taft May Select. ,
Andersonville Monument.
(Siwlal Plapatrh to The Journal )
Andersonville. Ga., Nov. 18. The
dedication of the Indiana monument
here will take place tomorrow and will
be attended by a larger party of state
officials and others from Indiana. The
monument is of handsome design and
was erected In honor of the Indiana
soldier dead who are burled In the Na
tional cemetery here. The dedication
will be accompanied Dy interesting cer
ermonlcs.
By FREDERIC J. HASKIN.
(Copyright, 1908, by Frederic J. Haskln.)
Washington. Nov. 18. Not until tha
fourth day of next March, when William
Howard Taft has taken the oath of of
fice aa president of the United. States
and has announced the nomination of
his cabinet, will there be an end to the
speculations of voluntary "cabinet
makers." The importance of the cabi
net In American politics has been stead
ily decreasing while the Importance of
the administrative duties of the indi
vidual members of the cabinet has In
creased. Mr. Tat has served in the
cabinet as secretary of war, his father
served as secretary of war and as at
torney general, and he knows a great
deal about cabinets, cabinet timber and
cabinet building.
William Howard Taft Is the first man
to be elected president who has served
In a president s Vabinet, since the days
of James Buchanan. Experience in act
ual administrative government lias not
been deemed necessary as a qualifica
tion for the presidency. Mr. Taft's pe
culiar fitness for the position was urged
during the late campaign, but It is
nevertheless a fact that very few cabi
net officers have become president, and
the majority of cabinet members nom
inated for the highest office have failed
of election.
rew Cabinet Wen Elevated.
Mr. Taft Is the first secretary of
war to become president since James
Monroe, If exception be made of the
case of General Grunt, who was acting
head of tho war department for a briefj
time in tne stormy Johnson aamimstra
tlon. Jefferson Davis, the president of
the Confederate states, was secrecary of
war of the United States.
Six men who served as secretary of
state afterward became president
Thomas Jefferson, James Madison,
James Monroe, Martin Van Buren and
James Buchanan. The White House has
never been occupied by a man who had
served as secretary - of the treasury.
None of the other cabinet officers has
ever been promoted to the chief magis
tracy. The Btate department has fur
nished six presidents, the war depart
ment has given two. Including Taft,
but none of the others has brought
forth a man for the IrtHtd of the na
tion. The treasury department, however,
is credited with two chief Justices of
the supreme court Roger B. Taney and
Salmon P. Chase.
Old Hen May Be Betalned.
As Taft's administration will continue
the same political party In power there
is not the necessity for a clean sweep
or the cabinet slate which occurs when
the party power changes. There is little
doubt that Taft will retain in his cabi
net some of the men who have sat with
him at the council table of President
Roosevelt.
It is generally conceded that one of
those who will be retained is James
Wilson of Iowa, secretary of agriculture.
He is the only man who was In Mc
Kinley's cabinet who has served through
the Roosevelt administration. The port
war who has served In two cabinets
of opposite political complexion.
President Hayes appointed a Tennes
see Democrat. David McK. Key, to
postmaster-general, in 1877. Three years
later he was succeeded by Horace May
nard, a Tennessee Republican. Much
comment was caused by the action of
President Roosevelt in putting a south
ern man in the cabinet As a matter of
(act, every president after the war had
a southern' man in his cabinet until
William McKinley came ' to tha White
House in 1897. And If tha border states
of Maryland. Missouri and West Vir
ginia be counted, the south has had
representation in every cabinet since the
civil war. ,.--..-
Opposing reader la Cabins, ,..
;- At the beginning of tha government
under the constitution, President Wash
ington was very much afraid of the rise
of the party spirit. He did everything
possible to keep down . factional strife
and attempted tm resolve every quarrel
Into a compromise for the good of the
union. It was with this end In view
that he Invited Into his first cabinet
the leaders of the two wings of opinion.
He ' made Thomaa Jefferson secretary
of state and Alexander Hamilton secre
tary of the treasury. Ever since that
day every" political battle In the United
States has divided along lines marked
Jeffersonlan and Hamfltonian. That
these two great men did not agree in
the cabinet was Inevitable, but the
greater Washington managed to steer a
middle course and to take advantage
of the wisdom of each,1 eschewing the
unwisdom.
In that day and until the time of the
civil war the president's cabinet was
made up of personal advisers of the
president. The personnel of the body
was wholly In the keeping of the pres
ident, and he might change It at will.
The cabinet was regarded as' an ad
visory council, rather than aa an ad
ministrative body. True, cabinet offi
cers some times refused to do as the
president wished them to do. Andrew
Jackson had to change secretaries of the
treasury quite often In his celebrated
fight against the Bank of the United
States.
In Andy Johnson's Tims.
It was not until the storirfy adminis
tration of President Johnson that the
character of the cabinet was modified.
Congress and the president were at log
gerheads, and many members of the
cabinet were Intensely opposed to the
policies of the executive. Congress
thereupon proceeded to strengthen its
control over the administrative affairs
of government by passing the tenure of
office act, which made the consent of
the senate necessary to the removal of
a cabinet officer. President Johnson
vetoed the bill, but It was passed over
his protest. Under that law Johnson
suspended Kdwln M. Stanton, secretary
of war. The senate refused to concur
In the suspension and Stanton again
took up his duties. Stanton was doing
everything in his power to have the
president convicted on the Impeachment
trim in me senate. When Johnson was
acquitted Stanton "relinquished his of
fice." .
Had Johnson been removed on con
viction by the senate the tenure of of
fice act wouid have come to Its logical
conclusion it would have made the cab
inet supreme and the president a mere
figurehead. Rut when Johnson was ac
quitted the fight was lost. While the
law remained on the statute books, suc
ceeding presidents have claimed the
rlRht to determine the personnel of the
cabinet and no man lias attempted to
stay In a cabinet office against the
will of the president. Thus the cabinet
Is now, it was in the beginning,
practically responsible to the prestflent
alone.
Taft knows wfit a cabinet Is expect
ed to do and he knows better than any
other man what kind of men are needed
for the heads of the departments. His
selections probably will surprise the old
school politicians; they will not surprise
the newer school of adi.inlstratlve
business men.
0
Anty Drudge Goes to the Theatre
Even on Monday Nights.
Anty Drudge--"Won't you go to .the theatre with me
to-night, Mrs. Hardwork?"
Mrs. Hardwork "No, thank you. I never go anywhere '
on Monday night. I'm always tired out with .wash
ingaUday.1"
Anty Drudge "Why don't you use Fels-Naptha soap as
Mrs. Nuway does? Then you wouldn't he tired and
your wash would be drying on the line before noon."
You wrong
Fels-Naptha, and do
an injustice to your
self, if you use
Fels-Naptha as an
ordinary soap with
hot water. I t is
deadly to dirt and
grease andrgermsin
cold pr lukewarm
water. You . don' t
know what snow
white clothes are till
you see them washed
with Fels-Naptha.
Lots of other ways
Fels-Naptha will
save you work and
t i me. Directions
for all its uses on the
red and green wrap- '
per.v
folio of agriculture Is the only one that
has not changed hands during the pres
ent regime.
If Wilson is reappointed by Taft, and
If he serves until November 28, 1909,
he will have equalled the longest record
or continuous service in the cabinet.
Albert Gallatin, secretary of the treas
ury, served through all of the two Jef
ferson administrations, through all of
the first Madison administration and
into Madison's second term. The total
length of Gallatin's service was 12
years, eight months and 24 days. With
the expiration of Roosevelt's term,
Wilson will have served 12 years. It
Is probable that no one man's service
has resulted in such great direct bene
fit to the whole people of the United
States as that of James Wilson.
Cabinet of Many Changes.
. More changes have taken place In the
personnel of the cabinet during the
Roosevelt administration than under any
other president. He has had two sec
retaries of state John Hay and Elihu
Root; three secretaries of tho treasury
Lyman J. Gage. Leslie M. Shaw and
George B. Cortelyou; three secretaries of
war Elihu Root, William H. Taft and
Luke E. Wright; two secretaries of the
interior Ethan A. Hitchcock and
James K. Garfield; five secretaries of
the navy John IX Long, William H.
Moody, Paul Morton, Charles J. Bona
parte and Victor H. Metcalf; one secre
tary of agriculture James Wilson;
five postmasters general Charles Em
ory Smith, Henry C. Payne, Robert J.
Wynne, George B. Cortelyou and George
von L. Mever: three' attorneys general
Philander C. Knox. William H. Moody
and Charles J. Bonaparte; and three
secretaries of commerce and labor
George li. Cortelyou. Victor H. Metcalf
and Oscar S. Straus. The last named
office was created since Roosevelt be
came president.
Workers Wanted, Not Politicians.
The administrative duties of the in
dividual members of the cabinet have
Increased so rapidly in the past 20
years that presidents nowadays are
forced to consider other things than
political prominence as a qualification
for a portfolio. In olden days, the
cabinet'a chief function was to advise
the president on matters of govern
mental policy. Politicians were the men
for the places, and administrative duties
were quite generally delegated to sub
ordinates. The subordinates still do
a great deal of work, but it Is never
theless true that a change has come
over the cabinet. Measured by the old
standards, the cabinets of today are
comuaratively weak. By the rule of
the era of the card-Index they are
strong.
Hitchoock and Cortelyou.
It la believed that Taft will give
Frank H. Hitchcock, chairman of the
national Republican committee, a place
at the cabinet table. Roosevelt shocked
the "elder statesmen" of his party when
he introduced Cortelyou .into the dis
tinguished company of cabinet minis
ters. Both men are the products of a
practical age, trained to do great things
with the least possible friction by
means of perfect organization and sys
tem. Hitchcock will bo, as Cortelyou
has been, a successful administrative
officer. They know how to do the
big things-necessary to be done. But
It Is to bajdoubted if the country will
ever look either ss the author of a
great movement In statecraft.
Members' rrom Opposite Party.
It Is the general belief that Taft will
retain in his cabinet as secretary of
war Ma close personal friend, Luke E.
Wright of Tennessee. Wright still claims
to be a Democrat. More than one pres
ident has Invited personal friends of
opposite political faith to serve In the
cabinet. Walter Q. Greshamw an In
diana Republican, served as secretary of
war under President Arthur. Later
he was made secretary of state by Pres-'
Ident Cleveland, although he did pot re
nounce Ms claim to the title of "Repub
lican, He la the only nan sine thai
EVELT'S I
UK TO BUNKO
Federal Agents Seeking Oil
Stock Floaters at Oak
land, California.
(United Press baaaed Wlre.t
Washington, D. C, Nov. 18. Federal
agents at Oakland, Cal.. at the direction
of President Roosevelt are endeavoring
to discover trace of the Roosevelt Oil
company of that city, which has been
flooding tho mail with large, stock of
fers with the unauthorized use of the
president's name and accompanied by
the use of his photograph, also unau
thorized. It was learned here that the post
office Inspectors could find no clue to
the whereabouts of the company and
that the oil men at Oakland say they
know nothing of its existence. The ad
dress given on a stock circular was the
Union Savings Bank building, but there
is no Roosevelt Oil company at that
address.
In the meantime, on the rnmninint r
a financier who declares the operations
oi mo concern are questionable, the
postoffice authorities are gathering ev
idence to warrant the exclusion nf tha
company's circulars from the malls.
EMPRESS PIIESEXTS
HOSPITAL WITH X-RAY
(Special Diapatrh'ro The Jonrnal t
Berlin, Nov. 18. The empress has
presented to the hospital of Hildesbein a
complete installation of X-rays, and In
the afternoon of the day of presentation
visited the hospital, where she made an
explanation of X-rays and a photograph
of a hand In illustration.
It Is rumored In this city that In the
agreement lately celebrated between
England and Russia the latter obtained
the right of free passage in the Straits
of Dardanelles in exchange for the rec
ognition of British occupation In Egypt
The Interparliamentary union has ac
cepted the invitation of Canada to meet
next year in Quebec.
Prince Edward Elections.
Charlottetown, P. E. I., Nov. 18. Gen
eral elections for members of the
Prince Edward Island legislature are in
progress today. A liberal victory la
predicted, though possibly their major
ity may be cut.
A FAT BABY
Usually Evidenoe
of Proper Feeding1,
' " r"' ' C r : ' '
-f J-i'Y - el. f . iVt
r :xr f
vV 1 ' I '
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I M i s ' - k
SS'-,'''- -"',' ; ' S
THAMVING
Less than two weeks away it will be
wise to provide yourself with ,
one of our
RAINCOATS or
OVERCOATS
now, while choosing is at its best.
The superiority of those we sell
is conceded by everyone.
If you would join the ranks of
satisfied customers, have our
genial salesmen show you
no obligation to purchase.
MODESTLY PRICED "
$1 5 to $4
m
LEADING CLOTHIER
l Babies grow very rapidly and If they
do not get the right kind of food they
grow backwards instead of forwards
that is, when their food Is not nourish
ing they grow thin and cross and some
of them die from tha lack of the riarht
kind of food. A girl writes:
'My aunt's baby was very delicate
and was always ill. She was not able
to nurse it and took it to one doctor
after another, but none of them did
the child any good.
'One day mother told my aunt to trv
Grape-Nut for the baby, but she
laughed and said if the doctors couldn't
do the baby any good," how could
Grape-Nuts? But mother said try it
anyway."
'So my aunt put one tablespoonful of
Grape-Nuts In a quarter cup of hot
water and when the food was soft ahe
added as much milk as water and
gava that to the baby.
'In. a month and a half yon- would
hardly have known that baby. It. was so
fat and thrived so fast. A neighbor
asked my aunt what made the baby so
healthy and fat when Onlyv six weeks
before it was so thin. - She said
Grape-Nuts.' The neighbor got Grape
Nuts for her baby and it was soon as
fat as my aunt's child."
"There's a reason." -
Name given by Postum Co., Battle
Creek, Mich. Read "Tha Road to Well
ville," In pkgs. ' . t
' Evr read th above letter?, A
new one appears from time to time.
I'hef are genuine, true and full of
human Interest. m : -
TWO WAYS '
of SHOPPING
One way to search for
bargains is to visit the shops
usually it tires and wears
you out.
The other way is the plan
of those who now who
have abandoned this method
they read Journal Want
Ads every evening perhaps
while eating their supper.
The result is they find the best bargains without trouble or incon
venience, without the need of leaving home.
Thousands of people tell their wants in Journal Want Ads every day.
If you can supply them you make money. If some one fills your wants
you save money. You may want a stove or a sewing machine. Read
Journal Want Ads and see who wants to sell theirs at a low price.
You Can Easily Sell the Things
You Have No More Use For
! KM
. . New Jersey Odd Fellowg.
(Special Plapatrh to The Journal. N
Trenton, N. J.. Nov. it. The annual
meeting of the New Jersey Grand Ijodge
of Oddfellows began In this city today
and will contjpue over tomorrow. One
of the principal feature of the session
will be the laying of the cornerstone
of tho addition to th Oddfeflows' Home
near here. .
Eyes tested free at Jfe''gr's
.LydlA Thompson..
(I nitf 4 rreae Ii.1 t . ,
New York. N-iv. I - -
S'Ml. Itllrt a ! t: i - , - -
t'-rlay ...,':