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About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 11, 1908)
aw 1 . THE DAILY jpURNAL IS SOLD ON, THE STREETG OF PORTLAND AT TWO CENTS ,A CO! sar USE DAILY JOURNAL . Want Ads. USE THE JOURNAL for Best Results. - L. The weather Fair tonight and ; Thursday; easterly winds. JOURNAL CIRCULATION " YESTERDAY WAS " ' ' ,596 VOL. VII.- NO. 31& PORTLAND, OREGON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 11, 1908. SIXTEEN PAGES. Dorrp ntirr "'Bvri . ow THanrs sun wrwi -XXAWU V I?. aTASTna. 1171 CISTL mm MPS - V0"0 mm a a a I ii r .av a - aava-sj . v -v v 1 ,r -v n - i i J - , v a .as m K r a 30 NALOONS Cottel and 'Concannon Change Their Votes-Rushlight Says He Will Intro duce Ordinance That ..Will Affect All Liquor Dealers Concannon's Views Without any discussion the city council this morning by a vote of 8 to 7 sustained Mayor Lane's veto of the Rushlight amendment to the Cel lars saloon ordinance. Councllmen Cottel and Concannon who had voted for, the amendment at the' last coun cil meeting changed their minds and recorded themselves against It. In explanation of Ws vot Councilman Concannon has addressed the. following letter to The Journal: I hafve reconsidered my vet on the Ruahllght amendmentf and have decided to sustain the irtayor's veto. ; For the paat week X hae been ln veatlgatinn the matter more thoroughly from both Rplnta of view, and have - come ta the conclusion that the Cellar ordinance is the best for- the moral betterment of the city. Being .blessed with seven children, four bo ve and three girls, and realising my duty before my Ood and m-v city In their behalf as well as having- been elected to an office of the city to make laws from a moral standpoint as well as otherwise, and the protection of other families.',' I firmly believe that I , Am' duty .bound to support the Cellars i ordinances , , j , v-k . " COUNCIfc&AN T. X CONCANNON, Those who went on record as favoring the Cellars ordinance-,-and rejecting Rushlight's amendment were Bennett, Cellars, Concannon, Cottel, Menefee, 1 DIE mil !ine Persons Killed Near New Orleans in Eear-End Col lision and Six Crushed to Death Near Chey enne, Wyo. Many Injured. X fUaltsd Frees Leased Whl New Orleans, Nov. 11. Nins persons are known to have been killed and a number Injured In a rear-end ooUlalon oa the New Orleans A Northeastern railway at Little Woods, 1 J miles from hers, today. ,f Tbs bodies Of the nine have been taken from the wreckage and the search may reveal more, A New Orleans ft Great . Northern train collided with s Northeastern pas senger train whloh carried fly coaches and a baggage car. All the ooaches of the Northeastern train were derailed and badly smashed. 825,000 FIRE VISITS RAINIER Many Business Places Suffer From Early Morning Conflagration. (Special Diana tea ta The Jsoraal.f Kalnler, Or,, Nov. 11. A 125,000 firs, replete with sensational escapes, oc curred here at 3 o'clock this morning when the business block owned by Mrs. EHlen Bryant was burned. Following are the places of business sustaining losses: - Elite Barber shop, owned by - E. J. Mills; New Goose saloon, Ed Clark j butcher shop, A. Clark; general storo, Rust Ferris; cigar and confectionery store. , Will Matteson; saloon. ; Fred Kramer; lodging house, K. Cos. . Tbs Ferris general store and the Cos lodging house1 were' entirely destroyed. .The totaPvalua of Ferris ' stock and fixtures is approximated at llt.000, in surance t,000. The lodging bouse arid furnishings are valued at 16,000. The value of the furnishings la placed at fl.OOe, uninsured. All the other places, of business In the block wars damaged y water only. Praise la given the Rainier fire boys. They did' unusually heroic work, "-. Although two streams of water were kept playing on the fire," It was thought .for a whilo that the entire city would be wiped out. A foggy morning and no wind averted this disaster. The Inmates Of the lodging hoUie all escaped scantily clad. Some were com pelled to perform well-nigh Impossible feats to get out of the burning building. "Routs Agent Haywood of the Northern Express company escaped by .sliding down a telephone pole. In front of tfie lodging house, He, completed xa toilet in the depot -waiting room. . Auditor Austin of tlte Astoria ft Columbia River railroad escaped through the Skylight, with his trunk. . 1 . This Is-the first destructhrs-firs In Rainier since nine years ago; -when the whole town was burned down. Mrs. Ellen Bryant if , at present In Vaughn, Wallace and 'Wells. Those op- fiosed to It were Annand, Baker,-Beld-ng. Driacoll, Dunning, Kellaher and Rushlight. While this action of the council set tles - the vexed question of permitting women in saloons for the tim bMng. Councilman Rushlight- says he will in troduce another ordinance at the next council meeting In an effort to kill the Cellars bill. "I am going to stand pat for a aauare deal o all salQonmen," said Mr. Rush light, "and the Cellars ordinance Is not ra.LT. - ii i can not get a square deal any other way I will try try to Dass -a pass -a measure which will .put all the saloons out of business) There will be no dis crimination then." - By sustaining the mayor's veto othe Rushlight amendment to the CelUsra. or dinance the council continues this ordi nance 1b effect and stands for the fol lowing radical regulations of the liquor traffic Exclusion of women from all saloons. Preventing the sale of liquor to wo men by restaurants and dining rooms that have not at least 409 square feet of flqpr apace. - The abolition of boxes, screens and other obstructions to a complete view from the street of the Interior of all establishments that sell liquor. The exemption of grocery stores a.nd drug stores from the provisions of the ordinance at the same, time shutting off Wholesale and family liquor stores from he patronage of women. By the strict observance of the ordi nance, prohibiting u oh places - as - the Turn Halle, the Hofbrau, and the Palmen Garten from profiting by femate oustom. . ' . I (Unites freas teased Wire.) Denver, Colo., Nov. 11. Reports from Borle, near Cheyenne, Wyo,. today say that nine persons were killed and threa severely injured in a freight wreck near that place today. The wreck was caused by an extra freight train crashing into the caboose of another freight train. Engineer Schley, Conductor . Murphy, Fireman Christensen, Brakemen Duncan,- Btitt and Rodgers and three Japa nese workmen are among, the dead. Three-bodies are still in the wreckage and there Is a ponsfblllty that still an other person was killed. " The collision occurred at a point on the Union Pacific 11 miles west of here. Tbs caboose caught fire from the ey glne. 16 AIID 25 BBTIM HITCH But It Was Not the, Fault of Chief of Police Secrist of Vancouver. (Special Dlaeatrh to The Journal.) Vancouver, wash., Nov. 11. Edna Graham, 16 years old, a pretty brunette; and John Stewart 26 years old, arrived ?'esterdav from Newberg, Or. The po lco chief, at that town telephoned Chief Secrist here that the girl was under age and to stop the marriage. Secrist took a eab, made a wild dash to- the county auditor's offloe and found the couple hed left with' a license 20 minutes before. , He called on all the iustloesof the: peace and ministers, le found the Rev. C. R.. O. ' Poole, a Baptist, was marnying the couple at the St. Elmo hotel. . He raced there In a cab, and when he got to the parlor the minister - was saying, "Man and wife." He: held the couple till the parents were communicated with and stated that If married the girl could go free. The girl was hysterical. . WRECKS null faaaaaaa, BUY OREGON MADE GOODS ', "There is nothing that will do more'to increase the population and wealth of a state than , factories: This is a large state, With plenty of room," said Max S., Hirsch, vice-president of the Wil lamette Tent & Awniiur mmnmnv MWTi. w nH 5 mnire neo- T 1 J?l. To get these, we roust do our best to encourage, rnanufactur-, mg, jtherefore'it is to the advantage "of every man, woman and child -who caHs Portland and Oregon home to buy Oregon made goods' whenever they. can.- ! ? " V - . u . ' "With the growth' of this city and state,' our business has' kept , i pace and increased accordingly: . This.' growth has induced us to., manufacture Other ' lines that have heretofore been made in the v 'east .This has-been instrumental in increasing' our working force,. X "I give ibis .as an' example showing in a small way how the . F"iuiiuu wn dc uicrcascu .anu now, an newcomers, win. una , reaay . work if the old factories eipand and. new ones are -induced to X come here." ' 1 x 'X LEO BEZfllC CAUGHT ' After a Tracy-Like Flight Notorious " Whistling; Eu fus" Is Captured in In glorious Slumber Won't Talk About English. (United' Pret Leesrd TVIre.) Seattle. Wash., Nov. 11. After elud ing a determined armed posse for It days, during which he was the spectao ular figure In several bold flights for liberty. Leo Besemer, alias "Whistling Rufus," who on October 28 chained E. P. English, a wealthy logger, to a tree near Mount Vernon, Skagit counfy. and demanded IS, 000 for his release, was captured by Deputy Sheriffs J. W Wheeler, Joe Hill and Steve Meek at 2 o'clock this morning at .the home of DavidV)y. a farmer.' on the south shore of Bitter lake, nine miles north west of this city. Besemer was brought to Seattle and lodged In the county Jail shortly Jiefore I o'clock this morning. . He wlH bu taken to Skagit county iall at Mount Vernon this afternoon. The capture of the hunted man was directly due to J. B. Johnson, a farmer, Johnson met the kidnaper on the county road several miles north of Bit- ter la ak e yesterday morning and immedi etely recognized Dim from a description wnicn nad appeared in the newspapers. Not wishing to tackle the kidnaper single-handed, Johnson said nothing to uezemer out went on nis way. it was not until late last nlKht that Johnson communicated with the sheriff's of fice and a Dosse was started to Bitter lake In an automobile. A dense foar Lhung over the county road and the posse iosi in way more man once. A rew minutes past l odock Wheel er. Meek and Hill reached Bitter lake. Caught WMle Asleep. While roaming alone the shores oY the lake the deputies found" the cabin of David Foy. "We knocked on the door," said Dep uty Sheriff Wheeler, "and a badly frightened woman, Mrs. Foy, answered the knock. She wanted to know what we were doing out so early in the morn ing. We told her we were after Bese- (Continued on Page Two.) ROOSEVELT HOT FRIEND OF PEACE Peace Society Man Stirs Up His Brethren With At tack on President. (United frees Leaaed Wire.) Philadelphia, Nov. 11. That President Roosevelt, winner' of the Nobel peace prise, should be considered an enemy of peace Is astonishing the members of tbs Friends - of Peace association today. Professor William Isaao Hull of Bwarthmore college is responsible for the statement and the members of the lnral branch of the organisation are in dlsmant at what they term an attack on one of their idols. "Theodore Kooseven is mosi dan gerous enemy to the cause of Interna tional peace to be found-Jn this coun try." declared Professor Hull In an ad dress before a select audience Of the association last night. He followed this up wun toe state ment that Captain Kicnmona fearson Hobson and Rear Admiral Robley D. Evans, who are among the foremost ad vocates of the 'expansion of the coun try's fighting strength, are greatly thmrtinr tho efforts that are being made to develop modern Ideas of peace DEINKLESS BOOZE; "WHISKEY JELLY TTnitod Pri Ui4 Wire.) v s North Yakima, Wash Nov. 11. Whiskey jelly made Its appearance in North Yakima yesterday, ' being recom mended by a representative of a Ken tucky distillery as a panacea for local option laws. The "drtnklesa drrnk" comes in the form of tablets or of stick candy and . can be chewed or dis solved In water. Its effect being Suf ficiently like the "real stuff" to con vines of Its power. Lighter Purses ; for tfhe Letters A.- ( W VfV; a'Ni Mss. Colin Campbell, nee Letter. (United Preaa teased Wlra.l New York, Nev. 11 Joseph Letter has lost more money on 'change than was at first reported. . The story is that he dropped a large part of his fortune One who will suffer from the nlunaer's sDeculattons is Mrs. Colin Campbell, formerly Nancy Lelter. Her income has been reduced by one half. conn cause AGAINST KAISER All Parties Unite in tur ther Cry Against Ab solutism. (United Press Leased Wire.) Berlin, Nov, 11. The relchstag was packed today when the debate on "the Indiscretions of the kaiser" was con tinued. . Every available seat In the gal leries was taken and there was no stand ing room. Herr Scrader, for the National Liber als; Herr-Hoffman,' for the United Lib erals; Herr Gamp, for the Conserved tlves, and Herr Zimmerman, for tbs Agrarians, led today's attack on the em peror, which was as bitter as tn yester day's debate. These ' leaders, representing opposing factions in the ' German parliament, joined on the issue before the relchstag and all demanded a limitation qf the kaiser's personal power, JThe speakers demanded a pledge that the kaiser refrain from giving Inter views in the future without first sub mitting his remarks to the ministers of the foreign office. "The dignity of the nation, to say nothing of Its. safety, demands that we check the royal prerogative of sowing broadcast - opinions that do not in the least reflect real German sentiment," declared ' Norman at the close of his speech. The other speakers took the same at titude. They resented, they said, the statement of the emperor that the large fleet of Germany was aimed against England. : It Is thought. a bill will be Introduced limiting the personal 'power of the em peror and that Chancellor Von Buelow wUl resign In consequence. ' Defends XaUer, Assails Advisers. Charging that none of the German emperor's advisers dared tell htm the truth concerning the state of national affairs and that since Bismarck's time Germany has not had an efficient chan cellor. Baron Camp, leader -of the Con servative party in the relchstag, came to the defense of Emperor William in today's debate on the London Telegraph Interview- Incident,- The speech of the Conservative leader was the sensation of the session. It was a direct slap at Chancellor Von Ejilow and It is thought 'Von Bulow's resignation will follow Immediately. ; ;.,t. - Baron Camp was the most deliberate and temnerate aDeakerv who has dis cussed the issue during the two days'- aenate. -- .. : "The real fault IS with ,-ths kaiser's advisers," : said Baron Camp, ."because none of them since Bismarck's time has dared tell him -the truth concerning na tional affaire.-" The - kaiser nasi admir able qualities of statesmanship, but he r, ?' j-n ,''' v - i irli. ' HELD UP BY Masked Bobber Shoots Valu able Dog at 49 Union Ave nue and Loots Till Loses Nerve and Gets Nothing in Italian Kesort. Two more hold-ups were added last night to the already long list of like crimes committed, in . Portland during the past few weeks. Borh Jobs were pulled off by the same, man, one at 7:6 and the other at 11:15 p. m. The Tbag Mad Xla Escape. At 11:15 o'clock a masked man pushed open the door of the saloon at 40 Union avenue and advancing In a crouching posture with revolver In hand, shoved the weapon under the nose of F. W. Lutkemeter, the proprietor, without say ing a word. - No word 1 was necessary. Lutkemeler saw the point and his hand went up promptly. Two other men were In the saloon at the time, playing cards at a table In the rear of the room. The thug com manded them to throw un . their hands and line up against the wall. He was uucjcu. At this point Fanny, a magnificent St. Bernard dog belonging to Lutke meler, that had been lying on the floor against the wall, saw that something was wrong... j ne auituae 01 ner mas ter and other men pussled her, and she suspected that the stranger with the gun was an enemy. Walking' over to mm. one joogea up ana Degan to Dark. The thug calmly turned his weapon downward and shot the doa-. through the chest. Without making a sound, she walked back and lav down again, blood pouring in a stream irom ner wound. sFhe robber then turned his attention to the men again: "Go and get mo the money out of the drawer," he told Lutkemeler. "I'd rather you did It yourself." Lut kemeler objected. "You do as I tell you," ordered the hold-up man, sharply, and the propri etor of the saloon obeyed, giving the man about $15 which was In the cash drawer. While this was going on another customer entered the door. The robber quickly turned his gun on him. "Line (Continued on Page Two.) PHIPPS BACK TO DIVORCED WIFE Story of Her Danger From Dynamiter Eevives Flame Once Extinguished. (Unites rreas Laaaad Wire.) Denver, Nov. 11. Following the at tempted dynamiting of Mrs. Lawrence C PhlppS and her 6-year-old daughter Helen, recently, society gossips here to- uny ro ninung or a remarriage be tween Mrs. Phlpps and her divorced husband. Lawrence Phlpps. the Pitts burg millionaire, as a result of the ad vent ure. Phlpps as soon as he learned at th attempt on the life of his former wife hurried to Denver. He found that Mrs. Allen Reed, the woman who hurled the dynamite, had been released from cus tody. Phlpps demanded her rearrest and to day she was again taken Into custody by the police. 11 is ngejy mere will be a criminal roeecutlon of Mrs. Reed. Mrs. PhlptfS as insisted that criminal attnn ha taken against the woman or that she be kept under surveillance tn an aivinm In this she is seconded by Phlpps, who fears a repetition ofUhe attack on his little daughter and his former wife. The police are seeking Madam Trnv who aocomDanied Mrs. Read on th train from Chicago to this city. They believe Madame Leroy worked on Mrs. Reed's susceptibility, by suggestion, to induce her to try extortion. Mrs. Reed, how ever, Insists that she did not follow Madams Leroy' s orders, which were. It Is said, to get the cash or kill Mrs. PhlPDS and her daurhter befnra fh got an arm's length away. Mrs, Reed was formerly Miss Frances Campbell Of Plttsf leld. Mass., where her late father was a wealthy manufac turer. WWW WW fill OUTSIDE opinion After stating editorially the fact that tha supreme court of North . Dakota had decided that members of a legislature pledged to vote for the popular choice for senator cannot be compelled to keep their pledges, the San Francisco Chronicle, a staunch Republican news paper, says: . "Of course they cannot. Everybody knew that. The method of, . choosing United States senators is. determined by the constitution. ,of the United States, and no state legislature can in any way affect it But neither does the federal constitution prevent legislators from promising to vote as their constituents direct. If. however they , make these pledges no power on . .t,., I,,.. J ;' publicly confess himself a . liar and immoral risrht 'to do so. And if thus -violate his promise it would :s .-enta Jo.' duck hint in a horse pond .might ocf it, and take their chances 5.ange......U;;.',,';. v- , RGED .PAY CLUE TO Idaho and Montana Officials Find Motive for St. Paul Railroad Crimes Society Girl's Love Letters Found in Trunk of Suspect Lives in Seattle. w The Sunday Morning Journal of November 8 contained a story of the wholesale murder of con struction gang workmen along the line of the Chicago, Mil waukee ft 8t Paul railroad e tension by a gang of desperate criminals. The murders were committed for the purpose of ob taining the men's pay checks, which were then, forged and cashed. The following story of subsequent arrests by Idaho and Montana officials and develop ments In the case is from The Journal's correspondent at- Wal lace, Idaho. (SDedal Dispatch to The Joornal.) Wallace. Idaho, Nov. H..-A woman's love letters may he the connecting link in the evidence that may send If a dozen men to the gallows. The name of the woman Is withheld by the police, but It Is known that shs is a well known young woman of Seattle and that she resides In one of the most fashion able parts of the city. William Lang don, for whom the police of the North ern Pacific detective department and of Butte are looking. Is the man who received the letters and bis sweetheart In Seattle is probably to this nay un aware of the character of the man whom she seems to have loved. The Butte police think that Langdon was the leader of a gang of forgers and he may be Involved In the U definitely known murders that hare taken place along the line of the newly constructed Chicago. Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad.; Langdon was a prizefight referee and an all round sport and has been under the eye of the railroad detectives for some time. ve Ken Xsld. At Mlver Bow. .Mont., there sre five men held on suspicion of having been accessories to the crime of wholesale murder, forgery and bunko-steerlng. The follce are gathering evidence against hem and it was during their search that they came upon the trunks of AMERICA IS JAPANS PREY saeaa.asn-. 1-i-Mi-iaaaMM.Saii-seaasajS Eminent Japanese Lawyer Says Nippon Can Invade at Will However, Mikado's Voice, for Peace, Is as That of Deity Cnlt4 Press Leased Wlre.t Baltimore, Md.. Nov. 11. "Japan has been left poor by the war. but you are practically unprotected here," declared Dr. Masujl Nlyakawa, the Japanese law yer, who represented Nippon In the San Francisco school controversy In a state ment today. "Japan could take Ban Francisco and pour Into California. We would hive no need of provisions: there Is fruit there In sufficient quantities to feed an army. The struggle raigm iai years, but It would oe in can rancisco that Japan could mobilise an army that might sweep the country. "Mind you, this Is only a theory. In answer to a tneoreuoai question, out you must remember that you nave no Port Arthur In this country." These startling and significant state ments were made by the Japanese law yer at the conclusion of an Interview In which he disclosed the plan of the Japanese ' to Invite 100 representative American newspaper men to visit Ja pan to study conditions. ut. myaaawa saia in pian naa al ready been formulated and that the emperor had signified his approval. In describing the proposition ut. Niyakawa said: "We of Japan regard America as ruled by the press. Your papers give the people news and -mould their opln- earth except their own sense of ti . a sneak he has the moral no the a legislator thus oledged should be" ntterlv illegal for his .conititu-. ! after he got home: Bat they with the law and the recording ' :' - '! V, ";'-V " " .;' CHECKS IBB Langdon and a man named Manning, which contained many letters from the ' Seattle woman. Langdon was recently; arrested on a minor charge and released -. on 1 660 ball and since that time bs has not been heard from. ; .. . . Two of the men held at Butte for al- I. leged connection with the St. Paul rail road crimes are James Manning and O. B, Bliss. Letters In the possession of Manning also Indicate that he has a " sweetheart living in Seattle and that she resides on Capitol Hill, a swell res idence district The name of the girl, as 1n the case of Langdon, is withheld. Numerous burglaries have been com-' mltted in Butte recently and the gang recently transferred Its attentions to this rflty and other to wns - nearby. Forged 8t Paul railroad pay checks have been passed along the line of the new road and the amount of. these In : the aggregate la thousands. . Wholesale Murders. The system under which; tbs mur derers, whoever they mav be, operater was to follow the grading gangs from camp to camp and get a line on. pay- , ments to be made to the men. Most of -.-f the laborers and mechanics come front all sections of the country and- are -Hot familiarly known to the section bosses. It Is not unusual for employes to draw their pay and never show up again, either spending their time In town un til their money Is gone, or leaving foe other parts of the country. It was not until, the discovery of threet eoa structlon gang men with their heads orushed in bv an Iron bar that It was determined that wholesale murder had been resorted to and pay checks taken from the. pockets of the vlotims, forged and cashed. In sll 16 bodies have been unearthed by the detective Last Fri day three corpses were found under ths -snow near a tunnel. The men had been cruellv beaten to death and their pock ets rifled. . . . In the trunks of the men held st ' Butte- and Silver Bow have been found . all manner of tools- for forging and rais ing checks. Pistols, blackjacks and riant Dowder were among the evidence of dastardly work by the gang. Sheriff W. J. Ballev of this Discs has been working hard on the case and he says tnat mere is no temng now many men were lured from the camps nuu a...cu. . - - -j n .... . w . , ..... . ...... criminals, he said, was one of the worst tnat ever in rested mis section ana me railroad police believe that they have the clue to many safecracking Jobs and desperate hold-ups covering a wide ter ritory ana inciuaing vvasmngion ana - Oregon. . ..... to His People. loos. Count Oku ma. President Osano and President Usen of th two leading . steamship lines of Japan think, as do many of our prominent men. that if the newspapers only knew conditions In Ja pan they would sea Just how the two oountry's Interests are cohesive. Then . there would be little chance of 'Jingo1 war news creeping Into the columns o the papers. . ' "Those men who edlf are those. wh should know thex conditions. Now they dO. nOt. A - w. i . ... "When our emperor sent a personal ' message to the president, one of peace. the' people of Japan, the majority of whom hold th emperor as th descend ant of Ood who could not make a mis-" take, said: 'Great Is America. Ws must have peace.'- . ... "They echoed the mikado's thought. ' It is religion there to regard the mi kado as Ood. His message has insured peace." .... :; iioTolislFss ; Oil ELECTION DAY Magoon Will Order Troop.? ; to Preserve Peace If :. ; Xecessary, ' (Unites rreas Lease Wlre.T . Havana, Nov. 11, American army officers are leaving for their posts lit th six provinces, from which they will act as supervisors ot the. rural guar' as a further precaution against trouble' in' the national election of - 'November la. Th army officer were ordnred 1 their stations by Governor CharUa 1, Magoon recently. , 4 ' v Reports from many of trie tiwnn the Island Indicate that seri,.. i.i .. may be expected on -election dav 1 . . . ernor Magoon, would like t j.rcrv. ( ur wiiBoui caning ti tho Afi troops now statl-iin-t -,. ' 1 ever, - the - sttuatl. ..! i... , ! he win ordr out it, ..-. : , , Major jivrt'i( i, y ., Ised the ntrnj - b in n-tf , e ' ei'n.l T. . .-, 1 . 1 r- :i. - .'i i 1 , .