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About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 1, 1908)
THE OREGON SUJNDAY JOURNAL. PORTLAND, SUNDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 1, 1908. :sgsssszsszsaa:pggzzs5agszssss:gzssgss HYSTERICAL CACKLES . HEARD IN THE THEATRES ModWVeKcles of Amusement HaVe Punch in tne RJds for AU, . .WKctner Ttey See the Jolt or Not RetfulnM :, oi Old Fashioned" Comedy. . v .'. , ' ' X- "J H u it ii ii s I f H " , f M f M . M ' I i M I i T I M w V ' By J. F. S. ' TT A f? in a lalicfl? : '. .. "Some several years of experience in watcning laugns, thera'and occasionally indulging in them authorizes the answer that there is a great deal. ' That most laughs are hypocritical, hys terical, and can be turned on and off with the facility ot operation pi - ! r,.-..n k, Knishnar fhetii forever. - If it were not for a few real laughs, found here andjhere m the eiegles. there would be no theatre. Bernard Shaw has declared that the Ireat advantage the theatre has over the church i tbf&Yoaiza ugh unrestrainedly in the latter." It is conceived to make you laugh. "The oftener - you laugh the better. .The trouble, n tnat tnere are so icw uug. .w seen there that inspire laughter that is spontaneous and unaffected. The usual person goes to the ordinary farce comedy or musical comedy in-a state of hypnosis. He laughs but his laugh has the same relation to a real one -that the antics performed by a rnesmerist'ssubject at the beck ot the hand bear'to walking, running or jumping performed at the will of tne person himself. He laughs because he is told to, not because he wants to or even knows that he actually is laughing. The result is palpably evident to anyone who stands at the theatre door after one of these performances and watches the. people streaming out Almost to-a man they are so weary that theyVcan hardly make their way to a car or carriage or automobile. They are tired out, not because they laughed but because they were driven into-laughing. ; The mere act of laughing hurts ho one. But to be chased around and poked at and stuck under the ribs when you least expect it and to be turned over and tickled again is nerve-racking in the extreme. A child that is tiokled into laughter usually grows up to be a nervous wreck. Heaven olyJtnows what will be the fate of a race of men and women that aTe subjected to the same dangerous treatment. ( The pleasantest thing about Sheridan's comedies is'that in them he re sorts very little to this mechanical tickling process. 7 You feel that you can laugh without hearing the crack of the whip to compel you to. He doesn't stretch you on the rack and force you to laugh or die. And his reward is tjiat you laugh because you are pleased. True it takes some time to readjust oneself to the change.. The subject ? waking from his trance is naturally dazed. He feels his way carefully before doing of his own volition what he previously has been compelled to do. But the healthy ultimately replaces the artificial. Lady Teazle and Mrs. Malaprop, "Bob" Atres and Sir Peter, each in his way, has much more of the real comic about him thanr say, Hans and Nix put tqgether. Hans and Nix, it may be necessary to explain, held forth at the Baker last week to the accompaniment of much noise and tumult" on the part of the gentlemen themselves and a great deal of agon ized writhing, punctuated by unnatural screams, on the part of their audi- - Mes, 4iaod-4sIix-4tarme4..-ttp-. ta.4hc.ir. werk and.. gr w mje Jively the people in the house grew more distraught. They soon lost all control over their actions and becameas though in a nightmare. . When it was over and the curtain brought them out of their spell they came to with a start,, groped their way out of the building as best they could and went to their beds worn out, sleepless. - . . Incongruity,- as a source of comic effect, is a never failing source of amusement as well. It formed the basis for one of the best things in "The Road to Yesterday" which the Baker players gave so dramatically at the Bungalow last week. Reformado Jack, hero as he was, didn't hesitate to jump out of the window when he and his lady-love were attacked by the enemy. It was a ludicrous and entertaining view of a hero. It was one of several things that lifted "The Road to Yesterday" above the mediocre. But although the" playwrights were sometimes .illuminated by a streak of humor and reduced their mock heroics to the absurd in a rather clever fashion the Baker . company was not troubled by any such double-dealing, nor. did it lend a hand to it. Miss Jewel was as wrought up over it all as though she were playing Ophelia. Nor was Mr. Ayres a bit behind her. .He acted and acted ahd"cted. And. when twopf them did not suffice Mr. Gleason gallantly came to the rescue, wearing a villainous beard and striding around in an alarmed manner. It was all acting, and acting of the most intense sort. Tragedy dripped from the finger tips of the entire company. How often is the chorus girl sent weeping to bed? From various hys terics it seems that the much abused young. woman is nightly thrown into hysterics by the cruelty of her detractors. The eminent young author, Richard Harding Davis,, is her latest champion, According let. Mr. R. I L D. the young lady works hard all day, manicuring, massaging and bleaching, spends a few hours with the poets, reads in the classics and ancient litera ture another hour or so, goes' to the theatre, dances her best, and after a frugal repast, devoid of joy, awakes in the morning to see herself pilloried in the stocks. This sends her back sobbing to bed. v The thought of the young woman sobbing her heart out drives Mr. Davis into a passion, into such a passion indeed that he comes right out boldly in black and white and calls A. B. Walkley an ass. It seems to be a matter for the chorus girl, R. H. D., Mr. Walkley and the ass to fight out among them. The unfortunate part of it is that Mr. Walkley should be dragged into such company. Th. Sicilian players, who ar.'t! pear in America under the management of Charles Frohman,. will terminate their present engagement' in Berlin Oc tober tl. -From Berlin the organisation goes to Vlentia, and - then sail for America, to begin !t New York season at one of Mr. Frohman's theatres. Headed by Mlml Aguglie Ferrau. the company Includes some 60 odd artists, ind they have a repertoire of more than 20 realistic Sicilian plays. ,..-::, e- . . . - Charles Frohman has obtained for England and for America a new play, "Arsene Lupin," a kind of French "Raf fles.' written in book form as well as In the form of a pis'" " by Francis de Crolsset ."Arsene Xupin,'r which goes on i me Ainenee tneaire, fans, nexi Monday night has proved tov be one of the most absorbing; detective stories of modern Paris life. Its story concerns mo meeting oi a man ana a. woman who are both thieves, but who abandon their career of thievery because of weir love for each other. Mr. Frohman will produce the play in New York before ne gives u a London production. James J. Hackett is planning; a tour in m. rnyrcriui-jr or nis rormer Clays, in cluding "The Walls of Jericho." -A new book from J. M. Barrie is on the way. ' It is understood to be a sequer to "The Little White Bird," which was Published about five years ago. "When Wendy Grew Up,' is, said to be its title. A fine set of me first four folio editions of Shakespeare's plays which belonged to the late Bishop of Truro wJU De sold In London next week. These folios are all in choice condi tion. , Gertrude Coghlan is writing a biogra phy of her father, the late Charles Coghlan, which will be published in September next. A dramatization of "Molly Bawn," a novel written years ago by ''The Dutch ess," was produced in ' Philadelphia re cently and made a hit. It Is to be used regularly next season, by Beulah Poyn ter. . PROMISES MADE BY ! ; THE PRESS AGENTS ; (Continued from .Page Sir.) Its dramatic intensity by Us realism and adherence to dramatic form. The scenes of the play are located in Montana in the early days of rail roading in that state, and the principal characters are twin brothers, Jack and Pob Morley, one of whom is a man of honor, and the other a train robber. Bob "Is arrested for robbing a train, which had in fact, been despoiled by his twin, but the mystery of the rela tionship is not revealed until the brother, Jack, is shot by a member of his gang just as he is about to rush ' to the aid of his relative, who is about to be hanged. Coupled wltn this tnere is a pretty love story, the whole being enlivened toy unusually Drignt comeay ana riiar acter drawing of power and attractive' ncss. The play will be staged on a scale of splendor unusual with popular- priced attractions, and tne mterpretln companys Is one of even strength an dramatic poise. The Grand. Following up the strong vaudeville program which has held sway at the Grand for the past week, and which closes tonight, Sullivan St Consldlne send another big bill for this week, starting tomorrow afternoon.' On this new bill the feature will be Llnd. the artistic dancer. One of the striking features of Lind's specialty will be the cos tumest These are the most beautiful and gorgeous ever worn by an artlstlo dancer In vaudeville. There is npt a woman in Portland who will not ap preciate these creations of the Parisian dressmakers. The dancing is the acme of grace and art. "Billv's Girl" is a playlet in which Alice Mortlock & Co. will appear. The riot revolves around the mistaken iden tity of a country girl and a well-known actress. this It :.: . 1 i. J I t. "" I ' . f ... : . iiii ii nitift jUeiwatiiifciaaTrtft'ifiiMrBtJiri .Charles Connors, Comedian at the ' . JLyrlc. The reDOrts. recelveil nn playlet say that It Is orlelnal nn irnnrl A monologist whd uses new material is always appreciated in Portland. Tom Dempsey. the musical comedy comedian will make a bid for popularity in his assortment of stories, recitations, songs and parodies. The Great Romanoffs are sensatl-al knife-throwers and give an exhibition of human intrepidity. There Is knife, and battle-ax throwing and a disrobing act Is made by the" keen blades cutting one costume off after another. It wjuld be difficult to 'conjure a more exciting mi mrming ieature man tnis. "The Lazy Athlete" Is a comedy acro batic turn, by Paster and Merle, who nave a reputation as gymnasts in ec centric feats. "Just Married a Week' sounds interesting and will be played by Hwley and Olcott, it is a comedy sketch. Miss McKlnney, the prima donna soprano, will be heard and there win De an lliustrcted song by Fred Bauer and Imported motion pictures. Today will be the last of the nroiftnt bill, with D'Amon. the mind-reader an swering all questions. "Sky Farm" by Baker Stock. The first rural drama of the season will be presented by the Baker com pany for the week following "Men and Women," which will be Lottie Blair Parker's "Sky Farm," seen here for the first time. No more absolute' contrast could be offered than these two, "Men and Women" being a story of high life in the greatest city in the land, while the scenes and characters of "Sky Farm" are drawn from life in It's si-nii pliclty, close to nature. No one doubts but the Baker company will give thor oughly excellent portrayals of each and every character In the two, however, for this has been demonstrated time and time again. "Sky Farm" will open next Sunday matinee at the Bungalow. "Just Out of Coljege." - One continual round of fun and laughter is promised those who will witness George Ade's comedy, "Just Out of College," at the Baker all week, starting Sunday, November 8. The piece fairly reeks in the types of odd numanlty that have made Ada's name a household word. There Is not an unclean or undesirable line, nothing uui numor. wn ana Dniiiant reparte no name as- nas Deen evident in plays written by Mr. Ade. tee, all Plan Monument for Haverly. New York, Oct.' 31. Messrs. Cohan and Harris are organising a committee of showmen to raise funds' for a mon ument to J. H. Haverly. the famous minstrel and theatrical man, whose grave is in Mount Peace cemetery, Phil adelphia unmarked and neglected. Many of the leading managers of the day be gan their careers with "Colonel Jack" when he controlled 14 theatres and 24 attractions. His wife and daughter sur vive in destitution and part of the funds will be donated fo them, and provision will be made for theffe,future, v Haverly- is remembered with positive love by all those associated with him and Messrs. Cohan and Harris are meet ing with liberal support n their effort to honor his memory.. -' . " V Oh, )Look Who'g Here I The Paul Gltmore basketball team, made up of members of Mr. GUmore's company playing "The Boy of Company B," ar meeting with' success wherever they play. Practice games'! are played daily. Lates for tames with local teams may be booked from the-office. A single firm of managers has re ceived within the last few weeks some 70 manuscript plays dealing with the theme of thought transference that Mr. Thomas has employed in 'The Witching Hour." - "Mater," the brilliant new comedy of "love and laughter" by Percy ,MacKaye now being presented under the direction o , Henry Miller, at . thflav , theatreJ wow xorn is prooamy tne greatest suc cess of the new metropolitan season. Played by a splendid company. Includ ing Isabel Irvtn, Charles A. Stevenson, Frederick Lewis. Hazel MacKaye and John Junior, It Is giving delight nightly to as many theatre lovers as can crowd Into the Savoy. The New York critics, almost unani mously are enthusiastic about "Mater," and Hay that it raises Mr. MacKaye to the front rank of contemporary play wrights, and that it adds another laurel to the. chaplet now being worn by Henry M1ller as an upholder and pro ducer of all that Is best in modern drama. The New York Sun after a column of praise for the wit, humor and satire of "Mater," said the following: "Mr. MacKaye In a speech at the end of the performance gave thanks to Henry Miller. So dj we all. Once more Mr. Miller has shown that he respects the best things of the stage. Once more he has given us the chance to listen to dialogue written by an author of brains and culture and Imagination, to see a play with Ideas in It. He has more firmly placed himself in the vanguard of American theatrical producers)" Henry Savage's version of Franz Mol nar's Hungarian play, "The Devil," will be given at the lleillg theatre, Four teenth and and Washington streets, No vember 18, 14 and 15. - - w . . . Miss Adeline Gene, the Danish dancer, who danced her way into the hearts of all New vYgrc-k last season, will go on tour this secusan, stepping back Into her dancing shoes in "The Soul Kiss," in which she won victories last season. Mile. Genee will be assisted by nine coryphees 'from the London .Em pire. She will be seen in the four dances which were popular in her last season's repertoire, namely, "The Soul Kiss." "Th Money Ballet," "Sir Roger de Coverly" and "Hunting." A comedy is being prepared by Klaw & Erianger for the use of Mile. Genee nextseason. In which the ballet, "The Dryad," will be Introduced : "The Mountain Hoy." a play of eon-v temporaneous' life in Kentucky, by Ma rlon Short and Pauline Phelps, Is the next production of Klaw & Erlanger. Rehearsals will begin after the opening of "Little Nemo" at the New Amster dam theatre. Donald Gallaher will play a leading part. Others in the cast will be Edna May Spooner and Howard Kyle. "Wildfire," with Lillian Russell, has achieved a notable success. The plav has demonstrated tht Mifla Russell need no longer depend on her reputa tion as a prima donna to entertain theatre-goers,, but thai she has reached the top. of the ladder as a comedienne. Resigning as queen of comic opera, she has become the princess of comediennes. Miss Russell will play return engage ments in Boston, Philadelphia and Chi cago before she malces the Pacific coast tour. t ,1 , ; .'! ii Heilig Theatref 14TK AITD WABXXXOTOsT U PHOJEB MITTf-1 AJTP A-llti g One Week 1 Beginning Tomorrow Night, tf Bpecial-Frtoe ltatlnea -Saturday Q ftfr. Pasting mm I (Management Uebler A Co.) H or m STZmnra AjfaraxoAjr H DUSTIN FARNUM EVENING PRICES Lower floor . ....... ... , Balcony . . ........ i.uu. Gallery -. MATINEE PRICES 11.60 $1.00 7Bo 60o 1 RA 75c, 60c 60o !5o The Squaw Sou of th XaeonpmbU ter 0toek OnpAj 1 1 k I ii ii If Tbaetn M Co, (I I, MM.. . M Portlsad's M bkHMbls j PUytwose. I! B Week N Commencing Sunday Matinee Nov. 11908, Today i uperb Revival o the Famous Play M It II II ii IsMilWomeii "lanaaEiaszxscaEBMiEKiiCMMizacsniEccinBEaMKSSM OUR STAGE LOSES , ITS BRIGHTEST -STAR New York. Oct tl. Oeorge M. Cohan has decided to quit the stage at the end of the present season and take a year's Journey abroad. The young author-composer will, write one more musical com edy, after which he will give all his time to comedy drama. Before going abroad Cohan will complete "The Xmii Doll," a musical comedy in which he will present his sister. Miss Josephine Cohan. It will be the most elaborate product ftm that thyuns-.cemedjan has ever attempted. . - Cohan believes that he can write a plav without music, and he is going to travel in an effort to get material for his new effort. 'JWhen the present season comes to an end," said Cohan, "I am going to throw two or three suits into a steamer trunk and grab a boat for Europe and travel mv head off for about one solid year. Mr real reason for doing this is because I feel it's about time to write a real play, and I feel that travel is the thing .to broaden one when one feels a trifle narrow, and so I'm going a-trav-ellng to see and hear things and absorb and gather material for a play a real live play with live characters. "Before I start on this trip I am go ing to build a new musical comedy play for my sister Josephine. My parents will accompany her on her first Indi vidual starring tour, and I Intend to surround her with an excellent com pany. "The story of the piece is a sort of fairy tale. I will call it 'The Xmas Doll." ' The production will border on the spectacular. There will be eight scenes in two acts and a cast, chorus and ballet of about , 100- persons. The New York engagement will probably be- in- next September. This will be my iggest bid for musical honors." "Thirteen" Superstition Again. New York. Oct. 31. -F. Zlegfeld Jr. has changed the name of the new mu sical production in which Miss Anna Held opens 4n two weeks in Philadel phia and is to appear later in the sea son at the New York theatre. Instead of tffc name being "Miss Innocence Abroad," ss was originally announced, the piece will be known as Miss Inno cence." .Mr. Ziegf eld's reason for. this change oPname is based upon a superstition he entertains for the number is; it nas played a conspicuous and important part in his career Ss a theatrical producer. "Parisian Model ' was the greatest stage success Mr. Zlegfeld had ever had up to that time and there are Just II letters in the name. "Follies of 1907" followed and again the generally supposed hoodoo numerals stood for success for Mr. Zleg feld. "The Boul Kiss" was next and with letters, and spaces added, the total was found to be 13. "Follies of 1908" gave still further reason for faith in the "13" superstition. A Drama In Four Acts By H, C. DeMille and David Belasco. ' ' , : First Time Herein Six Years, Strong Parts for All the Favorites Beautiful Scenery and Stage Settings. Stage Under Personal Direction of Donald Bowles MATINEE SATURDAY. si II I Evening Prices, 25f, 35, 50 Matinee, 151, 25 jj tl g Next Week, "SKY FARM" (f Irt time here) lkE5XIESZ8S2ZZZ&ZSSSXEXZXSBZSSZZZSZSSSXaZ3XaZ2ZZS5ZZl Deilig Theatre TONIGHT 8:15 O'CLOCK MR. LEE WILLARD In Sol Smith Russell's Famous Comedy Success A POOR RELATION ' PRICES $1.00, 75c, 50c. 25c. Seats Selling at Theatre. gKHizazzzzzzzzEzszzzsszzzzzxzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzznzzzzzzrj Ge Kb A n IT nT) THEATRE H II Phones Mala 2 aid A S36J BAKER Oeo. X. Baksr, Kg. H M 91 H H M n M n M m a M M 61 H M omzoo TXBans oo. euro.) usssaa. The theatre that plays blf Mad attraetloqa at popular prloea 14 H II H -II Week Begin-II Trl-iw Cnr(-it Nnt 1 1QAQ H ningMritha ITiailllCC I UUQV, UUIIUQ, MVY. I ) IJUU OTHER MATINEES WEDNESDAY AND SATURDAY. at x. -xmjuam. nnsuHTS Tss popvi.as ooidsmiur MR, JAMES J. CORBETT COMEDY YOU WILL. WANT TO SEE MORE THAN ONC$ IN A racing n a m Supported by a e iusic"' Company of Unusual Excellence. DON'T MIS3 THIS GAY FARCE! IT IS A SURE CURE FOR THE BLUES. Notice! Tuesday! Special! MR. CORBETT will read the COMPLETE from a direct wire to the stage. ELECTION RETURNS DEILIG THEATRE NOV. 8, 9, 10. 11 THE BIG EASTERN SUC CESS PAID-FULL SEAT SALE NEXT FRIDAY PANTAGES THEATRE DILL, CHANGES TOMORROW ADVANCED VAUDEVILLESTARS OF ALL NATIONS WEEK SlTZnrO TODAY Your laat chance to aee lOUS. ETA TAT, sup ported by a monster aggreratipn of European and American vaudeville acta. Week Commencing With Tomorrow's Matinee SHEPPS' DOG, PONY AND MONKEY CIRCUS One of the largest and beat animal shows ever produced on a vaudeville stage. Performing unheard of feats and displaying startling SPECIAL ABBES ATTKA OTTOS' KLEIN, 0TT BROS. & NICHOLSON AMERICA'S LEADING VAUDEVILLE MUSICIANS. Intelligence. XJESTXK WTT.T.Elt Grrman Com edians, Presenting "A Little Emigrant." A TOY Acrobats. BBOTEXKS Comedy MB. AITS WSS. BTTCKZiET, AS SISTED by nuinc MASTrar Presenting the Farce Comedy, "A Busy Manager." KAB8.Y ItEAJTT Baritone Soloist. PAJfTAGES TnTEQITALIID MOYHTO FZ0TUSE8 Two Comedy Subjects. POrmAS FftZOES. i .... - ?, u 1 . .. 1 '..a I L-YRIC rTHiATRE I H L : : , : U 9 3 Week Begins Sunday Matinee, Nov. 108 S BLUNK ALL'S CO. in the American Sensation M n M u in M M IDNIGHT M M t T-i tv. r-..4 r.". trt.-. rt..v M M ntuvc ricjuiiiuii lire uitik .av.p, au ihu, H Vaudeville de Luxe WcekofondayMati nee, Nov. 2, 1908 ODDITIES AND NOVEL TIES OF THE VAUDE VILLE WORLD Headed by LINO THE DREAM OF BEAUTY From the FOLIOS BERGERE, PARIS. SPECIAL ADDED FEATURE ALICE MORTLOCK AND COMPANY In LILLY'S GIRL" Tom Dcmpscy Paster and Merle Presenting THE LAZY ATHLETE" Howley & Olcott "Comedy Sketch meT uipvinn a wvhk Miss McKinney Prima Donna Soprano Fred Bauer Singer of Pictorial Lyrics IB! ia M W E3 M M n H as M M ss VOTE THE CTKAHOE XH PSXCBSl Evening prices, 254.. Sl.OO. Matinees, X5. SO lower floor; 2S upper ednesday Bargain Matinee, 254 any seat. i 04. oor. Next Attraction, "JUST OUT OF COLlIGf' 3 M n ii M M II N M M tl M M ii M M M !,i u i ii ii iti n M 13 H -la B3 The Musical Comedy Star" Z jj" Playing only the Stair - Havlin Eastern Road Attractions Grandascope Ltst French Motion Pictures DAISY KATHTEE tVXOBfT STTITPAY W IQUBATI), ISO, - SBs. IQo. I - Phon.Miii 6vA 100 g M I BBBBBBBSBMMBBBBBBBBBBSSs m m s i Paying particular at tention to the enter tainment, comf o r t and convenience of ladles and children. THEATRE Ftmerly Marqaam Craa ADVANCED VAUDEVILLE Presentlna at times the ..best all of European and Amer ican Vaudeville attractions. Weak Commencing Monday Matinee. Nov. 2 ORPHEUM SHOWS ARE ALWAYS SUPERIOR. STALEY & BIRBECK'S LEW HAWKINS Novelty Transformation The Chesterfield of Klnstrelsy Introducing 'The' Musical Blacksmiths . . - Morrow, Scbellberg & Co. g:he Wizards of Joy- "Happr'- XUllona. RAYMOND & CAVERLY Funny Qerman Comedy Stars. THE TWO PUCKS .,, , . m mm . Ajnarlcs,' Foremost Xa-rsntl Welch, Mealy & Montrose Artuu. .v In the Big Borsam, "Play Bait" ' ... Orphenm Motion Plctnres GARDNER & VINCENT ' Presen'nninettn!rntM7 h Orpheum Orchestra VEXYOBKAVOES XYBEY BYBBYJrCK SllS KA' BAXZ.Y, SllS. BTsnlar Mom IBo, aao, SOo, TSo. araalaf Moss lBe, tSo, BOo, TBo. f I DAXLY UTHII (EXOEYT - imttT AID XOUOAYB), Uo, gSo, No. taxMKggzzzzzazzzzzzzzzzazizssBizssszzajszsaszxz;Z7t THE STAR PhonM Main S49S A-M90 Commencing Sunday Matinee. Nov. 1, 1908 KLIMT & QAZZOLO'S MELODRAMATIC.- HIT tJ If Ah American Way fnre and iVhpIesorae TM E F.JOrJTAl'JA LIMITED . An '. Entifely Nw and Original Theme . t Daring Conccptioii A Strong Human Story Full of Faicinating Pictures of Western Life. . .V...y ta;;;.-; XA-.'ti) :-7..-' A TRIUMPH IN ' STARTLINQ, SENSATIONAL, SCENIC "h- 'yCM.'': SITUATIONS - ' lifitineVs" WednesdajriSatdiy and Suoday- ' Nfghe Prices, lgt gSf gS gQf ' Matinees, 15, S5f ii fU 1 1 t i li. M I 1 t I ! h v T : Next WeelC-'BRpVVN'S IN TOWN'' aKMEBsajazascaEaszsxtssatssrzrir-r-ri-rr' - 'V"