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About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 27, 1908)
THE PRICE OF ALL EDITIONS OF THE DAILY JOURNAL IS 2c. A COPY ON THE STREETS AND AT THE Oi , "-ft-- fr BEAD Tli Journal Want I'nges. today, HEAD The display Jj ' The) Journal todar JOURNAL CIRCULATION ' VUSTtltUAV W.IH 31,005 The . We athr Fair tonight; WVdQesdar rain;,' cooler. ,7" , VOL. VII. NO. 202. PORTLAND, OREGON, TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 27, 1003. SIXTEEN PAGES. , PRICE TWO CENTS. nn TIJfi Awp irtwi raUlM, MVS ClkU r. i i it t ' " . . ... rKA ,jvr . .r ,i . . . . . i . i iPOlf 10DCAI Attorney Burke Vigorously Denies" He Sent "Hold-Up Letters" to, Sherman and Defies President Roosevelt to Prove His Charge 7 ! ; , " ' Los Angeles, Get; STDefying President Roosevelt or James Schoolcraft Sherman to produce any "holdup" letters written, by him, and calling, former i United Statesr Senator T, H. Patterson of Colorado a notorious "liar," ' Edmund Burke, the Los Angeles attorney; accused of giving a' statement to the New York World iniDlicatirie the Republican vice-presidential candidate in a. New 'Mexican land-grab plot, today admitted that the proposed land scheme would not at this time seem ngnt. r Burke explainedthat" it was common practice of corporations 10 years ago. to secure large tracts of land through dummy en tries."- . :, -- ' . ' ' "Companies would have individuals secure the land, and then .transfer it to them," he said. "It was such a common procedure that many corporations did it. The Newv Mexico, Land, Lumber Of ueyeiopment company aiiiereairom tne omers in me iaci inai it got no land. . ,, That is all there is to it.', , Once more reiterating his denial that he gave out the state ment published in the World, Burke did not dispute the facts in the story. His efforts were all directed ' toward proving that he was hot'the informant.. He alleged that he had been approached by tnen wno ottered him "liberal remuneration if., be would tel. the facts." ' . - VI refused the offers," said Burke, "and, while the story of the land enterprise has been published from a Democratic view point, I did not receive a cent in connection with the exposure. : wouldn't Believe mm on oath. In his Own mi tit fm thtov tall Kim. T-rlr Tmw which gives soma Idea of the estima tion in which he is held by those who have knawn him fn. vaovo ' CHAIRMEN CLAIM. . TWO FOB BRYAN ...... . 3&ZgSr I REMARKABLE EARLY MEETING HELD FOR BELATED TOILERS CITY RETAINS COW LIQUOR Burke's defiance of President Koose velt followed th publication of a dla pstch from Washington containing what purported to be & statement or tne pres Jdent to th effect that Sherman had "evidently refused to pay any attention to a hold-up letter," Burke -was discharged , yesterday the police court on a charge of felony embeazlement preferred by A-: Ii. Deahl. a Nevada mine owner, who accused the " altnrnav of havlncr Bold some ffold bu! lion entrusted to him. It was while this case was pending in the police court that Burke was alleged to have made his statement at Penver.' About two weeks ago Burke sought and gained permission to leave the Jurisdiction Of the court and at that time la alleged to have stated that he had cnance to make 11,000. , Went to Dearer. Borka admlts that he wai In Denver less than 10 days ego.. He went to Col orado to see former Senator Thomas M. Patterson, Simon Guggenheim and oth ers in connection . wna tne lana plot exposure. But hi trip to Denver, he Insists was not for the purpose of giv ing information, but to suppress the story of Sherman's part the scheme to get possession of 150,000 acres of timber. : ' "When the Democratio leaders sent men to me last August with a request for mrormation," saia uurxe, "l no tified Mr. Sherman that the Democrats wore planning to use the land enter prise in a manner - that would injure him In his campaign. After refusing all the offers tnat were mane to tempt me. I learned that the Rocky Mountain News 'of Denver was on the -point of -printing tne story or tne errorui or Mr. Sherman and others to acquire land in New Mexico. I hurried to-Denver and tried to prevent the use of the story in this campaign. When I came away I wss ' under he impression- that I had succeeded, . r "Ylsits Patterson. "I saw Senator Patterson and other men. But there was do conference. I saw them individuallyand It Is untrue that I made a statement concerning the land enterprises In the presence of Pat terson ana other witnesses. iut Pat terson Is apt to say anything. notorious . liar, people . .- in He Is a Colorado (SpccUl Dispatch to Tbe JourtuM . Chicago,, Oct 27. Democratic State Chairmen" Manson of Wisconsin and Garber Of Ohio are in Chicago today. Both reported conditions favorable to Bryan. Manson said: "We Just completed a. noil of the state which. " shows Wisconsin is for Bryan. At first we feared LaFoI lette's perfuhctorv indorsement of Taft might endanger the margin on which we had been depending to carry the state. Our advice Is for his followers to remain firm and Bryan cannot be shaken loose. f- ' "UFollette in his speeches dwells on the belr Bryan gave him In Wiscon sin, coming to Madison to ask the Democratic members of the legislature to support the rate regulation bill which the IaFolIetteltes had . offered. and whloh the stalwart Spooner Re-j publicans fought bitterly. . 1 xne Wisconsin laea having Been re jected, by the Republican national con ventlon. our peoplo refused to accept Tart, we'll carry tho state ror Bryan. - Garber Insists Ohio Is won for Brvan beyond possibility; of the Taft people winning It back again. Desperate ef forts , aro ' being made by throwing many speakers into the state. Regarding New York, a Chicago Re- fubllcan. returned today from a trip o New Tork in an automobile, stop ping all along the way sounding public sentiment, ne. aevotea several weas to it. He said Tork city, polling all classes, especially railroad employes, and my observations aionar tne line convince me mat new Tork. Ohio. Indiana and Illinois will Drobablv b-o for Brvan. i neae statements are . reproseniativs otners. 1.-.,w..'tl.:'.-"' - Pdmnnd Burke, Who Fignrea Conspicuously in the Sensational Story of Charges Against 3. 8. Sherman. I HUG KfilFES G. L. HESTOII Robbery Believed to Iaye 'Inspired Attack on (iizen. SOCIALIST I'OIE . ' , it TO ELECT TAFT (Spcelsl Dtipstch to The lograaLI Vancouver, Wast., Oct J7. An un known thug knifed George I Heston. of this city, this - morning on ' Shaw's island,' across the river from Vancouver, landing for the ferry to Portland. Chief Secrlst and a posse of policemen are conducting a vigorous' search or the Island. The Portland police ha va been notified. .4'-. ' :;' f : Shaw Is . undergoing an operation at the St Joseph's hospital, , this city., He has an ugly gouge in the left side and his condition Is critical ' Robbery is believed to have been the : motive ' for the crime. ; r This Is Upton Sinclair's Pre diction Says This Vote Over 1,000,000. .V- of The newsnspers earrv big stories or the world s expose of Sherman's levd nnnection with tha land scheme in New Mexico, i . : al. fraud CANNON'S OOOfJ GROVJS I OIIOES "Honest Uncle -Joe" ."Will Hammer His Home Town "- Into Submission. Cannon to rlgM of them! Cannon to leit of them! (annoa in front at them; ' Voilwed and thundered. 4 fitormejl at with shnut ard yell. ' While earn new victim feiL Boldly thy vot and. well! ' (Bee the Danville returns or the eiuel.) . Danrllle. IU Oct (7. Just em week from today the culmination of the hot tl indlvMuaJ rampalrs In America Will b reached here. To many thinking Americans, the figtit in this little city Is f as great Importance as tha prl denlial eleeUnn. The pep!a of Ia.i viile will have decHed wheihr Joseph O. Cannon shall acuta retJra to tha boaee f representatives or ba retired, for the tln-e. t rnt lit. . Tba feeiing In tfie rtTTinrlty Is harp iy &xi-4 Cnnn" frlerxia -deetsg; tba Tetran -mr"ignr afr t iir.a a Hnnt lfl Jnm." h'i hi mtil are hefirj sur-h e-pitheta aa "raar- al4 hire.ir.g 1st Sfioncpoir at his fce4 im in flu ,, cf the Ameticaa Ted-1 ration of Labor -has been brought to bear on the workers of tbe district tn an - endeavor ' to ' defeat Cannon, but through It all 'Uncle Joe" placidly smokes his big black cigars and regards his reelection ae certain. - Tha last time he wws reelected Can non received 23.000 votes to his oppo nent's 13.000, His friends are still con fident that although his lead may be diminished, he will ll!l have more than enough votea to carry him to congress. Cannon bas served 17 terms, or 34 years. In congress and during his political life has been defeated only once. REPUBLICAfl TARIFF; T IT LOVELY In 1907 WJlIlum, McOhle. a fanner, purchased ln-Sherldan, Or., a Deering binder. The price paid was 1145. About the same season of, the year, Lewis McOhle, a brother of William' MoOhle of Sheridan, ' purchased thesame kind of a Deering binder in Aberdeenshire. Scotland. , ';, -1 The binder was made in the United States, of course. It bad to be : shipped to JJew ; Torfcv which Is Just about as far from the. factory as Sheridan, Or., Then It was sent-on to Scotland. The' Mr. McQhie living near Aberdeenshire paid $90 for. the' machine he purchased. The ma chines were exactly the sama In every , particular except tha price. - ;', V i- In Scotland, the binder cost - 16 J less ' than In the United States and within only 1,000 , miles or so of the factory- ; ' . There's a reason, of course ' the high protective tariff. 1 t : e i 4 (United Fress Leased Wire.) ' San Francisco, Dot 27. Upton Sin clair, author of The, Jungle,"; Is here, resting from his literary labors, , With him Is H. Oaylord Wllshire, - whose magasme converted the ' author to Socialism. The two writers are being entertained by their friends of the liter ary set and the local Socialist colony. Sinclair has consented to speak at Socialist meeting here Thursday night. Sinclair is staying at the Fairmont hotel, the rich man's hotel of tbe town, but he says he is Just aa good a Social ist as. tnoso wno stay in mean cot tages.. ? Sinclair will be here four days and the Socialists have secured his prom ise ip sneuK ai several meet intra. The author says the Socialists will poll over a minion votes una mat Jtiisgen will poll almost as many. ' He says this will elect Taft - Sinclair la to go to Carmel-bv-tHo. Sea for a visit to George Stirling, the poet, . and then to ride to Los Angeles en horsebaeic. - He announced today that be would shortly writ a book dealing with Tam many halt , I II FOR State Supreme Court Decides Medford Case in Favor o City's Charter as Agains the General Local Option Law. CAMPAIGN'S GLIM uporj poor FAKIRS of BRtAh , HE SAYS Organizer Tomlinson Fore casts 301 Sure,' and 8G 3ror Possible, (United Press Laed Wlr.) Salem, Or., Oct. 27. The decree Circuit Judge H. K. Hanna, enjoining the county court of Jackson county from making an order declaring the re suit of a majority of the votes cast last June in the entire county In favor of prohibition and from declaring an absolute Interdiction of the sale of. In toxlcatlng liquors so far as the man. date may affect the city of Medford was affirmed ty the supreme court today in an opinion written by Justloe Moore. The decision virtually establishes the ruiei mat anv citv nmv imrnii if charter so that the city will be exempt from the operations of the, local option la w.. . in other words. th vntwn nt a city may amend their" charter to pre- veiiE tnv cur irom oeinwotM i rv nv An Injunction was secured hv J. c uau. a saloon nrorrlotor of Medford. against George W. Dunn, county Judge, and Joshua Patterson and George Brown, county commissioners, consti tuting the county court of Jackson county, shortly after Jackson county was voted dry last June by the electors voting as a whole under the operations oi tne jocai option law. The legislature In 190S enacted charter for the city of Medford In which the power was conferred u Don the coun cil to tax, regulate and license the sale of intoxicating liquors "Irrespective of any general laws or tne state on the subject enacted by the legislature of Oregon by the people at Iyarge. It is on this provision that Justice Moore baees his opinion mainly. This charter was enacted one year after the provisions or .tne local option law be came, effective and before it was in force In Jackson cotthty, for Justice Moore holds that though the local tion was operative the qualified voters jacKson county n&a not elected to make it potent in their county until . llfVOi .11.1 .I". auU.VIUl ui bull charter. Justice Moore also holds that the local option law does not prohibit the sale of Intoxicating Honors but merelv nrescrlbes a mode w which tha enactment may necome errectlve. In 1905 charters were also enacted by tho legislature for Condon and Es tacada embodying similar provisions. and also for Brownsville, Halsey and Junction City in which, this provision is absent otcer .Decisions. ' Other decisions, today were as fol lows: Jennie Wavmlre va P. A. Shlnlev and Elizabeth Shipley, modified in opinion Commlftnioner King; appealed from (court of Judge William Galloway in J Marlon county. ismuy ciam and M. M. Clark vs. W. J. Boosey and others, affirmed in opin ion by Chief Justice Bean; appealed from decision of Judge H. K. Hanna in Jackson county. Marv Webb va Ci. TL Helntx. reversed fluid remanded In opinion by Chief Jus tice Bean; appealed from court ot Judge j. tit tieianu in juuunoman county. At Madison Square Garden ia Grange Bank Muddle Emphasizes Labor Issues Shows Utter Helplessness and Appeals to Conscience Meeting in Small Hours of Morning. of Depositors .When 'Their Funds Are Not Guaran teed.' ."' ;" ' New York, Oct 27. William J. Bryan held one of the most remark able political meetings on record at 4 o'clock this morning in City Hall park, when he addressed several thousand night workers whose hours made it Impossible for them to at tend regular, meetings. ' (SpeeUI Dispatch toTbs JonrniL) ' La Qrande, Oct 27, With the rotten details of the failure now well in the process of leaking out It is becoming known that the collapse of the Farmers & Traders National bank Is ene of the worst tn the history of banking In this S country. But little Information has been available, due some assert to v the effect Bryan stood upon the steps of the! tbat disclosures might have on the eleo- city hall and the crowd gathered In I "1irn E,couhni ?n'T" , . . ; - ( posits, but the nervousness of Qepoel- the park about him. The men from! tors and their concern as to what their power bouses, telegraph offices, "jr""n J ,lQ D ail""ry "e uimiij vw.no. .. vo.va.uvu w""- adjusted Is graduallv. unearthing the streetcar headquarters, all-night res-Id iny details, it is now -doubtf aHf de- taurants.! mornlne newanauers : 'and Pwsitors win realise ,?o cents on tne qoi " " - n ' 1 ' - ' -. " " I in other places where work never fltppa. The meeting was held at the request of a committee of morning news paper men. .. -' In his address Bryan confined him self to much, the same arguments as he made at the monster meeting at Madison Square Garden last night. ar of their deDoslts. .There. are manv who, asert that there. is no hope of one cent being realized; that g or 10 cents on the dollar will be the final dividend to be naid Is Drobablr not far from the truth, r In any event the lonsr delay, the. cost: of administra tion, t the probable suits and counter uits, the fees . of attorneys, receivers and courts- are certain to sweep away nearly all the trifling remnant that is lert or the many thousands or deposits He dwelt on the labor question and I tion. - , . , . explained points in the Democratic ' ' wotainr to Bay. nlntform fnvnrnhlA tn labor and dls-K. Tn0,e ,n charge of the ruined lnstltu piatrorm iavoraoie to iaDor ana ais-rt. mouthed as to an details. cussed the anti-injunction propoBi- Depositors whose . aij - is behind the - tlr.i Tha TilP-ht wnrlrAra travn film a closed doors are seeking . Informa tion, ine nignt worgers gave mm a tlon from any and every 0urce, but rousing reception and cheered like have to be content with flying rumors ana nave ss ues- college rooters. With the glimmering of lights from windows here and there In the towering office buildings, the early morning cry of the newsboy, the uncertain half-light of the early morning and the scene ' in the park where tha enthusiastic crowd cheered the candidate, the meeting was uncertain reDorts. sert for 4helr bitter cuo much infor mation to the effect that the grossest and most glaring rascality has perme ated the management of the institution. What makes the situation the ' more insecure from the depositors standpoint is tbat the deaclations of Cashier ' Scriber are now stated as more than. three times the .flsrure originally an nounced, and will reach It Is said a total - of 1120.000.. The information sweeos one to be remembered long by all who I away ail hope of reorganization, and puts tne establishment on the basts or a nopeiess and blackened wreck. . The attended it Bryan retired about 8 o'clock. . He was ,up . again, apparently refreshed, at ' 10 o'clock and delivered an .address T to "J? ;i?S,Vuitl''St4i h wrm,iai, i..,in. men, at th I resorted to every khown form of cashier Is declared not only to have in voked forgery as a means or - keeping nave Ell YORK P STAT Senator 'Clark Says Election Is Toss-Up Between Taft and Bryan Declares Boose veltjlas Dominated '1 .', Everything and Banks Are Frightened.1 , fTeltr frees tseeel Wire.) Le Angeles, Oct TT. Declaring that Chaaler may, defeat Hughes and -that tbe whole preeldentlal figtit centers In New Tork etste former l'tiltd States Seaater W. A. llark of M it of tne !t Lalie railroad, la In l"9 Ar.reles Unlay looking after h!S In-tr'-ta ..r. Sw Tork wlil be the ftrots! etsfe It Tue'T eietton" eald fwnn. rtark. "la n-T nrlr.loa the endl4at -o carries It l! be tbe next tri- ett - , t fet sere that Bryan will carry Ohio. Indiana and Montana Montana is a atmns; Republican state ordinarily, bat this year It vifl be In tha cratle column. . - the election is a tesp between Tsft and Brvan. but I believe Bryan wlil be the victor. "Tbe rauee of rellroed torpMlty ! the fact that the railroads eanrmt bor row monev from the henka Thl la troorht atwut by the Boweerelt policy cf dominates: everrthlsg and bis ihrto4 letls.aUoa asalost rail (United Vnn Leased Wlra.1 Chicago, Oct - 27. Claiming that Bryan will be elected by an overwhelm ing . majority that will ' amount to a landslide,' J. W.' Tomlinson, chief 'or ganiser of the Democratio national com mittee, has issued a forecast which he asserts has been compiled from accurate reports throughout the country. The forecast gives Bryan SOI electoral votes sure, and a possible 88 more, . - In tbe list of state given aa ' surely for Bryan are the following: Indiana, Ohio,, Idaho, Nebraska. Maryland, Mon tana, New Tort, -Neval Colorado, South Dakota. Kansas, Connecticut, New Jersey and'IMaware. ' TolnAftffys Bryails pretty sure of-carrying lliyleev-Wisconsin, West Virginia, Iowav !lthode Island. Utah, Oregon, Washington and California. j 1I0BS0X IX FBISCO BOASTS B00SEYELT truth Pnes Leaaea WTre.t Ssn Francisco. Oct. 1 7 Declaring that tne reactionary leaders In eonrreas have boeit responsible -for tbe aneager aeaa of defenses on the Padftc cowl the small Pacific fleet and the Inadequate facilities for caring for the betWeshtra Captain Richmond Pearsen Hobeon, hro of Santiago and ccnareaaman from Ala bama, is Here tviar to campaign lur Brran tn tbe district about &an f ra- claco fcey. Preatdetit1 Ronaeveit Pertnltte the reartlonarv Republr-n to cmlml the Chlcaro convention." oecjared llohun in as Interview. an the onlr relief the peer-te cf the raz-iee eoest have Is t vote ror Hrran. i ne yarns or ire Pacific coaet sho-uld be allowed not ni'y tn rre!r but to ruil.l arl eouiD tMtie- sh!ps on tbe facl&c coast. . 1 City of Eugene vs. Willamette Valley company, affirmed In opinion by Jus tice Moore; appealed ' from court of Judge IX T. Harris tn Lane county. DEFALCATI0XS WILL BEACH $120,000 (Special Dtapatra to The Jmmial. Ta rrnn.lA. fir . dot S7T)n htinjt and twenty thousand dollars Is believed to be a fair approximation of the total defalcations of J. W. Bcrlber, cashier of the suspended Farmers Traders bank of 'this city. In the face of recent de velopments It Is not thought that - ositors win realise over zo cents on the oUar. the Broadway business ; men at the headquarters of the Of der of Acorns, where he was given a warm reception. He then went at once to Brooklyn to address a labor meeting and took up his Drogram for the day, . which In cluded 13 other speeches. ; - ;f . ' A meoord-Broaklng Meeting. , Bryan reached Madison Square Gar den at 10:15 last night, after one of his most busy days. The cheertns; on his entrance continued 14 minutes. The Immense auditorium was packed to its capacity with enthusiastic Democracy and he was repeatedly urged to "go on," when he mentioned the lateness of the hour. He SDoke until 11:6a. re- Inspired by the cheers of his vsst audi ence. As a manifestation of Intense devo tion the meeting last night has never been excelled at Madison Square Oar- trick and cunning to cover up his work. This knowledge has embittered deposit or, and at the same time filled them twl tit , apprehension to the effect that they will realise little or nothing from the miser able wreck... Among the depositors are many: who will he badlv crlnnled finan cially by the failure. Poor neonie who b" thrift and long effort have amassed den, and scarcely In American history bar no epoch whatever. Bryan has ad dressed Garden audiences in his two previous campaigns, but none to be compared in numbers nor in enthusiasm with that which last nlarht almost riv alled the record demonstration in the great auditoriums at Denver -on the nlaht last June when he was . nom inated. Tha crowd was clamoring for admit tance hours before the time for opening the. doors. A police cordon was flung far out and enly ticket holders were allowed to pass. Vlth Prvnn An thA nlaffArm were x. Governor Francis of Missouri and Gov. ernor Hoke Smith of Georgia, both of whom had served as secretary or tne tn. (Continued on Page Three.) CREATE A MARKET- ! FOR RAW MATERIAL I I " " . -. . - : "If the popIe of this Pacific coast country, and p-trticularly X iri the vicinity of Portland, could realize the benefit to be de X rived by appreciating what it means to INSIST ON HOME- t MANUFACTURED product as arainst imported eoods. it X would be a vast help to the manufacturing industries and to X this part of the country,Msaid C C Colt, president of the Union Meat Company. v ' . " . X "For every pound of locally manufactured grods consumed, there is A demand created for additional raw product. - , X "U the peopled f Tortland and Orcrn will realize this and X INSIST on home-manufactured f-ooda. if will mean prosperity X and gTeater pay-rolls than can possibly be obtained in any otner way." ' . ... HvmrHvrHHTMMMmmHvtHfWTvH ( , Poor people who rt have amassed a tew hundred dollars of savlnsrs Are amonsr the losers. Among the Incidents of this charaoter Is that of Peter Sulli van, aged f0 years. He and bis 1 valid nev wnn tne-iroiiapse or tne Dana, suu denly found their tavlnrs of a lifetime swept away, and, probtbly wholly lost. Blow to Beposltor. ' Only a few days before the failure Mr. Sullivan had placed Ms savings, a s-re-gating $15,000 in Scriber's bank. These savings were- the accumulation of 80 years of pioneering and roughing It. They were a nest egg on which the vet eran rancher and his wife expected to retire for the remainder of their lives. . Thirty years before, they hail settled in, Wallowa county, where ;they took up a homestead, and on which they toiled and wrought, until the wifa'a health gave way. - Then. In the hone that a chanara of residence would be beneficial, the ranch was sold, and all their bclongtnsrs converted Into caih. With the proceeds, . agree-ating $15,000. they came to l.,a Grande, where at the personal solicita tion er Scriber. the money was depos ited In the - Farmers A Traders Na tional. ; From Ut Grande Sullivan and his wife, leavinr their monev In the Scriber bank, went to Pendleton for a few dvs to look over the Place-with a possihle view to locating- there. Then crime the news or the ride of Bcrlher to Klgl-r, of the suhseouent suspension of the hank. Sullivan is now hera and Is one of the . pathetic figures In this bank traipsiir, aa hoping against hope, ha villa an.t wonders what portion, if any, of his lost all Is to be recovered. THREE BABY LI0XS ABBH'E IX LEWIST0X rt SpeHJ PHpatck t Tbe JaaruLt ' Lew 1st on. Idaho, O-L '7. Three b.!y lions were bom In Iwlston Thr I ,y algbt, snaking an adtlitlos to the juna'a tribe of Al C Barnes, who will ep h's aild animal circus In lyete!t.n for a t- dv before la atar' en a of the northwest Tie t "y ! taken from the irMhfr )n it n aftr bv were h.rn. but tfv I suffered for lack t nil-niim re frl en a Nottl an.i ' sirai; torn f! . '-ffj'-e of y r , - The tsctser r't - tHt h a s..i', I :-- ft'. ! t . - - e"nt-rtl tn t, - t. . ai'v for f iii .,. , -- r-n r- k t' -t ' ' fir.'w-r ' . , t r r '. , t rt . " ... , . la cs; ' ; i .