OR II HGES AND PROGRESS
By FKEDEftlC J. HASKItf.
(Copyright, 1908, by FMderto J. Haakln.) . 1
Los Angeles; May J6. As you eat your orange at breakfast tomorrow $ou
may look upon it is symbol of the high water mark of progress In the apnli
tiition of cultural and economio science to the world-old business ( producing
fxl at.d wealth from the soil. The California Washington navel prange is
erown accorJlnjr to a scientific method and. it is marketed by a sclentiflo
ii.ethod It history from the beginning- is a romance. Orange and lemons
'have been grown in California for more than a century, but It waa not until
.-tne Introduction Of the navel oragaln HH that Jthe present era of progress
b-raa. The seedless navel orange Is in itself a triumph of a scientific man who
jiasired'to et rid of the seeds which made the orange so hard to eat.
The oraag you will eat tomorrow i lted only to "trusts." Tha exchange ts
a In
was grow
southern California upon
inrf hinh would trow nothing in its
natural state Water hud to be brought
from a great distance and applied to
' tne land to give it lira, ji
l.ecome SO interested in oranges as to be
impelled to go to California and buy a
citrus ranch, ycu would find ' science
guiding -your every step.,' The land
might, cost you a thousand dollars an
acre. - Science and Irrigation made all
that valua. Five or ten acres would be
the siae of !t. and tbo chances are that
vou would know as much about grow-
' iag oranges or lemons as you do about
running canal boats on Mars.
. But the citrus union woum jook aner
you. One day. you would ima a. ma
under one Of your trees with a blanket
spread out on the ground. He Is armed
with a microscope and he knows all
about bugs. If your trees need it. he
will tell you when to fumigate. If you
neglect to do so. the chances are that
win nrAitA nn some fine morning to
find the fumlgators at work in your
orchard. ' so wnen it is um m
im tn irrigate, or time to do any
" one of the thousand nd on things thaH
must be done to grow citrus iruiu
experienced practical scientists of the
community will sew to it that you do not
lk for advice. If you find a strange
bug on a leaf you take it to one of the
aoverument scientists always within
reach. He generally knows what it is,
whether It is harmful and if so, how to
fight it But If It is a new bug- then the
'department of agriculture begins right
. there to fnld out all about it and will
spend thousands pf dollars, if necessary,
to that end. So. ar docs science go in
growing oranges, i-" ; ,.r.
.. . first Experiments.
But an orange grown isof very lit
tle account, unless It can be sold t a
profit. When southern California first
began to yirodune .itrus fruit , in con-
itlerable quantity, it louna uiai i "
so tr away from the populous centers
or the east, wnere it muni in
miners, that the profits were often
wined out by freights and commissions.
Wen worked long years and planned
i-klllfully only to have the returns from
Vu hlnmnnu "come back in
red" the fatal red Ink of the wrong
side of the accountieager. ,
So it came about that economio sci
ence was applied to the -packing, ship
tlng and marketing of the fruit com
pleting the circle of scientific progress
which wraps the oranga from tne blos
som to the breakfast table. The growers
in each community forme local pack
ing organizations, they lrr-tura formed
district organisations and the district
liodles formed a central concern which
Is now known as the California Fruit
.rowers exchange. This scheme of or
ganization was worked out slowly and
Gradually, step at a time.
The ' first "" movement toward -hrtelli-gpnt
cooperation was the result of the
disastrous year of 1892-98. That year
many growers not only had to furnish
their entire crop for nothing, but to
rvlhe packing and freight charges be
i(iei.s the-gross sales . of the fruit
in the east would not oover the ex
pense ' Then a convention met. Its de
clared purpose being to "provide for
the marketing of all the citrus fruit at
the lowest possible cost under uniform
'methods, and in a manner to secure to
each grower a certain marketing of his
not a trust, however, to that It does not
fix prices and that Its work Is done
witfiout contemplation of a , profit for
tne central organisation. xn packing,
handling and distribution of the fruit
is done at cost. This method has re
duced the cost of packing and market
ing from 16 cents to 6 cent a a box, da
spite the greatly increased cost of pack
ing materials. -. . . r .
Annual . Business. . -. '-' f;
The annual business of the exchange
has grown so that Its net receipts are
now more than 112.000,000 annually. Of
course this exchange does not handle ail
fruit, and the full average price co be
obtained In the market for the entire
" f eason." This purpose has been ac-.
complished.- The detail of the growth
. or the present organization from that
convention is interesting, but it is un
necessary to set it out here. Let It
suffice to look at the conditions which
. did prevail under the old-fashioned
methods and the conditions of the pres
ent..' ' - r ' --' " - - 1 .. - ', ; .'
Ctat-T2ual . Competition,
la the old. days the growers were all
in cutrtnroat competition, with each
otner. i nere was no such thing as unl
form grading and packing. . The pack
ing cost the small grower mnch more
in proporuon tnan it aid tne large
grower, the oranges were sold through
speculative commission merchants and
all hope of profit was burled under the
mountain of packing charges, freights
and commissions. -
Now the central exchange buys ma
terial for packing in immense quanti
ties for distribution among the -co
operating -. packing-houses. ; Nails are
bought by the trainload; "shocks" for
the boxes on enormous contracts. There
In uniform system of packing and
branding which not only rewards the
grower of the best fruit for his skill,
but which assures the consumer of a
high; and uniform quality. Tha ex
change maintains offices in all of the
principal cities of the country, and In
tirs Muurnyvaa vaiuieuB. turuugn wnica
the product is distributed. Through
those offices the growers in California
are enabled to get accurate informa
tion concerning) the T condition of th
market at the points. or consumption.
of the Output of the citrus region. Ten
years ago its shipments were 2S per
cent or tne total, unis year they will
b mora than 66 per cent. The larger
private growers handle their' own fruit
and there are other cooperative associa
tions which take care of the output from
many small growers- Including these,
about 0 per cent of the total crop Is
marketed on the cooperative or dlraot
basis and-only 20 per cent is bandied
by commission merchants. The improve
ment of conditions brought about by
cooperation,, however, extenda. to . the
whole section and every grower Is bene
fited by the application of progressive
economic ; science . to the business .-of
' Pi ogress is never content and never
stops. The California rruit . Growers
Exchange, now that it has a. profitable
entrance to the markets of the country.
is engaged la - efforts to improve the
market Dy mcreasing tne aemana lor
Its product. The first attempt ever
made py a systematio aavertiaing cam
paign to Increase the consumption of a
natural product of the ' soil is ta be
credited to this organization. ,
The experiment was tried last month.
Iowa was selected as the state for the
trial, . on account of the faot that the
office of the exchange In Das Moines
covers the entire state and does not
lap over into any otner state, other of
fices Include two or more states, or are
limited to only a section of a state.
Clever Boosting;.
A special train loaded with oranges
from the 4,000 cooperative orange
groves of southern California was dls-
Satched from Los Angelas to Des
lolnes. Dally newspapers in every
Iowa city heralded the coming of jthe
"Iowa Orange Special" In half-page ad
vertisements paid "for by the exchange.
This waa supplemented by advertise
ments of the local fruit dealers an
nouncing a special "orange Week." Or
anges were axtolled as "fust the spring
tocuo tiseuaa tor yotirsn ana onugren.
Nothing in tne way or fruit has so
much tonic value as orange julca An
orange with every meal means Increased
appetite, better digestion, a clearer brain
and a better constitution In every way.
uranges are prescriDea Dy pnysicians
for their medicinal properties and for
their food value to nerve and brain.
All during tha warm, enervating spring
ana summer weatner orange juice is
moat cooling and refreshing."
' The best skill of the ad-wrlter wa
employed, the dates of the orange week
were emphasixed, and the demand was
made that the consumer see that tha
name of the California Fruit Growers'
Exchange was on the box. The result
was: a wonderful stimulation of the
habit of orange-eating In Iowa, , Tha
advertising will be kept up In a smaller
way for a while. If , the orange con
sumption In Iowa is permanently in
creased, aa the heads of tba exchange
believe it will be, then this advertising
This, cooperative system enables .the
growers to market their product with
ell the advantage of modern methods;
of busihesg which are! usually accred-
campalgn will be extended to other parts
os -the country ana will pe continued in
definitely. The theory Is that peopla
would eat more oranges and other fruit
if their attention were called to it by
tha same methods' wmch nava so great
ly Increased, tha consumption of cereal
breakfast foods.
fivstematio advertising of a natural
product of the soil has not been tried
before, usually tne art or tne manu
facturer has intervened and it has been
money wnichs na
iiirjllH
iM':: -J. rF i'ri'f 'ilk i
f ! :Xh'.., T "h": S'.a.!:--! X ;:XJ ifiiX ...u
if '
;i XM.flX J- .:. ,g;. Xixf;x: ii ., Xi' . I
' XJ; r -'-V ," ' XX- VV .' X. . XX .i X-X:X ' . , X y ) X X. : !, .J . - .a . . - j ; X , t-v ' 5 -.X .' . . ,X :. .., ,.
. . . x: , . -x. . ;t - - x- . ' x a i "..,'' ; . .- .. ; n , , ... r i
W MAN
;xNB
THE MOTION PICTURE MAN
CAN: MAKE-A; FORTUNE : FOR
i
YOU-
4 i
VI-
IN A SHORT TIM ON A LIMITED CAPITAL
MOTION WCTURE vTIEATmSMAHE $20 TO S1C0 DAILf
' ' t 1 x"Vv: ... X ':'x"'.x, - :' - "'i XX ;xx V x t r-'i ,, i"1' xxjx..',:JXir "; -'iir. ;Vx V: Vxx V'-'f . !.',. Jxt xx.'fi. ;-;.!!
, Locations Furnished Free: See Me Without Delav
Can Outfit You From Roof to Cellar 20 Per Cent Cheaper Than Any Other House in the United States
NEWMAN MOTION PICTURE COMPANY
Motion Picture Machines Films, Song SUdes, Views, Phonographs, Opera Chairs-and Other-Supplies
293 Buraside Street, Bebveen 4th and 5th ; Phone Main 8458
PARADISE FOR QUACKS.
J:
1 1 " .
li i .n .. - ' ' ' ' ;j .."5 Jk
MT71T1 Pi n fl i7 FTTiTl n -nnM
the manufacturer's
paid for the publicity. If the oranga
rmviri. hv their oooDeratlon. can In
crease tha consumption by advertising.
the success or ' tneir experiment will
be another step upward in the march
of progresa ; ,
Truly, progressiva acience nas aone
wonders for the citrus fruit section nf
California. The beautiful orange groves,
with their trim trees of dark screen em
bellished with golden globes, tell a
story of the conquest of the arid
desert, of the conquest of pest and
disease, of the triumph of the horti
culturist in improving nature's own
or tne anmniiation or aistance
itervenes between the Krowor
and the' eater. In their rich beauty
of green and gold these groves typify
the health and wealth of America's
srarden tha vaueya or southern Cali
fornia,
rTgtsv.'Ts" on tha TT. of O. BUI.
k. ThaIIniverslty .. cf..Oregon'. 1 part
or tne pubiie scnooi system or tne state
ana snouia ne property supportea. vote
"yes" on the appropriation . . bill on
election : day.
Freo riay In Sale of Patent Medicine
in England. .......
Great Britain is the happy hunting
arround of the medical quack, if one
run hnllnva a member of the Chemists
association of London. Ha is quoted
In perrick's British Report as sayini
that ivn VMM im the annual sale o:
proprietary medicines In Great Britain
amounted to iv,vuv,uuv. . , - .
t tha TTnittvi . Htatea ana in most
European countries soma legislation
aithar xlnt or has been attemDted to
limit or to stop the traffic In seoret
remedtss. In England, baaed on the
irinaiDle of non-lnterrerence, aosoiuie
n. niav i riven to it. ' It has been
found expedient for tha safety or tne
uDllc to regulate in m ui jiuivu,
ut patent medicines, curiously enough,
were exempt irom ine provisions m
law, a privilege which they enjoy to
other with legally quaiuiea pracu
ionera " v-
In most countries the dealing in me-
dicinial drugs and chemicals is re
served only to persona qualified by
train! tjg, studies and- examination-
ih,t tm in nhflrmnrtats. ' In Knalana.
by a curious misunderstanding Of the
functions of a pharmacist, he is recog
nised by law merely as a "poison sel
ler," and any one who pleases may
supply the publlo with medicines the
Identity or purity of therea,peutlo value
of which he may be absolutely ignor
ant, and by the simple device of pack
ing them as a medicine and keeping
the composition secret he is able, by
means of advertisement, to substitute
himself for competent ana quaiuiea
medical and pharmaceutical service.
A TEXAS CYCLONE YARN.
, -; - - 1 1 .
Storm Carried for MQei a 600-Foot
Column of Water imd tree.
- From the Dallas News.
E.' F. Turner of Hamilton 'county
said: "1 was riding horseback across
the country Thursday and passed
through tha town of Meridian, where I
took dinner. After dinner I started
toward Waco, and had a hard time on
account of hlrh water.
"At about 6:30 p. m. I was a few
miles from Clifton, when I found a
cyclone chasing me," and I galloped
away from It aa fast as my horse
could carry me. Presently I found
that It had passed me, and I sat on
the brow of a hill and watched its
course. It was carrying along much
debris and When it struck the Bosque
aver it sucaed up all tne water, leav
ing the bed of the river practically
empty. it crossed the Bosque ob
liquely and the water it took out of
the bod of the stream was carried up
ward In a column which appeared to
me to be about BOO feet high.
i no mosi remaricaDie pan or tnis
phenomenon was the fact that it had
torn up by the roots big tee and the
tree Was tm.tOD . llt th column nt
water, waving like a plume. When the
column of water broke tha tree went
jailing; on and fell about half a' mile
wuiu wnure n was taicen up.
university;! of Oregon, pride of state
V v
r
.aiMrr
i, J
! fa. &
- ri.. n rmn
THE IMMENSE
, -AT, ' : VX x :;:.f
Courteous
Treatment
Third
and
Buraside
Third
V ?and
Buraside
Goes Merrily On Capturing Them All Schaelfer
Bros., Men's Clothiers, 913-15-17 Market
Street, San Francisco
' ' ' - . . "f ' . ,
The fire-stricken merchants sold their $85,000 stock of Men's and
Boys' Clothing to The Hub. The entire assortment is being
rapidly disposed of at. ,J
On the E6Har
Visitors to the Rose Carnival
should grasp this opportunity to supply .their clothing needs at.
practically their own prices. All the goods are of high merit. '
Only the shabby and badly 'damaged articles were disposed of in
'Frisco. We paid the freight, sq naturally we didn't wapt to. bring
clothing 700 miles that we couldn't give-away.
Doors Open apighl p
Monday Morning
Clock
ni
I :.x: V .'V " . y
mmmmk
Plenty ot
Salespeople
elective, the only speclfia regulrements
beln that the student must take at
least one hour or English composition
during his freshman year, must take
two years of some language other than
English during his freshman and soph
omore years, and fulfill the major re
quirement, which may be explained In
this way. Every student on entering
th . university must choose a - major
subject, as for Instance, economics If
he expects to study law, or English If
?.t.wlshe." t0. conm a Journalist, or
civil engineering, or biology Jf he ex
pects to become a physician, or any
other among a number of subjects of
&e27lh2 university (.In which ma
jor subject he must take "not less than
20 or more than in
ery
work takes two years ot physical, train
mg in tne gymnasium.
Tha total enrollment In all denart
meats for the present year, not- lnclud
lng tha correspondence school and thi
summer school. Is 714 students, an In
.creasa of - nearly tl per. cent over the
enrollment of last year. Tha indica
tions are .very-strong that tha growth
will be even greater next year than it
has been this.. The teaching force num
bers 83 members, 41 of whom are re
quired In the departments . at Eugene.
Tha university library- Is one of. the
largest libraries In the northwest, and
contains about JO. 00 volumes of care
fully selected reference' books. It Is
the depository of all government docu
ments, and receives most of tha stand
ard periodicals. xne worging aauip-
.H,r uuro3T?,r graduation. Er-lment of the laboratories la good, and
to nis outer is steadily Delng added to each year.
The t'niverslty of Oregon (founded la
1ST6) Is an Integral part" of the edu
catixnal, eyBtenv of the state. At Eu
K. :e are located the Graduate, school,
the college of- literature, science, and
tli arts, tire college of engineering, the
i !.nol if education, 'the school of music,
tl.e summer school. nd the eorrespond-fi.i.-o
stliooL At Portland are the col-
Deady " and VJilara Halla Prom the Corid Oaks, Un verslty ot Oregon
leges of law ' and medicine. . Four to
six years of work are offered, leading
tS degrees of bachelor of arts, bachelor
of stience. master of arts, master- of
science, civil engineer, electrical engi
neer, mining engineer, doctor-of med
icine, and bachelor of law.- . . x , .-
The requirements for admission to the
freshman class comprise the comple
tion of. a four years', high school course;
or its equivalent Students who have
completed such a ooursa are admitted
wlmout exsmlnation. The regular work
of a student is IS hours a week for
eight semesters, or a total of 124 hours
for graduation, Each student must be
able to maintain creditably each sem
ester at least, nine-of tha IS hours of
Un'lve?s1ty!0rk' ln 9TiWM, W1
The course of study' "i very largely
COUCH CO) 5
ivtnYtZEnsixur
: WA3rimcrort
Decoration DayS
ium. us acumg our good
At the cut price of r -" V.
$6.oo ;;
.Per Ton, Delivered "
B 1771 PHONE US l EAST t.
F. B. JONES & C0.
Bank, Store and. Office Railings
Fenelnty- '''
and ,
Trellis W-rk
Fire Escapes
and
Fire Casings
" '! iMm mmmf i
Portland Wire & Iron Works
"V
k A
Cor. Second and Bverett Btm.
Phono Main 3QOCX
J0UENAL LINEES COST LITTLE. ACCOMPLISH MUCH
II
'.V
V:.
U 1x
i
. - .'x, ...... s f, . . , ........ , . !. ,
-f"i4..'.