THE ' OREGON : DAILY JOURNAL, PORTLAND. WEDNESDAY , EVENINO.V FEBRUARY 23. 1808.
WATERWAYS OTMSSION
-REPORTS:
0
ART OF FINDINGS TO' CONGRESS
: K
U
PEOPLE 1ST WORK FOR
I
IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS
(Continued from Pare On.)
coordinating the work of tlie varloua
i.n.,in.ni ma far aa It relate to
' waterways. Otherwise there will not
only be delay, bul lh" PODlu "bole
will fall to ft from our atreama tne
benefits to which they .are Justly en-
" The commission recognises that the
; coat of Improving our Inland waterwaya
will be large, but far leea than would
be required to relieve the congestion of
traffic by railway extension, 'be bene
flta of such improvement will be large,
also, and they will touch the dally life
of our people at every point, uniting
the lntereata of all tha atatea and eec-
tlone of our country. The coat and
beneflta ahould be equitably dlstrlb
.'"' uted, by cooperation with the ataiea and
the communltlea, corporatlona and in
'" divlduala beneficially affected. 1 ,ieart-
' lly concur In the commissions recora-
. menaation to mis enu. buku
rf tlon ahould result In united effort In
' carrying out the great duty of Improv
ing ir Inland waterwaya. . While we
delay, our rivers remain unused, our
traffle la periodically congested, and
tha material weajtn ana natural -eourcea
of the country related to wa
terwaya are being ateadlly absorbed by
great monopolies.
- Among these monopolies, as the re
port of the commteslon points out, there
is no other which threatena or haa ever
threatened euch Intolerable Interference
wlUi the dally Ufa of the people as the
consolidation of companies controlling
watr-twer. I -call your special atten
tion to the attempt of the power cor-
. , poratlona. through bllla Introduced at
tha present session, to escape from the
possibility of government regulation in
tha lntereata of tha people. These bills
: are Intended to enable tha corporations
i to take possession In perpetuity of rta
; tlonal forest lands for the purposes af
their business, where and aa they please,
wholly without compensation to the
public Yet the effect of granting such
. privileges, taken together with rights
' already acquired under atata laws.
would be to give away, propertiea of
enormous value. Through lack of 'ore
eight we have formed the habit of
f ranting without compensation extreme
y valuable rights amounting to mo
' nopolies on navigable streams and on
the public domain. The repurchase at
J treat expense of water rights thus care
essly given away without return has
. already begun In the east, and before
long will be necessary In the west also.
No rights involving water power ahou'd
be srranted to any corporations In per
petuity, but only for a length of time
sufficient to allow them to conduct
'their business profitably. A reasonable
charge - should, of course, be made . for
, valuable rights and privileges which
tney obtain from tha national govern
- mentv The values for which this charge
- is mauo win uiumaieiy, inrougn am
- .natural growth and orderly develop-
ment of our population and industries,
reach enormous amounts. A fair share
- of tha Increase should be safeguarded
for the benefit of the people from whose
labor It springs. The proceeds thus se-
'and Improvement has been met should I
and its" tributaries, whose commercial
development will directly affect half
our pfople. The Mississippi should be
made a loop of the sea and work upon
it should be begun at the earliest pos
sible moment Only less Important Is
the Atlantlo Inner passage, parts of
which are already under way. The Inner
passages along the gulf coast ahould be
extended and connected with the At
lantlo waters. The need for the de
veloping of the Pacific coaat rlvera la
not less pressing. Our people are
united In support of the immediate
adoption of the progressive poilcy of
inland waterway development.
Xalaad Development.
Hitherto our national policy of In
land waterway development has been
largely negative. No single agency has
been responsible under the congress for
making the best use of our rivers, or
lor exercising foresight in their de
velopment In the absence of a compre
hensive plan, the only safe poilcy kui
one of repression and procrastination.
Frequent changes of plan and piece
meal execution of projects have still
further hampered i Improvement A
channel ia no deeper than Its shallow
est reach, and to Improve a river short
of the point of effective navigability Is
a aheer waste of all it costs. In spite
of Isrge appropriations for their Im
provement, our rivers are less service
able for Interstate commerce today than
they were half a century ago, and in
aplte of the vast Increase in our popu
lation and commerce they are on the
whole less used.
The first condition of successful de
velopment of our waterways is a definite
and progressiva poilcy. The second la
a concrete general plan, prepared by
the best experts available, covering
every use to which our streams can be
put We shall not succeed until the re
sponsibility for administering the policy
and executing and extending the plan is
dennliely lata on one man or group of
men who can be held accountable.
Every portion of the general plan should
consider and so far as practicable se
cure to the people the use of water for
power, irrigation, and domestic supply
as well aa for navigation. No project i
should ba begun until the funds neces
sary to complete it promptly aro pro
vided,1 -and no plan once under way
ahouldi be changed except for grave rea
sons. Work once begun should be
prosecuted steadily and vigorously to
completion. We must make sure that
projects are not undertaken except fur
sound business reasons, and that the
best modern business methods are ap
plied in executing them. The decision
to undertake any project should rest on
actual need ascertained by lnvestlga
tlon and Judgment of experts and on
lta relation to great river systems orto
the general plan, and never on mere
clamor.
rrooeoda for Water rower.
The improvement of our inland
waterways can and ahould be made to
pay for itself so far as practicable from
the Incidental proceed from water
power and other uses. Navigation
should of course be free. But the
greater return will coma from the in
creased commerce, growth, and proa
opie.
SOME POINTS FROM MESSAGE
Thj commission realizes that the cost pf improving our i
inland waterways would be large, but far less than would t
be- required to relieve the congestion of traffic by railroad
extension. ,
I call your special attention to the attempt of the power
ful corporations, through bills introduced at the present aes-
sion, to escape irom tne possiDiiuy oi government regulation
1 in behalf of the people.
i i, i
The improvement of our inland waterways should be
', made to pay for itself so far as practicable from the incidental
proceeds of water power and other uses.
Deritv of our people' For this ?n hnv
naturally bo devoted to the development I already waited too long. Adequate
vi our imana waterways. I xunas snouia oe provided, uy bond issue
-i no report jusuy cans attention to
Waste of Besonrces.
. the fact that hitherto our national pol
icy naa oeen one or almost unrestricted
. v disposition and waato of natural re-
, . sources, ana empnasises tne xunoamen
' tal neceaslty for conserving these re
sources upon wnicn our present ana ru
. -ture success aa a nation primarily rests.
Running water is n. moat valuable natu
- .ral aaset of the people, and there la urg
ent need for conserving It for naviga-
tlon, for power, for irrigation and for
domestic ana municipal supply.
, The commission was appointed to ob
tain information concerning our water--wys
aa related to the general welfare.
Much work waa done, but more remains
..to oe done berore a plan for their de
. '-velopment can be prepared in detail.
'We need Additional information on the
-flow of our streams, the condition of
. cnannejs, the amount and cost of water
traffic the reauirementa for terminals.
'the area in each watershed which uhnuld
be kept tinder forest, and the means of
. preventing sou-waste and - the conse
. ' quent damage to oUr rivers. But it is
neither necessary nor desirable to post
, pone the beginning of the work until
; all the facts are obtained. We have
suffered heavily In the paat from tha
lack of adequate transportation facill
ties, and unless a beginning .is made
promptly we shall suffer still more
heavily in the future.
'Being without -funds or an expert
( staff, the commission has confined Itself
, to principles affecting the whole prob.
lem and the entire country. Its report
is a plea, in tne jignt or actual Tacts,
' ror simplicity and directness in dealing
with the great problem of our Inland
y waterways In the interest of the peo
v pie. It submits no specific plans or
recommendations concerning even the
'. most important projects. The first of
: these of course concerns the Mississippi
- VrHl If there are any weak
:; spots in your armor, the
:l - spring rains will find
i: them, co
! Better get inside one
I of our new Sping Rain
1 coats, $15 to 520.
CLOTH Ml G CO
IC5-163 Third Street
If necessary, and the work should be
delayed no longer. The development of
our waterwaya and the conservation of
our foreata are the two most pressing
physical needs of the country. They
are Interdependent, and they ahould be
met vigorously, together, and at once.
ine questions or organisation, powers,
and appropriations are now before the
congress. There is urgent need for
prompt and decisive action.
THEODORE KOOSEVELT.
February 26, 108.
Following the president's message the
report of tha commission was read aa
ioiiows:
The Investigations and discussions
have resulted in certain statements of
ract connected with navigation and oth
er uses or the Inland waterways set
forth hereinafter as findings, with cer
tain conclusions set forth as recommen-
-twi,ci, mm mav ici lain limners 91111
under discussion which are set forth as
inquiries in progress.
The commission is fullv ivan that
Its creation was due to a demand of the
people, and that there exists an expec
tation in certain localities that the re
port here presented will lnclud plans
extending fn detail to the principal wa
terways us. tne country, to prepare and
consider such plans would require ex-
iohubu Biuuy ai larire exnensn hv on.
gneers and other experts whose services
wero not avauaDie. under the lnstruc
tions from the president, and in the ab
- "i- iuuus auu oi me men anu time
required for such study, the commission
was necessarily confined in preparing
this preliminary report to the more
general features of ''a comprehensive
pian uesignea ior tne oenerit ot the en
tire country." viz.. a statement of nHn.
clplea and an outline of policy, coupled
wnii i cLuuiiuenuaiions wnicn ir adopted
will Insure tha continuation
and the practical application of the
principles and policy.
Findings.
1. The Possibilities of tnlnnrl naviga
tion are indicated by the fact that thera
are in mainland United States some 25,-
uuu mnes or navigated rlvera and at
least an equal amount which ar nnvi.
gable or might be made so by improve
ment: there are also some 2.500 miins nt
navigable canals, and over 2,500 miles
of sounds, bays and bayous readily con
nectable by canals aggregating less than
1.000 miles in lensrth to form inner nno.
sages paralleling the Atlantic and Gulf
coasts these being additional to some
tnousands or miles (reckoned hcrwopn
leading ports) of regularly navigated
waters In lakes and land-locked bays.
These waterways He in or along the
borders of Alabama. Arkansas. Califor
nia. Connecticut, Delaware, Florida,
Oeorgla, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,
Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine,
Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan,
Minnesota. Mississippi. Missouri. Mon
tana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New
Jersey. New York. North Carolina. North
Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Penn
sylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina,
soutn Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Ver
mont. Virginia. Washington. West Vir
ginia and Wisconsin, 1. e.. 42 states;
while the development of rivers for ir
rigation, power, and other purposes will
also render navigable certain waterways
in Arizona, Colorado, Nevada. Naw Mex
ico, Utah and Wyoming. Although It is
not probable that any considerable share
or tnis vast mileage ot navigable water
ways will be improved to a high stand.
ard of efficiency at least at an early
aate, yet tne assured growth, or the
country and the capacity of these waters
not only for navigation but for other
uses render imperative the necessity for
mcir control ana utilisation as an asaet
of almost unlimited value. It is desir
able that these waterways, of which por-
iiuii iibvv ueen surveyed or improved
for purposes of navigation, should be
further Investigated with a view to the
systematic development of interstate
commerce In coordination with all other
uses of the waters and beneflta to ba da
rived from them.
Bail way Congestion.
J. While, tha railways c mainland
ITnltfd States have been notably effi
cient in extending and promoting the
nMwi.mtlAn n.1 nnmmltrpi of the coun
ir it ! rlsar that at seasons recurring
n-ith in,raainar frwiimncv they are un
able to keep pace with production or iu
meet the requirements of transportation.
Waterway jtestoratlon.
u-hit navis-atlnn of the inland
waterways declined with the Increase In
rail transportation during me inirr u-
n.,n. nf ik. naat rinturV. It has P'
come clear that the time Is at hand for
restoring and developing sum iiiis.hu
na.rlirnllnfl nH Wltr I Tn PO T t ft 1 1 OH aS
upon expert examination may appear to
confer a Denerit commensumio mm
co,t, to be utilised Dojn inarycnuounj
nil ns a necessary adjunct to rail
reimportation.
Hallway Competition.
whiu tha decline of navigation in
the inland waterways was largely due
to the natural growth and legitimate
competition attending railway extension.
t Is also clear mat railway unoresia
have been auccessfully directed against
ilm normal maintenance and develop
ment of water traffic by control of wa
terfronts and terminals, by acquisition
or control of competing canals and ves-
ela, by discriminating tantrs. oy re
bates, by adverse placement of tracks
nd structures, and by other meana.
Kallwaya, Waterways.
8. Anv comDlete or practically suc
cessful plan for the general improve
ment of waterways must eventually
provide for satisfactory adjustment of
the relation of rail lines to such water
ways. Since present and prospective
railways reach all parts of the country
while navigable waterways are con
fined to certain natural lines. It Is clear
that railways can so control transpor
tation as to leave the waterways in
sufficient traffic to support the requi
site vessels and terminals. The rail
ways have accordingly, save In certain
exceptional cases, substantially ab
sorbed the traffic of the country, and
unless the present unrestricted and
short-sighted competition between the
two systems is intelligently adjusted
they will continue to do so. 8o large
a portion of railway traffic is free from
water competition that railways can
readily afford to so reduce rates on
those portions affected by such compe
tition as to destroy the profits of tha
water lines without appreciably affect
ing the profits of the rll systems
which recoup these reductions by high
er rates elsewhere. This haa been the
case with most of the great Inland wa
terways, exceotlna- the Great Lakes,
where the conditions of water and traf
fic approach those of open seas. In
spite of the great Increase of traffic
and the continued improvement oi wa
terways, the total river traffic of the
country has steadily decreased potn
proportionately and absolutely, with the
result mat rew rivers are usea ro any
thing aDDroachlna their full capacity.
It will not relieve traffic congestion to
improve our waterways unless tne im
proved waterways are used; hence It Is
obvious that relief from the existing
con irea tlon bv waterway improvemen
can be made permanently effective only
through aucn coordination oi run anu
water facilities as will insure harmo
nious cooperation rather than Injurious
opposition.
Commercial Data.
6. Existing data as to the nature and
amount of the internal commerce of the
country are extremely meager and in
complete, such information ia essential
to the intelligent treatment of the ln-
land waterways, and it is desirable that
means be employed to oDtain it.
Purification.
7. Improvements of navigation In In
land waterways in tne main anect xa
forably the purity of the waterways and
the regularity of the supply, and these
tuny Kept
oblecta should be carefully kept In
mind. The increasing pollution of
streams by soil-wash and other waste
substances connected witn a growing
population reduces the value of the
water for manufacturing purposes, and
renders the water supply for communi
ties injurious to and often destructive
of human life. The prevention or tnese
evils should be considered in any
scheme of inland waterway Improve
ment. Begun entatlon.
8. Engineering works designed to Im
prove navigation affect favorably the
regimen of the streams, Including floods
and low waters. The annual floods of
the United States occasion loss of
property reaching many millions of dol
lars with considerable loss of life, while
the low water of late summer Involves
large loss in diminished water supply.
In reduced power, and in the fouling of
streams, with consequent disease and
death. It has been claimed that In spe
cific cases the cost of works required
both to control floods and meet the
needs of commerce would be less than
the amount of this loss. It is desir
able that more detailed information be
collected concerning the effecta of floods
and low waters and their prevention by
engineering works and other devices.
. The annual soil-wasrr in raa.iiuanu
United States is estimated at about a
thousand million tons, of which me
greater part Is the most valuable por
tion of the soil; it is carried into the
rivers, where it pollutea the waters,
necessitates frequent and costly dredg
ing, and reduces the efficiency of works
designed to facilitate navigation and
afford protection from floods. The di
rect and indirect losses irum inn ouurc-e
have not been measured, but are exceed
ingly large; and it is desirable that
definite determinations be made with
the view of devising means for reduc
ing the loss to the land and preventing
the impairment of the streams for pur
poses of commerce.
10. Both the regimen of streams and
the purity and clarity of waters are af
fected by forests and other natural
growth, and bv farming, mining and
other industrial operations over the wa
tersheds in which they gather. Mil
lions of acres in mainland United States
have been deforested unnecessarily, and
the floods and low waters ascribed to
this cause have in some localities occa
sioned losses commensurate with the
value of the timber. Means should be
devised and applied for coordinating
fnrestrv - farmine. mining and related
industries with the use of streams for
commerce and for otner purposes.
11. The effect of wide variations In
th lovAi ot navieable streams is to
render difficult the establishment ot,
necessary terminals for the handling of
traffic, and thus to interfere seriously
with tha utilization of our inland wa
terways. The prevention or mitigation
of such variations would be most help
ful to the revival of river traffic, and
means to this end should be adopted In
plans for waterway improvement.
Irrigation.
11. The storaara of flood waters.
combined with the diversion of streams
to arid and semi-arid lands for pur
poses of reclamation by irrigation, cre
ates canals, and also tends to clarify
the waters and increase the seepage or
return waters during times of drought.
There have already been put under Ir
rigation over 10,(100,000 acres of fertile
land, adding 260.V0O homes and several
hundred million dollars of taxable
wealth, and it la estimated that by
fully conserving the watera and by
utilising the water-power developed in
connection with storage and other works
fully three times as much land can be
reclaimed In the western half of the
United States, it is desirable to con
tinue the collection of data with a
view to so adjusting Irrigation and
power development with navigation and
other uses of the streams as to secure
the highest value of the water to the
greatest number of people.
Vower.
13. Locks and certain other works
designed to Improve navigation com
monly produce head and atore water in
such manner as to develop power avail
able for industrial purposes, while
worm designed to develop power on
navigable and source streams affect
the navigation and other usea of river
systems, and these uses must neces
sarily be considered together. Infor
mation concerning water-power In the
several states and sections is Incom
plete, yet it is known to be a vast and
Intrinsically permanent aaset which
should be utilised for the benefit of
the people of the country, in whose
Interests it should be administered with
careful resard for present and prospect
ive condltloi.3. The facts ascertained
In certain specific cases furnish a basis
for the claim that the value of the
power would pay the cost of all en
gineering and other work required In
such cases to control the atreama for
navigation and other uses. In the light
of recent progress in electrical appli
cation It Is clear that over wide areas
the appropriation of water-power of
fers an unequaled opportunity for mo
nopolistic control of Industries,
Coordination.
15. The control cT wntirwa v on
which successful navigation depends is
so intlmatelv conneetei with the pre
vention of floods and low waters, and
works designed for these purposes;
with the protection and reclamation nf
overflow lands, and works designed
therefor; With the safeguarding of
banks and maintenance of channels, and
works employed therein; with the puri
fication and clarification of water sup
ply, and works designed therefor in
conjunction with interstate commerce;
with control and utilisation of power
developed in connection with works for
the improvement of navigation; with
the standardizing of methods and facul
ties and the coordlnatiag of waterway
and railway Instrumentalities; and
inrougnout tne larger area of tne coun
try with reclamation by irrigation and
drainage, and works designed primar
ily for these- purposes that local and
special questions concerning the con
trol of waterways should h trAnt1 aa
a general question of national extent,
while local or special projects should be
i-uiiBiucrnn as Parts or a cnmnrohAtu v.
policy of waterway control in the inter
ests of all the people.
Benefits. ,
18. It Is ronurvatlv a
that Judicious improvement nt tha
waterways of the eounffv will nnf.
direct benefits through Increased trans
portation facilities which will exceed
the COSt. While the rnllntaral Wflt.
will be at least comparable with the
gain to commerce. Under a coordi
nated plan, such collateral benefits as
the enhanced value of lands rviaimH
y irrigation and drainage, the value
f water-power develnnM th innr.o.
Values due to the prevention ct n.
and low waters, and the great benefits
i vxi'i'cu sna ciaruiea water, will
works n alance th9 cost ' th
si v ir a u ass. isi slt m. m i i mar
Mr Z V? if
II I" t fjT " -
i i - .
iss. . i-y
i
ffliMitill
This limerick lacks one line of completion.
we will give a half pound Ghirardelll's
Cwcoa can full, of silver dollars (93) for the
bost line submitted to complete It. In case
more than one person submits the line selected
as best the money will be divided pro rata.
One. person may send many solution! as he wishes: there is no limit. The
correct answer may be sent in any
form, but we prefer that it be written
upon the back of a label taken from
any size can of Ghirardelli's Cocoa. An
swers must be mailed on or before April 1.
plainly addressed to GHIRARDELLI'S Con-
rV.tfii;Vy test Dept., 20 Montgomery St, San ,
fCimiyJ Francisco. Here'a the -Limerick":
A sickly young student at Yale
Tried to strengthen himself upon
ale,
But a wise "College Widow"
Said, "Cut it out, Kiddo,
an n tn u i ri
mmlMmmi
- -V
(Leu Than a Cent a
Is made with scrupulous, conscientious care and
old fashioned attention to cleanliness, purity,
goodness and quality. No Cocoa at any price
can be better or more delicious. jYour grocer
sells and recommends it
Bankers and Lumbermens
BANK
I
Administration.
22. In order to improve h Inland
waterways for. navigation ni .t h
same time coordinate the agencies and
means or transportation, develop the
collateral benefits of watnnnv im
provement, adapt all natural and Indus
trial conditions related with waterways
to the attainment nf nM,.im. 1
ins at the minimum coat ani nartt
means for distributing the cost equit
ably between federal agencies, atates.
municipalities, communities, corpora
tions and Individuals in a prompt and
efficient and economical manner, if i.
ealrahie to maintain on niii.i
Ive agency with large powers for the
nvstlgation and elaboration of protects
Receives
Accounts of
Individuals
Merchants
Manufacturers
Corner Second
& Stark Streets
Portlandj'Orcgon
Capital $250,000.00
nder suitable legislative regulation.
Conservation.
21. The Immediate us of nitnni .
ources ia the rapid develonmnt nf th.
country are often allowed to stand In
the war of more beneficent and perma
nent utilization. This la especially true
of all resources connected with running
waters, the substantial value of which
has not been adequately appreciated. It
Is clearly practicable, without undue ex
pense or Interference with current use.
to carry out broad plans for the com
plete development of the resources of
the country, and thua assure to the
greatest number of people the greatest
good for both the present and the fu
ture; while If this la not done th tem
porary or partial deevlopment of these
resources will prevent their full uttliaa-
ijv . , eenei benefit. Steps
hould be taken without delay to out-
anu initiate the more pressing
projects of conservation, and to apply
practically the principle of conservation
before it is too late.
Regulation.
24. Our UnRUroftSRpri nntural wAalth
nu tne eagerness nf nnr nsnni. tn- im
meoiate results regardless of future
needs have led to a policy of extrava
gant COllHUmPtlon nf nt.Hnr.nl
and to an encouragement of monopoly
whereby an excessive share of such re
sources has been diverted to the en
richment of the few rather than pre
served for the equitable benefit of the
many Monopolistic tendencies have ap
peared (a) in the extensive control of
mineral fuels on public lands whereby
yaiutu cuoenuai to tne develop
ment of the country have passed beyond
public regulation; (b) In tne acquisition
and needless destruction of forests
whose preservation is a public necessity
iu, ou cojii ;umrui, ior timDer supply,
and for other purposes; (c) in the ac
quisition of controlling altes on water
ways and the appropriation of valuable
water powers with their segregation
from public use without adequate com
pensation, wherebv Indispensable utili
ties escape public regulation 'in the
interests of the. people; (d) in the seg
regation of lands, especially In the semi
arid regions, whereby development is
retarded so that the lands remain with.
out benefit to commerce or advantage to
the growth of the countrv: () in th
control of products and of transporta
tion to disturb the normal values and
natural channels of trade, thereby im
posing burdens on producers and con
sumers; and (f) in various interferences
with the production and commerce of
TV
I IS
WO M. Laoo Pres..
TMtO.aWiwcxMV.PJ
I
LUMBCM
ETC HANOI
SUIIOINO)
f sfl
OUR NEW POLICIES OFFER ALL1 THAT IS BEST IN
LIFE CONTRACTS EITHER TO BUY OR SELL.
Low Non-Participating Rates High Cash Values
SUPERIOR INDUCEMENTS OFFERED TO RELIABLE ACTIVE AGENTS.
Apply to JZ8BB B. flEJ.Hr, Manager of Areata. 914 tnmber Exchange Blag.
the country, whereby prosperity is cur
tailed and progress Impeded. While
such monopolistic tendencies have been
conspicuous in connection with the
agencies of transportation, they are now
in many cases opposing the best utiliza
tion of streams by diverting their con
trol from state and federal Jurisdiction
In the public Interests to personal and
corporate means of excessive and bur
densome profit. Since transportation is
a primary factor in the existence and
development of any people, and Is in
creasingly important with the growth
nf population. It is essential that its
means should be regulated, In the public
Interests; and any plans for relieving
congestion of transportation in the
United States should be so framed as
to employ all proper state, federal and
municipal agencies in protecting from
monopolistic control not onlv the
agencies and avenues but, also the ma
terials of Interstate commerce.
Xeoonunenda tions.
We recommend that hereafter plana
for the improvement of navigation in
Inland waterways, or for any use of
these waterways m connection wttn
Interstate commerce, shall take account
of the purification of the waters, the de
velopment of power, the control of
floods, the reclamation of lands by IrH-
gatlon and drainage, and all other uses
of the waters or benefits to be derived
from their control.
We recommend that hereafter both
local and general benefits to the people
shall be fully considered in any such
plans for the Improvement of naviga
tion in Inland waterwavs. or for anv use
of these waterways In connection with
Interstate commerce; and that wherever
practicable federal agencies shall co
operate with states, municipalities, com
munities, corporations, and Individuals
with f view to an equitable distribution
of costs and benefits.
We recommend that hereafter, any i
plans for the navigation or other use of
Inland waterways in connection with
interstate commerce shall take full ac
count or transfer facilities and sites
and of the location of tracks, s-mitna.
bridges, dams, depots and other works
on navigable and source streams with
a view to equitable cooperation between
waterway and railway facilities for the
promotion of commerce and the benefit
or tne people.
We recommend that anv plans for Im
proving the inland waterways shall take
account of the present prospective rela
tion of rail lines, to such waterways,
and flhall ascertain so far as may be
whether such waterways when' Improved
will be effectively used In the face of
railway competition; and that the rela
tions between railways and waterwaya
be further examined with the nurnnaa
of devising meana of rendering the two
systems complementary and harmonious
ana making such fair division of traffic
that rates and management mav b co
ordinated economically with benefit to
tne country.
Commercial Data.
We recommend the adoption of means
for ascertaining regularly all facte ref
lated to traffic on the inland waterways
ana ror puoiisnmg tne same tn a rorm
suitable for general use.
We recommend the adoption of means
for ascertaining and rendering available,
at such rate as to meet public necessi
ties, all requisite data related to the
physical character and general utility of
the navigable and source streams of the
country.
We recommend that hereafter any
plans for the use of inland waterways
In connection with interstate commerce
shall regard the streams of the countrv
as an asset of the people, shall take
full account of the conservation of all
resources connected with . rannin
watera, and ahall look to the protection i
of these resources from monopoly and
Establish
Your Credit
I
N the banking
world by open- .
ing up an account-wit
K us.
Every department
of modern banking
is in operation at
our institution.
German-'
American Bank
Sixth and Washington Streets
Portland, Oregon
Safe Deposit Boxen
$4 and up per year
We recommend that tha conaraa
be asked to make suitable provtsior1
ior improvinar tne inland waterwav
of the United States at a rate com
mensurate with the needs of the people
as determined by competent authority,
and we suggest that such provision meet
these requisites, via: expert fra.rn.lna
t f rieflnftA MrtHnv nn.fntni.i f.
ity and coordination of plan and work
expert Initiative In the chdlce of
projects ana me succession or works
ireeuum in selection or projects in- afr
cordance with terms nf innnrai
and the widest opportunity for aonlvJ
ln evi Arlarn "KnatMAesi .il vw-w.l
legislation. i
.we recommend that the
eongrer
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