the Joregon Sunday journal ; portijuto ; sur
GO Cents efzatf
-rW Government Jncwc&fes Z.oysiIy
LongyJti of
Terror byaid to
Have Blunted
Nations Sensi-
Mities
HAT could be more deplorable
than for a nation, once having
tasted the pleasure of hhh civil-
Jked development ,'to retrograde into a condi
ihn of dire savagery?
Can you imagine the United States, for
instance, meeting such a fate?
- True, the annals of antiquity recite some
Such instances, but few people would concede
that they could be duplicated in this advanced
age.
; The whole world was surprised, a few
years ago, when an educated African clergy
man voluntarily renounced his culture, the
Christian religion and the company of civil
'ized people, went back to interior Africa,
married a native wife and worshiped fire and
idols. -
How infinitely more wonderful the state
ment that a nation of 140,000,000 souls
nation which civilized Europe has for centu
' ties respected and dreaded is on the verge of
taking such a backward step in the scale of
evolution.
" No less an authority than Dr. Bilingski,
-who has traveled all over Russia, vakes the
"startling statement that that nation is entering
'into decadence. Moreover, he brings testi
mony from his own observation to prove it.
Pther observers in Russia have arrived at the
Jfome conclusions.
I Thousands of peasants have already
taken to the forests, relinquished their reli
gion, moral laws, domestic methods, their love
1 j ' '
vssssr- mmmmL mmm vt . Ymmmi !5a.f .Hii " .;
yy lhan for a nation, once having if f WSm.- M W
m 1 1 11 11 lmimh u 1 nit rm awr t u n nucr'A' ,jw x m 1
Uolated rsllway itatlon and.' on after another. hanl
to a trea. Thoa awaiting tbelr turha muat wltnesa tha
sgonlei of thalr comradea.
When ona will aell ona'a children to avart narration,
vi gory Joean't Mem a great way off.
That la what tha peasantry In tha dlatrict of Kaaan
wera compelled to do In tha recent famine. Tha acea of
the rlrla aold ranged from 1J to 17. and the prlcee paid
were from 50 to 175.
Tha fact that the eoldlera and government official! are
accountable, not to the people or tha courts, but to their
auperlor officer, largely explalna the discouragement that
haa overtaken the peasantry.
Soma time ago an officer commanded a aoldler to mur
der a man; he did It. The facta were known and tha mur
derer could have been arrested at any moment, but -nothing
was done he was accountable only to the' man who
had given him the order.
For wteks after the dissolution of the first Douma,
the people's legislative body, there waa a carnival of
crime, aaaassinatlon and violence such as had never been
wltnetaetl before even In bloody Russia,
The seising of the fortreases at Cronstadt and Helslng.
fors. attended as they wera with awful alaughtera; the
lng their farm machinery, aa well as household utensils
and means of making clothing.
They were perhaps driven to It by tha tax system.
The tax collectors come around and gather in for the
government everything of any value. Why work like
slaves when they could have nothing left for themselves T
This question the peasants answered by deserting their
fields.
Some of them still reside In tha old homes, but do not
till the soil or make any improvements, and when tha
tax collectors come they flea to tha woods like wild peo
ple. And such they are. ' ' .
Maintaining huts just formidable enough to keep out
the winter cold, they have no stoves, and do their bak
ingwhat little they do over a fire on the floor.
Weeds nd bark it trees are used in making bread, for
wheat is scarcely cultivated In some sections. Often
there Is but a single sheepskin in a whole family for
clothing, rnd the members take turna wearing It Deaths
from cold are frequent.
No effort at all 'a mode to keep alive tha little chil
dren that come into those fearful environments. If they
happen to live very well, but not even an ordinary sav
age's parental feeling for them la manifest Political
despotism has killed all that
After a child reaches the age of 7, then it Is seriously
regarded as an integral part of the community. Before
that age they die off like flies. '
BODIES THROWN TO BEASTS
Their oodles are burled without coffins; sometimes not
burled at all, but are carried out a ahort distance from
the settlements and thrown on the ground to make food
for wolves and beara.
From this practice diseases arise which threaten to
decimate the population.
No longer do many villages elect headmen and watch-
f-t , , . , . men, ana rney pay no direct tax to me government Mar-
for the Itvtng and reverence for tha dead. The riage among them is obsolete.
in tact, the sensibilities of the people aeem to be
blunted by famine, oppression and reigns of terror.
It was stated aome time ago that there were 20,000,000
people starving In Russia, ao that it la little wonder that
they go a step farther to savagery.
Is thu government responsible, or are the people them
selves to blame?
Just what share the Cossacks, representing the gov
ernment., have had in the degrading work Is seen in such
lnstancen as he destroying of the Georgians, a highly
Intellectual and noble race whose civilization datea back
1500 years.
For twelve centuries these people held the frontier of
Christendom against the heathen Islam.
But Russia suspected them of being backed by Eng
land and Japan, and they were doomed. It waa the cry
of old Cato over again. "Carthage must be destroyed!"
when Senaldt Konopllanlkovo was hanged for assassinat
ing General Mto. She died with a prayer on bar Ilpa for
Russia. "
Theo there was tha martyrdom of tha Red Widow ot
the Russian Revolution, Frau Linda, who waa the firat to
die when the governor at Reval gave hla troops tha order
to fire on the striking army.
When unlversltiea ara closed, as In St Petersburg
last year, because the student body waa feared by tha
government, what H left but Illiteracy and degradation? ,
Social life, waa completely interfered with by order
of the police, one of which was that people muat not
congregate to play cards. These card parties wera re
garded aa hatching grounds for conspiracy, ao the polio
were Instructed to break up the gamea. ,
There was an Instance of a girl who happened to b
standing peaceably by a window of a Jail when a Coaeack
fired a bullet through her head.
"Murderer, you have killed a woman I" shouted on)
of her fellow-prisoners on a political charge.
What was she standing there for?" brutally asked
the soldier.
For this act the aoldler was especially rewarded with
' a sum of money by the government
Totally heartless have the peasanta been driven by the
lndlgnltlea they have been forced to Buffer. To show how
heartless they became, one Incident will suffice:
When a society was formed some time ago to kill off
enemies, it waa customary to pin to the lips of each
corps a paper setting forth tha exact nature of tha
crime for which he was killed.
Is It any wonder that Ruasla la thought by many to
be sinking into savagery?
t
Staggerino Figures Furnished
by Railways
N
O MORE staggering figures can be Imagined than
those In connection with the world's railways,
pttly implement of civilization kept by them is
the ax, and the possession of an ax is the great
est distinction that a man can gain.
' : i From indications at present, wild nomads
trill at no far distant day charge over the
tnowy wastes where Cossacks now scatter ter
ror and death.
I W hy this degeneracy? The answer may
e found in a review of the massacres, the un
checked disease epidemics, the censorship, pre
vention of free speech and right of peaceful
congregation these and the many other in
dignities which have been heaped upon a long
suffering people.
5 SJi'sAiwze Goidircvc
Only In th'-a Instance it was Baku that must I
stroyed.
"We are going to ruin you. to ruin you utterly,'
the cheerful warning of the Russian officer to the heada
of a Georgian village.
And they did.
This waa Just in line with Russia's policy to wipe out
the Georgians. Is It any wonder that these people have
been ebbing toward aboriginallsm?
For months the people who were not massacred were
compelled to -tay In the forests, and since their return
they have been living In any hut or shelter that they
could find or build among the ruins of their' erstwhile
homes.
How ar the methods of civilization have been shorn
from the government is seen in the fact that within seven
mon'l.o there were 1080 men and women hanged or ahot
under sentence of the military courts, and movtly within
forty-eight hours of arrest.
No Jury trial, no chance for appeal, not even time
to make peace for the soul!
And during the same period 1242 government officials
and members of the police and soldiery were assassinated
by revolutionists.
The manner of executing men and women aentenced
by summary proceedings haa been such as to suggest a
return to-the primitive.
The fxecutions never took place In the prisons or
fortresses, owing to the disorder likely to be caused among
the prlsor.ers. ,
At midnight the doomed men were taken out to an
Workmen -at Djjner'. 'at.
sending to Siberia of 80,000, revolutionists as a result Of
opposition to the ctar's forcea; the robbing of national
banka by revolutionaries-went a long way toward setting
the people back into a savage state.
The frequent and terrible massacre of . the Jew i
known to every one. That these have demoralised the
natiun fearfully la granted everywhere.
The governments method of carina- for th insane la
to let them wander the streets clad in rage. Is It any
wonder that thia haa had a disintegrating effect T
With men oftenchalned and compelled 'to work be
neath the earth s surface, thus dragging out a living
death, thepart that Siberia plays In a, nation's fall 1
large.
It Is said that a single minister of the Interior during
a short stay consigned 2800 people to that worst of tor
ture places. Those who oscape have nothing left but the
life of the forest brothers to the wild beasts.
What of a country which hangs young girls for par
tlclpatlng in a revolution?
Such a hanging took place iaat year at St. 'Petersburg
F
OR thirty years there has been going on in Russia
a economic decay which seemed to reach a climax
when little Japan trounced the great but demor
alised Bear.
That this decay extended to the social side of the
. empire, was not so well known or admitted.
e Now, this condition has obtained a hold upon hundreds
Cf settlements, which have totally lost their heritage of
modernity and relapsed into one of the murky, unen
lightened past.
America, after it had killed off a eufflHent number of
Indians, went to work with a will and civilized those that
remained.
Russia had Its Indians, too-the nomad Samoveds who
people the frozen plains within the Arctic Circle. Their
. borderland was the same as that which, In the pioneer
days of this country, separated the civilized nation bulld
- era from their lavage foea.
' . But th difference is that Russia, Instead of civilizing
I" t.?Smad.8 if. Permitting them to savaBlze her-that is,
according to the stories that come from the domain of the
; Jtfear.
There Is a theory among evolutionists that if a man
tieepmea unworthy of the plane of development upon
which h. haa been placed he will be punished by being
Sestny aew "art " ver d wo, k ut hl
- I6NORANCE is general
It I not difficult to concf Iva of such a law applying
to nations; reason would sanction it even thouuh there
were not ucb examples a Sodom and Gomorrah to bear
It OUt. " , - ; .-.
' In order to realize how such a condition could come to
I ass in Russia just consider that there are 112 000 000 of
Lusnla's i40.0v0.000 inhabitants who cannot read or write.
Ignorance is the chiaf cause of decadence. But there
. axe other reasons almost as serious.
Ir, li linski says that In many of the parte where he
traveled all apt1 ranees of material culture have dlsap
peared from the homes of the peasants. If people re
iained ft-t-n the basio fundamentals for civilization they
would at in-t cling to tb implements by which they
injjrni iv'rrc i:'u 1110 wvii a uviuh. ' r- . k
Detective:
L
OOK ct. for the
camera man I
Should
you ever an
ticipate committing .1
crime; should you ever
feel an impulse to pay
a visit to your friend
while he is asleep at
night ; should you feel
a desire to let your
hand wander into the
pocket of an acquaint
ance"; should you cold
bloodedly prepare to
aever the head from
the body of an enemy,
you had better pause
and look about yotf.
Be sure that no' one ia about with a black, mo
rocco-covered box. Otherwise, you may be haled
into courtead convicted. ;
try, however, detectives have been rather slow to recog
nize the advantage of the Irrefutable evidence of the sen
sitised plate. But within the last two years detectives
have taken to the use of the camera and have accom
plished remarkable results.
Have you ever seen the little pocket cameras which
resemble rather large cigar case? Well, if you should
go homo tonight. iiV. Business Man, and be indiscreet
enough to kiss Betty the French maid, don't forget that
lurking nearby may be a detective in the employ of your
suspicious wife who is waiting to "snap" you.
.Wherever one goea he is likely to meet a man with
a camera. The kodak fiend ia ubiquitous. Therefore the
detective who wishes to carry a camera will not likely
arouse suspicion.
"The camera has not been extensively used by the
flrst-clasa detectives in America," said a prominent de
tective recently, "but it has been widely used by the
bunco steerers and blackmailers of the business. It ha
been used more than any one suspects.
"There are Innumerable cases where private detectives "
have tracked men and snapped them when they were in
emuarrasaing positions ana places, sometimes such
a.
Di. ture is used In a divorce case hv ona of tha n.rtu. imm the most Photographed of detective
Again, it is employed to mace a man of money. rlR. Wooldridge, of Chicago. Mr. Wooldrldge. however Is
, ROGUES AND THE CAMERA
"I know so-called detectives who make a business of
study It and remember it Then they have n difficulty
In recognizing a criminal. . . . '
But the crooks have lately taken the detectives' own
method for their protection. In Chicago, it la said, there
Is in existence a "rogue catchers' gallery."
There the crooks, for a dollar, can see photograph
of the best-known detectives In the United States.
The business of a thief Is to steal. But his difficulty
is not so much the accomplishment ot his Job as not
getting oaught The up-to-date thief realises that he
must know the detectives.
Formerly the detective bad all the advantages. Th
picture of the crook was to be aeen in kteadquarter in
any city and hla arrival there waa soon known to de
tectives who would recognise him.
In tine, however, a clever but unscrupulous photog
rapher got to work in the criminal courts, police stations
and detective headquarters in Chicago fwa snapped the
pictures of the best-known detectives. Then he made m
r'rogue catchers " gallery. vs- ,
v Here the light-fingered gentry may safely becom ac
quainted with the detectives, and they can keep a look
out for them In whatever neighborhood "they may work.
is uimon
owever. is
on of th best "make-up" men la the country, and hi
which hare Increased In the lat few decd
with almost Incomprehensible rapidity.
Possibly the next great engineering marvel will b
the linking of America and Asia by means of railway
and tunnel from Alaska, vl Behring Straits, to Si
beria, Tha preceding generation might hav conldrd
the cost prohibitive It Is estimated at $600,000,000.
Not so tha present generation of builder. For that
amount represents no more than the cost of the Trans
Siberian Railway, to build which, $400,000,000 wa ap
pended, with another $100,000,000 added almost Imme
diately for Improvement It has S842 miles of track,
and during th war MS locomotives and 45,000 freight car
were constantly employed on It
Almost as long will be the Cape-to-Calro line, which
Is now nearlng completion. It will be 700 miles be
tween terminals. Already it carries 7968 miles of tele
graph, comprising 30.720 miles of wire, and the total
expenditure to date la 1128.513,020.
. The highest bridge in the world links up this rail
way over the Zambesi Falls. It contalna ltfOO tons of
steel and is 420 feet high, or 60 feet higher than St
Paul a, London. The whole of St Paul a could be dumped
into the chasm which U spans.
Tha world altogether possesses 637,105 miles of rail
road, repreaenting a total value In hard cash of forty
three billion dollars. This estimate covers 160.000 loco
motives, 225,000 pasaenger coaches, and 3,000,000 trucks
for freight
WORLD'S LARGEST STATION
The largest station Is now being built In Lelpslg at
ai.uvu.wu. ia leng-in win ds neany iuuo leeu ana
us luiruteii piaiiorms eacn over luuu teet long, tic
giKanuc sieei arcnes, eacn iu reel wide. WU1
platforms. ' ,
ihe longest tunnel Is the Simplon, which JsssfLes th
Alps. It is 12 miles long and cost fcsu,0oo,ooo. More than
100 Uvea wem Toat'.WT Us construction, which began in
1898. The highest railway ascends the Sierras, Peru. It
tunnels the Andes at u height of 15,645 feet an elevation
reached In the short distance of seventy-eight miles.
In its building 8000 workmen were engaged at one time.
&nd nearly 8000 died or were killed during the six year
of its construction.
A railway up Mont Blanc will probably be the next
great enterprise of thia description. The French govern
ment has sanctioned a scheme to build a railway whlott
will skirt the mountain's glaciers, crevasses, and preci
pices till it reaches the top a height of 15,781 feet.
Probably the most luxurious train in the world be
longs to the kaiser, It cost $1,000,000 and took three
years to build. Its gorgeous saloons contain two nursery
ooaches a gymnasium, a music-room and a treasure
room. Oil paintings and statuary decorate the drawing
room. The treasure room is constructed on the safe
deposit principle, with two large burglar-proof sates. Th
"crew" of the train comprises several secretaries, six
wdjutanta, the household physician, many body servants
and the Imperial barber, valet and chef. '
The fastest time ever made by train was attained on
the Marlenfelde-rahlwat Electric Railway, near Berlin.
An electric motor-car, over 100 feet in length and weigh
ing 95 tons, traveled at the rate of 130 miles an hour over
a twenty-three-mile track. The only discomfort experi
enced oy tne passengers waa the terrific noise, which re
liirnln are amasinar.
Twelve years ago vr. faui jesericn. a cnemisi, or
R
T-v ECENTLT a woman brought ult against her hus
band for dlvorc la larg city She asked for
big alhnony, hut produced little evidence about
tha misdemeanors of her spouse. ' However. . she
produced a photograph in court. Th woman pictured
there wa.fnot his wife. The wife won her case.
m. - . i a i . r . I n J . , .
Vi. , . . . 4Aitt..i . iim earners una uvea uiwu vy pwimuu i m uvicc-
Iba Jiueuns. observers say. ar dellberatelyi desert- tlves la England for mora than t a years. In this coun-'
sieuining persona ana getting pictures lor this purpose.
Bona fide detectives frown upon this, however; and use
the cameia only in the righteoua cause of bringing crim
inals to Justice.
"A jury sometimes cannot be convinced by oral testi
mony or circumstantial evidence. But when one has a .
picture to produce, there can be no defense. A man can
not deny mat.'
the
Nothing has been a greater deterrent to. crime than
'Toames calleriea." Here the camera haa slaved am
invaluable part In securing: tha capture of criminals and
the decrease of crime. .
. When a man is arrested, bis first trial la before th
camera, and after that he Is a marked man. - His pictur 1
goea to almost every city in, th country, Detectlvt
Rariin. introduced the camera into th detection ot crime.
Dr. Jeserich argued that the camera reveals many things
Invisible to the eye, and declared that better evidence
can ba got from the photograph of a room in which a
murder waa committed than by mere .examination' of th
: room. - f "; ;'''.. " . : - " ' "
. .The first criminal case brought forward was Itaelf
remarkable. The chemist photographed the body of a
man who had been assaulted and killed.
In the picture he saw a hair on. the man' clothing.
- This hai- waa pictured In the . form of av photomicro
graph. .Microscopic examination showed specks on the
hali. and revealed it aa that of dot.
sembled the clanalna of 10.000 blacksmiths' hammers. -
The world a long-distance record for speed Is held by
E. H. Harriman, who crossed the continent from the
Pacific to the Atlantic, a distance ot 3306 miles, within
three days, thirty-three minutes, attaining a speed of
eighty-three miles an hour over one track of 137 miles,
and an average apeed of aixty-slx miles an hour.
' The Londjn suburban trains hold the passenger
record. They Carry every year over 400,000,000 passengers.
There are 631 stations in London, and there will be 600
when the new tubes are completed. The Central Lon
don tube alone carries 258,000,000 passengers a year. B- '
tween 9 A. M. and 10 A. M. every day 127,343 persons enter
London by train. . . ,
f " 1 . i ' '
He Saw the Fossils
N AJ4U8INQ story 1 told by the London Express
as follow: ' ,
A lew years ago a young curat of rather an
archeologlcal turn of mind was visiting one of our,,
fine cathedrals. On being told by a friend thjfct ther
' wa 4 fine collection of old fossils to be aeen1
; CbaDter Hons, he aet off there without delay.
ing open tne aoor, ne xouna a veneraDie dean ai
chapter- sitting in council. - -
in nia surprise, ne oiurtea out that ne had been told
that he Would find there a fine collection of old fos--J
A
th'.'.
By mea,iaf the .photograph, a dog with similar hair--alls. ..Tha1 dean,, appreciating this unintentional refer--
located, and the owner, when charged, confessed to - ence to nimseir and nis coueagu
- was
tha murder.
rues, roared with laugh-
tar, and the curate retired much discomfited.
11