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About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 4, 1906)
THE OREGON DAILY JOURNAL. -PORTLAND, TUESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 4. 190& PRESIDENT REGOMMNDS-TMATION-OF THE-WEALTHY In Annual Message . RooseveJ' Asks Congress to Pass Ship . Subsidy Law and to Tax ' Inheritances. V ' . ' (Jonrmal ( Washington. Dec. President Roo.- V velfs annual meuag to congress m ' read today, it la a lengthy document, containing 20.000 word la part ae PA- . , lowa: ' Oampalgxs Contribution. As a nation we atlll continue to enjoy ; ' literally unprecedented proaperlty; and , It la probable that only reckless pen. ' latlon and disregard of legitimate bnal nsa methoda on the part of the buai i ' nea world can, materially mar thla pros- : parity, '. . No congress In our time haa done more good work ot amportano than ' the present, eongr. There war ev oral mattera left unfinished at your la at aesston, however, which I ; catty hope you will complete before your adjournment. I again recommend a law prohibiting ai( corporation from contributing to -the oampalgn expenaee of any party, : such a bill haa already passed one house of eongresa. Let Individuals con- tribute aa they dealre; but let ua pro ... hlblt la effective - fashion - all eorpop . a tlona from making eontrtbutlona for ; any purpose, directly or Indirectly. "."-. Might of Appeal. Another bill which haa lust passed r one house of the eongresa and which ; It la urgently necessary ahould bo en , acted into law la that conferring upon the government the right of appeal In criminal 'eaaeaf'on questions of law. This right exists in matny of the eta tea; it exlata in the District of Columbia br act of the conareaa, I can not too strongly urge the pae- - sage- or the bill In question. . A I ail ure to paaa It' will reeult 'in ser loualy hampering the government tn Ua ; effort to obtain Justice, especially against wealthy Individuals or corpora' tlona who do wrong. ". Aatt-XaJoaoWoa tew. - In my laat measage I suggested the . enactment of a law In connection witn A tha issuance of injunctions attention . having been ahaxplv drawn to the mat : r- tor by the demand that the right of , applying Injunction - in labor eases should be wholly i abolished It la at least doubtful whether a Jaw abolish lng altogether the uae of lnjunctlona in such casea would atand tha teat of tha courts; In whioh caae of course the legislation would be ineffective. ' More over, I believe It would bo wrong al together to prohibit the. us of lnjunc tlona. lynching- BpideaUe. -" In connection with the delay a of the law, I call your attention and the at tention of tha nation to tha prevalence of crime among ua. and above all to . tha epidemic of lynching and mob vio lence that aprlnga up, now in ona part of our country ,riow In . another, To deal with the crime of corruption It la necessary, to have an awakened public conscience, and to awpptpment thla by whatever legislation will add speed and t certainty in tha execution of law. -u , The greatest existing causa of rynoh !"lhg la tha perpetration, especially by black men, of tha hldeoue crime of rape ! the moat abominable in all tha eate . gory of crlmea, even worse than mur ' der. .'.. ' . In my Judgment, tha crime of rape ahould alwaya bo punlahed with death, ' aa la - the caae with murder; assault rftfiTKtH imfflrr rape snouia made a capital crime, at leaat In tha - discretion of the court; ana -provision ' ahonM be made by which tha punish ment may follow immediately upon the heela of .the offense, while tha -trial . ahould be so conducted that tha victim nMi not be wantonly ' ahamed ' while giving tesflrrfony, and that tha least possible publlcUvshs.il be given to the detalla. Labor ana Capital. - In dealing' with both labor and capi tal, with tha queatlona affecting both corporations and tradea unlona. there la , one matter mora Important to remem ber than aught elaa, and that Is tha In finite hard-dona by- preachers of mere .discontent " The are the men who "eek to excite a violent elase hatred 'against all men of wealth. They seek to turn wise and proper movements for th better control of corporation and for doing away with the aUuse con nected with wealth tnto a campaign of hysterical excitement and falsehood In which tha aim la to Inflame to madneaa tha brutal pasalons of mankind. I call you attention to the need of passing the bill limiting the number of hours of employment of railroad m ploye. The measure ia a very moder ate one, and I can concelva of no seri ous objection to It. Indeed, ao far aa It la In our, power. It should be our aim steadily to reduce the number of hours of labor, with as a goal the general In- troductlonof an elght-houf jlay. T4l Child-labor Ao. The congress at Its laat aeaalon wise ly provided for a truant court for the District of Columbia a marked step In advance on the path of properly caring for tha children. Let me again urge that tha congress provide for a thorough Investigation of tha oondltlona of child labor and of the labor of woman in the Vnlted States. Among the excellent laws which tha congr pasaed at tha laat aeaalon was -an emoloyere' liability law.- It was" a marked step In. advance to., get recogni tion of employers' liability on the atat uta booka. but the law did not go far enough. In spite of all precautions ex ercised by employers . there . are un avoidable accidents and even deaths In volved In nearly ovary Una of business connected with the meehanlo arte. Thla Inevitable sacrifice of Ufa may be re duced to a minimum, but It cannot, be completely eliminated. -. ... I We are anxious to do business with you. That's a good time to insure. When you become anxious to do business .......... , , .- .- - f with us it will most probably be too. late for you to pass . .- the doctor. ." QregdDE 1 1 jff Tn rouor-iounr ooiAjnr. Horn office. Commonwealth Building, . , - A. Mills, I Samuel, . Preeldsnt. . , . , , General DODGES TARIFF REFORM BUT r i. '-" Preaident Theodora Roosevelt. firms roartt " "t recommend a law prohibiting to the campaign expenses of any ' "The crime of rape oJS)aaaiiIt to commit rape ahould ber ptmlshed e with death. ; y . ' ...... ' a "It ahould be our aim to steadily reduce tb number of hours of labor with as a goal tha general lntroductlosof an eight-hour day. e . "The ownership (of coal lands) ahould remain In the United Btatea, w which ahould not however attempt to work them but permit them to, be e worked by private Individuals under a royaltyyatein, the government aeelng that no exoeaalva price is-charged consumers. w "The best wayjto avartbVvery jBndeelrabtempyjforJhgovern- mental ownership of railways is to aaoura by tha government, on behalf - e of the people-adequate control and regulation of tha great Interstate common carriers. . e "There la no mora legitimate tax for any state than a tax on tha franchises conferred by that state upon street rallroada and similar corporations. , 1 " ' ' " ' ' - ' .'.-- -- ,' ,-' r . "The national government ahould Impose a graduated Inheritance ' tax and If possible a graduated income tax. . s " . "Tha whole queatlon of marriage and divorce should be relegated to the- authority of the national' eongresa. " Xur present system (of finance) la aerloualy defeotlve. "This hostility toward tha Japanese la sporsdio and is limited to t O y.. very few places. NeVertheleaa It e , pie, and It may ber fraught with tha e ; tlon. i V - To'ahut the Japanese out from e . suraiiy.- ' 4 ' "It ia only a very small body of our eltlsens that act badly. Where the federal government has power 4t wllt deal summarily with any. ' '1 recommend to the congre that an act be pasaed specifically 1 providing for th' naturalisation of Japanese who com her Intending. ,.to become American cltlsena. ' " 4 1 do not ak' that we continue to Inoraaa our navy.- ' I ask merely - that It b maintained at Its present strength. " . ; , . ' '.' 'I' t ' ' Th commission appointed by the president, October 10, l0t. at th re quest of both the anthracit coal oper ator and miner,' to inquire Into, con sider and pass upon th qurstlon In controversy In connection with the strike In the anthracite region of Penn sylvanla and tha causes out of which th controversy arose. In their report. flndlnga and award expressed th belief "that tha atate and federal governmenta should provide the machinery for what may be called th compulsory Investiga tion Of controversies between employers and employe when they arise." Thla expression of belief la deserving of the favorable consideration of the congress and th enactment of It provision Into law. A bill has already been Introduced tq thl nd. ,r ..... Withdraw Goal lull, ' It I not wis that th nation ahould alienate Ita remaining coal lands. 1 have temporarily withdrawn from Bat tlement all th landa which th go- lns-iral aurvev haa indicated a contain In a. or in all probability containing, coal. Th queatlon, however, can be properly aettled only by legislation, wnicn in my Judgment " should provide for the with drawal of theae landa from sale or from entry, save in certain especial circum stances. Tha ownarahlp "would then re main In th United Btatea, which should not, however, attempt to work them, but permit them to b worked by private In dividual Tindr-roy4 ty -aysUm. the government keeping uch control a to permit It to that.no excessive price wa chargeor consumers. T Control Corporatloaav ' The nasaac of the railway MIL and only to a leaa degree th passage of th pur food bill, and th provision for In creasing and rendering mor effective national control over th beat-packing ocr. Sixth and Ankeny, Portland. Oregon. . . - . - CUrano B. Samuel, Manager. . ,v... . JLaalatant Manager. v. .-" . . r , S - i . or nxssAoa. all corporations from contributing party. Is moat discreditable to ua as a peo- e graveat consequences to the na- -s . ' ' , tha public schools la a wicked ab- w ' ' ' : ' '' Industry, mark an Important advance In th . proper direction. Tet In my Judgment It will In th nd be advisable In connection with the packing houaa inspection law to provide for putting a oat on tn label and for charging tha coat of Inspection to th packer. All theae laws hav already Justified their enactment. , The best way to avert the very un desirable move for '.the governmental ownership of railways la to secure by the government on behalf of the people aa a whol auch adequate control and regulation of the great Interatate com mon carrier as will do away with the evtle which give rla to th agitation against them. So th proper antidote to the dangerous and wicked agitation against tha men of wealth aa auch la to secure by proper legislation and executive action the abolition of the grave abuaea which actually do obtain in connection with th bualneaa ua of wealth under our present system or rather no system of failure to exercls any adequate control at all. . . Combine Heoessary. . . . 'What wa need Is not vainly to try to prevent all combination, but to secure auch rigoroua and adequate control, and supervision of the' combinations as to prevent their injuring tha public or existing in suoh forms as inevitably to threaten injury for the mere faJt that a-combination ha secured practically complete control of a necessary of life would - under any - circumstancea -show that auch combination was to b pre sumed to be advers to th public Inter est. It 1 unfortunate that our present law should forbid all combinations, in stead of sharply discriminating between those combinations which do good and thoa combinations which do evil. Often railroad would Ilk .o oombln for th purpose of preventing- a - big ahlpper from maintaining improper advantage at th expene of small shippers and of th general public. Such a combina tion, Instead of being forbidden, by law, should be favored. In other word. It should b permitted,.. .tq railroad to mak agreements, provided these agree ment were sanctioned by th Inter state commerce commission and were published. With these two condition compiled with It 1 Imposstbl to see what harm auch a combination could do to th public at large. Aa Xaherltaaa Tax. Th question' of taxation Is dlffloult tn any country, but It Is especially dif ficult In our with Ita federal system of government. Some taxes should on every ground be levied In a small dis trict for ua In that district. Thus th taxation of real carat I peculiarly on for th Immediate locality In which th real estate la found. Again, there la a mor legitimate tax for any atat than a tax oa the franchise conferred by that atat upon street railroad and similar corporation which operate Wholly within tha slat boundaries. eometlmee In on and aometlroe In - era! munlclpalltl or other minor dlr vision f th Stat. . ,,. . People of San Francisco Scolded for Barring Japs From School and Threat of Force Is , .Made by Executive.- ?:! But there are many kinds of .taxes which can only be levied by tha gen eral government ao aa, to produce the best results, because, among other rea sons, tha attempt to Impose them In one ""particular stats too. often results merely in driving, tha corporation or in dividual afTected to so. me other locality or other state. The national govern ment hag long derived 1ta chief rev enue from a tariff on Imports and from an Internal or axclaa tax. In addition to theae there to every reason why, when next our system of taxation la revised. the national government ahould Impose a graduated Inheritance tax and if pos sible a graduated income tax. . , . ' . Tores! Preservation. Much is now being dona for tha states at the Rocky mountains and great plains through tha development of tha na tional policy of Irrigation and forest preservation; no government policy for the betterment of our internal condl tiona haa been mora fruitful of good than this. The, forests of tha White mountain and aouthern Appalachian region a ahould also- be preserved; and they cannot be unleaa the people of tha states In which they lie, through their representatives In the congress, secure vigorous action by the national govern ment. , ' I invite' the attention of tha conareaa to tha eatlmate of the secretary of war. ror an appropriation to enable him to begin tha preliminary work for tha con struction of a memorial amphitheatre at Arlington. Tha Grand Army of tha Re public In ita national encampment has urged the' erection of such an. -amnhJ- theatra as necessary for the proper ob servance of Memorial day and as a fit ting monument to the soldier and sailor dead burled there. v anuria and Stvoroe, "I am wall aware of how dlffloult It la to paaa a constitutional amendment, i Nevertheless in my Judgment the whole question of marriage and divorce ahould be relegated to tha authorltv of the national eongresa. At present the wide airrerencea in the laws of tha different states on thla aubjeot result In aoan. oaia and abnaea; and surely there la uuwing ao vitauy vaaenuai to the wel far .- of - tha - nation.- nothln - arouiui which the nation ahould bend Itaelf to throw every safeguard, as tha home ure oi in average cltlsen. Tha chim. would be good from every standpoint. In particular It would be good because It would confer on the congreaa the power at one to deal radically and efficiently with polvaamv: and: thin ahould be done whether or not marrlaca and divorce are dealt with. It la neither safe nor proper to leave the queatlon of polygamy to be dealt with by the several states. Power to deal wun it should bo conferred on the na tional government. Ask hlp Subsidy. Let me one again call the attention Of th congreaa to two eublecta nn. cernlng which I bay frequently before communicated with them. One 1 th question of developing American ahip- pin, i trust mat a law embodying In substance th views, or a major part of the views, expressed in the rnxirt n thla subject laid before the Jiouaa at-itsJ session win ce passed. I am well awar that In former year objection able measures hav been proposed In reference to th encouragement nf Am. erlcan shinning K. it --T, t tu the proposed raeasur la aa nearly un oDjectionaDie aa anv can ha. ft m t course benefit primarily our seaboard statea. such a Maine, Louisiana, and Washington; but what benefit part of our people in th and benefit all; just a government aid to Irrigation . and forestry In th west is really of benefit not only to th Rocky Mountain states, but to all our country. - Ourwncy form.- I especially call your attention to the second subject, th condition of our currency laws. Th national bank act baa ably served a arrest nnrrvr... . i- aldlng the enormoua business dsvslop- .... .... i i. country;, and within ten ywra were naa been an Increae In clr vuiauuu pr capita rrorq 111.41 to ... or several yeara evidence haa pwir accumulating that additional legls lation I needed. All commercial Int.r vsis surrer ourin each cnu . hi cacouvi rsies xor can money In New York attract money from th interior bank Into th apeculatlva field? thl. deplete th fund that would, otherwise be available for commercial uaea, and commercial borrower are forced -to pay "' rsie; so mat aacti fall a tax. in tne shape of Increaaed Interest cnargee. is placed on th whol cora merce of the country.' Tne mere statement of the.. f.t. shows that our present svstem la ..h. ousiy aerective. Ther I need of change. Unfortunately, however, many r mm propnaea ensnges must b ruled irom consideration because thev an complicated, are not ey of compre hension and tend to disturb existing rights and interests. W must also ruie out any plan which would mate rially Impair th value of th Vnltad Btatea t per cent bond now oledsaii to secure circulation, tne issue of which was maa under condition pecollarlv creditable to th treasury. I do not press ny especisl pun. Among . th plan which are possibly feasible and wnicn cenainiy enouia recelv vour contrlderatlew Is "that Tepcatcd)y--frroaghtfthat-- -Inlernatlnnal governmental ac- to your attention by the present Mere. tary of the treasury, th essential feat ures of which hsve been approved by many prominent nanxer and business men. PhOlppla Tariff, I moat earnestly hop that th bill to provide a lower tariff for or else absolute free trad In Philippine nrod uct will become a law., No harm will com to any American Industry; and whll thr will be om small but real material benefit to the Filipino, th main benefit will coma by tha allowing made aa to our purpose to do an in our power for their welfare. We are constantly increasing th measure of liberty accorded the Is landers, and next spring. If condition warrant, we ahall take a great atrld forward In tenting their rapacity for self-government by summoning tha first Filipino legislative asaembly; ' and the way tn which they stand thl test will largely determine whether th ' self government thus granted will b In creased or decreased; for If w have erred at all In th' Philippine It ha been In proceeding too rapidly In th direction of granting a large measur of self -government for Bloaa Affairs. American eltlsenahlp should b con ferred on , the cltlaana of Porto Rico. Th harbor of San Juan In Porto Rlc should be dredged and Improved. The expenses of the federal court of Porto Rloa. should be met from the federal treasury. Tha admlnlatratlofi of tha affair of Porto Rio, together wltA Will Be at A. B. Stcinbach & Co. EVERY boy in Portland can be sure of a Merry Xmas this year. - A wide-awake Santa Claus 'u a great glowing Christmas tree and presents for every boy that comes to our store accompanied by . axasa aSaa k a)a V ' J ) jp9 T aM XMAS PRESENTS FREE whether you buy or not ..when Santa arrives. Watch for his coming. ; Raincoat or overcoat we will give a Football. We've also got Spalding and Gloves, and fine three and . four to give away. Your choice make those of th Philippine.. nw. cur other Insular poaseBsion.. all be directed unaer one , partment; by prererence xnm v ........ of atat -or tn upu -Tli, need of Hawaii are peculiar; aid ahould b given the Island.; and our effort ahould b unceasing to develop them along th line of a com munity of mall freeholder,-not - of great planter wun cooih-uhm Situated a thl territory , in ine mlddl of th Pclflc ther ar dutie Imnosed Upon thl small raum17 whih An not fall in lixe'aegsra or nrvnn uit other American com munity. Thla warrant our treating It differently from the way in which we treat terrltoriee contiguous to or sur rounded by lster tarrltorle or other states, and Justine tha Betting aalda of a portion of our rvenuea to be ex pended fof educational and Internal im i Alaska Tiscussd. Alaaka'a need hav been partially mot. but ther muat b complt reorganisation of th governmental y- tem, as I hav be ror roaicaiea io you, t ..k vour eapeclal attention to this. Our fellow-citlsen who dwell on the shores of Puget sound with characteris tic nrgy ar rrnging to hold In Seattle the Alaska Yukon Paoiflc xpo altion. ' It epeclal aim Include the upbuilding of Alaaka and th develop ment of American commero on th Pnclfio ocean. This exposition, in Its purpos and' cope, ahould appeal not only to tha people of the Pacific elop. but to th peopl of th United State at large. Alaaka sine It wa bought haa yielded to the government Ifl.OOO,- P0 of revenue, ana na proauceo. oeany 1300,600,000 In gold, fur and nan. Japanese rtoMem, It'll a mistake, and It betrays I spirit of foollah cynicism, to maintain tlon 1. and must ever b. baad upon mer selfishness, and that to' advance ethloal reasons for auch action la al ways' alga of hypocrisy. Thl la no mor neceasarlly true of tha action of aovarnmemt than or tne action or Individuals. Not only must w treat all nations fairly, but w muat treat with Justloe and good will all Immigrant who oom her under th law. Whether they ar Cathollo or Proteatant, Jew or Gentile; whether they" com from England or Germany, Russia, Japan, or. Italy, mat' ter nothing. ' Mostlllty atpoyadi. I am prompted to say thl by th at tltuds of hostility her and ther a aumed toward the Japan in this country. Thla hoatillty. I aporadlc and la limited to a very few place. Never- thclea It 1 most discreditable to ua as a peopl, and it may b fraught with th grave.t consequences to th nation. Th frtendehlp between th United Statea and Japan haa been eontlnuoua sine the time, over hair a century ago, wneo Commodore Perry, by hi axpedltlon t Japan, firat opnd th Island ta .west ern civilisation. : - Through th Red Croa th Japan people sent over I100.00 to th suff ers of San Francisco, and th gift was accepted with gratltud by our popl. Th courtesy of th Japaneaa. national ly and Individually, haa become proverb ial. To no other country haa ther bean auch an Increasing number of visitor a frea thla land a t Japaav la return, I SANTA CLAUS Today, Tomorrowand every day 'withxvcry-Child'tvdBoy's-SuIt, ' Japanea hav com her In great nura bera. They ar welcome, aoclally and Intellectually, in all our college and In stltntlon of higher learning. In all our profeaslonal and social bod lea. ' - Saa fraaoiaos Censured. HerTind ther most unworthy feel ing ha manifested itself toward the Japanese the feeling that haa been hown in shutting them out from, the common schools In Ban Francisco, and In mutterlngs against them In on or two other places, because of their effi ciency as workers. To shut them out from the publlo school la a wicked ab surdity, wben ther ar no. ftrst-clas colleges In th land. Including th uni versities and colleges of California, which do not gladly welcome Japaneaa students and on which Japanese students do not reflect credit. W hav as much to learn from Japan as Japan haa to learn from va; and no nation I fit to teach unleaa It la also willing to learn. Our nation front on the Pacific, Juat a It front on th Atlantic. We hop to play a constantly growing part In th great ocean of th Orient. It ia' only very email body ot our cltlsena that act badly. Where th federal government baa power It will deal aummarlly with any such. Where th several state hav power I earnestly ask that they also deal wisely and promptly with such conduot. or el thl small body of wrongdoers may bring sham upon th great mas of their Innocent and right thinking fellow that la, upon our na tion as a whol. Good manners should "be an "International no leas than an In dividual attribute. I ask fair-treatment for th Japanese a I would aak fair treatment for German or Englishmen, Frenchmen,. Russian or Italians I aak It as du to humanity and civilisation. I ask it aa du to ouraelve because w must act uprightly toward all men. I recommend to th congre that an act be pasaed specifically providing for the waturallaatton f Japan.aa stasia. her Intending to become Amrlen clt lsena ' . Cuban Question. Laat August an insurrection broke out In Cuba which it speedily grew evident thai tha exlating Cuban government was powerlesa to quell. Thl govern ment waa repeatedly asked by th than Cuban government to Intervene, and finally waa notified by th president of Cub that he Intended to resign; that hi decision wa Irrevocable; that none of "the other constitutional offlcsrs would consent to carry on th govern ment and that he wa powarl to maintain order.- It waa evident that chaos waa Impending, and ther wa vary probability that If step were not Immediately taken by thl government to try to reator order th representa tives ef various European natlona In th Island would apply to their reapeot lv governments for armed Intervention In order to protect th live and nroo. erty of their cltlsena Thank to th prprdn of our navy, ' I waa abl Immediately to send enough ship to Cuba to prevent th situation from be coming hop. leu and to raster, peace. i mi Ooaf ereae. , , Th oond International conference of American republic, held la Mxlc In th yeara loi-i. provided far th holding of th third conference within flv yeara, ami committed th fixing of th time and place- end the i arranare- menta for the conference to th govern-1 lng board or the bureau of Amartoan I republic, ompod Of th rpnBr ' th MBMMntr ' n genuine Victor Baseball Mitts - bladed Knives rz your selection. tlvea of all th Amartoan natlona tn Washington. That board dlsohaiwad th ' duty lmpod upon It with marked fidelity and painstaking oar, aad upon th courteous invitation of th TJMted State of Braall th nferea e waa held at Rio d Janeiro. ontlnalag from th lid of July to th lath of August laat.' Many subject of oatnmoa in teres to U th Amartaon nation war dlaoaaaed by th oonferenca, and th sooolaaaon) -reach. d. mbodld In a arte ef resolu tion and proposed oonvan tlona, will b laid baf or yon upon th coming ta of -th final report ef th Amertoaa dele gates. .- .. I hav Juat returned from a trtp to Panama and ahall report pw at length later on th whol bjae o? th Panama eanaL- -- - Army aad Yavyt I do not aak that we contlime to ta- ore our navy. I aak merely that it be maintained at Ita prnt strength; and thl can b don only If w re place th obsolet and emworn ahrp by -new and good one, th equals of any afloat In any navy. -T stop building; ships for on year maana that for that year th navy go back mate ef for ward. ... OFFICERS OF ROYAL - AND SELECT MASONS (pacUl Dtspateh te The JtaraaLt Salem, Or., Io 4. Hodaoa ottnotL Royal and 8eleot Mas on a. A. F. A. M.. of this city, mat laat evening and elected th following officer: Thrice tlluetrU oua master. Lot L. Paro( deputy Ulua trlous master. Jama H. Oodf r.y; prta clpal conductor of work. Oeorg U- Brown; treasurer. II. B. Thlalaoa: re corder, Frank Jakkoakl; captain ef.Jb guard. William Warnar; .conductor of council, H. MoConnell; ateward, J. 8. Weyant; sentinel. H. 8chomkr tomorrow t::t:iT lUKlg Ittttf C:!3 , UaUalLUMlla. ti m! lierv. r..' - i. l . .. .toe, Ik. v '- tj y.IM, j .',.'.. ! -' i , V ' . i " ' ' I '' , i v v , . . ' '..-.." "a t j