THE . OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL. PORTLAND. SUNDAY MORNING. DECEMBER 2. 1905.
WHERE : COWS' ME
CLIMATE CONDITIONS ARE IDEAL FOR DAIRYING
IN WESTERN WASHINGTON AND OREGON
HAPPY
A COW never suffers from ex
treme of cold and heat In the
Pacino northwest. This la th
... reason why dairying- today la
second .nly to lumbar aa tha chief In
dusryT Oregon and "Washington and
with tha denudation of our forests ia
destined to take first place.
' It la hard for any one not acquainted
with cattle to realise what this favorable
climatic condition means to tha dairy
farmer. It iheana that every cow pro
duce more' and richer milk In western.
Wahlngto-and. western Oregon than
would tha same cow track east. It also
means that it costs far less to house
cattle: that It Is -easier to keep them
healthy and that dairy farming is made!
far less laborious than It is where se
vere heat and cold-cause so much extra
and uncomfortable work in caring for
cattle.
A damp climate such as this Is a dairy
paradise. There are fw33eXtnms "
highly favored. The Channel Islands
the Jersey-Guernsey group are buf
feted by Atlantic tempests, but blessed
with fogs, moisture and mildness borne
; to it by the gulf stream. These Islands
' are world-famed as having an ideal cli
mate for dairy cattle. The conditions
there are very similar to thoee In -west-1
Xnerv rri ,iu'-i " . r . . )" i r
Maligned Climate a Never-Ending Delight
BUSED and maligned for a
generation, Oregon a climate
ia Just becoming' known. -The
facL positive as any. physical
eoanition oi eann, ip m-1
or thill State is noi exceuiva. u mmi
given general publicity. Portland, so
erroneously and persistently regarded
the city ' of . constant rains, has lest
precipitation than tha average seacoast
city of the world. Both Boston and
New York city are within an inch pt
two of the same general annual aver
age. Norfolk, Virginia; Wilmington.
Delaware; Charleston. South Carolina;
.Savannah, Georgia; Jackaonville, Flor
ida, and many other prominent cities.
in speaking of which rain- la never
thought of or mentioned,' have mater
ially greater precipitation than Port
land. On the "Pacific. coajjW-Portland la
far from the top notch iff precipitation:
Such Interior cities ss Memphis and
Chattanooga, Tennessee, have much
mora rein than Portland. Tet Portland
' and Oregon have struggled with the
slander of unremitting rains.
Oregon has a remarkably even 'tem
perature and wholesome precipitation.
Mora than half the state haa an average
of less, than to .Inches of rain, where
Irrigation Is needed to raise large crops.
The other portion of the state needs
no lrrigat!on,as a rule, but only at a
few places,', on the highest mountains
or on the coast Una where there Is a
Climatic Map of Oregon. Tha
ff '-Iff Wft. )( V 49 : 7 TcAr1 YON CITY t4i..4w,t
7 f If' 32.' ' X Uu, ' J .' v.: sJ5 ' - . '
nW: . -;7, V J I
i;
Prospective" Milken.
rn Oregon and 'Washington," minus the
storms.
The little peninsula or Denmark, put
ting Into the Baltlo - sea, produce a
large part of the world's butter , supply.
Climatic conditions there are regarded
as extraordinarily favorable for dairy
ing. The summers there- are jults sira
Uar to the summers here, the winter
are far more severe, "but like the Pa
cific northwest Denmark la blessed with
abundant moisture. - -.
v The sunny slopes of the Swiss moun
tains have been used for dairy pur
.Dosea for centuries and all the condl-
'tions which are favorable there are re
produced here in Oregon, wnere me
verity of tha Alpine winter is lacking.
Few places on earth are greener tne
jrearlhrough. than this coast and there
Is no feed better for butter production
than the green pasture which abounds
so luxuriantly wherever our . hills have
been bared of timber.
Owing to tha ease with which a living
andcom petence could be acquired In
less laborious branches of farming,
dairy development has been tardy. r The
prosperity which came from stock
raising and wheat growing caused this
more interesting and ; mora profitable
branch of agriculture to be neglected.
Of late years the necessity for larger
profit- per acre-has come with the in--
COHTAlATITZ TABLE Or TlarPXaATTTaK
AXD 1AIBTAU, FOE FEUfClPAL CITIES.
. . . . , Annual Absolute Absolute
rainfall nax. tt-m. mla. tsm.
Hostoa
New Xork CKy...
Philadelphia ....
Washington .,.
Norfolk
Wllnilnrtaa .....
.o loa i j:i
44 . . ion i .- 10
as.l inn
4:. 1"4 ' 14
Ml lil-i
MS '- ins t
M.T 104 T
M.B 108
Ml 104 ' 10
4 ion 8
SUA lf 1
4H.7 BH 9
62.9 101 10
M.3 104 -u
4S.S ' I0T , !
iU 8 lftt Xt
41.1 107 ' , , 23
XI. i 103 r .. ' II
14 10 . zit
28 T 100-.
. - 101 " 2
rhsrlestoa
BSTannah .......
Jacksonville
Atlsnts . .
New Orleans . . . .
UalTeatoa ,
Chattaonofa .....
Ueoipbla
LoaiaTllle ......
rtilrsso
ft. Uwbl
HI. Paul...
ItenTer
Kan Franrlsro....
Pscilaod. -Oregon
"peculiar contour. Is tha precipitation
excessive.-' "Western' Oregon's average
rainfall la materially less than -that at
Portland, 41.8 inches, while the average
for the state la a surprise to tha world.
Mountains Divide the State.
The Cascade' !n n ge of mountains Is
tha dividing line between contraattng
climates. West of this range tha tem
perature Is mild and the year hss two
seasons the wet and the dry. To the
aast Of this dividing line tha tempera
lures have a wider range, the rainfall
Is lighter, and the customary seasons
Uppef Fipirea Over Each Placa Civa
. '. ' ,V - - ::i
Vt
If f A
evltablo riaa In tha prlca of land and
dairying is "being resorted to. The
grain Industry has exhausted fertility
In many .parts- of the Willamette valley,
but tha richness of the soil la being
restored where the land has been turned
lrtta meadow. VThe retreat of tha forest
under Vx and lira la being closely
pressed ' by - cud-chawing grass ma
chines, who convert tha perpetual green
Into cream checks.
Eastern farmers who coma to this
country are amased to observe Its op
portunities In a dairy way and to aea
at what a low coat this dalary land
may be purchased. It Is a fact that
Improved dairy farms may still be
bought? at from $20, $40 and ISO per
at re, farms that In blisxard-rldden Mln
nesotaould selljaally-jfor llOOan
acre. .. "
The Income from a dairy farm- Is aa
regular as a salary from a corporation.
No branch of farming can compete with
it in regularity or certainty. The cream,
tha most valuable part of the dairy
product, when sold for butter-making,
brings a monthly return In'-the form of
a check. ' Frequently this check Is $100,
$150, 1100 and eveji $300 per month
from farms of comparatively small
acreage. Then there la the-Income from
pork, veal and poultry, the dairy's profit
able . by-products, grown- from skim
of spring, summer, autumn and winter
are experienced. . ;
- In-tha coast "counties near sea level
the temperature .has never gona below
10 degrees above aero, nor haa it ever
reached the 100 degree mark. Tha rain
fall of this section, like that In all
other portions of the state. Increases
with elevation and decreases from north
to south. Along the immediate coast
it Js between 70 and 80 Inches, and In
the mountains it exceeds 100 inches.
In tha Willamette valley' tha mean
temperature, is 62 degreea. And tha rain
fall ranges from 47 Inches In the north"
to $7 Inches In the south. A record, of
the weather has been kept In Portland
for over 10 years, - during which time
tha mean temperature was 61 degrees
and the annual rainfall it Inches.
' Along the -west slope of tha Cascade
mountains tha rainfall . Increases to
about 76 inches at an elevation of 1,600
feet, and to 18 Inches at I.00- feet,
while to the south of the Willamette
valley it decreases to about 10 Inches
on tha hills and to 10 Inches or leas
In tha valleys. This latter section has
a higher altitude than tha Willamette
valley, and - accordingly It experiences
greater extremes in temperature, not
withstanding Its more southern lati
tude. East of the Cascade mountains the
rainfall la light, although-many favored
sections receive enough to make the
land fertile, and large crops of wheat.
the "Mean Temperature and tha Lowe.!
milk, which Irretktned on tha farm for
feeding purposes.. '
One creamery Jn'Portland alone pays
out an average of $40,000 a month In
cream checks to dairy farm era Tha
market conditions her are more favor
able for dairying than In anjr other part
of tha United States. It is a fact that
fancy butter on " the1 Portland market
brings higher prices than In any other
city of its slse or larger In tha country.
This - is , due mainly to the policy of
Portland's big creamery of encouraging
the dairymen.
- (This big creamery la operated on the
copartnership plan. , It buys cream from
the dairy farmer iti the basis of the
selling prlca of Its hutter, so that the
farmer gets the full benefit of the prlca
obtained bjr the creamery for . Its best
product. The dlf feretice In price be
tween tha butter and tha cream fat Is
Always just lVi cents per pound, and
whether tha market rlaes or falls the
farmer geta tha full benefit of tha butter
price less this difference;
This Is an Incentive for him to pro
duce cream - of the finest quality,- as
cream which Is not good enough to use
for the best butter Is -rejected from the
high grade and he Is paid for It on the
basis of an ordinary butter price.
Tha stimulus of a favorable market
haa resulted In breeding high-grade
dairy cattle. Two breeds are especially
favored by Oregon farmers tha Jer
seys and tha Holstelns. Jersey and Hoi
stela cattle, bred and owned In the Pa
cific northwest are second to none on
earth aa producers of milk. In compe
tltloir with cattle bred elsewhars they
have carried away equal and frequently
superior- honors. As California ia to
fruit, ao Oregon and Washington seem
to be to animal life," tha most robust,
largest and finest-developed types being
A
r
The" Dalryman'g Friend"
barley, oats, hay, vegetables and fruit
are raised. .Where-the. rainfall is In
sufficient for raising crops, bunch grass
grows to perfection and .the land is
used for erasing purposes. The most
arid sections annually receive about
eight Inches of rain, while on tha beat
wheat lands the yearly supply is from
20 to 15 inches. The rainfall In east-K
em Oregon Is everywhere heaviest dur
ing May and June, -which safeguards
spring crops by Insuring their germina
tion "and the forming of deep-seated
roots that are later on enabled to draw
moisture from . tha . perennial - supply
stored In. tha undersoil. " ,
Tha temperatures eaat of the Cascade
mountalna vary with elevation, being
aa a rule high during bright summer
days, but alwaya cool r-at night. In
winter aero weather- ia not uncommon,
but cool spells are generally of ahort
duration owing to the prevalence of
"Chinook" winds, which descend the
slopes of tha mountains and warm .the
air in tha valleys below. Winds of this
character are so common that the mean
winter temperature of eastern Oregon
is raised about 6 degreea above what -it
should be in the latitudes affected. .
West of tha Cascade mountains
thunderstorms rarely occur, and hever
Flgurea tha Annual Rainfall
4
.V
5
i
I
have they been knows to causa loss of
Ufa or noteworthy destruction of prop
erty. In eastern Oregon most of tba
summer rains are attended by thundet
and lightning, but as theae rains are
u anally light and infrequent thunder
storms are not of common occurrence.
December, 1904 The mean tempera
ture for .the state was 17.1 degreea
The highest was 63 degrees, at Klamath
Falls and at Williams, and the lowest
degrses, at Burns. The average pre
cipitation was 7.16 Inches, or 0.11 of
an Inch above normal. - .
January Temperature: Monthly mean
(all dlstrlote). 10-1. degreea; highest
mean, 48.1 degrees, at Gold- Beach.
Curry county; lowest. $4.1 degrees, at
Pine, Baker county. The maximum tem
perature waa it degrees, a Willlama,
Josephine county; minimum, 10 degrees
below sero. at Pine, Baker ' county.
Precipitation,: V Monthly average (all
districts), 1.96 Inches; greatest month
ly. 11.87 Inches, at Gold Beach, Curry
county: least, 0.18 of an Inch, at Jo
seph, Wallowa county..., --.
February Temperature: ' Monthly
mean (all districts), 17.4 degrees; high
est mean. 49.6 degreea, at Fairview,
Coos. county; lowest, 22.1 degrees, at
Beulah, Malheur "county... The maxi
mum temperature ' was id degrees, at
Fairview. Coos county; minimum. 17 de
grees below sero, at Pine, Baker county.
Precipitation: ' Monthly average- (all
districts). 2.07 Inches; greatest month
ly, 7.17 inches, at Nehalem, Tillamook
countyt least, 0.11 of sn Inch, at Bla
lock, Gilliam county, and at Hunting
ton, Baker county.
March Temperature: Monthly mean
(all districts).. 47.2 degrees; highest
mean, 62.6 degrees, at Marshfleld, Coos
county: lowest, 39.$ degrees, at Silver
Lake. Lake county. The maximum tem
perature was 8 degrees, at Marshfleld,
Coos county; minimum. 1 degrees, at
Silver Lake. "Lakei county. Precipita
tion: Monthly "average- (air districts),
6.08 f inches:- greatest monthly, 13.63
Inches,- at Falls . City, Polk county;
least, -0.06 of an Inch, at Orass Valley.
April Temperature:- Monthly mean
(til districts). - 61.0 . degrees; hlgheat
mean, 68 degrees, at Blnlock, Gilliam
county;, lowest, 44.6. degrees, at Joseph,
Wallowa county. The maximum tem
perature was 10 . degrees... at Umatilla,-
-malum county: minimum, i degrees,
it Bend, Crook county, and at River
side. Malheur county. . Precipitation:'
Monthly . average (all districts), 1.1 J
tncbea; Heatest monthly, 3.19 Inches, at
Bull- Run. Clackamss connty: least.
0.03 of an Inch, at Grass Valley, finer'
man" county.
i VUy Temperature: Monthly mean
for tha state. 6S.0; highest mejv43. 1
degreea, at Blalock,. .jQllllam county;
lowest, 48.1 degrees, at Joseph, .'Wal
lowa "county 'The maximum tempera
ture waa 92 degrees, at Grants I'nss,
Josephine county, Blalock, Gilliam
county, and John Day, Grant county;
the minimum was 19 degrees at River-
:i M It1 1m
J
Twcntv
an eletrantly
5c fare ; water mains through tract, streets graded ; smallest lot .
To visit iMrldnd take Mt.
M09T. A, A1XOm. ,
Offloa Ttrland Statloa.'
GEO.
'V,
A Contented Herd.
perfected in these states. An Oregon
Jersey belonging to tha W. 8. Ladd es
tate won tha world's' -championship at
tha St. Louis fair, and at tha Portland
exposition cattle from other states, ex
cept one Holsteln herd from Riverside,
California, were absolutely - outclassed
by tha native herds.
A great deal of educational .work is
being dona by dairy papers, making it
clear to farmers that tha profits from
dairying are greatest when productive
cattle are milked. , A cow. for instance,
which yields only 100 or 160 pounds of
butter fat a year costs Just about
much to feed and milk as does a cow
which ylelda $00 or 400 pounds a year.
Tha " dairymen of tha Oregon country
have set the 100-pounds-a-year mark as
standard, and cattle which cannot pro
duce to keep in this class are gradually
being weeded out of tha herds. "
While cream for butter-making pur
posesNs the chlef dairy product, be
cause the moat profitable, it is by-no
weans tha sola product.. The northwest
Is dotted with cheese factories and there
are several large condensed-milk plant a
Then, too, located near the cities and
towns are dailies which supply fresh
milk dally to tha Inhabitants.
Tha Introduction of tha mechanical
side.' Malheur county. Precipitation:
Monthly average for tha state, 1.47
inches. The greatest monthly precipi
tation was 8.69 Inches, at Nehalem,
Tillamook county; least. 0.63 of an inch,
at Burns,; Harney county, :
' June Temperature: Monthly mean
for the state, 69.4; highest mean, 71.1 de
grees, at Blalock, Gilliam county; lowest
64.3 degreea. at Joseph, Wallowa coun
ty. The maximum temperature was
eat monthly waa precipitation was 8.74
96 degrees, at Blalock. Gilliam county,
and at Umatilla, Umatilla county, mini
mum 11 degrees, at Silver Laks, Lake
county. Precipitation: - Monthly aver
age for the state, 1.81 Inches; the great
est monthly precipitation , was 3.74
inches, at Government Camp, Clackamas
county; least, 0.11 of an inch, at Buck
horn Farm, Josephine county. .
July Temperature: Monthly mean
for tha state, 68. degrees; highest
mean, 81.5 degrees, at Blalock, Gilliam
county; lowest, 67.4 degrees, at Newport,
Lincoln county- , Tba maximum tem
perature was HI degrees, at Umatilla
Umatilla county; minimum' 10 degrees,
at Bend, Crook county, and Silver Lake,
Lake county. Precipitation: Monthly
average for Hie state, 0:1 of an Inch.
The greatest monthly precipitation waa
0.S6 of an inch, at Newport,. Lincoln
county; least, none, at a number of sta
tions. August Temperature: Monthly for
tha state, 61.1 degreea; highest mean.
71.7 degrees, at Blalock, Gilliam county;
lowest. 67.8 degrees, at Newport, Lin
O SPICES, o
, C0FFEE,TEAa
DAIflNO POWDER,
Fu:on:;.OEXTnACTS
JUtwIuh Pvfhf,
CU)SSET6DlvYERS
TPORTLAND OREQOMa
7 15EGIN THE YEAR
DEVmSGOLDM
m
stallments
minutes from citv on the Mt. Scott railway,
eauioned electric line. 15-minute service.
Scott car, I-irst and Alder streets.
W. BROWN
. v BOJ TalMnir Bids', V
Third aaWaaMnrtom
s
'
1
.-
; 4
cream separator haa been ' A factor in
revolutionising dairying. By its us on v
tha farm, tba cream Is mechanically sep
arated from the skim milk while still
warm and fresh, and can be cooled un
der sanitary conditions so It will keep
sweet for a much'longer time than waa ' :
possible under , the old-faahloned method
of skimming from pans, with-all Its at
tendant risk caused by exposure. These. . ,
separators are shipped into Oregon in -
carload lota, and are chiefly sold by. the
creamery companies which purchaae tha -cream
products. - --A
l As a class, Oregon dairymen are ex-
ceeaingiy progressiva. l ia n mora
progressiva farmers who take to dairy-
Ing. ; Up-to-date - methods are . being '
adopted everywhere, and are reflected In
tba better quality of tha products. It
la a fact, that butter and other cream-
products manufactured elsewhere can- .
not compete against tha home product"'
at anywhere near tha same price. It is
also true that eastern visitors in Port- 4
land this year were as much surprised -by.
the superior quality of dairy prod'
ucts in this section as by the finer fruits
and vegetables. ' '
A rapid, robust growth with Incraas-.
Ing ' prosperity may confidently . ba ex
pected for the dairy Industry in this
favored region. . .
coln county. . Tba maximum tempera
ture waa 111 degreea,' at Heulah, Mal
heur county; 'minimum, 14 degrees, at
Beulah,' Malheur county. . Precipitation: "
Monthly- anera ge for tha state, 0.1$ of
an Inch, or 0.31 of an inch below tha
normal. The. greatest monthly precipi
tation was 1.91 Inches at Nehalem, Tll-j
lamook county; least, none, at a number
of stations. . . . .
' September Temperature: Monthly
mean for the state, 80 degrees; highest
mean. 70 degrees, at Blalock, Gilliam
county; lowast,-60.$ degrees, at Sliver
Lake, Lake county. Tha maximum tem
pera tu" re was 91 degrees, at John Day,
Grant county; Ls Grande. Union coun- '
ty, and at McKensie Bridge, Lane coun
ty; minimum, 20 degrees, at Silver Lake,
Lake county. Precipitation: Monthly
average for the state, 1.11 inches. Tha
greatest monthly precipitation was 9.79 -Inches
at Glenora, Tillamook county:
least 0.0 of an Inch at Van, Harney
county.
Octobar Temperature: Monthly
mean for tha state, 43 degreea; hlgheat -mean-,
64.1 degrees, at Fairview, Coos
county; lowest, 18.1 degrees, at Silver
Lako, Lake county. Tha maximum tern- ,
perature waa 91 degrees, at Klamath -Falls,
Klamath county; minimum, 9 de
grees, at Silver Lake. ; Lake county.
Precipitation: Monthly average for tha
state. 1.71 Inches. Tha greatest month
ly precipitation was 11.(6 Inches, st
Glenora, Tillamook county; least, none
at .Huntington, Baker county, and at
Vale, Malheur county. .
Pints Flavor,
RIGHT BY USING
WEST
Is the beautiful Portland suburb you hear
I and read so much about, ' where lots are
'soldvfor $120 ($3 tlown and $3 a month)
and homes are built and sold on monthly in
below rent rates, -
60x100 feet.
' ' I -we
--
'-n.J'"" ' ' '