THE . OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL. PORTLAND. SUNDAY MORNING. DECEMBER 2. 1905. WHERE : COWS' ME CLIMATE CONDITIONS ARE IDEAL FOR DAIRYING IN WESTERN WASHINGTON AND OREGON HAPPY A COW never suffers from ex treme of cold and heat In the Pacino northwest. This la th ... reason why dairying- today la second .nly to lumbar aa tha chief In dusryT Oregon and "Washington and with tha denudation of our forests ia destined to take first place. ' It la hard for any one not acquainted with cattle to realise what this favorable climatic condition means to tha dairy farmer. It iheana that every cow pro duce more' and richer milk In western. Wahlngto-and. western Oregon than would tha same cow track east. It also means that it costs far less to house cattle: that It Is -easier to keep them healthy and that dairy farming is made! far less laborious than It is where se vere heat and cold-cause so much extra and uncomfortable work in caring for cattle. A damp climate such as this Is a dairy paradise. There are fw33eXtnms " highly favored. The Channel Islands the Jersey-Guernsey group are buf feted by Atlantic tempests, but blessed with fogs, moisture and mildness borne ; to it by the gulf stream. These Islands ' are world-famed as having an ideal cli mate for dairy cattle. The conditions there are very similar to thoee In -west-1 Xnerv rri ,iu'-i " . r . . )" i r Maligned Climate a Never-Ending Delight BUSED and maligned for a generation, Oregon a climate ia Just becoming' known. -The facL positive as any. physical eoanition oi eann, ip m-1 or thill State is noi exceuiva. u mmi given general publicity. Portland, so erroneously and persistently regarded the city ' of . constant rains, has lest precipitation than tha average seacoast city of the world. Both Boston and New York city are within an inch pt two of the same general annual aver age. Norfolk, Virginia; Wilmington. Delaware; Charleston. South Carolina; .Savannah, Georgia; Jackaonville, Flor ida, and many other prominent cities. in speaking of which rain- la never thought of or mentioned,' have mater ially greater precipitation than Port land. On the "Pacific. coajjW-Portland la far from the top notch iff precipitation: Such Interior cities ss Memphis and Chattanooga, Tennessee, have much mora rein than Portland. Tet Portland ' and Oregon have struggled with the slander of unremitting rains. Oregon has a remarkably even 'tem perature and wholesome precipitation. Mora than half the state haa an average of less, than to .Inches of rain, where Irrigation Is needed to raise large crops. The other portion of the state needs no lrrigat!on,as a rule, but only at a few places,', on the highest mountains or on the coast Una where there Is a Climatic Map of Oregon. Tha ff '-Iff Wft. )( V 49 : 7 TcAr1 YON CITY t4i..4w,t 7 f If' 32.' ' X Uu, ' J .' v.: sJ5 ' - . ' nW: . -;7, V J I i; Prospective" Milken. rn Oregon and 'Washington," minus the storms. The little peninsula or Denmark, put ting Into the Baltlo - sea, produce a large part of the world's butter , supply. Climatic conditions there are regarded as extraordinarily favorable for dairy ing. The summers there- are jults sira Uar to the summers here, the winter are far more severe, "but like the Pa cific northwest Denmark la blessed with abundant moisture. - -. v The sunny slopes of the Swiss moun tains have been used for dairy pur .Dosea for centuries and all the condl- 'tions which are favorable there are re produced here in Oregon, wnere me verity of tha Alpine winter is lacking. Few places on earth are greener tne jrearlhrough. than this coast and there Is no feed better for butter production than the green pasture which abounds so luxuriantly wherever our . hills have been bared of timber. Owing to tha ease with which a living andcom petence could be acquired In less laborious branches of farming, dairy development has been tardy. r The prosperity which came from stock raising and wheat growing caused this more interesting and ; mora profitable branch of agriculture to be neglected. Of late years the necessity for larger profit- per acre-has come with the in-- COHTAlATITZ TABLE Or TlarPXaATTTaK AXD 1AIBTAU, FOE FEUfClPAL CITIES. . . . . , Annual Absolute Absolute rainfall nax. tt-m. mla. tsm. Hostoa New Xork CKy... Philadelphia .... Washington .,. Norfolk Wllnilnrtaa ..... .o loa i j:i 44 . . ion i .- 10 as.l inn 4:. 1"4 ' 14 Ml lil-i MS '- ins t M.T 104 T M.B 108 Ml 104 ' 10 4 ion 8 SUA lf 1 4H.7 BH 9 62.9 101 10 M.3 104 -u 4S.S ' I0T , ! iU 8 lftt Xt 41.1 107 ' , , 23 XI. i 103 r .. ' II 14 10 . zit 28 T 100-. . - 101 " 2 rhsrlestoa BSTannah ....... Jacksonville Atlsnts . . New Orleans . . . . UalTeatoa , Chattaonofa ..... Ueoipbla LoaiaTllle ...... rtilrsso ft. Uwbl HI. Paul... ItenTer Kan Franrlsro.... Pscilaod. -Oregon "peculiar contour. Is tha precipitation excessive.-' "Western' Oregon's average rainfall la materially less than -that at Portland, 41.8 inches, while the average for the state la a surprise to tha world. Mountains Divide the State. The Cascade' !n n ge of mountains Is tha dividing line between contraattng climates. West of this range tha tem perature Is mild and the year hss two seasons the wet and the dry. To the aast Of this dividing line tha tempera lures have a wider range, the rainfall Is lighter, and the customary seasons Uppef Fipirea Over Each Placa Civa . '. ' ,V - - ::i Vt If f A evltablo riaa In tha prlca of land and dairying is "being resorted to. The grain Industry has exhausted fertility In many .parts- of the Willamette valley, but tha richness of the soil la being restored where the land has been turned lrtta meadow. VThe retreat of tha forest under Vx and lira la being closely pressed ' by - cud-chawing grass ma chines, who convert tha perpetual green Into cream checks. Eastern farmers who coma to this country are amased to observe Its op portunities In a dairy way and to aea at what a low coat this dalary land may be purchased. It Is a fact that Improved dairy farms may still be bought? at from $20, $40 and ISO per at re, farms that In blisxard-rldden Mln nesotaould selljaally-jfor llOOan acre. .. " The Income from a dairy farm- Is aa regular as a salary from a corporation. No branch of farming can compete with it in regularity or certainty. The cream, tha most valuable part of the dairy product, when sold for butter-making, brings a monthly return In'-the form of a check. ' Frequently this check Is $100, $150, 1100 and eveji $300 per month from farms of comparatively small acreage. Then there la the-Income from pork, veal and poultry, the dairy's profit able . by-products, grown- from skim of spring, summer, autumn and winter are experienced. . ; - In-tha coast "counties near sea level the temperature .has never gona below 10 degrees above aero, nor haa it ever reached the 100 degree mark. Tha rain fall of this section, like that In all other portions of the state. Increases with elevation and decreases from north to south. Along the immediate coast it Js between 70 and 80 Inches, and In the mountains it exceeds 100 inches. In tha Willamette valley' tha mean temperature, is 62 degreea. And tha rain fall ranges from 47 Inches In the north" to $7 Inches In the south. A record, of the weather has been kept In Portland for over 10 years, - during which time tha mean temperature was 61 degrees and the annual rainfall it Inches. ' Along the -west slope of tha Cascade mountains tha rainfall . Increases to about 76 inches at an elevation of 1,600 feet, and to 18 Inches at I.00- feet, while to the south of the Willamette valley it decreases to about 10 Inches on tha hills and to 10 Inches or leas In tha valleys. This latter section has a higher altitude than tha Willamette valley, and - accordingly It experiences greater extremes in temperature, not withstanding Its more southern lati tude. East of the Cascade mountains the rainfall la light, although-many favored sections receive enough to make the land fertile, and large crops of wheat. the "Mean Temperature and tha Lowe.! milk, which Irretktned on tha farm for feeding purposes.. ' One creamery Jn'Portland alone pays out an average of $40,000 a month In cream checks to dairy farm era Tha market conditions her are more favor able for dairying than In anjr other part of tha United States. It is a fact that fancy butter on " the1 Portland market brings higher prices than In any other city of its slse or larger In tha country. This - is , due mainly to the policy of Portland's big creamery of encouraging the dairymen. - (This big creamery la operated on the copartnership plan. , It buys cream from the dairy farmer iti the basis of the selling prlca of Its hutter, so that the farmer gets the full benefit of the prlca obtained bjr the creamery for . Its best product. The dlf feretice In price be tween tha butter and tha cream fat Is Always just lVi cents per pound, and whether tha market rlaes or falls the farmer geta tha full benefit of tha butter price less this difference; This Is an Incentive for him to pro duce cream - of the finest quality,- as cream which Is not good enough to use for the best butter Is -rejected from the high grade and he Is paid for It on the basis of an ordinary butter price. Tha stimulus of a favorable market haa resulted In breeding high-grade dairy cattle. Two breeds are especially favored by Oregon farmers tha Jer seys and tha Holstelns. Jersey and Hoi stela cattle, bred and owned In the Pa cific northwest are second to none on earth aa producers of milk. In compe tltloir with cattle bred elsewhars they have carried away equal and frequently superior- honors. As California ia to fruit, ao Oregon and Washington seem to be to animal life," tha most robust, largest and finest-developed types being A r The" Dalryman'g Friend" barley, oats, hay, vegetables and fruit are raised. .Where-the. rainfall is In sufficient for raising crops, bunch grass grows to perfection and .the land is used for erasing purposes. The most arid sections annually receive about eight Inches of rain, while on tha beat wheat lands the yearly supply is from 20 to 15 inches. The rainfall In east-K em Oregon Is everywhere heaviest dur ing May and June, -which safeguards spring crops by Insuring their germina tion "and the forming of deep-seated roots that are later on enabled to draw moisture from . tha . perennial - supply stored In. tha undersoil. " , Tha temperatures eaat of the Cascade mountalna vary with elevation, being aa a rule high during bright summer days, but alwaya cool r-at night. In winter aero weather- ia not uncommon, but cool spells are generally of ahort duration owing to the prevalence of "Chinook" winds, which descend the slopes of tha mountains and warm .the air in tha valleys below. Winds of this character are so common that the mean winter temperature of eastern Oregon is raised about 6 degreea above what -it should be in the latitudes affected. . West of tha Cascade mountains thunderstorms rarely occur, and hever Flgurea tha Annual Rainfall 4 .V 5 i I have they been knows to causa loss of Ufa or noteworthy destruction of prop erty. In eastern Oregon most of tba summer rains are attended by thundet and lightning, but as theae rains are u anally light and infrequent thunder storms are not of common occurrence. December, 1904 The mean tempera ture for .the state was 17.1 degreea The highest was 63 degrees, at Klamath Falls and at Williams, and the lowest degrses, at Burns. The average pre cipitation was 7.16 Inches, or 0.11 of an Inch above normal. - . January Temperature: Monthly mean (all dlstrlote). 10-1. degreea; highest mean, 48.1 degrees, at Gold- Beach. Curry county; lowest. $4.1 degrees, at Pine, Baker county. The maximum tem perature waa it degrees, a Willlama, Josephine county; minimum, 10 degrees below sero. at Pine, Baker ' county. Precipitation,: V Monthly average (all districts), 1.96 Inches; greatest month ly. 11.87 Inches, at Gold Beach, Curry county: least, 0.18 of an Inch, at Jo seph, Wallowa county..., --. February Temperature: ' Monthly mean (all districts), 17.4 degrees; high est mean. 49.6 degreea, at Fairview, Coos. county; lowest, 22.1 degrees, at Beulah, Malheur "county... The maxi mum temperature ' was id degrees, at Fairview. Coos county; minimum. 17 de grees below sero, at Pine, Baker county. Precipitation: ' Monthly average- (all districts). 2.07 Inches; greatest month ly, 7.17 inches, at Nehalem, Tillamook countyt least, 0.11 of sn Inch, at Bla lock, Gilliam county, and at Hunting ton, Baker county. March Temperature: Monthly mean (all districts).. 47.2 degrees; highest mean, 62.6 degrees, at Marshfleld, Coos county: lowest, 39.$ degrees, at Silver Lake. Lake county. The maximum tem perature was 8 degrees, at Marshfleld, Coos county; minimum. 1 degrees, at Silver Lake. "Lakei county. Precipita tion: Monthly "average- (air districts), 6.08 f inches:- greatest monthly, 13.63 Inches,- at Falls . City, Polk county; least, -0.06 of an Inch, at Orass Valley. April Temperature:- Monthly mean (til districts). - 61.0 . degrees; hlgheat mean, 68 degrees, at Blnlock, Gilliam county;, lowest, 44.6. degrees, at Joseph, Wallowa county. The maximum tem perature was 10 . degrees... at Umatilla,- -malum county: minimum, i degrees, it Bend, Crook county, and at River side. Malheur county. . Precipitation:' Monthly . average (all districts), 1.1 J tncbea; Heatest monthly, 3.19 Inches, at Bull- Run. Clackamss connty: least. 0.03 of an Inch, at Grass Valley, finer' man" county. i VUy Temperature: Monthly mean for tha state. 6S.0; highest mejv43. 1 degreea, at Blalock,. .jQllllam county; lowest, 48.1 degrees, at Joseph, .'Wal lowa "county 'The maximum tempera ture waa 92 degrees, at Grants I'nss, Josephine county, Blalock, Gilliam county, and John Day, Grant county; the minimum was 19 degrees at River- :i M It1 1m J Twcntv an eletrantly 5c fare ; water mains through tract, streets graded ; smallest lot . To visit iMrldnd take Mt. M09T. A, A1XOm. , Offloa Ttrland Statloa.' GEO. 'V, A Contented Herd. perfected in these states. An Oregon Jersey belonging to tha W. 8. Ladd es tate won tha world's' -championship at tha St. Louis fair, and at tha Portland exposition cattle from other states, ex cept one Holsteln herd from Riverside, California, were absolutely - outclassed by tha native herds. A great deal of educational .work is being dona by dairy papers, making it clear to farmers that tha profits from dairying are greatest when productive cattle are milked. , A cow. for instance, which yields only 100 or 160 pounds of butter fat a year costs Just about much to feed and milk as does a cow which ylelda $00 or 400 pounds a year. Tha " dairymen of tha Oregon country have set the 100-pounds-a-year mark as standard, and cattle which cannot pro duce to keep in this class are gradually being weeded out of tha herds. " While cream for butter-making pur posesNs the chlef dairy product, be cause the moat profitable, it is by-no weans tha sola product.. The northwest Is dotted with cheese factories and there are several large condensed-milk plant a Then, too, located near the cities and towns are dailies which supply fresh milk dally to tha Inhabitants. Tha Introduction of tha mechanical side.' Malheur county. Precipitation: Monthly average for tha state, 1.47 inches. The greatest monthly precipi tation was 8.69 Inches, at Nehalem, Tillamook county; least. 0.63 of an inch, at Burns,; Harney county, : ' June Temperature: Monthly mean for the state, 69.4; highest mean, 71.1 de grees, at Blalock, Gilliam county; lowest 64.3 degreea. at Joseph, Wallowa coun ty. The maximum temperature was eat monthly waa precipitation was 8.74 96 degrees, at Blalock. Gilliam county, and at Umatilla, Umatilla county, mini mum 11 degrees, at Silver Laks, Lake county. Precipitation: - Monthly aver age for the state, 1.81 Inches; the great est monthly precipitation , was 3.74 inches, at Government Camp, Clackamas county; least, 0.11 of an inch, at Buck horn Farm, Josephine county. . July Temperature: Monthly mean for tha state, 68. degrees; highest mean, 81.5 degrees, at Blalock, Gilliam county; lowest, 67.4 degrees, at Newport, Lincoln county- , Tba maximum tem perature was HI degrees, at Umatilla Umatilla county; minimum' 10 degrees, at Bend, Crook county, and Silver Lake, Lake county. Precipitation: Monthly average for Hie state, 0:1 of an Inch. The greatest monthly precipitation waa 0.S6 of an inch, at Newport,. Lincoln county; least, none, at a number of sta tions. August Temperature: Monthly for tha state, 61.1 degreea; highest mean. 71.7 degrees, at Blalock, Gilliam county; lowest. 67.8 degrees, at Newport, Lin O SPICES, o , C0FFEE,TEAa DAIflNO POWDER, Fu:on:;.OEXTnACTS JUtwIuh Pvfhf, CU)SSET6DlvYERS TPORTLAND OREQOMa 7 15EGIN THE YEAR DEVmSGOLDM m stallments minutes from citv on the Mt. Scott railway, eauioned electric line. 15-minute service. Scott car, I-irst and Alder streets. W. BROWN . v BOJ TalMnir Bids', V Third aaWaaMnrtom s ' 1 .- ; 4 cream separator haa been ' A factor in revolutionising dairying. By its us on v tha farm, tba cream Is mechanically sep arated from the skim milk while still warm and fresh, and can be cooled un der sanitary conditions so It will keep sweet for a much'longer time than waa ' : possible under , the old-faahloned method of skimming from pans, with-all Its at tendant risk caused by exposure. These. . , separators are shipped into Oregon in - carload lota, and are chiefly sold by. the creamery companies which purchaae tha -cream products. - --A l As a class, Oregon dairymen are ex- ceeaingiy progressiva. l ia n mora progressiva farmers who take to dairy- Ing. ; Up-to-date - methods are . being ' adopted everywhere, and are reflected In tba better quality of tha products. It la a fact, that butter and other cream- products manufactured elsewhere can- . not compete against tha home product"' at anywhere near tha same price. It is also true that eastern visitors in Port- 4 land this year were as much surprised -by. the superior quality of dairy prod' ucts in this section as by the finer fruits and vegetables. ' ' A rapid, robust growth with Incraas-. Ing ' prosperity may confidently . ba ex pected for the dairy Industry in this favored region. . . coln county. . Tba maximum tempera ture waa 111 degreea,' at Heulah, Mal heur county; 'minimum, 14 degrees, at Beulah,' Malheur county. . Precipitation: " Monthly- anera ge for tha state, 0.1$ of an Inch, or 0.31 of an inch below tha normal. The. greatest monthly precipi tation was 1.91 Inches at Nehalem, Tll-j lamook county; least, none, at a number of stations. . . . . ' September Temperature: Monthly mean for the state, 80 degrees; highest mean. 70 degrees, at Blalock, Gilliam county; lowast,-60.$ degrees, at Sliver Lake, Lake county. Tha maximum tem pera tu" re was 91 degrees, at John Day, Grant county; Ls Grande. Union coun- ' ty, and at McKensie Bridge, Lane coun ty; minimum, 20 degrees, at Silver Lake, Lake county. Precipitation: Monthly average for the state, 1.11 inches. Tha greatest monthly precipitation was 9.79 -Inches at Glenora, Tillamook county: least 0.0 of an Inch at Van, Harney county. Octobar Temperature: Monthly mean for tha state, 43 degreea; hlgheat -mean-, 64.1 degrees, at Fairview, Coos county; lowest, 18.1 degrees, at Silver Lako, Lake county. Tha maximum tern- , perature waa 91 degrees, at Klamath -Falls, Klamath county; minimum, 9 de grees, at Silver Lake. ; Lake county. Precipitation: Monthly average for tha state. 1.71 Inches. Tha greatest month ly precipitation was 11.(6 Inches, st Glenora, Tillamook county; least, none at .Huntington, Baker county, and at Vale, Malheur county. . Pints Flavor, RIGHT BY USING WEST Is the beautiful Portland suburb you hear I and read so much about, ' where lots are 'soldvfor $120 ($3 tlown and $3 a month) and homes are built and sold on monthly in below rent rates, - 60x100 feet. ' ' I -we -- '-n.J'"" ' ' '