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About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 25, 1904)
THE OREGON JfrJJNDAY JOURNAL', PORTLAND. SUNPAY MORNlttoV DECEBBS M$, itOL n p ii AGRICULTURE IN OREGON One third of the population interested in farming. Every advantage offered the newcomer. Opportunities for diveisity of production. Many seres of government land still open. v Soil of Oregon richest in the country. Bumper crops for more than thirty years. THIS ar!y settlement of Oregon . was along agricultural lines. Farming stUl remains the great est Industry of the-State. Each . year witnesses Its greater development, , for the country la so rloh and extensive that agriculturally It Is practically un . limited. About one third of the popula- tkm of Oregon Is engaged In some form t of farmlns. This number Is being con stantly Increased by newcomers farm ers from the eeat and Immigrants from foreign countries. They are coming to seek their fortunes In a country won derfully rich, and none find disappoint ment If they are eneraetlc and willing to grasp the opportunities within their reach. While farming In Oregon la considera bly different from that In older com munities, there Is no reason why the tenderfoot should not be able to make the beet of the opportunities offered him. The methods of farming In west ern Oregon are different from those fol lowed In the eastern part of the state, therefore conditions change In almost every section. This might lead to con fusion and the newcomer would be har raaaed. The State, however, has wisely made provisions to give the newcomers every benefit of the country. The State Agricultural college St Corvsllls has been established for this purpose. It I has a corps of It teachers snd lnvestl . gat ore, who. have studied every condition that may arise. Leaflets, bulletins and circulars are prepared to meet every known condition that may, confront a farmer in Oregon. These snd all the facilities of the college and experimental atatlona are for the use of the farmers and they ass all free to residents of the state. In addition to this the college supplies, when necessary, letters of special Information, therefore no agricul turist need never be confronted with a problem to which ha cannot pbtaln an answer. On account of the saasnna, soil, vari ety of products, disease, pests snd many features of farming differing from those in the east, the methods of Oregon st u rally differ from those in other sec tions of the country, except the general methods of the Pacific northwest. Bach condition possibly needs sew treatment and it offers more advantages. No state tike Oregon can offer the same opportun lUes for diversity of production or spe cialisation of endeavor. Combinations innumerable are offered, so the farmer can receive from hie efforts mors profit than osa be realised In any other section in the United States. The movement of homeseekers to the Pacifio northwest thla year has been the greatest within its history- Oregon naa received many thousands of new settlers, mostly from the east. Despite the large number of newcomers there are still nearly 10.000.000 acres of unappropri ated government land wnicn can oe so- cured for a trine. Agricultural land may be secured from the government under the homestead act, which gives to every settler l0 seres. requiring no payment, except (IS in lees. For a period or rive yearn actual residence upon the lend le necessary. during which time certain Improvements must be made and cultivation cameo on. the purpose being to require the home steader to show that he la In good faith. Within two years sfter the expiration of the flve years, he mey "prove up" and secure a patent to the land from the government. If desired, final proof can be made after fourteen montns residence, provided that he pay 11.11 sn acre, if hie land is outside the limits of a railroad grant. Snd fl.10 par acre If within such grants. Desert land may be secured under the desert land act not mors than 120 acres being allowed to any one person, the ap plicant making an affidavit that with out irrigation, the land would not pro duce remunerative crope, and that he haa provided a water supply sufficient to make the land productive. The affi davit must be accompanied by that of a witness setting forth the ssme facts, and, upon being approved, a fee of 25 cents per acre must be paid, when the purchaser can proceed with reclamation. Annual reports must be mads for three years., shewing that he haa made im provements to the cost of fl per acre each year. Whan the It per acre have been expended, and one eighth of the land has been reclaimed and under cul tivation, by paying an additional tl per scrs ha may secure a pstent from the government If the lend is within the limit of s railroad grant, the price la 12.50 per acre. There are over 1(0,000 acree of state lend in Oregon, consisting of the six teenth snd thirty-sixth sections in each township, commonly called school sec tions. These lands are sold for IX. SO per acre, no residence or cultivation being required, end. If desired, the pur chase price can be paid In five annual installments, the deferred psyments drawing 8, 7 and t per cent respectively. At the time of making the first payment the purchaser receives a certificate of sale, assignable by writing the transfer, duly acknowledged, upon the back of the Instrument Any assignee of the Certificate may eecurs a deed by return ing the certificate and paying what Is due. Land other than government or state can be secured In Oregon aa In other sections of the United Stetes. The price le governed by the quality of the eon. location and Improvements. It runs from a few dellsra to ISO and (40 an sere snd higher, but a farmer today can secure a farm In Oregon for less money than he would have to pay In any other section and from the Oregon farm he would receive more than he would elsewhere. The soil oft Oregon la of volcanic ori gin, being disintegrated lava. Once the whole section was evidently forbidden ground for agricultural, but after cen turlea the wear end tear of the elements, glacial actions and other causes has dis integrated and ground the former; beds of lava Into the finest and 'richest soil. Throughout the. country are fertile val leys and plateaus, whose soil possesses unlimited possibilities. Each year's de velopment strengthens the belief that the soli is Inexhaustible. In the val leys the soli Is of s loam rich and dark, having a eub-soll of clay. In the wheat sections of esstern Oregon the soil Is of a clay loam, easy to work and mak ing a fine seed bed. So great le the capacity of the soil for moisture that nearly all of the rainfall penetratee Im mediately Into It The sub-soil being thoroughly saturated retains the mois ture, which la utilised by the crope during the eprlng and early summer. These conditions make It possible to grow enormous grain crope and has es tablished the fact that the ground le' Inexhaustible. It is a recorded fact that one farmer near Waitaburg haa cultivated his farm continuously for 40 years and has never reaped leas than 16 bushels of wheat to the acre, while in ltOI land that he broke in 11(1 yielded him 81 bushels of wheat to the acre, fields that have been cropped for to years and more continue to produce wheat in the east and middle weat are considered bumper crops. OREGON'S WHEAT CROP. Yield of la the Country. Orsln growing In Oregon, especially in the valley of the Columbia river, le astonishing the world This year the crop has been so enormous that Oregon Is supplying the globe. Considerable wheat is raised in the Willamette val ley, but ss it Is becoming more densely populated the land Is more valuable for diversified farming, therefore grain growing each year la being more con fined to that part of the state which forms a big section of the Inland Em pire. This pert of Oregon has' taken first rank as the greatest grain producer In the country. The reports of the depart ment of agriculture for 1001 show that the entire wheat yield of the country was 14.4 bushels per sera, while the yield for Oregon and other sections of ths Inland Empire was Ji.l bushels per sore. ' When ths figures for 1004 srs compiled it will show that Oregon waa a larger producer than ever before re corded. Not only la the yield of Oregon wheat greater per acre, but the grain la much heavier than found In any other part of the United Statea. It Is frequently Impossible to find any Oregon wheat light enough to class aa No. 1, which weighs about 58 pounds to the bushel. Wheat growers in other parte of the country consider themselves very for tunate If they get their grain classed as No. 1. Oregon wheat under ordinary conditions averages from (t to 65 pounds to the bushel. Slothing Uks a Tailors. There la nowhere on record anything like a failure of the crop In Oregon, but on the contrary there are records where one farmer In Umatilla oounty haa never in 82 years had a yield of lees than 40 bushels per acre, and several times in that period it ran up to 65 bushels. various varieties of wheat are raised and the planting is largely governed by the rainfall. Where the rainfall la 10 inches or more Little Club is mostly used, and where the rainfall la from II to 10 Inches Red Chaff seems to be the beet suited In sections where the rain fall Is lees than II inches several va rieties are planted, including Grant. Red Russian. . ConsiUsn Hybrid, Genesee and Bonora. drain ia sown In the fall, about ths time the rainy season begins, and ma tures and ripens in the early spring when the rainfall decreasee. When the rainfall Is 10 Inches s yield of 40 buahels to the sere is s matter of common rec ord, while frequently 10, (0 and even TO bushels have been harvested. Spring whest under favorable conditions yields from 20 to 20 bushels per acre. Fortunes la raw Tears. Whest In the psat few years has made the fortunes of s number of Oregon farmers and this year has seen them In crease their wealth materially. Uma tilla county, it la estimated; raised 4,100,000 bushels Of wheat in 1004, the net profit of which was 21.800,000, which was divided beteen 1,000 farmers, or an average of 118.000 each. Of course, some made conelderably more. Nine years Sato John Huddeman came to Umatilla, county as a German emigrant, ith nothing but the strong will, untiring Harvesting Oregon's Whest Crop. BSSSkev t .SBBBBSSSr taW V-wBBBr-Bggga WBBXSBSSk a mm energy, a large family and a carpet bag. A few weeks ago he started on a visit to Germany and carried with him 110, 000, his profit In wheat Huddeman never owned an acre of . ground, but made his wealth by raising wheat on ground which he leased from the Indians of the Umatilla reservation. Were it not for many similar cases Huddeman's fortune might be cited aa an exceptional one, but in Umatilla county alone there are hundreds of farmers who have prospered aa he haa, and in other counties there are hundreds of others. Henry Koepko in the hard times of 1891 lost everything he owned except a stout heart Today he la worth 1160,000, has a magnificent winter home In Los Angeles, CsX, snd has toured Germany. He made his wealth from Inland Empire wheat Lewis Hoe be Ice made 116.000 in four years on land he leesed and J. W. Crow this year cleared 826,000 on wheat he planted in lands leased from the Indians. Prosperity has reigned throughout the wheat country of Oregon. So far thla year over 201 mortgages have been paid off and recorded in Umatilla county. Nearly every farm in the county is clear of debt. Instead of the farmers now begging the banks for loans, as waa the case 10 or 12 years ago. the farmers arc now In a position to loan the banks money. Cost of Slstsr Wheat, The cost of raising wheat in Oregon is much leas than in the east or other sections of the United States. In the wheat belt of North Dakota the cost of raising a heavy crop, a bumper aa it Is railed, one that averages 21 bushels to the sere. Is 17.10 sn sere, while the cost in Oregon ranges from II to 17. Aside from the differences in cost the smounts received from an acre of Ore gon wheat cuts a large figure. ' In Da kota a tl-bushel crop at 10 cento a bushel means a profit of 111.10 an acre for the Dakota farmer. Thia la small when compared with the experience of John Tlmraerman of Oregon thla year. He harvested a crop of 20,000 bushels thla year from two sections snd cleared 40 cents a bushel, making 112,000 for his year's work. The yield of wheat in the Inland Empire, which embraces parta of Oregon, Idaho and Washington, this year is esti mates -at 10,000.000 buahels. Of this amount Oregon produced something like 16,000,000 bushels. The yield In Uma tilla county alone Is remarkable in 1901 the crop of the county figured s total et 1.760.000 bushels, while this year It will reach easily 4,600,000 bushels. A Crop of 15,000,000 Bushels. What haa happened In Umatilla county Is really a etgn board of the whole state. The United States government esti mated that the 704,000 acres of wheat land in Oregon would produce 11.970,000 bushels or about 600,000 more than In 1901. This Itself would have been an enormous gain and netted the farmers something like 111,000.000. The crop, however, has proved to be s bumper and 16,000.000 bushels, now that the grain has been hsrvested, Is regarded by many as a conservative figure. The only place In the etate where there was a shortage was in some parts of the Willamette valley and this wss due to s shortage in rain, a thing never before known In this section. Thla yesr in wheat has been the most prosperous the Oregon farmers hsve ever known. The average price received waa 87 cents a bushel, therefore the crop to them Is worth something like 812,000,000. EH mem ssk';i) Oregon Hop Fields Arc Profitable. Harvesting s big crop like the one this year Is s revelation. A large com bined harvester and thresher drawn by 20 to 10 horses is used This machine heads, threshes, cleans snd sacks the grain as it goes through the field Ev ery operation except tying ths sacks Is done automatically, and when six sacks are filled and tied the machine drops them off In a pile to wait for the wagon to corns and carry the golden grain to the train to be shipped to supply the world, Oats AM Profitable, oats are grown to a considerable ax tent in the Oregon section of the In land Empire. The oats raised are mostly for local consumption, bat some farm ore have gone Into raising them on a large scale and have found It profitable. The main oat country of Washington and Oregon, however, la further west and the Grand Hondo valleys furnish many bushels. . The national government estimated that for 1904 the 282,000 acrea of Oregon planted In oate would produce (.614,000 bushels with a net value of 12.670.710 The crop In the Willamette valley this year was light, but the esstern part of the state made up for sny shortage, both in Increased acreage and a greater yield Although growers declare Oregon is unexcelled for barley, very few farmers plant It as they consider they can get better results from wheat This year s crop of barley from 81,701 acres is eati roated at 2.(48,472 buahels, or about 41 bushela to the sere. The revenue from this is figured at 1921,911. Rye la the smallest of Oregon's cereal crop. This year the 11,247 acrea yielded 169,707 bushela valued at 110,758. STOCK RAISING. Every natural condition for success ful stock raising exists In Oregon. It Is on this account that Oregon bred and Oregon raised cattle command the call In all stock yards. This branch of farm ing has made rapid strides la the past few years and is continuing to make them. So greatly has it Increased and so Important hss it become that during the present year the National Livestock association held its annual convention In Portland. There were thousands of del egates present from all parte of the country. Many of them made tours and Inspection trips throegh ths cattle section of the state and each waa unan imous In declaring that for climate snd nstural conditions Oregon Is unsurpassed by say state In the union. In western Oregon, on account of It being the first part of ths state set tled. It Is so densely populsted that at presest no open ranges are found. In eastern Oregon, however, there are mil lions of acrea of fertile and virtually open range, which annually turn off thousands of self-raised cattle. In ad dition to these there are many farm-fed cattle. A few years ago ths big range was largely depended upon. Alfalfa haa now been Introduced and the pas turage of stubble fields hss more than doubled the capacity of the country rel ative to the support of animal life. Stubblsfteld a Fine Pasture. This method of feeding has worked some wonders. Stockmen deelsre that the etubbleflelda furnish a pasturage with a very high nutritive content the flesh of such animals being firm, tender and of excellent flavor. This method of feeding and Its success -has Induced many farmers to provide themselves also with sheep snd hogs to run ia the stub bleflelds. and hss returned more snd easier money than any crop they can raise. With the progress In cattle raising more attention each year Is being paid to the raising' of blooded stock Better grades of cattle, sheep, horses snd hogs sre being Imported At the International Livestock Exposition In Chicago In 1901 Oregon captured first prise for Short horn bulls snd this year at St. Louis captured another first prise for thor oughbred stock. According to the estimates of live stock agents of the railroads there are In Oregon at preeeht about 700.SOO cat tle, valued M more than 114.000.000. Added to this there are 2.600,000 sheep, worth something like 85.000.ouO; 200,000 hogs, valued at 11,000,009, and 100.000 horses of the value of 11.000.000 making the totsh stork Interests of the ststs 129.000.000 or more. Each yesr sees s reduction In the open range of the country and this Is strengthening the tendency to grow hay for feed snd mature the cattle on homo feeding ground. It Is estimated that the product from one acre of alfalfa Is worth' for maturing purpose 109 scree of range. With; the Increase In irrigation facilities alfalfa Is being grown on s larger seals. These irrigated -fj Sssssf Tr-J fields will be planted with crops and token out of the range. The stockmen will then fall back on the Interior bunch grass county and uee alfalfa land for fattening. There alwaya will be a large area of Oregon which will never be of use for sny purpose other than range and it will always provide a feeding ground for young stock. Owing to this' one feature Oregon will never lose her lead on the cattle Industry. keep Bailing; Profitable. Aa a sheep producing state Oregon stands in the flrat rank Many million of dollars srs invested in this Industry and the returns sre very lsrge. Summer feeding grounds for the sheep are found in the Cascade and Blue mountains. While the protected bunchgrass In the foothills and the ajfalfa ranches along the streama provide spring and fall gracing and suoh winter feed aa Is re quired. Ths early and warm spring ia a great boon to the lambs and they average more than 90 per cant saved. The present year haa been one of the greatest In the sheep industry In Ore gon. Thla is the reason for the large reduction In the number of sheep en the range at present when compared with the number a year ago. The railroad officinale unite in ssylng that never before have they experienced such a heavy movement of sheep as they have during 1904. The wool from Oregon sheep approxi mates 20,000,000 pounds a year snd It finds a ready market. One mill in the eaat each yesr buys 3.000.000 pounds st a fancy price. Oregon wool has one advantage over that of other localities and cpmea nearer to being of the aame quality as Australian than that clipped in any other place In the world. On ac count of the even climate the .wool la very seldom found to have knota or lumps In It as Is the case where there are quick changes from heat to cold and cold to heat. Last year Oregon wool sold for something like II cents a pound, while this year considerably more will be realised; wool which In the past sold for II cento now brings from 18 to 20 cento a pound. On the sheep ranches of eastern and southeastern Oregon the Merino varie ties are universally used. Many for tunes have been and are being made. Men starting as hands on monthly pay of 94 and found faithful, have been trusted with bands of sheep on shares. Bo in a few years they have got together bands of their own numbered by the thousand. Best Breeds of Basse. In western Oregon there are tew sheep ranches properly so called. Most sheep are kept in flocks of from 10 te 200 head by men who know the value of thla stock but sre engaged In other in dustries on the farm. To the question of the best breeds to be kept sad why, various and widely different replies have Deen returned, by common consent the Merlnoe sre ex cluded, and the decision is to he made between the long-wooled Cotswolds, Lln colns. and Lelcestera, and the close wooled Shropshire and Oxford Downs The 110-acre farmer Is recommended to keep from 21 to 60 sheep, graduat ing his number to the acres of rough wmm3&i wV ' . "sal Wk JrB pasture he hss snd to tbs number of cattle on the farm. Some of ths best yields of fall-sown wheat was erased down close by the farmer's sheep in the early spring until the field looked abso lutely bare. Shearers can be had at from f to 7 cents a head. Several shearing machines were last rear brought into ths valley, decreasing the cost under this hesd Angora Croats Profitable. The breeding and raising of Angora goata baa proved a profitable enterprise In Oregon. A ready market la found for the mohair, experts declaring that the Oregon fibre is longer and of a better quality than that secured from goets bred and ralaed elsewhere. Good aver, age nannies can be bought at from It to II each. Bucka at from 116 to 1100 The owner of a 110'acre farm, with (0 acres'" of rough land to be cleared off can safely use from II to 10 goats. The owner of 1.100 acres, of which half Is rough land, can properly put any number up to 600 head on his 100 acres. Any perpendicular fence not less than 1H feet high will hold them in. The smaller the pastures trie more goata can be kept. Ooato and sheep, or goats and cattle can run together on the same range. A mixed band of goats will av erage 3H to 4 pounds of mohair 'per head. Prices hsve ranged from 10 to 40 rents a pound for the past four years. The Increase from well cared for goata should hot be less than 100 per cent. The kids should bo kept th s small enclosure for the first two or three weeks of thetr life; to which their mothers ran return for the night. After that they can go with their mothers. Sags to Oregon. . "Always money in hogs," Is the an swer one gets to a question as to ths Industry here. The hog Is sverywhere in Oregon, from 'the great wheat fields of eastern 1 Oregon to the little' home steads of the coast counties. The growth of clover and other forage plants and the wide-spreading of the dairy Industry contribute to Its value It Is a surprise to some eastern visitors to see hogs grow to a 250-pound weight at It months old running on clover fields with one good feed a day of separated milk from the dairy, and one month's mill or grain feeding before killing- ne of the finest droves of Berkshires. 140 In number, was kept snd fattened on a Polk county farm op II acres of artichokes, which grow here to perfection. The market value of the hog. Is steady, snd buyers sre very readily found. Into the vexed question of breeds there Is not space to enter. All do well. Oregon horses rank superior through out the ' country for draught, BP SOS and endurance. Those qualities era ths result of skin in breeding, favored by natural conditions of Oregon, which are such ss to produce animals wtth large lung capacity and strong, clean. . sound limbs. The early horses of Oregon were animals of great endurance They had to be to withstand the strain of sis long months across the Great American Des ert. Many fell on these trlpa, but thoae that aurvtved were the onea bleased with sn almost unlimited endurance This essential quality is still found In tbs Oregon bred horae and they are worthy descendants of thetr ancestors who tolled from the eaat East of the Cascsdes every condition favorable fir the breeding of light har ness and Speed horses Is found The climate and vegetation la unexcelled. It was In this part of the stats that ths celebrated snd Invincible Foster wss prepared for his great four-mile race. Other horses almost ss well known were bred snd reared In this section 'and each of them was marked for endurance, strength of limb snd the best of fset The heavy draft horse finds an Ideal home in the western part of the etate. The luxuriant vegetation provides a feed which enables s colt to attain great weight at an early age. Despite the great number of horses ralaed In the state the demand exceeda the supply. Prices are alao very favorable and a team of draft horses frequently sells for from 1400 to 1100. HOPS FOR THE NATION. of the Country's Crop. Oregon leada the union in the produc tion of hops In 1901 the state pro duced 15,760.000 pounds, which sold for 11,9(0,000, and gave the growers a net profit of 11.778.000. This year both the crop and the revenuee from it have materially increased. The 1904 crop will reecb 11.000 bales of 200 pounds each, or 17,000,000 pounds. This year the average price received was 20 cents a pound, which means a total of 11,199, 000, and of thla amount it ia estimated the growers received a net profit of 12.910,000. . The year Just closing hss been the most remarkable in hop culture ia Ore gon. The state haa taken a firmer hold on its title ee the greatest producer snd the others era so far behind in the dim distance that they can scarcely be rec ognised. The total crop of the United States for 1904 Is estimated by the gov ernment to be 240,000 bales. Of this amount Oregon has produced 11,000 bales, or more than one third of the entire crop of the country. Hop culture la one of the most profit Dairying Interests Are Increasing. able and leeet expensive of the many opportunities in the agricultural line now open In Oregon. Land suitable for growing hope Is scattered throughout the state It ranges In price from 125 to 1100 sn sere, the average price being 141. It takes s very short time for a hop yard to come Into full bearing. If planted In the fail of owe year It will produce a small crop the next season and will be In full bearing the second season. The crops hsrvested are almost beyond comprehension, for a yield of 1,290 pounds sn sere Is a matter of com mon record. s In New York etate, where hops have been cultivated for years, the soil haa become so exhausted that considerable fertiliser haa to be used, while In Oregon very little If any Is employed. The climatic conditions of Oregon are exactly suited for hop culture. The winters sre not long, and this allow the plsnt an early' start In ths spring. The mild winters of western Oregon ere particu larly favorable, for there la bo danger of the frost killing the roots. SB frequently occurs in New York Oast xattle to Bales. Ths cost of raising hops In Oregon Is much less than In the asst. According to the best figures-obtainable the average cost in the eeat la 10 cents a pound, while the average In Oregon and at other places In the Pacific northwest la 7 cents. The profits of a crop eau easily be figured end en Idea ean be gained of the profit some Oregon growers reaped this year, particularly when It la understood that a number of them received ss high ss II cents a pound. 1 Marion county in the Willamette val ley, while one of the small eat counties tn the states la ths greatest hop producer. Lest year it furnished 1,710.111 pounds of hope, or nearly II per cent of the total crop of the United States.! It still ranks first as the greatest hop producer. Polk county also has .Mm.' large hop yards which bsvs a yield of between two end three million pounds a peer, while Lane oounty, which ad joiris Marlon, la 1901 produced 1.100. 000 pounds. Clackamas oounty. further north, produces annually nearly 2,000,000 pounds, snd nine other counties in. the state produce crops ranging from a few thousand pounds to a million pounds or more. DAIRYING IN OREGON. Oow the W Every condition desirable for success ful dairying Is to be found in Oregon snd In this one respect nature has been most liberal In Its gifts to the stole Ideal dairying conditions exist through out the western pert of Oregon and in the Willamette valley, which le now the center of the dairying Interests of the 'state: That Oregon With Ito dairy pro ducts has token first' rank It is on ly necessary to cite one feature, - A person cannot go Ihto any Important hotel on ths Pacific coast, and in fact In many hotele of the east, unless they find on the menu cards the words "Oregon Cheese." The product of the state has token rank with Roquefort snd other Imported grades. ,,1 This Is only ons part of the indus try but It shows the importance snd growth of the dairying Interests of the state Oregon butter has mad" a repu tation wherever found, and It Is now distributed to all parte of the Wasted btatea. It has so Increased In favor and the demand has become so great thet creameries ere experiencing diffi culty in meeting it. Dairying is one of the greatest opportunities now open in Oregon and any man with aufflclent money to buy a few cows can secure a neat monthly Income. Dairying la Willamette T alley. The Willamette valley Is especially sultsd for dairying Its climate In this respect surpasses any other eectlon of ths country. Cool summers and winters free from low temperature are the con ditions which sll dairymen know are necessary to the successful prosecution of the Industry. West of the Csscade mountains In the past few years there hsve been established more than 100 creameries snd cheese Tsctories. Each yesr new ones sre sddedend the demand for Oregon dairy products Is Increasing sn rapidly that before long every farmer will heve e creamery within a few miles of his home. Three years heve seen the dairying Interests In the Wlllsmette val ley Increase more than 100 per rent. In Oregon dairying is carried on along lines much different from thoae followed in other states and at a much leee cost. Many of the farmers own their own cream separators, which makes the de livery of the small bulk of pure cream simple and obttvSnlent. It also lesves ths skimmed milk at home, and the feed ing of this to the hogs hss worked n marvelous change. Aa an Illustration of ths growth of the business, farmers who a few yesr sgo would handle no enterprise less than a 110-acre farm, ars today msklng s handsome monthly profit from milking four to six rows. In western Oregon slong the coast, where grass flourishes from eight tn II months In the yesr, the problem of furnishing feed Is easily solved. In the Interior of the state where grass can only be depended upon to furnish the necessary feed for a dairy cow but (Continued on Following Page )