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About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 19, 1903)
t THE OTIEGON DAILY JOUKN'A'fi PORTLAND, SATURDAY EYElNCr, SEPTEMBER 10, 1003. 10 JUST KIDS BY r. S. ALLEN. A Visit to tho Richest, Gold Necessary Relations of Employe arid Employer for Mutual Benefit i Mine in the World .s9 FREDERICK J, ' , Spoelat Corrotpondont of Tho Journal By J. W. RICEwldfnt Atlanta Typo. Union Mo. 43 , I . , - , V .... i YT....I ' :iC 49 -v - Douglas Island, .Alaska, Sept 13. The largest fold Kiln In the world la one of the things which haa mada tha tame of Alaska. For many years the great Tread well haa paid Ha ownera Jiront or nearly $6,000 a day, and there a enough ore left to keep their monater : plant working day and night for prob ably 10 yara to come'. Tbe man who discovered .this extraordinary mineral deposit did not realise its value and old It for I43S. Almost every school 'boy has heard about the "glory hole" Of the Treadwell, but few of them know how it came to have that name. French fete was the discoverer of the mine which haa already produced enough bul lion to make 17,000,000 gold dollars. He wss a small merchant in Juneau and had a hard time to make both ends meet In the fall Of 1111 he received a shipment of goods to replenish his stock for the winter. The - freight chsrges amounted to 1415. Pete didn't have the money. A prospector by the name of Treadwell was panning along the beach, and Fete offered him the claim on Doug las island if he would redeem the goods, Treadwell paid the freight and the mine has been called by his name ever lnce, The property which changed hands by this deal contained the largest body of gold-bearing rock in the world at least the largest that anyone knows anything about, mere may be larger deposits. but they have not been discovered. The location of the ore la very favorable, being right at the water'a edge, where Steamers can tie up alongside the mills. A city block could be stood on end In the "glory hole." It is a monster pit where tho ore haa been lifted out In Chunks, like building rock is taken from a quarry. Men working In the bot tom of it look like flies crawling along. The thunder of the blasts, the clouds of smoke rising, the hollow voices of the men, all combine to make an effect so Uncanny thst it would not seem st all Surprising If his Santanlo Majesty, hoofs, horns and all, should bound out ?t the rock st your side, or come soari ng up through, the emoke from the epth. ; Douglas Island is 10 miles long and tght miles wide. Although the Tread well Is best known on account of the "glory bole" many people supposing thst to quarry is the only method of taking out the ore the fact Is that there are wef miles of tunnels under the ground. One of theee extends out Under the sea for nearly a quarter of a mile. No mules are used in the under ground passages, the motive power 'being steam. On the surface there are six miles of track which run to and from the buildings, as well as Inside of them, also slong the piers. Numer ous dummy englnee push and pull long strings or little care, making more fuss about it than as many moguls. It Is the prerogative of a rooster to crow when pression .'common with superintendents of mines, and "that you had to wait to minutes or a. half half before the official mouthpiece or the eamp could toe lo cated and brought to your assistance. The chsnces are five to one that your wratn wouia nave cooled in the mean time, and the force of your reproof with It. There Is nothing so effective, in the management of laboring . men as .the heart to heart talks of the boss at criti cal momenta, but this Interpreter busi ness, with its drawbacks, takes all the sauce out of the proceedings. That a what the boss says and he ought to know. Slavs and Scandinavians predominate among the nationalities employed In the mine. About the only expression In English they ever master la "all right" and they make It work overtime. No matter whether one of them Is. called a liar, or told that dinner is ready, In either caae his answer will be "all right.'' Their Inability to understand what Is said to them often gets the men into trouble. One day a new boes was superintending a big blast and as couple of workmen approached he told them, "don't go that way or you'll get your heads blowed off." One of them answered "all right," and tbe boss, sup posing from their answer that they understood English, made a break for cover. They had not understood htm at all, and walked right Into the blast, re ceiving the full force of It. There wasn't enough left of them to bold an Inquest ever, Working with powder is always dangerous Job, end it Is particularly so for these ignorant .foreigners. Ths principal blasttl sre made at noon and at ( o'clock. An elevator goes down In the shaft to the level where every thing Is resdy but the HgMlnr of the fuse, which is followed by the flight up ward to safety. Sometimes the men ,. n; : : "What profession art yeu going to follow whan you grow up! "I'm going tor be millionaire !f I kin find torn corretpondence sohool tar teaoh mo do business." ."2so here, Willie, If we goee on like dig folks Ml t'lmt we'e married. "Sure, an' tint dat Jest wot I want do hull wolld to. t'lnkr STRIKE STOPS BUSINESS COMPLETELY IN FOUR LARGE RUSSIAN CITIES BY EDMOJTD O'lTZIX., Professor of Chemistry, University of California, in San Franclaco Examiner. Constantinople, Aug. 12, 1803. The 1 southern portion of Russia witnessed during the month of July the most com plete strike that has taken place In complete their work before the elevator I modern times. The number engaged is due. In order to get to the surface waa not ao large nor was it very long and loaf a little while before the whlatle continued. The peculiarity of this atrlke blows, ther Hunt their fuses and climb waa ite absoluteness and completeness. the ladders that lead from one level to While 't lasted no work waa done by another. It takes lively scrambling to get out of hsrm's wsy before the giant charge explodes. ' One day three men touched off their fuses and ran for the ladders. Two of them mounted to safety, but the third one missed hi first step, and It rattled him so that he couldn't do thing. They shouted to him to hurry. but to save his life he couldn't make his feet stick to the rounds -of ths lad der. The blsst went off with a resound ing report snd about all they were able to And of the poor devil were the but tons of his breeches and the buckles from his suspendsrs. anybody in four large cities. There was an absolute oessatlon of bualneas on the part of every one. For days everybody, without exception, was .Idle. To de scribe how it came about a few words of explanation will be neoessary. The southern portion of Russia, situ ated about the Black and Casplsn seas, has developed greatly during the last 2i years. Much of it formerly belonged to Turkey and waa a waste, for where the Turk rules modern civilization can not exist. After the Ruaao-Turklsh war of 1 87 S Batoum and the 'surrounding territory was ceded to Russia Imme diately the work of development began. For centuries it had been known that Probably the moat remarkable accl dent that ever happened at the Tread- petroleum existed at Baku on the Cas well wss when a uweae leu oown a plan sea. shaft 2 feet dep. Into 10 feet of Natural gas had burned there for cen- water. without killing him. Whenever turies. The most ancient historians this story la told the hearef is naturally bad remarked on the wonders of the skeptical, but remarkable as It was, he I rglon where pitch and oil exuded from ever It feels so disposed, and ths engl-1 actually fell that distance and Is alive trie ground and flowed into the sea. aeer of a small locomotive thinks as and working in ths mine today. When Nothing was done toward developing It he fell he had a allcker coat and a until Russia granted a concession to pair of gum boots. Both STRIKE WITHOUT PARALLEL In four cities of Southern Rus sia with a collective population not far from 1,000,000 every form of labor was stopped by a strike In July. The merchants closed their stores in sympathy with the strikers and every kind of business wss suspended for a considerable period. Troops were called out and fired mercilessly into any sort of crowd that gathered on the streets, but they failed utterly to break the strike. The police ordered the merchants to open their stores and do business, but the order was disregarded. The object of the strike was in some degree industrial, but mainly it waa an assertion of popular rights enforced by public opinion on the principle of passive resistance. As such it was a remarkable suc cess, and the Russian government has used every effort to prevent publication of the facts. much of blowing its whistle as he does Of drawing his salary. The Treadwell runs 24 hours every Bay In the year except 'the Fourth of July and Chrlstmss. The roar of Its machinery can be heard a mile away. It takes 200 tons of coal every day to keep the many wheels moving. There are SHO massive crushers, called stsmps. each constating of five heavy, upright bars of steel, that are lifted up to fall with terrific force on flat, hard plates. came off. one of them being found at the 110-foot level, the other at the 120 landing. He maintained an upright po sition during the whole of his awful fall, and struck the water feet first. When the cage was sent down after him It was not with the intention of per- the oil field at Balakany wss flred and vufnr the flames could be brouaht under his boots the Nobel Brothers and Immediately the control 93 derricks snd three reservoirs work of development began. Now, after 26 years, there la a city. Baku, on the Caspian sea, containing more than 160.- 000 inhabitants. A modern railroad, 600 miles long, connects it with Batoum on the Black sea. Batoum Is the Bhlpping and distributing point for the oil that . ... in a--t rumAv I 'S proaucea ana rennea ai oau. n ia fn m aa n s 1 IT A wrn m sa akrna et nrr a city of about 40.000 inhabitants. It 1VI B 4Uimin4 -wavst save, aa v a muvvh i - . . A . . , xMnna Whn IsJcnn nut ha pomnlaJned eiuciriu nBni, Kirpuuiira, w of oil were burned. Some nlgbte later several reservoirs and many oil cars were burned at Mlkaelona, the tempor ary terminus of the pipe line. Attempts were maae xo ue up me railroad, but aa it is a state institution. menaced in a military manner, the at temot was unsuccessful. Many of the trains were abandoned and those that did run proceeded very slowly. The ?he rock passe, under these poinding of being chilly. An examination re- "dh! bars and is smsshed Into dust These riolsy, powerful machines consums about 4, S00 tons of rock dally. In order to keep the ore rolling Into their insatiable mouths, 1 1.4 00 worth of powder Is ex ploded in blasting every day. The amount of gold realised from every vealed the astounding fact that not bone was broken by the terrible plunge, but his nerves sustained a very severe shock. He was confined Ao the hospital for eight months, and did not do any heavy work for two years. In referring to his experience, he said, "I one big 24-hour run Is about 11,0.000, and the I rumper, expense of operating about 4,000. The ore la very low grade the lowest in the world to pay such profits. It only aver ages iz.66 per ton, but there is so much 4f It. and it la handled In such a whole Sale manner, with such economy, that It funs fast Into money. Few of the men who work In the Tresdwell are married. They get from $2 to $3.50 per day and their board and lodging. Many of them come direct from Europe to enter the employ of the company. The most of them save their money. They - spend very little. with trees, squares and large publlo parks. It hss numerous schools snd churches. A Flas Harbor. A port has been built at a cost of many millions, where the largest ships can lie in safety. It has stone quays and everything is built in a most sub stantial manner. Twenty-five years ago It was a miserable Turkish village, with tween Baku and Batoum, a distance of 600 miles. In many places the guards were Dlaced at dlatancee of too feet, and at important tunnels and bridges there were scores of soldiers. Crippled Train Isrrlcs. Althoua-h the freight trains were aban doned a few passenger tralna were kept running. Owing to fears or accident absolutely no Improvement of any kind, few passengers traveled, sometimes not The same thing is true of Baku, on more inn imu . y" th na.nliin aea. It waa formerly a the station it was impoaaiui- iv i Tartar village, and one can still see carriage or a porter to carry baggage, thai. iw h with th Khir. The same thing occurred at the docks. ort.rf.ilr rfnmea. and tha cemeteries Arriving passengers wsra oougea w On the afternoon I 'was taken through They cut thelr own halr- do thflr own where they have burled their dead for carry their own baggage to the hotels, e Dlant. a cleanun waa In oroa-reaa. washing, and. In fact, get along ao centuries. and it was a common sight to men A chunk of gold the siss of an ordinary -" brick was brought Into the office. The , scales showed that Its valuation was a few cents short of $20,000. There were seven more in the lot and their total valuo Was a little over $139,000. Not long ago nn excursion ship called at pouglas Island snd a swarm of tourists. all eyes and ears, came trooping ashore. Some repairing was going, on at one of the bindings, and a pile of old bricks obstructed the passageway, A gold brick was laid carelessly on this pile ana a crowd gathered to await develop ments. "What a funny looking brick," only regular expenditure seems to be the purchase of cigarettes, of which they are excessive consumers. Many of them leave their money with the com pany. The books show that over $300, 000 salary Is uncalled for. The company pays no Interest on this money but agrees to pay any or all of it on de- mand. The largest sum due any one Baku has not the natural advantages of Batoum. The latter is In the midst of a rich country, well wooded and watered, with a most fertile soil. Al most anything grows well, and as there are frequent rains the country Is green and even women, staggering along under the weight of huge valises and trunks. Occasionally a laborer might be Induced by a large reward to act as porter, but they frequently abandoned their loads in the middle of the street. 11 the year. It is very different In owing xo me appeajs ana ur wi u- llaku. It is situated in a veritable siriaers. desert. Not a tree, not a blade of grass Is seen. The white desert sand, impreg- man Is 16.000. He did not draw a cent nated with alkali, covers everything. It for a year and a half after he went to rarely rains. In summer it is extremely work. Now he never draws over $10 at not, ana in winter very coia. xnere ib a time and that only at long intervals. no fresh water, ah mat is used has Although the men are extremely sav- to be distilled from the exceedingly salt Ing they very cheerfully contribute a water of the Caspian sea. But in this o'ottnTsald' another "TZnt "wZ&Fto&'n: fMj ?oT? modern cUy of more STr eihowon. if 5SwE 1 hospital, snd a like sum for the malnte- than 150,000 inhabitants has been butlt. her elbow-one of those cheerful per- nni , . M . Th rnmm.nv The magician's wand that has accom- sons who know all about everything, or At they don t know, always pretend to - svTrtrnrten!d tfr-1rifrmnsttoirtharIt was "the effect of the weather." He said he had heard a good deal about it. gnd the farther north one went the morel i. -.--. , , .-,h . h.ii.. languages spoken in the camp. i"ivn au v oiiiuivti . n 3 ui iv iveb tt CI O .-a, .a Awi ' J. 4.1. ...uu kT 4 1 a. pHshcd Oil wonder has been petroleum, eLxTf , b,uuu hi tricviiiiK a. But t-tk uuuu- z.. ... . . . . . liuid.tteeitaHMW the running expenses. It has a gymna- Jh "lEfTt moIoo i.,m with h.th hM. -in-. but they yield about J 0.000.000 room containing literature In all the liable to become. Her rejoinder would have silenced an ordinary liar,' but he pulled out of It beautifully. "Why are. not the rest or them that way?" she Tn quired. "Haven't been exposed long enough," he replied, and she seemed to be satisfied with the explanation. It Is claimed that we all have a talent for something, and that man, with a little rehearsing, would certainly shine as the steering committee-for personally con ducted parties. On account of the Treadwell being so remote from civilisation. It Is necessary to maintain very extraordinary re sources. There is a complete foundry whore any piece of broken machinery can be immediately replaced: a fine as say office makes it unnecessary to send their ore away to determine its 'value; they maintain a modern hospital to care for their sick and wounded; so many people work in the mine that It sup ports a United States postofllce of the third class; the company store has a stock of goods in It valued at $110,000; the stock of Iron and steel kept con stantly on hand is J worth $50,000, and that of powder. $40,000. The company It is no small undertaking to feed all these robust miners. The butchers In the company shop cut up three beeves every day, besides quantities of fish, pork and mutton. Every day Is a busy one In the company kitchen. It takes 6,000 pancakes to go around in the morning. Four barrels of flour are The strike spread to Tlflls, an Import ant city of about 200,000 inhabitants. situated about midway between Baku and Batoum, on the line of the railroad, thence to Batoum and then to Odessa, on the other sids of the Black sea. In all these places the same scenes were re-naCted, with complete stoppage of business. This state or aflmrs con tinued from one to two weeks, and then there waa a gradual resumption of busi ness snd things assumed . their normal aspect. a jrotBBisr mnro Tbe two most noticeable features of gallons daily. It is this eoprmous the strike were the absolute cessation of amount of liquid treasure tha has business of every description and the built these cities and the docks and the quietness and good order of the people rillroads, and it is this that has pro- in the streets. The whole city had the appearance or an American business quarter on Sundsy morning. Every door and window was closed and not a horse or wagon could be seen. Although num bers of people were on the street. strikers, policemen and soldiers, there was a peculiar silence. Most of the duced the industrial troubles of South ern Russia. Condition of Xbor. For some years past there has been more or less sporadic effort to better the condition of the laborers In Baku. Tn a-Anarnl the manaffement nf thA nil made Into 3,800 biscuits every day. An- properties has been favorable to the people kept within doors. Occasionally other dally ration is 60 pounds of coffee workmen. Manv at the companies have thev would venture out to hear the and 175 pounds of butter. The number tried to better their condition by build- news, and then would rapidly retreat in good houses, establishing schools Into their houses behind closed doors and in some cases Drovidlna for their snd windows. amusement. But It was not universally The strikers kept wen separated. They so. From time to time the men made well knew whajt would happen ir they demands for betterment of conditions attempted to assemble, ir there was The Treadwell company is constantly and Increase of wages, but their de- any appearance of a gathering the po- maklng additions to Its holdings. The mands were not granted. Finally about lice appeared and arrested as many of Juneau-Alaaka property, on the main- a year ago there was a strike and most the people as they could carry away. In land across Lynn canal, opposite the of the men walked out The military a few cases tne military nred on the nn J . . , j. i 1 J . I 11- ' 1 ..-11 I I Thla waa tho n a v. n tint... x reauwHil, is tne latest Hcquisiiiun. ai whs vmusu vui auu me BiiiHisra, i i-iuwu. uw xo,au, tunnel two miles lona. costina $250.000. 1 gathered together in large numbers, where J 4 strikers were killed. In will be run under the mountain. It will were fired on any many killed. Some Batoum a number of strikers formed a open up a body of ore in which there concessions were granted to the men I procession, carrying a red flag. The are $$,000,000 tons. Mr. McDonald, and thoy went back to work, Cossacks charged them and killed four, the Treadwell manager, is authority fori In July of the present year another besides wounding a number. tha ratAmant that thla nr will run 1 strike was declared, This was complete. I liitue Violence, $1.10 to the ton. and that it can bo taken Every well and every refinery was- de- In general, however, there was a lack out for 6 ( cents I serted. The number or workmen em- or violence, une striaers Kept good It Is imnosslble to even estimate, the Ployed was aDOUt u,uuu. ana not a oraer. i nere was no annxing ana tnero present The police proceeded to notify each storekeeper to open, under pain of arrest. Home refused and were promptly arresteo. others grudgingly compiled. In most cases only partially opening one door. As the police left a district. In many cases the store would be immedl ateiy reciosed. There apparently wss little fear of the police. Tha strikers soemed to understand the position of tne storekeepers, and made no demon stration if the ahop was allowed to re main open. After a few days of thia incertitude, business was resumed and everything regained Its normal aspect. The strangest feature of the whole strike was that except In the case of Baku there was no demand for any thing on the part of the strikers. Neither in Tlflls nor in Batoum, nor In Odessa, did the strikers ask for a thing, either increase of wages or diminution of hours of labor or amelioration of con ditions. Whun business was resumed the strikers went back to work on the old terms and made no complaint Even in Baku only a portion of the men de manded anything, and they were men who worked for companies where the conditions were not the same as in the larger establishments. Generally the man were granted most of hat they asked, snd all went back to work with out prejudice. Aa Abnormal Strike. The explanation of this abnormal strike, where apparently nothing was at issue, and yet the strike was universal Is that the whole movement Is political Throughout Russia, as is well known, there la a foellng of unrest, of dlsaa Isfsctlon with the existing form of gov ernment. The people want a constltu tlon, and their leaders took this means of bringing pressure on the government to recognize their demands. This ex plains the completeness of the strike Practically every one. except the no billty and higher government officials, sympathise more or less with this de mand for political rights. In spite ef tne strenuous attempt of . the Russian government to keep information from the people, they gradually are becoming Imbued with the idea that they have a right to have a, voice In the government and in the disposition of the money they pay aa taxes. The whole movement was carefullv piannea ana aa carerully carried out. The leaders are unknown and they seem to oe men or ability. They profited by the mistakes of the last strike and did not repeat them. They paralysed busi ness completely in the four lance cities or southern Russia, and except In a few cases gave the government no excuse to interfere with the strikers. They ex cuse their destruction of property bv saying tne autnoritles brought it on the m Slaal UkS ' that 4 4h anlillaAa ft. j a. been sent no property would have been injured. However true this may be, It seems that only in Baku was there any burning. The strike was Just as effective in the other cities and as long continued. dui apparently tnere was no violence on the part or the strikers. The success of the movement was due to the practically unanimous sympathy of the people. The force of publlo sen timent was strikingly shown. In Odessa even the police went on a strike and in the other cities they went about tnejr fiut!esjDaJialtTheart-d way, ef eggs used dally is 2.300. Thirty five Japanese boys wait on the table. and It keeps them on the Jump to stack the piles of food In front of the hardy miners. store, butoher shop-and cook bouses are quantity of gold that Is locked up be- lngle one of them reported for work, was no loud talking or discussion. The lsrgo departments, because the firm I hind the rocky walls of Alaska's moun boards Its men. 1 tains. Some say it is more than equal At present there are 1.30 men work-1 to- the riches all the mines on earth Ing In; the Treadwell and the force Is J have yet produced. The country we 200 hands short. There Is such a mix-1 bought from Russia for less than two ture of nationalities that IT different languages are spoken in the camp. The rule In employing labor is "anybody but a Chinaman." The unique feature of the , situation is that the superintendent can only talk to 20 per cent of his men. To cents an acre, has certainly proved to be the greatest bargain in real estate that was ever made. When Trea4well paid the freight on French Pete's goods. and took over the claim which proved to be the "glory hole" of mining history. The storekeepers closed" their shops, the strikers were kept well in hand by their teamsters and hackmen refused to take leaders. They were not permitted to out their wagons, all mechanics and gather in sny numbers, as they had a laborers quit work, snd there was an sad lesson during the previous strike, absolute stoppage of business of all and they obeyed orders very well. One the remainder he has to make signs, or I he paved the way for operations which depend upon Interpreters, which is al-J will go on for years and years, adding ways very unsatisfactory. Sometimes rail the while to the hoard of wealth the an Interpreter's bead Is as hard as a I world Is storing in Its treasure vaults. miners when an attempt Is made to force art idea through it Besides, there! STTaVB CUBS TOM TXtXU. Is the Inconvenience of It. It frequently I Itching piles produce moisture and happens that an interpreter is not at I cause Itching., this form, aa well as hand when ha ia wan tad: flunnoaa in a nq, Bleeding or rptruaing re ' ' , , ".,, i-7h I cured by Dr. Bo-ean-ko's File Remedy, inement of Ind gnation righteous or Bt itchinar and bleeding. Absorb tu- etnerwiser-yott wemea to express your roorg 50o Jip- at arugj8t-, 0- sent -feeling , by calling someone "a blame I br mail. Treatise free. Write me about tooi." or some outer mua zorm ci ex-1 your ease. ir. sooanKo. rtui a, rs . kinds. The authorities commanded the men to go to work and the storekeepers to open their -places of business, .but their orders were not obeyed, xney then threatened to send for the military; The strikers replied that if the soldiers came they would set fire to the oil properties. The first train bringing them wis wrecked and several soldiers were killed and many wounded. More soldiers were sent, including a number of Cossacks. These latter are hated Intensely by ths people, as they are brutal and over earimr to the last degree. They are mounted on small, tough horses, and In addition to a rifle, a pistol, a sword and a dagger, they carry short whips, with which they charge the crowds. The Bight that the Cossacks arrived never saw more than three together, and even these small groups were constantly melting away. The police oould find no one to arrest. But there waa a con stant patrolling of the street on the part of the strikers. They watched the storus to see that they were kept closed. They silently coerced any one who at tempted to work, and that they were successful In their methods waay wit nessed hi the absolute cessation ofevery form of business. After several days of- this state of affairs the police ordered all the store keepers to reopen on a certain date at 8 o'clock in the morning. Shortly be fore this, hour tha streets were- filled with policemen. . At the appointed hour' there was not one store opened, although In nearly every case the proprietor waa There was no animosity shown toward the strikers, and one could easily believe that they secretly sympathised with them. Row Xfews Went Oat, One peculiar feature of the strike was the total absence of official or open news In regard to It No Russian news paper contained a single word even re motely referring to it. The dally papers of the cities were uttjyly silent with respect to the strike. Any foreign newspaper admitted to Russia had all references to it painted out with black 'paint. Thla Is the well-known Russian policy. Everybody knew everything about what was going on. Printed proclamations in regard to the strike were circulated and posted up about the city. No one Knew where they came from, but they were always at hand. In this way the news was spread and In structions to the strikers Issued. At the present moment everything has regained its normal condition. The troops are still In the cities and in the oilfields, and the railroad is guarded throughout its length, but in a short while they probably will be withdrawn. Russia has other needs for its soldiers. Even the few that were sent could be ill spared. The results of the strike will be two fold. First, the amelioration in the con dition of the workingmen. Some of them are not paid more than 30 cents a day, and the highest paid get about $1.80 a day. The cost of provisions is not much different from Shn Francisco. In Baku the water is very bad. All the companies do not furnish distilled water to their men. and the natural water 4a brackish and dirty and tastes strongly of petroleum. The worst of'theiJb condl tlons will be Immediately amended and the others will be gradually Improved. The second object of the, strike, vis.. political liberty, will not Immediately be attained, but s step forward has been taken. The people have been taught, to know their power, and In tha future will be better able to use It Russia has many elements of greatness. It has advanced enormously, but It doe not recognise that this advance would' be immeasurably hastened by giving lib erty and education and political rights to all the people. When this is done Russia will be In every respect one of the greatest nation on the earth. - terlal to have on the pay roll and by your fallow workmen aa a degeaarete who deserves neither censors nor pity Just a plain sot,-lost beyond redemption to all redeeming qualities. By the world at large, if noticed at all. yon are regarded as a drunken printer, and run in for 20 days. That's all. And the potter's field is your last end, where the dog fennel grows a rank that It covers to obliteration all record of your existence In a city where you have bartered away your birthright for a mess of pottage. But if that were all the sting the end of your prodigality left It Is barely posa alble that no man would have a right to question your doings so long as he was not directly Involved in your es capades. But what of the poor, weeping wlfo snd the worse than fatherless childrsnt Objects always during your life of In tdfference. If not of undisguised scorn, because of your unmanly actions ami unnatural lack of love for your owi flesh and blood, the stigma rest oa them for all time. The possession of a card In ft union, when a man's family lacks for the nec essttlea of life through his unmanly; vices, does not make him a union man in any sense of the word. But to turn from the unpleasant side to the consideration of those virtues which go to make up the successful and valuable trade unionist not only val uable to his employer, but to the com munlty, state and nation which claim him as a cltlsen, and above and beyond all other considerations his relation to his family we should cite ss a shining example that man who loves his occu pation and perfects himself In that" particular branch which he has chosen, ever striving to do better work for hie employer, giving a full day's work for full day's pay, interesting . himself In charitable works, keeping progress with tbe affairs of state, studiously avoiding Incendiary speech which Inflames hie fellow men to deeds of rashness, look- ng through dptlmistlc glasses at life ea It comes to him, strictly honest in his. financial dealings, honest in his differing views of matters which he holds in com mon With his fellow man, temperate, In dustrious, a lover of his wlfs and little onea This man, my readers, la the eort of trade unionist who keeps all organisa tions together, inspires confidence In hie fellow workmen and elicits the friend- ' ship and praise of his employer. Having thus placed before you some , pertinent suggestions aa to the proper , position which a trade unionist should assume toward his employer; who' ex pects more from him than he does from, the non-union man, because his certi ficate of membership should be; and I am prone to think la, a certificate of, competency, I desire to enumerate ft few principles which It is necessary for an employing printer to observe in hie deal - ings with his employes. First Treat your men with an open frankness in order that you may inspire their confidence. Having gained the re spect and friendship of your employee ' you have vastly strengthened your post-', tlon. Your plant will turn out more and better work than ever before. There will spring up almost unoonsciously a happy community of interest which will make both you and them happier and richer. Try it for a year. The records of the best printing Institutions In the country show that the master spirit of the concern was In close touch with ev- . ery employe, whether he be general su perintendent or Just plain little galley boy. A Just recomltlon. a little nralse for a Joftp-well done, with kindly instruc tions in correction of faults will add to the recipient's valuo to ft house twofold. Second Should grievances come, meet your employes In friendship and mutual confidence. Explain matters fairly end ' Squarely from your point of view, and if you have gained their regard, as a result of your fairness and friendship, you may rest assured that tbe difficulty , will be smoothed out and the bonds of mutual respect and confidence be strengthened to euch an extent that ev- . ery one concerned will wonder how such, a trivial matter ever came to near mak ing trouble. Third Seek always to instill the Idea . Into your body of workmen that your office is not a prison house In which ' they are to be confined for a fixed period. Rather express your earnest desire that this Job or that have special attention. because you feel a personal Interest in That man in whom you Impose con fidence ' is bound by all natural law to reciprocate. He never falls. Try him on thla line and see what astonishing results wilt follow. And be he the foreman in charge your duty Is doubljr Imperative. 'Heir la wTiospen3s your "money, "and "in him you should give and receive the ut most confidence, in order that perfect ' discipline may be had among those in his charge. This suggestion Is ' worth dollars to you, and its religious execution plaeea -him in position, where he is foremau tn deed as well as In name. He Is the only sort of foreman that ie worth the name. Uphold him in every ' way possible. These views, clothed , in other lan guage, perhaps, are entertained by most men, and it Is the rule that where an employer or employe Is wholly indiffer ent to any moral law which should be his guide there you will find fric-f . tlon which is liable to buret Into ft ,' ranging conflagration most difficult of' subjugation, and which, if quenched at all, must be done at the sacrifice of per aonal pride in many points. I' T'here are many complex Broblemi which confront citizens of. the United States, all of which concern the work man aa well aa the employer, and es pecially do these questions Intimately concern labor organised aa well as un organized. Out of the multitude of toplce which might be dlsoussed It is no easy task to choose one In whiah, I take It, every printer In this great city Is most vitally interested, and one which I believe every one has thought of in a serious vein for some time past Indeed, It is my sincere belief that today the great question of the proper relation, of the employe to the employer in the printing trade and kindred arts 1 the paramount Issue at stake, not only in Atlanta, but throughout the country. And I cite the art preserva tive of all arts from the fact that my life has been bound up In it for 26 years, 21 of which I have belonged to the International Typographical union ana amnated with local unions in as many cittea. Of course, the rule of right aa sought to be conceded and re ceived by the typographical union is also the only rule by which all other unions may hope to perpetuate their ex Istence and become powerful factors for good in ths communities in which thsy exist and have their being. The first proposition which I would enunciate on this line Is the fact that every man has righta which every other man is bound to respect. This Is a truth as old as the world and which his tory, both sacred and profane, has chronicled from creation's dawn. Now, the great question arises as Just how to define these rights and so sched ule them that there can be no possible misunderstanding aa to their character. This is a most difficult proposition, and one which no set of office rules or signed and sealed scale of prices haa ever been able to accomplish. Agreeing that every man employed In a printing office is a partner In the con cern, we have a baals on which may rest the whole superstructure of peace and prosperity, which so vitally con cerns both partlea to the agreement And thus having agreed that the ques tion of employment Is a business agree ment between two parties by which one agrees to work for a certain sum, while the other covenants to pay in lawful money ft stipulated sum for a certain time, the question arises as to what the rule of conduct -shall be In order that exact Justice shall accrue to both parties to the contract. Answering the question as a repre sentative of the employes I should lay down as the essence of the whole mat ter the golden rule, "Do unto others as ye would that they do unto you." That would cover the whole matter, provided every man who works at the printing trade was so constituted as to grasp the great rule of life in Its fullest mean ing. Unfortunately we are so Inherently different in or makeup that a blanket rule will not cover all cases, and so It Is necessary to lay down a tew specific rules, which I believe if rigidly ad hered . to will work out to the good of all concerned. First Never lose sight of. the fact that the material prosperity of the firm In whose employ you are is your very life and concerns you as deeply as 1 does the men who have their all In vested in a business which is a hazard ous and precarious employment at its best It is safe to say that with all your diligence as an employe working in the interest of your concern you can never experience the keen solicitude which every man who employs printers constantly feels for the Interest of the business. In the first place, your work is en compassed within certain hours, whils he is harassed from, early morn till late Into the night with complexities which never reach you. Second Knowing that these things are so. It behooves you to use all dili gence in your work. It Is your duty as a printer to use the material furnished you to work with In a time-saving and careful manner. Never quietly "dis pose" of accumulated "pi" by dumping It Into a rat hole. Tour dishonesty is sure to find you out If Instructions relative to ft Job are faulty In your estimation, ask for infor mation. Get the matter straight before you begin. Never say or think, "I don't care a rap whether the bloody thing is right or wrong! Let 'em hire a fore-, man who knows his business!" That position is entirely wrong, and will Inevitably result in your being in continently "flred" and it ought to. As one of the proprietors ipso facto you, should aid Mr. Foreman in every way possible. When you have schooled your self in the point where you take a pride in your work, have faith in your em ployer, at"i " good mpi - ts "fellow workmen and are ever reaay to ao your utmost In a squeeze, you will And your self in great demand at highest rate of wages and a lifetime situation if you wish it Third The two rules above cover your relations to your employer while In the office. There are some rules of conduct that might be laid down for our guidance while mingling with the world. This question Is one of great moment and also one which lies largely with one's conscience, and on which one ill take little advice, no matter what the spirit which actuates it. To be a good citizen and a valuable workman you must of necessity pay some attention to the moral law. Filled up on whisky you are neither so com petent as a printer or reliable as a citi zen, and eventually you are regarded by your employer as undesirable ma- DANGEROUS EXPERIMENT PERFECTLY CONTENTED "Hello, Jones! What ere you doing tn that outlandish rtjj T" ; ; : "Just tryln' an experiment, old ehip, I bought a bulldog vesterdayi and now I'm going to find out If hs'sf any good en tramps.' "You aiwaya stern to be happy, Mr Brown." - "Why aheuldn't If Nobody owesn money and rrebody stands a tu.y,v x' f eotrectlng what I owe them, i v .T i : '. ': ' .1 ' . .