FARM 7m Notts and Instructions from Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations of Oregon and Washington. Specialty Suitable to Pacific Coast Conditions Heavy Losses From Poor 8lre. OREGON AGRICULTURAL COL LEGE, CorvalllB. ''Reports show that there are about 60,000 colts produced annually In Oregon, and that 30,000 of them are from pure bred sires, the remainder being from grade or scrub sires. Conservative estimates indi cate that the average value of colts from the pure bred sires Is $40 greater than the value of those sired by grades or scrubs. Thus It is seen that the failure fo choose pure bred sires occasions an annual loss to Oregon horse growers of $800,000. "Of course there is a slight saving of about $3 in the cost of the service fee for each of these poorly bred colts and this effects a saving of $60,000 annually. By deducting this sum from the $800,000 lost a net loss of $740,000 Is ascertained." The foregoing statements were giv en out by Professor E. L. Potter, head of the Livestock department, Oregon Agricultural College. Although a por tion of the enormous loss arises from the inability of growers in some parts of the state to secure the services of pure bred stallions, the greater part of it is evidently due to a failure to understand the fact that the practice of breeding to the non-pure bred stal lions results in such heavy losses. The average price for five-year-old horses that are bred from pure bred sires Is from $160 to $200, depending upon quality. There are a good many exceptional cases In which the prices run above or below these figures, but the average Is probably closer to the $200 figures. The value of the five-year-old Is from $120 to $160, depend ing a good deal upon the locality. Un doubtedly here are a great many of these horses sold below $120 far more than the number sold above $160. Notwithstanding the fact that oc casionally pure bred sires are not available, It more frequently happens that there is not sufficient demand for the services of those that are. So it seems that the purchase of more pure bred stallions is not so impor tant as that those already owned In the state be more generally patron ized. Eliminate Housework Drudgery. Oregon Agricultural College, Corval lls. The fact that so much more has been done to ameliorate the labor con ditions of man than those of woman, is cleverly shown by a story in the Oregon Countryman entitled "Elimin ate the Drudgery of Housework." Should our great grandmothers return they would be perfectly familiar with women's methods of doing housework. They could wash and iron by hand just as they used to wash and iron. But if our great grandfathers should return with them they would be com pletely lost among the thousands of mechanical devices now used to save man's time and energy. Men have -filled their own world' with machin ery. They realize that nothing is too great or too small to be done with machinery, from removing mountains with electricity to cleaning a straw hat. "In this day of electricity it should be considered a misdemeanor to wash and iron by hand, because washing and Ironing machines are made cheap ly enough for the housewife to own them. Washing by hand is so hard that no woman should be allowed to do It whether she be housewife or servant. Always It is drudgery. In the winter it Invites pneumonia. "If the following directions" are ob served, boiling clothes is not neces sary when washed with the machine: Slice five bars of naptha soap into a two-gallon jar. Cover with water and let stand one day. Then use an egg beater to cut the undissolved slices to pieces. Let them stand for another day, when the soap solution will nave become a jelly. "By using soap thus prepared It Is necessary to put the clothes into the cylinder but once before rlnsiner. which saves time and diminishes the gas, water or electricity bill." White Lands Reclamation Quickest Oregon Agricultural College, Corval llB. Although much has been done at great expense to reclaim different classes of waste land it appears that the most promising reclamation fields, the "white lands," have been almost entirely overlooked. These lands are near the railway and river transporta tion lines, close to centers of popula tion and ready markets, and have large areas. They are richer in plant food, more quickly brought Into pro ductivity and more cheaDlv reclaim than any other class of semi-waste lands. But no serious attempts have ever oeen made to reclaim them. On the other hand, the federal anil the state governments, many societies and Individuals, have expended large sums In redeeming the desert, reclaim ing the seml-arld sands, clearing log- gea-oir tanas ana draining the swamps That these lands are not nearly so rich in potential fertility as the white lands has been shown by studies and tests made by Professor H.-D. Scud der, agronomist of the Oregon agrlcul tural college. As explained by Professor Scudder, the nrru-esB of raclnimlnir tha "whita ORCHARD lands" Is relatively simple and inex pensive. A system of under drainage is the first step, and should be ac complished at $25 to $40 per acre, depending upon the outlet for the tile water. As soon as the free water is removed, and before the soil dries out to hardness, it should be stirred deep ly to admit air and prepare a seed bed. It is then seeded to some of the hardier "wet land" crops that will put humus in the soil, such as vetch or alsike clover, the crop being later turned under. Liming is necessary and should be attended to before the crop is sown. As soon as the acidity has been removed, the land should be put Into leguminous crops inoculated with the nitrogen gathering bacteria. As the roots enter the hard subsoil they form air channels, and when they decay they leave improved aeration condi tions and combined nitrogen in the cavities. The application of well rot ted stable manure to the cultivated row crops that follow will hasten the process of supplying humus. The soil loses Its toughness within a few years by this treatment. The work of drainage is the only expensive feature of "white lands" reclamation and the expense can be greatly reduced by cooperation. New Leaf Rolling Pest. Oregon Agricultural College, Corval 11s. As though there were not already enough pests to plague the Oregon fruit grower, a new species of harm ful Insects has been recorded by Pro fessor H. F. Wilson, entomologist of the Oregon agricultural college. It is the leaf roller that is known to scient ists as Archips argysophilia. The larvae was first observed by Profes sor Wilson In 1911, but not until the present season were all the stages studied and connected. "The insect has undoubtedly been in Oregon for a long period of years," says Professor Wilson, "and is now found in various parts of the Willam ette valley, and in the fruit growing sections surrounding Hood River, The Dalles and Mosler. This preliminary report is made in order to meet the demands for information concerning a small, greenish 'worm that causes serious injury by eating out small sec tions of young fruit.' "In Oregon the injury has not been so extensive as in Colorado and New York. I have observed the larvae feeding on the inside of the bud, often destroying the tip of a shoot As the leaves unfold, each larva confines it self to a single leaf, one side of which it rolls and fastens down with silken threads. This serves as a nest. We have not observed them feeding on the fruit, but from the reports of grow ers there seems little doubt that they cause most of such fruit injury in this state. "Eggs are deposited anywhere on the bark In masses about one-fifth inch square, which are then smeared over with a dark-colored substance that blends them with the bark, mak ing them almost indistinguishable. The masses vary in number from 20 to over 150, and the egg stage lasts from June, when they are deposited, until April or May of the following year. The larvae mature In the shells sometime before they emerge, which is generally during the first warm weather after the buds begin to open. At the time of hatching they measure about one-twentieth of an inch in length and are of a dirty yellow color, except the head, which is black. They are quite active from the first, and if their nest is opened they quickly wriggle out and hang suspended by a siiKen tnread. ,. "The mature larvae are about an Inch in length. The head is shlnlns: black, with the first segment back of it naving a light green border. The adjoining two-thirds of the body Is dark green, the remainder yellowish green. The feet are glistening black. The last pro-legs and the last body segment are yellow. In the pupa stage the insect meas ures from three-eighths to one-half Inch in length, and is light brown, the under side shaded with green. The top of each abdominal segment Is fit ted with two rows of saw-like spines that point backward. The middle spines are quite prominent while the terminal ones are not so well devel- oped. The adult moth is a dark nmtv rod variegated with obscure sllverv patches, each front wing bearing two bright spots. Some are darker than others, and two adults that emerge from the same egg-cluster may not resemble each other in color at all. They emerge during June, the egg masses Deing produced soon after wards. "An important control measure In Oregon is winter pruning, as most of the egg masses are formed on the smaller branches and twigs. Enough may remain to cause great damage, and spraying may become necessary. Arsenical sprays are less valuable for this than for most leaf-eating insects ana me treatment of Professor C P. Gillette, for Colorado conditions. Is recommended: Make a sDravlnar nn. plication of a good soluble oil shortly before the eggs hatch. Should this fail to kill the eggs, make two appll- uuuons oi an arsenical or a Black L.eai-1 u spray." YELLOW SKIN OF GUERNSEY Much 8erlou Discussion Among Breeder as to Best Means of Keep tnp Up This Desirable Feature. As is well known the Guernsey breed of cattle give milk and butter of the highest yellow color of any breed. Next comes the Jersey, a sis ter breed on a neighboring Island. The Guernsey people set great store by this feature of high color and they have a perfect right to do so. But much serious discussion is had among the Guernsey breeders as to the best means of keeping up this desirable feature. In a blind, general way they are told to "breed for it" But that la not enough. It will be useless to breed for a thing If afterward the thing Is wasted and through wrong environ ment and wrong ideas of feeding that which went In with the breeding goes out because of wrong conditions. We undertake to say that not one winter Pure-Bred Guernsey Bull. stable In a thousand is light enough to enable the cow to keep up the yel low color of her milk. What are the causes of the yellow color in mllkT 1) The yellow pig ment In the cow herself. If she has it the milk will show it (2) The greatest abundance possible of light In summer all cows show more color In their milk than in win ter, for the reason, partially, that they are exposed to more sunlight than In winter. The sun is the source of all color. (8) The greenness of the food con sumed. In winter the cow consumes food the color of which Is bleached out In summer the grass is of the deepest green. The Inference is easy, that if the farmer wants his cowa to give yellow milk he should keep them In a thoroughly well lighted stable and feed forage of a green color. In London the butchers require that all veals shall be fattened In the dark In order that their tallow ehall be white. Many a farmer has bleached out his cows in the same manner by keeping them in a dark stable. ONE RECIPE FOR WHITEWASH Government Formula for Liquid Com position Used on Lighthouses and Other Exposed Places. This is the recipe1 the government oses for whitewash used on Its Ilghfe houses and other places exposed to the weather, and it does not peel oft: One halt a bushel of lime slaked with boiling water. Keep covered while slaking, to keep the steam In. Mix all together and then pour five gallons of hot water over it After It Is thoroughly stirred, allow It to stand for 48 hours. Applied hot Strain the mixture and add a peck of salt dissolved In warm water, one half a pound of Spanish whiting, and one pound of flue, previously melted over a fire, and three pounds of ground rice, boiled to a thin paste. Selecting Pullets. At the Maine experiment station, they select the good layers by picking up the pullets which soonest show red combs and begin to sing, as pullets do when getting ready to lay, and put ting them In a flock by themselves. By picking out these early layers they got a flock which averaged 180 eggs during their first laying year and a flock of that kind Is good enough for anyone. "" . Keeping Sheep In Condition. Doctoring sheep is expensive ana often unsatisfactory, unless the symp toms of the disease are clearly under stood. If the sheep are not exposed to bad weather in the late fall and are given proper care and feed there la not much show for disease, unless brought In from other flocks. With sheep aa ounce of prevention is worth much more than a pound of cure. 8ave the Seed. By keeping the mangers seed-tight wlhle the feeding is heavy, one can clean them out when spring cornea, running the rufse through the fan ning mill. The clover and timothy seeds thus secured will retrun you a handsome sum, as these will be high this season. Time Wasted. : , , , How. many ever atop to figure up how much of your time, trouble and teed goes to lice and mites and para sites? Starting In 8heep. This is the right time of year for starting in sheep. VARIETIES OF MUTTON MEAT NEED NEVER BECOME AN UNWELCOME MEAL. So Many Ways of Serving It That Will Always Be Appetizing Some of These Recipes May Bo 5 Appreciated. -, It Haricot of Mutton Two tablespoons butter or drippings, two tablespoons chopped onion, ltt pounds lean mut ton cut into two-inch pieces, two cups water, salt and pepper, lima beans, chopped parsley. Fry the onion in the butter, remove the onion, add the meat and brown; cover with water and cook until the meat Is tender. Serve with a border of lima beane, seasoned with salt pep per, butter and a little chopped pars ley. Fresh, canned, dried or evapo rated lima beans may be used in mak ing this dish. - Stewed Sheep's Hearts Two sheep's hearts, two ounces fat salt pork, two tablespoons minced onion, two table spoons flour, - one-quarter teaspoon pepper, 1 pints boiling water, salt Split and wash the hearts, season them with the salt and pepper, and roll them in the flour. Fry out the pork and add the onion to the pork fat and cook them ten minutes. At the end of that time remove the pork and onion to a stewpan and fry the hearts In the fat Transfer hearts to the stewpan. Rinse the frying pan with the water, which should then be poured over the hearts. Use the flour that remains after the hearts are rolled to thicken the broth. Boiled Mutton With Oyster Four pounds mutton from the shoulder, one onion, one pint oysters, salt Bone the mutton and stuff with half the oysters, or make a gash In the meat near the bone and Insert half the oysters and tie into shape. Half cover the meat with water and cook in a closely covered dish for two hours. With the remaining oysters make the following sauce: Oyster Sauce Two tablespoons but ter or mutton fat, one tablespoon flour, one-half pint oysters, one-half of the liquid in which the mutton has been boiled. Drain the oysters and . heat and strain the liquor. Wash the oysters, add them to the hot oyster liquor and cook until they are plump. Remove the oysters and keep warm while mak ing a sauce of the butter, flour, oyster liquor, and season with salt and pep per. Steamed Mutton Small pieces of mutton may be very satisfactorily prepared by covering the surface with powdered or finely chopped season ings, as suggested In the foregoing recipe, and steaming It, or It may be steamed without seasonings. Creamed Potatoes. When creaming potatoes, cut them cold boiled, then sprinkle generously with flour and mix all together. Add the amount of cold milk desired and put all on the fire to cook. As it heats, stir gently. It will thicken without lumps and be smooth and creamy. This does away with the dis agreeable task of making thickening, and the whole Is completed In half the time and with half the work. The same method may be used when friz zling beef or creaming turkey, chick en or codfish. It Is not necessary to melt cocoa before adding it to the milk If you' put the Ingredients to- getner before heating. Tasty Omelet A housewife who turns off tasty lit- tie breakfast omelets has one that is her own invention. She cuts a nnar. ter of a red pepper and a quarter of a green pepper into dice and mixes them and two or three tablespoonfuls of minced boiled ham with five slieht. ly beaten eggs and then bakes it In me omelet pan as usual For every egg she uses a tablespoon ful of hot water in me mixture. Unbaked Fruit Cake. Take equal parts by weight, Eng lish walnuts, Brazil nuts or a mi, ture:- Dates and figs (if preferred suDstitute .raisins for figs). Put through the food chopper. Grease bowl or square cornered eranita with butter, press this mixture down hard and let stand over night then turn out and slice cake. Also: Two cups of stoned and chopped dates, one cun channait v.-. lUh walnuts, mix thoroughly, and press in same way. ir liked add one- nail cup chopped raisins. 8teamed Brown Bread. One cup aweet milk, one cnn mn. milk, one teaspoon soda, one and one half cup molasses, one-half cup flour, pincn oi sail, one-nan cup raisins desired. Steam three hours. This delicious either hot or cold. . Potato Dumollno. Two cups hot mashed potatoes, but ter size of an egg, two eggs, four ta blespoons of chicken or other stock, three tablespoons of sweet milk; add a pinch st salt beat wll and add enough flour to stirrer WAS AMERICAN BABY "LITTLE MOTHER" PROUD OF THB CHILD 8HE HELD. 8mall Girl, But With High Ideals, Hannllv Mot With hw a Writer r I J - ...... -j 0 Who Deacrlbea Her In the Washington Star. A small girl In a blue frock was carrying a baby with rings In Its ears. The girl was a skinny littls tacker, with a dark face mostly eyes and her crooning voice as she cud dled the baby somehow suggested olives, Vesuvius, wayside shrines and banana carta. But there was nothing Latin about the fat bald-headed baby except the gold wire in Its ears. The small girl's street isn't what you could reliably call a pleasant place. There Is a leathery smell -for ever rivaling the woolly assertlveness of misfit hand-me-downs. So the small girl toted the baby to a quiet street where the sun lay like a warm yellow blanket on the bricks and where the leaves swirled down from the trees as If dying were a gay sort of dance. Then she sat down on a carriage step that she seemed to be acquaint ed with, and kissed the baby on lti baldest spot, where the fuzz had rubbed off from lying down. And the baby, to show its satisfaction, gurgled out that Inscrutable symphony of In fancy which Eve's little Cain was the first to voice, and which we try to speel out "da, da, da." A woman whose way had led from the small girl's street to the quiet one, stopped at the carriage step and offered the baby an apple from s Dag. it was a sniny red appie, ana the baby smiled at it coquettlshly be fore hiding its face in the small girl's neck. The girl herself, wise enough to recognize friendliness when she saw it, took the apple and lifted the baby's face. "Thank the la-dee, Maggee." The baby .waved its arms and kicked out two pink socks one heel and a bunch of toes outside showing pinker than the wool. "She Is American baby," explained the small girl, with a pride that was downright beautiful. "She is not no dago. She have rings in her ears be cause my mother she will it have so, and her saint name is Magdalena, but my father he say it Is Maggee foi American, and if she was a boy she might be president maybe." "Whv thof la flno An I. your name?" "My name Is Maree-ah, after the Mother of God. My mother gave me to her. I wear blue all time while 1 am child. When I a woman I have a pick ribbon bow in my hair. And a green- dress. Yes, it is at the cathe dral at Milan that I am given to the blessed mother. But the bambino- no, tne oaoy, came when we get to America. No boy shall call her dago. I will fight him. I will keel him If he say she dago "' And as the woman went her way she wondered what America will hold for Maggie, whose saint name Is Mag dalena, when she is no longer a bald-headed baby with rings in her ears. And for Dago Maria, when the time comes for her to wear pink ribbons and a green dress? Quien sabe! Washington Star. Breaking a Bad Habit. "I see you have brought your dear old-fashioned father to the Catskllls again this season. Miss Slick." "Oh, yes, Miss Peck, we could hard ly get along without pap, even If hla manners are horrid." " "But I note a great Improvement in his style of eating." "In what way?" "Why, now he Invariably uses his fork." "Yes, yes. You see, we bribe the waiter to put soap on papa's knife." Good Reason. While traveling through the rural districts, a book salesman approached a farmer, and stood for several min utes importuning him to buy the book ae was selling. Presently the farmer blinked his eyes and said: "No, it ain't no use. I can't read." The salesman paused a moment and then said, "But you must have some one In your home that can read. Your wife, your children I know" they would be interested." "Yes, my daughter can read," he re plied, "but she's got a book." Veiled 8arcasm. Cooper I say, Hooper, was Doctor Blinker guilty of a joke in his prayer for our publio officials this mornlni-r Hooper How? , Cooper Didn't you notice that he prayed for the blessing of the Lord upon those who guyed the people? Puck. ? Properly Done. A drop of ink can still make mil X t ha. to be turned Into live-wire language and printed on the better kind of paper to do It