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V ' 1 1 i " 'I
Uui anoHBJ0ija)3p ou 3u.uoqs
bj subsivib jaqjo pan minis
J3AUB OfBABM q) JO SJOAi q
'DBlpai UBDijaniy eq jo bjjbj3
pas sub eqj jo iusin
'act those who are In a position to
ludge state that some of the modern
izamples of native silversmlthing on
:he Navajo reservation are superior In
jvery way to the best examples of ear
ner work of the redsklnned crafts
nen of the forge.
At the fourth annual fair of Navajo
Indians, which was held recently,
there was a dazzling display of this
tatlve silverware, showing the native
irtists at their best. Probably ?5,000
worth of Navajo Jewelry was on ex
nibjtion, most of It being made up in
purely native designs. The prize col
lection was the work of Chlschll-le
(Curly Hair), a silversmith who lives
near the trading post of Two Gray
Hills, fifty miles south of Shlprock,
N. M. Chis-chll-le is a middle-aged
Indian, who has been a silversmith
alnce his youth. In fact his is a fam
ily of silversmiths, the trade being
banded down from father to son, much
is trades are handed down In some
European communities.
Chls-chll-le, like other, Navajo sil
versmiths, useB only the crudest im
plements in making his silverware.
His forge is a square of stones and
tdobe, the center having a round de
pression for a fireplace. The smoke is
carried off and a draft created by two
wooden tubes, covered with adobe to
keep from burning, walled to the rear
f the forge. His bellows is made of
iheepskln, and his anvil is a hard
tone or a piece of iron. Any silver-
imlth who can get a piece of railroad
Iron Is looked upon with envy by his
!ellow-craft8tnen who must use forges
jf cruder material. The crucibles for
melting silver are of hard clay, and
re generally about the size of turn
tiers, with round bottoms, and with
:urved rims provided with spouts for
pouring off the molten metal.
The molds which are used by the
native silversmiths are generally cut
out of hard sandstone, and are greased
with mutton tallow. Charcoal Is used
tor fuel, the Indians being very clever
t making It from Juniper logs. Gen
rally the smith's blowpipe is a piece
Df hollow brass tubing. For polishing
he uses sandstone1 and ashes, and for
Phasing and engraving unique designs
on the silverware he uses nothing
more than pocketknlves, awls and
mall files.
With such Implements the Navajo
silversmith has been working for the
last sixty years, there being no record
of silversmlthing in the tribe previous
to that date. The Indians do not care
for more elaborate Implements but
cling to the tools with which they have
been familiar for years. The effects
they secure with these crude Imple
ment! are nothing short of amazing.
"Railways" and "Railroads."
We are all speaking of "railways"
now instead of "railroads.' as they do
in America. Both words seem to be
nf about equal age In this country.
Cobbett, In 1832, wrote of "rail-ways"
with the hyphen.' Scott, In 1831. of
"railroads." But already in 1838 an
engineering Journal declared that "rail
way" by this time seemed to be gen
erally adopted as the popular form,
though nearly 20 years later Ruskln
Hill talked of "railroads." It Is curt
ous that America has preserved the
word which recalls the descent of the
railway from the old road, while
Americans speak of "engineers" and
conductors," where we say "drivers"
and "guards,"' perpetuating the old
coaching words. London Chronicle.
Parisians Evidently Honest.
An astute rogue who hoped to make
his fortune by speculating on the
petty dishonesty sometimes latent In
otherwise respectable people has had
an unprofitable experience In Paris.
The swindler haunted the streets In
the neighborhood of the opera, which
swarm with work-girls durlna tne
the chasing on some of the Navajo sil
verware being equal to the better
grade of work turned out of high
grade Jewelry establishments.
There is no reason to believe that
the Navajos learned silversmlthing
from the early Spaniards, as many
people believe. The Spanish explorers
were inveterate keepers of diaries and
other records. Nothing escaped their
observation, and if they had found
silversmiths among the Navajo tribe
at that time even more warlike than
the Apache there Is every reason to
believe that some record would have
been made of the fact. It is likely
that the craft was learned from the
Mexicans at a later era, and it has
continued to grow in importance until
it rivals the blanket-making industry
for which the tribe has become world
famous. While the blanket weaving is strict
ly a woman's occupation among the
Navajo people, silversmlthing is kept
as strictly among the men. A woman
silversmith has never been heard of
among the Navajos, nor is there any
record of a male rug weaver, though
among the Hopls and other southwest
ern tribes, the men do most of the
weaving.
The Navajo silversmiths do not use
Bllver bullion for their work. They
HAD HIGH OPINION OF TURKS
Gen. Miles In Eulogy of the Fighting
Force Put In the Field by
Sultan's Empire.
During the spring of 1897 the war
between Turkey and Greece broke out
and Gen. Nelson A. Miles was ordered
to Europe to observe .the military op
erations. His opinion of the Turkish
army he gives in his book, "Serving
the Republic:" "The Turkish army,
which we hear less about than any
other, is a well organized, disciplined
army, numbering at that time 700,000
effective men. It Is trained to look
upon the sultan as the spiritual head
of their religion on earth. This has
the effect on the mind of the Turk of
Inspiring the belief that in serving his
sultan he Is serving his God. There
Is certainly one advantage In their re
ligion. In that It maintains absolute so
briety. The use of liquor is abhorrent
to the Mohammedan, and results In
their army being an absolutely tem
perate organization. The personnel of
their army Is made up of strong men.
and their military establishment la
conducted with great economy.
"I bad an audience with the sultan
and was cordially received by the high
officials of the Turkish army. The
manner of his assuming sovereign
power,' the fact of his keeping his el
der brother a prisoner In a palace Just
above Constantinople on the Bosporus
luncheon hour, and dropped here and
there envelopes bearing an Orleans
address. In each envelope was a note
asking a "friend" to redeem for (4.6V
at an address be gave a gold purse
value $53. Instead of the expected
haul the swindler found .to his disgust
that almost all the letters were sent
on to him by the finders, while none
bad attempted to obtain the purse.
Big Saving on 8tste Building.
In the erection of the building for
the state educational department at
Albany, N. Y, a saving of more than
$500,000 was effected by the use of
terra cotta without In the least sacri
ficing the appearance of the structure.
The greatest Item was In the capitals
for the columns surrounding the build
ing. There are twenty-eight of these,
and the "caps" are about twelve feet
high. It was at first Intended that
these should be carved out of marble
to match the remainder of the facade,
but It was discovered that the substi
tution could be made without being ap
parent, and so the terra cotta was
adouted.
prefer silver coins, for the reason that
the minted silver has the right pro
portion of alloy to make enduring or
naments. Mexican dollars, which com
mand only their bullion value, are
generally used, these are melted
and run Into the various molds, and,
after a laborious process of polishing
and chasing, come out as -finished or
naments. The art of the Navajo silversmith Is
nowhere- shown to better advantage
than in the manufacture of the silver
necklaces which are worn by men and
women and which form the most elab
orate and costly pieces of Navajo Jew
elry. These necklaces consist of beads
of silver, ranging from the size of a
pea to globules an inch in diameter.
The larger beads are finished with
pendant-like projections, cleverly
graduated as to size. The larger beada
with these pendants, bang on th
breast, and generally a very striking
effect Is secured by alternating thf
beads with turquoise or bits of coraL
The cost of such a necklace variei
according to the workmanship repre
sented in the beads and the value o
the coral or turquoise that is used tc
set off the silver.
Most of the articles made by thf
Navajo silversmith are sold to mem
bers of the tribe, for probably n
other people In the world have such t
fondness for Jewelry, especially a.
massive design. The Navajo likes plen
ty of precious metal in his jewelry
The wire bracelets and rings are al'
right for the Americans who straj
across the reservation, but the Navajr
wears five or six heavy silver rings,
with turquoise settings, a bracelet oi
two, sometimes four or five lnchef
in width and correspondingly heavy
a belt of huge silver discs about hli
waist, a massive silver necklace oi
his breast, elaborate silver mounting!
on his bridle, Jacket buttons made oi
dimes, and huge turquoise earrlngi
dangling from the lobes of his ears
These, with the Inevitable Navajc
blanket, about his shoulders, go r
long way toward making the NavaJ
a strikingly picturesque figure.
A Hint
Staylate (at 11:30 p. m.) If ther
is anything I dislike it's catching
trains.
Miss Keen I notice you keep put
ting it off.
A Preference.
"Don't you believe in the open dwn
at all times?"
"I must say, I prefer It In the sum
mer time." '
u-yuMWVWVVVVWMynrvviiiii"''"
for over twenty years, had prejudiced
me somewhat before meeting him. On
selng him I found a man of small sta
ture, keen, sharp face, cold, black,
cruel eyes, black hair and full beard.
In conversation I found him thorough
ly familiar with military affairs and
deeply Interested In the condition of
his army.
"Great reverses occur In political a
well as in other walks of life, and it 1
somewhat remarkable that, after thir
ty years, the man then occupying such
an autocratic position Is now a prison
er practically In the same condition as
his brother was at the time, and hit
brother enjoys the liberty and author
ity which he bad been deprived of for
so many years."
Aerial P6stal Service.
The latest country to try an aerlai
postal service Is Italy. The Italian
aeronaut Dal Mlstro recently carried
a sack of mail between the Bologna
and Venice postofflces In a Deper
dussin monoplane, covering the dls
tance of 101 miles In one hour and 'in
minutes.
Chance Not to Be Neglected.
Huh My new partner is never sat
isfied. He wants everything he sees.
Wife You must hurry ' and intro
duce our daughter to him.
The Irony ef 8treet Cars.
"There are queer people In this
New York city of yours," said a vlsl
tor. "The other evening I was on a
Broadway car and near the front door
sat a young man. It was chilly and
wet, and. the young .man was not com
fortable, it was plain. He became
more uncomfortable every minute
some one went out the front door, for
It was always left open. Each time
he got up and slammed the door and
became more peevish.
"He had done this a dozen times or
more when he found a seat In the mid
dle of the car. Then to his astonish
ment every person who went out that
front door carefully closed it after
him. There was no reason to be
lieve that there was a general con
spiracy against the young man, yet I
am sure that he could not understand
1L"
Brief.
"He made a great hit with Us aftw
dinner speech."
"What did he say V '
"Excuse me.'"
POULTRY KEEPING PROFITABLE.
Prof. Dryden of O. A. C. Advises Farm
ers to Increase Flocks.
Oreeon Agricultural Pnllnp-a fnr.
vallis. "Th pro Yl a a, Knnn a n annrmAiio
v. - v mv WVU 114 . w uiu u u
increase in the production of eggs and
poultry m the state in the past two
years, but in spite of this the demand
has far exceeded thn
are still as high as ever," said Pro-
iessor james Dryden of the Oregon
Agricultural Cnllpen In rl
object of the present tour of the poul
try aemonstration car sent out over
the Southern Pacific lines by the col
lege. "If t.hfl 'farmnra nf Arnnmn ltrnnlil
- " V'. I. VJ IIU
keep, on an average, 100 hens instead
oi aDout ou, it would shut out the im
ports and add $4,000,000 or $5,000,000
a year to the wealth of the state.
"The purpose of the demonstration
car is to stimulate a greater production
of poultry and eggs. The quickest and
best way is to increase the flocks of
the farmers rather than to have poul
try keepers start large egg farms. The
demand cannot be met by the estab
lishment of large, exclusively poultry
farms. If the general farmer goes out
of the egg producing business there
will soon be an eee famine nnRsihiv n
serious financial panic.
Though there are onnortnnlHeu for
profit alone snenial linpa In nnnltrs.
keening, the market fnr
limited, and it would be folly to advise
everyone to go into special lines. 1
am free to confess that we have kept
more people out of the nnnltrv hiisi.
ness than have gone Into it as an ex
clusive business. I have received
great numbers of letters during the
past year from all nnrta nf thn atatt
as well as from other states, In which
me writers stated that they were go
ing Into the poultry business on a large
scale, and a large matnritv nf thorn
said they knew nothing of the busi
ness, uur piain auty was to advise
caution. If every one of them had
gone into the business na thpv
ed and invested their all in it, it is
sate to say that there would have been
thousands of dollars lost in every coun
ty of the state, and the poultry busi
ness would have received a black eye.
"Poultry keeping is not a difficult
business unless we nmka It- sn it
conducted along sane, common-sense
lines, mere is pront in it. The two
points on which special emphasis is
laid in the demonstratinn oar ara food.
ing for eggs and housing. Egg rations
are on mspiay, ieeaing cnarts show re
sults of experiments, breeding charts
show results of breeding for eggs, dif
ferent grade3 and qualities of eigs are
exhibited, marketing possibilities are
iMjmousiraiea, ana tne equipment for
successful hatchlne and hrnnrtlne' nf
chicks Is displayed. The walls of the
car are coverea witn signs and charts
containing lessons in practical poul
try Keeping. A 'knock down' colony
house Is taken along and set up out-
sme tne car at eacn stop.
"While chickens mav he maflp tn
do well in different houses, it mnv ho
said in favor of the colony system and
iree range mat mere is no noted poul
try district in the United States where
poultry-keeping has been permanently
Successful. Where th r'nnv hnnan
system was not followed. The colony
house, moreover, was the nmiGo neon
at the Oregon Experiment Station last
year ior ine nens mat made the high
est egg records ever made in the Unit
ed States SO far as Offtnlal or nnthontln
record Is concerned. The demonstra
tors on tne car explain how those hens
were housed and cared for, and answer
any questions as to their fpedlna- nnd
treatment."
DRY FARMING ALFALFA.
Prof. Scudder Sees Big Possibilities In
Alfalfa Seed.
Oregon Agricultural College, Cor
vallis. The growing of alfalfa on the
dry farming lands of Oregon In culti
vated rows for the production of seed
has been the sneclal drv fsirmin? hni.
by of Prof. H. D. Scudder of the Ore
gon Agricultural uouege.- He has ad
vocated this plan widely through East
ern Oregon for the past five years, and
is beginning to see practical results
on a large scale. A prominent wheat
farmer at Arlington has planned to
put in ICO acres of alfalfa on his dry
land, and has asked the agronomy de
partment of the college for special in
struction and for the best seed. An
other man, one of the largest wheat
farmers In Gilliam county, is to put in
1,000 acres of alfalfa this spring. The
great number of letters coming to Prof.
Scudder from all parts of Eastern and
Central Oregon on this subject indi
cates the first ETAAt nhjin trek 'fat a
i - 0w wa VUV
better in dry farming agriculture there.
FARMERS TRY NEW CROPS.
Agronomy Department, O. A. C, Exam
ines Ranches and Advises.
Oregon Agricultural College, Cor
vallis. Dry farming lands throughout
Eastern Oregon are now taking up
special tillage methods and trying new
crops suggested by Prof. H. V. Scudder
and the other authorities of the O. A.
C. Experiment Station. A recent trip
he made showed, on five large ranches,
10 to 40 acres each of corn, field peas
and alfalfa seeded on each ranch, the
corn being the Minnesota No. 23 de
veloped at the experiment station. Im
iDortant chance a are hplns- moHn in the
method of growing the regular wheat
cron. and the rnnrhen will not t.ha ov.
ample of progressive methods to their
neisnuors. a uiinam county rarmer
recently came to the college to consult
with the authorities, and has decided
In consequence to put 1,000 acres ot
his wheat land Into alfalfa, though the
experts advised an initial undertaking
of a smaller plot.
no uimcuity. v
Seorge W. Wilson was rehearslni
with Edwin Booth at the Boston nun
seum. Wilson, In one scene, asked
the star where he should stand,
"Where do you usually stand?" asked
Booth. "Mr. Barrett had me over
there," answered .Wilson. "Yes,"
mused Barrett, "I usually hare him
there" Indicating the other side of
the stage. "Suit yourself IT1 find you
wherever you are," said Booth.
Household Remedy
Taken in the Spring for Years.
Ralph Rust. Willis, Mich., writes:
"Hood's Sarsaparllla has been a house
hold remedy in our home as long as I
can remember. I have taken it in the
spring for several years. It has no
equal for cleansing the blood and ex
pelling the humors that accumulate
during the winter. Being a farmer
and exposed to bad weather, my sys
tem is often affected, and I often take
Hood's Sarsaparllla with good results."
Hood's Sarsaparllla is Peculiar to
Itself. There Is no "just as good."
Get It today in usual liquid form or
tablets called Sarsatabs.
l:' Raft of Cocoanuts.
In the Philippine islands one fra
Quently sees a raft of cocoanuts be.
ing floated down the river to market
ine buoyant nuts are closely packed
into a circle, braced across with bam.
boos, and tied with fiber; and the
queer craft, with its native paddler, Is
then ready for the trip down stream
to a point where the raft will b
broken up and the cocoanuts sold.-
Wide World
Not Good Testimony.
Patient (feebly) "Doctor, my wift
says that you have charged too much
for operating on me." The Doctor
"But, my dear sir, you don't mean to
tell me that you would take your
wife's opinion as to your value?"
Life.
RED
mm
I EYES
Demure, tui uscermlned.
A bride looks so modest and !miir
t a wedding that It U hard to sus
pect, her of having bossed the affair
vlth an iron hnnH Athf.son Globo.
uoes to tne Uut.
Marks "Does your wife play by
ear?" Parks "Yes, but not by my
ear if I can help it" Boston Tran
script When Your Eyes Need Care Try Murino Fja Remetf
No Smarting Feels Fine Acta Quickly. Trj
It for Red, Weak, Watery Eyea and Granu
lated Eyelids. Illustrated Book in each Puck
ftge. Murine is compounded by our Oculists
not a "Patent Medicine" but nsed in suc
cessful Physicians' Practice (or many years
Now dedicated to the public and sold bj
Druggists atr 25c and SOc per Bottle. Murlm
Eye Salve In Aseptlo Tubes, 26o and GOo
Murine Eye Remedy Co., Chicago
Woman of Many Names.
The public examination was con
eluded at the London (Eng.) bank
ruptcy court recently, of a woman
who was sworn as Alice Mabel Fran
ces Emily Paola Blanca Mary Cath.
erlne Stewart, which, she said, wai
her full name.
FREE ADVICE
JO SICK WOMEN
Thousands Have Been Helped
By Common Sense
Suggestions.
Women suffering from any form of f
male' ills are invited to communicate
promptly with the woman's private corre
spondence department of the Lydia E.
Pinkham Medicine Co., Lynn, Mass.
Your letter will be opened, read and
answered by a woman and held in strict
confidence. A woman can freely talk of
her private illness to a woman; thus has
been established a confidential corre
spondence which has extended ovei
many years and which has never been
broken. Never have they published a
testimonial or used a letter without the
written consent of the writer, and never
has the Company allowed these confident
tial letters to get out of their possession,
as the hundreds of thousands of them in
their files will attest
Out pf the vast volume of experience
which they have to draw from, it is mora
than possible that they possess the very
knowledge needed In your case. , Noth
ing is asked in return except your good
will, and their advice has helped thou-
sumo, oureiy any
woman, ncn or poor,
should be clad to
take advantage of
this generous offer
of assistance. Ad
dress Lydia E. Pink
ham Medicine Co.,
(confidential) Lynn,
Mass.
Every woman ought to have.
Lydia E. Plnkham's 80-page
Text Book. It is not a book for
general distribution, aa it Is too
expensive. It Is free and only
obtainable by mail. Write foi
It today.