Lincoln County leader., July 21, 1911, Image 2

h jar ) -vt. -v 4 -v a fev J I
Qd Wef in Tanffter- , .
T'iE Moroccan coast extends, ap
proximately, as far south as
Cape Juby, almost parallel
with Las Palmas; at least you
will find It neatly ruled off
there on the map. In reality the fron
tier is a nebulous, shifting affair, that
shades off imperceptibly throughout a
hundred miles, or more, of desert,
merging into that equally nebulous
region known as the French Sphere of
Influence. This southern border Is
the country of the Touaregs, those
wild marauders of the desert, who
rove over a tract of the continent half
as large as the whole United States.
A race of pure nomads, without gov
ernment, without cities, or crops, or
agriculture of any kind, these Touar
egs, said by ethnologists to be entire
ly distinct from both Arab or negro,
are a part of that strange, secret em
pire of northern Africa, the fanatical,
underground empire of the Moham
medan sect known as the Senoussl.
An intangible, mysterious affair Is
this secret league, impalpable as the
air, yet wielding' an enormous power
that makes it the strongest bulwark
Africa puts up to protect Itself from
the march of European civilization.
Just south of Cape Juby, where the
Sahara turns the flank of the protect
ing spurs of the Atlas range, is the
place where Fax Lebaudy, the son of
France's "sugar king," tried to estab
lish his "Empire of the Sahara," with
his court, composed of the frail favor
ites of Parisian dance halls, and his
army made up of French ragamuffins,
officered by the discard of European
society. Mogador, the first port of
call, Is apt to be a disappointment to
those dreaming of the Arabian Nights
and expecting to be landed among
roses, oases and odalisques. In any
oriental port much must be allowed
fdr oriental Imagery, but Mogador Is
hardly more eastern in appearance
than Las Palmas, Just a mass of white
bouses on a land-locked bay.
This bay Is deceptive In Its placid
lty, all along the coast It Is understood
that steamer landings are to be made
"surf permitting," and Mogador is no
exception; it is all right once you are
inside, but first there Is the bar to be
negotiated.
There Is a legend In Mogador, also
to be met with in every other port as
far south as St. Paul de Loan da, of a
Bhlpment of furniture for a newly mar
rled consul In Accra they tell it of
the governor, and In Lagos of the
bishop that spent an entire winter
going up and down the coast and back
and forth to England with never a
chance of landing.
A comparatively modern town, with
MUSIC IS AUDIBLE BEAUTY
Its Charm Results From the Marriage
of a Spiritual Pact With a Ma
terial Form..
Music Is both body and soul, like
the man who delights in it Its body
is beauty in the sphere of sound
audible beauty. But in this very word
beauty is Implied a soul, a moral end,
a meaning of some sort, which makes
it of interest to the inner llfe"of man,
which relates to our Invisible and real
self. This beauty, like all other, re
sults from the marriage of a spiritual
fact with a material form, from the
rendering external, and an object of
sense that lives in essence only In the
soul. Here the material part, which Is
measured sound, is the embodiment
and sensible representative, as well
as the reacting cause, of that which
we call Impulse, sentiment, feeling,
the spring of all our action and ex
pression. In a word, it is the lan
guage of the heart not an arbitrary
and conventional representative, as a
epoken or written' word Is, but a
natural, Invariable, pure type and cor-
straight streets, Mogador looks far
more Spanish than Moorish. It is
quite a sophisticated place, with a
large trade and a considerable Euro
pean colony, of late years much aug
mented In the winter by tourists. For
some reason the surrounding country
is much safer than even the country
about Tangier, in plain sight of the
lights of Gibraltar. This fact, together
with its climate and the splendid
shooting to be had, have made it a
favorite rendezvous for sportsmen. Of
late years It has lost much of its
trade, owing to the completion of the
French railway to Tlmbuctoo; before
that scores of caravans, some of them
thousands of camels strong, left Moga
dor every year for the markets of the
southern Sahara, but now the trade
goes prosaically In freight cars from
Senegal.
But though the town lacks some
thing of local color, though the min
arets are only square, squat towers,
and though domes and Moorish ar
cades are conspicuous by their .ab
sence, the population is as purely ori
ental as could be wished. Stately
Arabs In flowing burnouses, nearly na;
ked tribesmen from the desert, veiled
ladles wrapped In huge white sheets,
like walking bundles of laundry, shuf
fling Jews In sad-colored robes, green
turbaned marabouts, bare-legged
Moors, and scores of those greasy-
haired Syrians who penetrate to every
part of the tropical world, they flow
up and down the streets.
North of Mogador the coast trends
away eastward. Sometimes the boats
call at Saffl and Mazagan, but more
frequently the next port of call Is
Rabat, Just across the river from Sal-
lee. Sallee and Rabat have a chequered
hlBtory, sufficiently frenzied. to suit the
most romantic taste. For 300 years
the Sallee Rovers were the terror of
the European coasts as far north as
Biscay and Marseilles, and It is said
that at one time there were over 10,
000 Christians held as slaves In the
town. Rabat is the port of entry and
the residence of the consuls. Sallee
Is closed to foreigners, and permis
sion must be had from Its governor
before one can set foot on Its dilapida
ted quays.
Surrounded by its battlemented
walls, Sallee Is almost a sacred city in
its purely Mohammedan excluBiveness,
and Its Inhabitants rank far above
those of the open ports; not a Chris
tian is allowed to dwell In the town.
Built in a time when it was enor
mously wealthy it is said, by those
who have visited It, to be literally a
city of palaces; but Moorish palaces
are so constructed that hardly ft hint
respondence. Speech Is the language
of Ideas, the communicator of thought,
the Mercury of the intellectual Olyjn-
jud cuujiuubu iu eaca oi us. Joan
Sullivan Dwight.
The Universal Pet.
Everybody must have a pet If you
haven't a baby, you must at least own
a dog. If It Isn't a dog, It may be a
cat or a kitten. In other lands it may
be a monkey. 1 have even known of
those who have alligators as pets
little ones, of course. Perhaps this
explains why, on a single Sunday-, 40,
000 men, women and children, princi
pally children, will flock Into the Zoo
logical garden at Bronx park in the
northern part of New York city. This
may explain, too, why. In a single
calendar year nearly one million and
a half visitors at the park take time
and do it with pleasure to visit
what Is known as the finest zoological
exhibit as well as the largest In the
world. Harriet Qulmby, in Leslie's.
Child Suicides.
Hardly a week passes In Vienna
without the record of an attempt at
of their grandeur reaches the eye of
the passers-by. AU'the art and luxury
Is within, lavished on the interior
court and Its surrounding galleries
and rooms, and all that the outside
affords is a series of blank walls, with
occasional barred windows, and a !
green-painted door, studded with huge
nails and banded with iron.
Northward again from Rabat Is
Laralche, which greets one with a
note of actual western enterprise in
the way of a steam tug to tow the
freight lighters over the bar. Its pic
turesque Jumble of gray towers,
white walls and pink and yellow
washed houses, makes a brlllant pic
ture against the blue sky, but, like all
the other ports, Laralche is best seen
from the bay, Moorish sanitation is
a thing to be carefully passed over and
left undescribed.
The big, white lighthouse at Cape
Spartel comes into view, the sky
streaked with the smoke of steamers
bound in and out of the Straits, the
bold outlines of the mountains round
Tarifa loom trough the haze. The
silence and the mystery, the blue
green nights,, the golden airs and the
wide, vacant spaces of sea and land
have gone; this is a high road of com
merce, Just round the corner lies Gib
raltar, where the people are playing
tennis, drinking tea' and banging out
the latest comic songs on their pi
anos.
Rounding a point, the steamer drops
anchor off Tangier. From the inside
the orientalism of Tangier is a bit
faded, there is too much of the boule
vards, or rather, of the Midway
"Streets of Cairo" and of Barcelonese
underworld, mixed in with it. To one
fresh from the rigidly Mohammedan
cities to the south the difference is at
once apparent; here are whole streets
of Spanish, and Gibraltar "Scorpions,"
the offscourings of every port from
Cadiz to Genoa, and the Jews live
where they please, instead of being
confined to a "Mellah." as the Moors
call a Ghetto. Here are cafe signs In
French, Spanish and weird English, a
constant coming and going of tourists
in gray tweeds and fluttering, veils,
the bazaars are piled with imitation
Moorish "junk," manufactured In Ger
many, and displayed for the trapping
of the unwary. And everywhere are
shifty-eyed individuals, in violently
Moorish attire, who accost the stran
ger with unpleasantly leering offers to
act as "guide;" one wonders what
fanatical, exclusive Sallee would say
to all this?
But seen from the bay, before land
ing, the Illusion Is still perfect; a
sweep of green hills, dotted with vil
las, and at their foot a mass dl
gleaming white houses. One tall min
aret dominates the city, a few date
palms thrust their crests above the
maze of flat roofs. In the harbor is a
tangle of shipping, fishing boats and
coasting vessels, with lateen sails and
painted prows, Jostle black-stded
steamers with tall funnels; there is a
horde of small boats, a swirl of white
draperies and "bare legs, a . babel ol
voices, and the Inevitable, wearying
stare of fierce, black eyes.
There may be a suspicion of pose
about It all, a lurking suggestion that
possibly Tangier has found the easi
est way of making a living is to be
just a little more aggressively Itsell
than ever, but, at first sight, it is as
truly oriental as even -the out-of-the-world
cities down' south, between the
ocean and the desert.
CHARLES SAXBY.
Not a Question of Comfort.
"I thought you were trying to econo
mize on coal?" said the perspiring
tenant of an apartment.
"Only In the winter," said the Jani
tor. "Now we're trying to burn up
what's left 'cause we need the room
It takes up."
Decidedly, Yes.
"Did you ever plan in 'Hamlet? In
quired a theatrical manager of a re
cent acquisition to his company.
"Ever!" exclalmeC the newcomer.
"Why, I've" played In every hamlet
of Great Britain!" Tit-Bits.
6ulcide by some child of tender years.
Sometimes a pitiful scrawl Is left re
cording the state of mind that led to
the resolve to put an end to the
trouble of life; more often parents or
schoolmaster are left to draw theli
own conclusions. The other day a
child of twelve, the daughter of a
worker In a Vienna factory, lost a
half-penny, and being' afraid of pun
ishment, she went upstairs, took down
her father's gun and shot herself.
Fortunately, she was not fatally in
jured. The same morning a school
boy of nine broke the strap of his
eatchel. He bolted himself In a room
and hanged himself through .chagrin
at the accident.
Human Vanity.
A man is more generous when he
has but little money than when he has
plenty, perhaps through fear of teing
thought to have but little. Franklin.
On Consolation.
With enormous crops of prunes and
peanuts reported, the public may feel
assured of the luxuries of life, what
ever may happen to the necessaries.
FARM ORCHARD
Notes and Instructions from Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations
of Oregon and Washington, Specially Suitable to Pacific Coast Conditions
THE CHEMISTRY OF THE HOP.
By H.
V. Tartar. Oregon Agricultural
College.
The large amount of hops grown
in this state makes the chemistry ot
the hop of interest both to the local
experiment station chemist as well as
as the hopgrower. The annual pro
duction of the hop crop of this state
approximates 90,000 uaies annually,
while the total consumption of hops
in the United, States, according to
one writer, amounts to 45,000,000
pounds. Again, in the adoption of
proper standards for judging the. qual
ity of hops the chemical composition
must be given considerable consider
ation. Since the cone is the portion
of the plant used, commercially, only
this portion will be considered in
what follows.
Many researches have been carried
out by different chemists on the com
position of the hop cone, the earliest
investigations dating as far back as
1820. During recent years much
work has been done on this subject
and the results obtained have not
been concordant in many instances.
The different investigators seem to
be agreed, however, that the principal
constituents of the hop cone are a
volatile oil, a wax, a hard resin, two
soft bitter resins, an alkaloid and a
tannin.
If hops are placed in a still with
water and the mixture boiled, oily
drops will be seen coming over with
the distillate. As the process con
tinues and a larger quantity of ma
terial collects it will be noted that
it has a light green color. This oily
hop and although it amounts to only
hop and altogether It amounts to only
one-half of 1 per cent, it is the con
stituent which gives to the hop its
fragrant odor. It is a greenish, mo
bile liquid and is very aromatic. It
Is composed of three or four differ
ent bodies, some of which are known
chemically as terpenes, being closely
related in composition to ordinary
turpentine.
A wax was isolated from the hot.
in 1862 by a German chemist. He
found the substance to be a white,
waxy material, closely allied In na
ture to beeswax and other waxes. An
examination showed the-'hoD wax to
be a chemical compound, known as
myricyl palmitate. The amount of
this substance present in the hop
amounts to approximately 0.40 per
cent. It is a tasteless, inert sub
stance which is apparently of no
value In the practical uses of the
hop.
From the Investigations made it ap
pears that there are three distinct
resinous substances in the hop cone
and for convenience two are desig
nated as "soft resins," while the third
is called the "hard resin. ' When the
cone is extracted with ordinary ether,
all three of these resins are dis
solved. If the ether be evaporated
from the extract obtained, however,
and the resulting residue be treated
with light petroleum spirit, only the
soft resins pass into solution, while
the hard resin is left behind as a
light green amorphous residue.
The hard resin is almost tasteless..
Chemical experiments indicate that
it is probably a mixture of different
substances and no definite results
have been obtained as to its actual
composition. So far as is known it
has no value In the practical uses of
the hop. The amount of hard resin
seems to increase with the age of
the hop and also with the use of high
temperatures in drying.
For convenience the soft resins are
designated as the "alpha" and the
'tbeta." According to the present
belief these substances are . the con
stituents which impart to the hop
cone the major part of its actual com
mercial value. Collectively thex, are
known as the "hop bitter," or "bit
ter principle," and many consider the
amount of soft resins as one of the
prime factors in judging the quality
of the hop. Analyses made in this
laboratory show that Oregdh hops
contain from 13 to 18 per cent ot
these materials. In the pure state
the soft resins are both crystalline
substances, which, although only
sparingly solubleln water, are read
ily soluble In alcohol. They Impart
to their solutions an intensely bittei
taste. The "beta" resin is colorless,
while the alpha is of a beautiful
golden yellow color. When In solu
tion both act as weak acids toward
alkalies and for this reason they are
often termed the "hop-bitter acids."
They also possess certain definite an
tiseptic properties.
Hops have long been assumed to
contain an alkaloid. A German chem
ist several years ago succeeded In
Isolating a substance giving the gen
eral reaction of an alkaloid. Subse
quent Investigators repeated this In
vestigation with negative results. Re
cently, however, an alkaloid has been
Isolated which is said to closely re
semble morphine In its properties.
Practically nothing of a real definite
nature is known regarding this sub
stance and It Is evidently present in
very small quantity.
A tannin, is present in the bracts
and stems of the hop cone which can
be extracted with hot water. When
Isolated it is a reddish brown powder
possessing an astringent taste. What
the actual value of the hop tannin Is
in the commercial uses of the hop Is
still an open question.
The preceding review is simply a
brief summary of the chemistry ot
the hop as obtained from a study of
the literature on the subject. There
is much regarding the chemical com
position of the hop which is -still in
doubt and it affords a fruitful field
to the agricultural chemist for fur
ther Investigation. When the exact
nature and value of the different con
stituents have been demonstrated by
scientific means, then we will be
better able to judge the real value of
the hop and also suggest methods tor
Improvement in its. culture.
WILL SAVE STATE MORE MONEY.
Corvallis Prediction is made by
Prof. E. L. Potter of the animal hus
bandry department of the Oregon
Agricultural College, who is also sec
retary of the new state stallion li
cense board, that the operation of the
new stallion law will save the horse
men of the state many thousands of
dollars.
"If we had had the law before it
would have saved some $10,000 or
$15,000 to the horsemen of the state
on the price of animals sold them a3
pure-bred under bogus certificates,"
said Professor Potter recently, dis
cussing the results to be expected.
"It Is probable that $1000 more was
paid apiece for the dozen stallions
with unsatisfactory pedigrees for
whom we have received requests for
licenses, than if a true statement of
their breeding had been given at time
of sale.
"We have thus far had applications
from about 400 stallion owners, which
is probably not much over half tha
number of stallions owned at present
in Oregon. The greater number have
come from Wallowa county, though
many have come in. from Marion,
Douglas, Baker, and other parts ot
tne state. We take these applica
tions as an evidence of good faith oa
the part of the breeders, and they
will not, of course, be prevented from"
using their stallions between the fil
ing of the application and the issu
ance of the license. The heavy cor
respondence regarding applications,
and the work of classifying and fil
ing them, occupies us at present, but
when that is done we will begin issu
ing the licenses. .
"Besides correcting the present
practice of some horsemen of selling
and using stallions having bogus pedi
grees, the new law will do much to
raise the standard of soundness, anl
thus improve the stock of the future.
The future saving to horsemen of
Oregon on these two points will be
more than the entire cost of inspec
tion and registration, to say nothing
of the prevention of the use of stal
lions as 'sound,' which have diseases
or constitutional weaknesses liable
to affect the offspring."
SAVE YOUR RADISHES AND
ONIONS.
Corvallis "Carbolic acid emul
sion is used to destroy the eggs
and young maggots which infest
radishes, onions and similar garden
crops, and occasionally for other in
sects," is a statement of H. F. Wil
son, entomologist at the Oregon Agri
cultural College, who is about to pub
lish a- useful bulletin on the protec
tion of the garden from pests.
"To make such an emulsion, dis
solve a pound of hard soap in a gal
lon of boiling water, add a pint of
crude carbolic acid, and churn (pre
ferably with a handpump) until the
mixture is a creamy white. This
forms a stock which may be diluted
by adding thirty times as much water
as stock. It should be applied to the
surface of the ground about the
plants."
FASHION HINTS
This suit of dark blue soft-finished
serge has all the newest touches with
out being tryingly extreme. The coat
is short without being "bobby," ar.d
the skirt is narrow, though far from
suggesting the "hobble"