Lincoln County leader., May 13, 1910, Image 6

GERMS IN ICE CREAM
Number of Microbe in Dish of
the Confection Exceed Two
Billion.
FOUND BY PROFESSOR BILLINGS
As the Age of the Delicacy Increases
the More Bugs One Get for
His Money.
When one purchases a dish of ice
cream he buys, in addition to. the
cream, 2,522,656,000 germs and he
eats that number when he consumes'
the ice cream, says the New York
correspondent of the Cincinnati En
quirer. That Is the number of mic
robes found by Prof. F. II. Billings of
the Kansas University, bacteriological
laboratories, in ten cents worth of
fresh ice cream. Prof. Billings has
been conducting experiments in
germs in ice cream for six months,
and his conclusions are that there are
never fewer than 2,500,000,000 kicking
squirming microbes in the average
dish of real fresh ice cream that
'which is not more than a day old.
As the age of the cream increases
the more bugs one gets for the same
money. The smallest number of mic
robes found in ice cream three days
old was 3,941,666,666. These figures
are for the cleanest, purest and best
of ice cream that Prof. Billings could
buy. The number of microscopic or
ganisms in cream prepared unfler
none too strict sanitary conditions is
very much greater than these figures
show. The university has just sent
out a bulletin on the" subject of germs
in ice cream. This says in part:
"Cold is unquestionably unfavor
able to the activity of the germs, but
the experiments showed that germs
are the most resistant to extremes of
temperature of all known organisms.
Often one thinks nothing of using ice
from a river when one would not
think of drinking the water from the
same stream. The process of freezing
removes some of the germs, but others
will live in the ice all summer and
have their activity restored when they
are put into a pitcher with the ice to
make a cooling drink.
"The experiments proved that germs
Increased in number in stored ice
cream. A sample of fresh ice cream
tested 16,000,000 germs to the cubic
centimeter. After three 'days' storage
in a frozen state the number of germs
in the same sample had gone up to
25,000,000 to each cubic centimeter.
"Tuberculosis germs have lived for
forty-five days in the laboratories
when they were kept at a temperature
of 845 degrees below freezing. The
germs lost none of their vitality or
virulence in that time. Other germs
have stood equally severe tests with
out Injury.
"Cold cannot be depended upon as a
germ exterminator, but the winter ts
a bad time for the microbes. They
have fewer opportunities to get in
their deadly work. The cold weather
renders the germs less active and they
are not so harmful. Sufficient use of
Ice during the summer months will
stop the ravages of the germs in warm
weather. It is impossible to And milk
that is free from germs. Some milk
has many millions fewer germs than
other milk, depending upon the sani
tary conditions of the dairy and how
the milk is handled. The fifth germs
kill many bottle-fed infants, and In
fant mortality is most prevalent In
warm weather, when the germs are
most active. Keeping the milk cold
in warm weather does not reduce the.
number, in fact, it increases the num
ber, but it makes the germs less active
nnd hence less harmful."
40,000,000 acres. Of this great amount
less than 1 per cent is under private
ownership.
Most of these woods, which have no
equal in richness of color, durability,
brilliance of polish and size of tim
bers, are difficult to transport by
water. Their texture is so close and
their specific gravity so great that they
quickly sink. '
Their weight averages about seventy
five pounds to the cubic foot; height,
from 60 to 100 feet, their natural an
nual growth being estimated by the
Insular government at 1,400,000,000
cubic feet, nearly all of which is now
going to waste. In 1904 the bureau of
forestry had record of some 396 dif
ferent species; now the list has in
creased to 665, the species being well
mixed.
The City of Manila has a perfect
system of canals running In all direc
tions. These canals are extremely val
uable to business houses having their
warehouse and go-downs along their
banks.' Cargoes are taken from the
ships In tho bay and transferred by
lighter over these streams and the
goods landed in storehouses, ofttimes
far back from the bay shore In thi
heart of the city.
The city recently appropriated a
large sura to extend, dredge out and
deepen and to wall up this valuable
system. Persons are often transport
ed from their homes into the shopping
district by water, the covered bancas
resembling the gondolas of inundated
Yuiiiie. CSuiall motor buils will erect
ually carry passengers and low barges
over these canals.
There is sufficient idle water power
in the unharnessed mountain streams
and falls in the islands to turn every
wheel used in manufacture in the
archipelago. Several of these falls are
located near Manila, and plans are
already on foot to utilize their energy.
There is scarcely a province which
has not from one to a dozen big water
falls, nearly all of which will some
day be valuable to man in more ways
than one.
PHILIPPINE OPPORTUNITIES.
Future of the Lumber Industry
Manila's Pine Waterways.
The United States government for
several years has been at an enormous
annual expense In coaling In Japan
the transpacific transports, war vessels
and interisland fleets pertaining to the
Philippine service, Cnssler's Magazine
eays. Recently, however, the rich
coal fields in Baton, Rappu-Rappu and
Cararay islands, in the Quit of Albay,
have been placed in operation.
Lately President Taft ordered that
Mango and Nagtagan islands be added
to the government reservation com'
posed of Batan and adjacent islands.
These islands, all situated closely to
gether, though small, are nevertheless
rich in a very fine grade of coal, the
amount of which, it is known, will
supply all needs for many years to
come.
There lies ahead of the hardwood
and furniture Industries of the Philip
pines a splendid future. The islands
possess the most beautiful woods in
the world and they are reaching their
development just at a time when the
world is looking for hardwoods. The
timber is not located in thick stands,
but is well scattered, coverlrg, it has
been estimated, an area aggregating
SKYSCRAPERS FOB ENGLAND.
Towering- Flats to Be Erected la
London's Ancient Resort. ,
Possibly no spot equally close to
London has maintained its old-world
excluslveness to such an extent as
Richmond, but there are signs that it,
in Its turn, is giving way to the march
Of modernity. A group of American
capitalist's is having prepared plans
for the erection of a towering pile ol
flats, in one single edifice, on the sum
mit of the hill, the Boston Transcript
says.
The site selected, which has been In
the market for some years, is that ol
Ancaster House, a Georgian mansion
of considerable interest and an old-
time hunting box of the duke of An
caster, situated opposite the Star and
Garter hotel and adjoining the park
gates. The crown, on enfranchising
the estate from copyhold, stipulated
that buildings over a certain height
should be set back fifty feet from the
park, but outside that distance there
is no height limit, and the proposed
structure, nearly 400 feet In length oi
the park frontage, would enjoy un
paralleled views hoth over that do
main and the world-famed Richmond
hill scenery.
The general idea is that the archi
tecture shall approximate to and fol
low the leading features of well known
lofty edifices in New York, and be
fitted with appliances for luxury and
domestic economy quite novel to this
country. Thpr Is nothina: of this
character at present in England, and'
the promoters say that should the
scheme be carried out Richmond will
at all events benefit, as its vast nat
ural beauties have not sufficed to save
it from a lack of material prosperity
which has been creeping over it for
some years past. Lovers of natural
beauty, however, may have something
to say.
Ancaster House was given to Sir
Lionel Darell by George III., who used
to make a stay there every week. More
recently It was the residence of Sir
Francis Burdett.
Mons. P. Bordas informs the French
Academy of Sciences that very remark
able effects upon the color, and conse
quently the value, of germs of the
crystallized alumina variety may be
produced by heat. Exposure to a tem
perature of 672 degrees Fahrenheit,
maintained for a long time, causes the
yellow color of Oriental topaz and of
artificial yellow corundum to disap
pear. The rare gem known as the Ori
ental emerald may be produced by sub
jecting a sapphire-blue stone to the
temperature above mentioned. On the
other hand, according to Bordas' ex
periments, the cathode rays have no
effect upon the color of these stones.
An explanation' of the manner in
which a soft steel disk revolving at
a high velocity cuts hard steel has re
cently been sought with the aid of
microscopic inspection. The result cor
roborates the view hitherto held that
the material acted upon is heated at
the plajce of contact to the fusing
point, and then brushed away. The
high temperature appears to be con
fined very narrowly to the point of
contact, so that a thin gash Is cut.
The temperature of the revolving disk
does not rise so high, because of the
large surface area of the disk. The
part of the ' disk in contact is con
tinually changing, while the frlctional
energy Is concentrated on a very small
area of the material subjected to its ac
tion. Notwithstanding the frauds recent
ly practiced with regard to the mak
ing of diamonds by artificial processes,'
the possibility of thus producing these
precious gems exists, and has fre
quently been demonstrated since the
Initial success of Professor Moissan.
Sir William Crookes recently delighted
an audience at the Royal Institution
by showing the process of making ar
tificial diamonds from parbon dissolved
in liquid Iron. The essentials are very
high temperature, very high pressure,
and pure Iron as a solvent. The dia
monds produced are only of micro
scopic size, but they possess all the
properties of nature's own product,
and when they are magnified about AO
diameters with a microscope some of
them present quite a formidable ap
pearance. In shape they recall tha
famous Culllnan diamond, the largest
known in the world.
Knowledg-e That la Power.
The world is full of people who
knowa great deal but cannot use their
knowledge. They are welghtfd down
with unavailable facts and theories,
says Orison Swett Marsden in Suc
cess Magazine. You have often met
people who seem to knpw much, who
are so encyclopedic In their greedy ab
sorption of facts, that their general
knowledge is like an enormous pack
on a soldier's back, .which exhausts
his vitality and impedes his march.
It makes them heavy of foot and clum
sy in everything they do. They Im
press you as not being large enough
to swing their loads and carry them
with ease. They are like children
tugging away at great pieces of furni
ture which they can scarcely lift.
It is not the ability, the education,
the knowledge that one has that makes
the difference between men. The mere
possession of knowledge is not always
the possession of power; knowledge
which has not been digested and as
similated and become a part of your
self, knowledge which cannot swing
Into line in an emergency, is of little
use, and will not save you at a critical
moment. ' '
To be effective, a man's education
must become a part of himself, as he
goes along. All of it must be worked
up into power. A little practical edu
cation that has become a part of one's
being and is always available will ac
complish more in the world than
knowledge far more extensive that
cannot be utilized.
THE SALVATION AEMY A3CT) WHAT IT HAS ACCOMPLISHED.
Driven by Hung-er to Desperation,
Mrs. a Mode had just returned home
from the country, to discover her pre
viously well-stocked wardrobe empty.
"Good gracious, Herbert," she cried to
her husband, "where are all my
clothes? And what in the world Is
that big black patch out on the lawn?"
"Nelly," he replied mournfully, "after
I had starved for two whole days, you
wrote me that the kev of the pantry
was In the pocket of you- bolero. Well,
I don't know a bolero from a box-
plaited ruffle, and I was desperate, so
I took all the things out on the Jawn
and burned them. Then I found the
key among the ashes." Success Magazine.
' Advice to a Troth Teller.
Washington had just said he couldn't
tell a lie.
"In that case, George," continued
his father, "never engage in any of the
food industries. Folks will find out
who gets the profits."
Heeding his advice, he chose a mili
tary career. New York Sun.
A Win Teacher,
"You seem to have gotten your boys
interested in mythology very nicely."
"Yes; I explained to them that Her
cules held a championship." Louis
ville Courier-Journal
Two men may live together in peace
and friendship, but two women never.
A Brlo-ht Idea.
Yeast It is said that the baya biro
of India spends his spare time catch
ing fireflies, which he fastens to the
sides of his nest with moist clay. On
a dark night a baya's nest glows like
an electric street lamp.
Crim8onbeak Say, there's a bright
idea for decorating that keyhole in my
front door. Yonkers Statesman.
Explained.
Dentist Why, I Just put that bridge
work in last week. What happened
to it?
Woman I quarreled with my hus
band and while indulging in a torrent
of invective the flood of words car
ried out all the bridges. Kansas City
Times.
An optimist is a person who invests
in a gold brick every time the oppor
tunity presents Itself.
Don't be crazy to do a lot of things
you can't do
THE ARMY ON THE MARCH.
The Salvation Army was born in 18C5. It has something to show for
the elevation of the downtrodden, One of its champions says:
"The Salvation Army flag la flying in fifty-five countries. It has no less
than 7,500 societies and, excepting in heathen countries, is self-supporting.
The Salvationists hold services in thirty-two languages and are led by 15,
000 officers, assisted by 50,000 local officers, men and women, who earn their
living by the sweat of their brows and give their time and money and work
to the cause. In its advocacy twenty-live newspapers are published in seven
teen languages. There are 17,000 bandsmen who play sacred music without
pay. In Great Britain these bands march 64,000 miles a week to attract
men and women to the cross. Over 200,000 hungry and wretched creatures
are fed by Its instrumentality. No man, woman or child who has fallen
on the highways of life and very slippery these highways are and reaches
out a hand and says: T want to get up again and want to lead an honest,
industrious life, to every such person there should go out another hand
to lift him up. We have many other branches of work. In all we have
120 different departments or plans for benefiting people, and the number is
Increasing constantly. -
"Now, what are you doing to lift up the people who are down? the
poor, the drunkard, the sinful, the hungry, and the poor lassies who have
gone over the line and who are in the worst hell this aide of the river?
What are you doing for them ail? Do you think it is my special work;
ihat you have no part in it? Will you help me? Will you help the Salva
tion Army? Will you help with your sympathy and prayer? You may say:
"We have our churches and missions to maintain.' What a pitiful condi
tion your city would be in if you did not have. When you have done all
this there will be something left for the Salvation Army. The Salvation
Army is no longer an experiment. It has passed out of the area of specula
tion. It Is an accomplished fact"
SAVES TRAINER'S LIFE.
At New York the sharp teeth and
laws of Clayton, a leopard, nearly cost
:he life of Mrs. Pauline Russelle, his
rainer, but the length and strength
f his tail saved her. Clayton would
lot., perform. Mrs. Russelle prodded
iim with an iron bar and called to hor
issistant for aid. In the instant of
turning her head to call, the leopard
eaped. He bore the woman to the
?round and stood over her, growling
ind lashing his tall. It was then that
;he quick-witted assistant, reaching in
o the cage, grabbed Clayton's tail, took
I double hitch around the bars of the
;age with it, and rescued Mrs. Rus-elle.
NIGHT TOLLERS IN BANKS.
lome Money Repositories Work Cler
ical Forcea Continuously.
Four big banks in the Wall street
llstrict resemble the great gold mines
jf the West in one striking feature,
Harper's Weekly says. They have
three eight-hour shifts of toilers, and
the 'work never stops. One set takes
up the routine where the other leaves
Dff. All night long, Sundays and holi
days, a staff of men in each of these
banks is busy opening thousands of
letters, sorting and listing innumera
ble checks and drafts that represent
fabulous sums of money and getting
them ready for the day force, which la
the only one the public comes in con
tact with or ever hears about. If this
work was not carried on incessantly
the banks would soon be overwhelmed
with a mountainous accumulation of
Jetall.
Two shifts the "scouting force," as
they call themselves work between 6
In the afternoon and 9 the next morn
ing. Each bank has a big drawer In
the general postofflce. Messengers
clear this of its letters every hour all
night long. Three thousand letters a
day Is the average mall of one of these
large banks. Two-thirds of it comes in
during the night. These letters, In
the case of one of the biggest of these
banks, contain from 35,000 to 40,000
checks and drafts. At times these in
closures represent as much as 30,-
000,000. Rarely does the total fall be
low $20,000,000.
The letters are opened as fast
they are received, tha checks are count
ed and the totals verified with the
footings of the lists. The' letters are
then stamped, which shows that they
have been "proved in," as the banks
call it. After that they are turned
over to the clerks, who send out the
formal acnowledgments of the remit
tances they contain. The various
checks are assorted according to the
numbers of the books in which they
are to be entered and otherwise; tho
sight drafts are grouped according to
the routes of the bank's messengers
and all is made ready for turning tho
night's -accumulation over to the day
force, so it may be handled by it as
expeditiously as possible.
Each of these shifts of nleht work
ers at the banks consists of from
twelve to twenty men. . Some bunba
get along with but one extra set of
ciems at night These come nn Aniv
at midnight and leave at 8 a. m. Thia
plan or working all nleht lone In r.
der to keep up with the tremendous
amount of business that comes in by
man was inaugurated about five veara
ago. The first bank that tried it found
that so much valuable daytime was
saved that one Institution after nn.
omer took it up, until now there ara
iour mat nave, tnese three eight-hour
shifts of clerks, and several more who
work only a part of the night.
A Calamity.
A noted judge was examinlne a
candidate for admission to the bar.
All the questions had been satisfactor
ily, answered and the lawyer-to-be had
passea so brilliantly that the 1ude
decided to put a simple question to
terminate the ordeal. Gazins benlen-
ly at the young man, he asked:'
"What Is the liability of a com
mon carrier?
"Although lawyers the world over
and from time Immemorial have
wrestled with this Droblem. thnntrh
millions of words have been taken into
the record of various cases in which
this unanswerable question was In
volved, the fledKlne calmlv evprl tha
judge and at last solemnly replied:
xour nonor, I must beg you to
withdraw that question. I did kno'v
the answer, but unfortunately I have
forgotten. .
"For a minute the Judge eyed the
young man, then turning to the law
yers who were grouped, around him,
remarked:
"'Gentlemen, this Is a sad case in
fact, a calamity. The only living
man who ever knew the liability of a
common carrier has forgotten.' M
Never Failed to Do So.
He You should always speak well
of your neighbor, you know.
She I always do, though I can as
sure you this Is the meanest woman in
creation. Boston Transcript
Flirtation Is attention without Intention.