Lincoln County leader., July 10, 1908, Image 2

LINCOLN GGUNTT LEADER
It C COLLINS. tur
r N HAYDEN. Muu
TOLEDO. OREGON
Trom a literary point or view it Is
t great pity that Victor Hugo never
law an American tornado.
rerhaps Mrs. Alfred Gwynne Van
derbllt doesn't like a husband who
comes In every night smelling horsy.
You can't always tell. Sometimes a
man who boosts that he never worries
Is being supported by bis wife or her
Relatives.
The Cornell co-ed who won the col
lege oratorical prize spoke on "Men,
Women and Human Beings." This
hits the most of us.
According to the Atlanta Georgian,
TOO churches hiive been found with In
adequate Are escapes. Still, that may
not be the reason why so many men
stay away from the services.
The discovery that that "tired feel
ing" Is hereditary leaves very little that
has not been charged up to our dead
and gone ancestors who have no chance
to say a word In self-defense.
Mr. Bryan predicts that Ireland will
regain her freedom. The London
Times will at once decide that Emper
or William has been egging Mr. Bryan
on to try to make trouble for England.
The mandate having Issued that
women must wear flower hats this
year, the lady milliners will now show
Dame Nature a few of the opportuni
ties she overlooked in creating the
floral kingdom.
A number of young men in Kentucky
have formed a club to abjure smoking,
swearing, chewing and drinking. If,
in addition, they cut out night riding,
they mny become models for their fel
low citizens.
"Uncle Sam's armada is a success,"
says the St. Louis Globe-Democrat,
"and all the more because its mission
is friendly to all other nations." Sure.
Also becaime Its target practice at Mtig
dalena Bay shows how we behave when
we get angry.
It Is alleged that the Illinois Central
Railroad Company hns cheated the
State of Illinois out of $15,000,000. If
( the charge is true the outrage can nev
er be forgiven. Illinois might with
that money linve bought dukes for five
or sis of her daughters.
' So many persons have patronized the
free public library In the Jewish dis
trict of Brooklyn, New York, that work
on the new building for it has been
stopped, and architects are drawing
plains for a much larger building than
was originally designed. On Wash
ington's birthday when the nen have o
holiday, the temporary library was
crowded all day, and a waiting line
was formed outside. So long as immi
grants are so eager for learning as this
Indicates, they will not endanger
American Institutions.
News Items from various parts of
the country must lend the uiougutful
parent to wonder what has become of
the sort of dlsclplne he was used to In
his own youth. Because of the exclu
sion of a student from a theater In a
Western town, the other students ot
the State university wrecked the place
of amusement, and defied both ponce
and faculty. A few days later the
students of the New York University
organized a strike because a member
of one of the upper classes was sus
pended for ducking a freshman. About
the samo time ton students of a Massa
chusetts high school defied the school
committee by holding an, entertainment
which they had beeu expressly forbid
den to hold. The interest of parents
in such acts lies In the fact that no
organized rebellion of this sort can
succeed without either the open or .je
tacit approval of the parents. Those
who have the real welfare of their
sons and daughters at heart will ask
themselves whether it is wise to en
courage the tendency to revolt against
law and order whenever It conflicts
with personal desire.
Juliet's contemptuous exclamation,
"What's In a name?" does not apply to
the Christian name of the new baby.
The family councils over the choice of
It may well be serious ones. Eccen
tricity must be avoided. Whoever will
"make up" a name should remember
the tribulations of Rose Terry Cooke's
little hero, who was named "Amandar"
by his grief-stricken father, in an at
tempt to enhrtne the memory of the
boy's dead mother, Amanda. The Bible
Is no longer the one safe source from
which names may be drawn. David
and John and Mary and Benjamin and
Anna have still a firm hold on the
memory and the Imagination of good
folk the world over. But the mother
Who should to-day name her daughter
Keren-happuch or Keturah, or ner son
Bezaleel ,or Merodaeh-Baladan, would
be a strange survival of the taste of
former times. The romantic names of
the eighteenth century have fortunate
ly gone out of use. But the old-fashioned
ones suggestive of virtues still
remain Inspiring. Constance and Hope
and Ernest, and even Faith and Pa
tience, sound a call to noble living. If
the wisest negative counsel in regard
to the baby's name is that it shall not
be eccentric, perhaps the best positive
advice is that the generation of to-day
shall, so far as may be, give to their
children the family names worthily
borne by the men and women of yester
day. A respected name gathers about
it unnumbered associations. "Grand
mother was the best woman I ever
knew," said a young mother to her
husband. "I want baby named after
her, and then we will try to pass on
grandmother's virtues in another wom
an, as well as on a tombstone."
It was said of the ancient Jews that
one generation stoned the prophets
and the next generation built monu
ments in their memory. Something
like this might be said of the American
people and their forests. The last gen
eration wantonly wasted and almost
destroyed the virgin forests of the
country, and the present generation
atones for It by trying to replace them.
At one time it really looked as If these
forests were so extensive that defor
estation was impossible. But the time
has already come when white pine and
the hard woods have almost disappear
ed and when the barreu hillsides, In
stead of absorbing and holding the
rains, have turned the water courses
into alternate floods and dry beds,
thereby destroying the water power and
inflicting loss Instead of producing
wealth. Almost every newspaper and
magazine that Is now Issued contains
an alarming article or item In regard
to the mined forests. The best the
present generation can do Is to check
deforestation and plant more trees.
Happily both the United States govern
ment and many of the State govern
ments are now doing all they can to ac
complish these ends. In 1895 the Leg
islature of Illinois enacted the follow
ing law : "The Governor shall annual
ly, in the spring, designate by official
proclamation a day to be designated
'Arbor Day, to be observed through
out the State as a day for planting
trees, shrubs and vines about the homes
and along highways and about public
grounds within this State, thus contrib
uting to the wealth, comforts and at
tractions of our State." This law,
albeit it does not appear to have been
drafted by any professor of English
literature, Is one of the most salutary
statutes in the State code. Froni the
day when it was instituted, Arbor Day
has been duly observed, and with great
enthusiasm. Tree planting Is an act of
philanthropy. For the man who plant9
a tree hardly expects to enjoy the ben
efit of it Ills thought is, or should be,
that almost every good thing that he
enjoys Is the result of the labors and
forethought of previous generations,
and that, therefore, the least he can do
is to provide In some little wav for the
generation that is to follow him. The
cynic who says, "Posterity never did
anything for me and I do not mean to
do anything for posterity" ought to be
made to feel mean.
, SHOOTING WITH MORTARS.
Hitting tho Target la Blmpl?
Matter of Mathematics.
How do wo hit with the mortars?
An observer near the shore who sees
the target communicates the horizontal
and vertical angle at which to lay the
mortar and the Instant of tinio at
which to Are, and the gun does the
rest If you were standing at the cen
ter of a large clock dial laid flat on the
ground and wanted to hit with a base
ball a man walking around on the out
side, you would notice how long It took
the man to get from I to II and again
from II to III. Then you would de
cide whether if the ball were thrown
over a point halfway between IIII and
v just as he arrived opposite IIII the
man and the ball would reach the same
spot at the same time, It being under
stood, of course, that he maintained
uniform speed and direction and that
the ball was thrown with proper force.
Instruments give us the range and ob
servations, and mechanical devices
give us the range differences, increas
ing or decreasing by certain short in.
tervals of time, too short for a ship of
any size to escape by attemntlnr to
change direction or speed. Our observ
er's circle has 80,000 divisions. Cap
tain Howell in Scientific American.
GlTlna- Slater Away.
Little Kitty (entertaining him)
Mlntle thinks a lot of you, Mr. Wellon.
Elderly Suitor Does she, dearie?
How do you know?
Little Kitty She says you'll be the
darllngest old meal ticket that ever
happened. Chicago Tribune.
Think three times before you speak
then you may decide to keep your
face closed.
Some people seem to make a special
ty ot thinking second-hand thoughts.
AMERICA IS RICHEST
AMONG THE NATIONS
William E. Curtis Says Croesus
Was Pauper Beside Our
Uncle Sam.
PIGUEES SHOW BIO GROWTH.
Per Capita Wealth in 1870 Was
$779.83; in 1907 It Was
$1,310.11.
As a rule, the average newspaper
reader does not like statistics, but here
are some figures that everybody should
read, because they mean so much. They
measure our greatness as a nation and
our prosperity as a people, and al
though they are so stupendous that the
human mind almost refuses to compre
hend them, they carry a lesson that ev
ery citizen and every school boy should
learn. Uncle Sam Is richer than any
other nation that exists or ever has
existed. Croesus, King of Lydla, whosa
name has been a synonym for wealth
for ages, was a pauper compared to
him.
From the reports of the bureau of
statistics, the census bureau, the Treas
ury and Agricultural Department Wil
liam E. Curtis, the Washington corre
spodent, has compiled a few significant
figures showing the material develop
ment of the United States within the
last thirty-seven years. He has select
ed the year 1870 as a basis of comnnrl-
eon, because that was the beginning of
a new era In American commerce and
industry that followed the Civil War.
Although the panic of '73 arrested the
growth of the country for a time, the
present period of development began
then.
The population of the country in 1870
was 38,558,371, or 12.74 to the square
mile; the population on the 30th of June,
1907, according to the estimates of the
census bureau, was 85,503,303, or 28.28
per square mile.
The tangible wealth of the country, the
true valuation of real ami nprsnnnl nl-nr,-
erty, according to the census of 1S70, wns
$30,008,518,000, while in 1907 it Is esti
mated at more than three times that
amount, or $107,104,211,917. '
As far back as 1850 the per capita
wraith of the United States was esti
mated at $307.00. In 1S70 it had more
than doubled and was estimated at
$779.83. In 1007 it had almost dnuhlnl
again, and has reached the sum of $1,
310.11 per capita, which proves that we
are the richest people that ever existed.
In other words, if the real and personal
property belonging to the inhabitants of
the United States could be equally dis
tributed anions them, each man, woman
and child living on the 30th of June last
vould have been entitled to $1,310.11.
In 1870 the deposits in national banks
for the whole United States amounted to
$542,201,503, while on the 30th of Sep
tember last they were $4,322,880,141.
In 1870 the deposits in savings banks
were $549,874,358, while on the 30th of
September, 1907, they were $3,090,073.
045. J
Taking the two together and including
all the banks national. State, private
and savings the deposits have increased
eightfold during the last thirty-seven
years from $1,002,135,921 in 1870 to
$8,023,288,880 in 1907.
The bank clearings for the entire coun
try are not given for 1870. The earliest
available figures are for 1890, when the
total for the United States was $58,845,
279,505, which has increased to $157,
749,328,913 for the last fiscal year.
The national bank circulation in 1870
was .$288,048,081, while on Dec. 14 last
it was $075,231,305.
In 1870 we had only $25,000,000 silver
and gold coin. To-day we have $1,233,
705,809, of which $750,GG5,809 Is gold
and the remainder Bilver.
The Interest-bearing debt of the United
States has been reduced from $2,046,455,
722, or $00.40 per capita of population,
in 1870 to $809,003,010, or $10.20 per
capita, in 1907. The annual interest
charges on the public debt have been re
duced from $118,784,9G0, or $3 per cap
ita of population, to $21,628,914, or 25
cents per capita of population.
Notwithstanding the reductions in war
taxes since 1870, the ordinary revenues
of the government have increased from
$395,959,834 in that year to $003,140,434
in 1907, and the ordinary expenditures
have increased from $104,421,507 to
$554,422,589. This does not include the
receipts or expenses of the postal service,
which is almost self-sustaining. Last
year the receipts from postage were $183,
585,005 and the expenses $191,214,387,
leaving a deficit of $7,020,387 to be paid
out of the treasury.
The total revenues of the government
in 1907 were $840,725,339 and the total
expenses $819,840,150.
, The increase in the pension roll has
been enormous. The total in 1870 was
$28,340,202, and In 1907 it Ib $139,309,
514. The cost of the army in 1870 was
$57,500,075, and in 1907 $122,576,405.
The cost of the navy during the same pe
riod has Increased from $21,780,230 to
$97,128,409.
The imports of merchandise in 1870
amounted to $435,058,408, and our ex
ports were $.192,771,708 that year, while
in 11)07 the Imports were $1,434,421,423
and the exports $1880,851,078. In 1870
the exports per capita of population were
$9.77, and, notwithstanding the enormous
increase in population, the per capita in
1907 was $21.00. -
The foreign commerce of the Unites
States for the calendar year of 1907 has
been larger than in any previous year in
the history of the country, both in im
ports and exports, and our trade with
every grand division of the world is in ex
cess of any previous year. The Imports
during the eleven months ending No. 30
exceeded $1,330,000,000, while the exports
were worth $1,710,000,000. If the in
crease has continued during December th
total of exports will reach nearly two
billions of dollars. The exports for No
vember were the largest for any single
mouth on record and reached $204,444,
000, which was nearly seven millions a
day. Our exports to Europe were $40,
000.000 more than in 1900, when they
were larger than for any other year. Oui
exports to North American countries also
gained $40,000,000. Our exports to South
America gained $7,000,000, to Asia $11,
000,000 and to Porto Rico, the Hawaiian
Islands and the Philippines more than
ten 'millions.
In 1850 there were only 251,354 depos
itors in the savings banks of the United
States; in 1870 this number had increas
ed to 1,030,840. . One person in every
thirty of the population was depositing
his or her savings where they would draw
interest. To-day 8,588,811 persons, or a'
most exactly 10 per cent of the enf
population of the country, have aecoui.
in savings banks an average of one in
every ten men, women and children in
the United States.
The internal commerce for the yea;
was greater than ever before. On the
Great Lakes and on the railroads the
movement of natural products was beyond
all comparison. There was a gain of 13
per cent in the amount of iron 'ore ship
ped, a gain ot 25 per cent in coal and a
similar gain in corn, wheat, live stock and
every other important article, while the
freight charges averaged lower than for
any previous year.
The increase in exports occurs chiefly
in manufactured articles. The figures of
agricultural exports remain about the
same as in 1900, when they were the
largest on record.
The government treasury was never in
better shape. The report of the United
States treasurer for June 30, 1870, show
ed an available cash balance of $150,090,
000 in the treasury at Washington ; the
report for December 14, 1907, shows an
availafile cash balance of $259,702,300.
without counting $240,284,455 deposited
in national banks and subject to the call
of the department. This makes a total
available balance of $500,040,764.
Secretary, Wilson in his recent annual
report showed us that the crops of the
farmers of the United States for the year
1907 was beyond all comparison and had
a farm value of $7,412,000,000 an in
crease of 57 per cent m eight years.
In 1870 the value of the farm animals
in the United States was $1,554,900,149;
in 1907 they are worth $4,423,097,853.
In 1870 our farmers had 25,484,100
neat cattle ; in 1907 they have 72,533,996.
In 1870 they had 8,248,800 horses; in
1907 they have 19,740,583.
In 1870 the wool clip was 152,000,000
pounds; in 1907 it was 298,015,130
pounds.
The wheat crop in 1870 was 233,884,
700 bushels; in 1907 it was 735,200,970
bushels.
The corn crop in 1870 was 1,094,255,-
000 bushels; in 1907 it was 2,927,410,-
001 bushels.
In 1870 the cotton crop was 3,114,952
bales; in 1907 it was 13,510,982 bales.
The cotton mills of the United States
consumed 857,000 bales of cotton in 1870
and 4,027,000 bales in 1907.
In 1870 we exported 058,558,523
pounds of cotton; in 1907 we exported
4,518,217,220 pounds.
The production of gold in 1870 was
$30,000,000; in 1907 it was $90,000,000.
In 1870 the production of silver was
$10,334,000; in 1907 it was $37,042,900.
In 1870 we produced 220,951,290 tons
of coal; in 1907 we produced 5,312,745,-
312 tons. '-
In 1870 we produced 1.055,179 tons of
pig iron ; in 1007 we produced 25,307,191
tons.
In 1870 our furnaces had an output of
only 08,750 tens of steel ; in 1907 the out
put was 20,023,947 tons.
In 1870 we operated 52,922 miles oi
railroad ; in 1907 we had 222,035 miles in
operation, and carried 815,774,118 pas
sengers and 210.650.795,000 tons oi
freight. The statistics for freight and
passenger traffic do not go back of 1890,
when the railroads of the country carried
520,439,082 passengers and 79,192,085,
125 tons of freight.
The average freight rate per mile in
1890 was 93 cents and in 1007 it was 77
cents per ton.
There were 084,704 tons of shipping on
the great lakes In 1870, which has in
creased to 2,439,741- tons In 1907. Thi
amount of freight passing through tlx
Sault Ste. Marie canal in 1870 was 690,
820 tons; in 1907 the total was 41,098,
324 tons.
In 1870 we had 28,492 postofflces in
the country ; in 1900 we had 70,088. Sinct
that time, by the introduction of rural
free delivery, the number has. been reduc
ed to 62,659.
There is no better thermometer of com
mercial and industrial activity than the
Postoffice Department, for people do not
write letters when they have no businesi
to write about. The receipts of the de
partment in 1870 for postage stampt
amounted to $19,722,222; in 1007 the
had Increased to $167,932,783.
In 1880 there were 4,829 money ordei
offices In the United States. In 1901
there were 37,500. In 1880 7,240,531
domestic money orders were issued ; la
1907 the number was 62,060,783. Thost
issued in 1880 represented a value ot
$100,352,818; those issued in 1907 repre
soDted value of $470,050,342.
3S
The statement that radium loses ac
tivity on beating has been tested by
lLr. II. W. Schmidt, who fiuds that at
1 1300 degrees C. its effects are exactly
as at ordinary temperature.
The making of false gems and the
doctoring of others which are real, but
i slightly blemished, has become a pro
fession, so widespread that In some
countries tne workers oi entire towns
do nothing else, says Popular Mechan
ics, which goes on to explain how ru
bles and pink topaz are manufactured.
Surrounded by an immense wall of
Ice 8 to 10 feet thick, a fire in a five
story building In Troy, N. Y., filled with
bales of cotton waste, defied the efforts
of the Fire Department to extinguish
It for seventy-eight days, and on the
last day took a combined forec of fif
teen streams of water to quench the
flames.
Plans have often been made, says
Cassler's Magazine, to develop the pow
er of the tides, but in most cases these
have failed of commercial success. Now
however, a project is well advanced to
harness the power of the tides on the
coast of Maine. A company has bond
ed land on either side of Buck Bay, in
Portland, where it is anticipated a ti
dal power plant will be located capable
of developing at least 25.000 horse-power,
or enough to run all the electric
cars, lights and engines In the city.
The third report of the gas-engine re
search committee of the Institution of
Mechanical Engineers in London re
cords some experiments which are re
garded as showing that the highest
economy is obtained with comparative
ly low maximum temperature. The
implication Is that gas engines should
I be subjected not only to lower pres
sures, but to lower temperatures. Thus,
It Is said, many difficulties that arise
in large engines where charges of rich
gas are used might be avoided, and
the maximum pressure kept down to
quite reasonable limits. If construct
ed to work only with moderate pres
sures and temperatures, the whole of
the working parts might be very much
lightened.
Osmosis is the passage of a liquid,
or a gas, through a membrane. Some
times medicines are administered in
this way. But how far we are from
understanding the details of this sub
ject as related to the human body Is
indicated by some recent experiments
of Prof. Louis Knhlenberg. All at
tempts to Introduce lithium salts into
the system by absorption through the
skin have failed, and yet the same
salts make their way readily through
the mucous membrane. When the feet
are soaked In a solution of hydrochlo
ric, or sulphuric, acid, an alkaline re
action quickly takes place Internally.
But citric acid refuses to act the same
way, although both of these acids have
a similar effect when taken through the
digestive tract. Sulphuric acid, then,
has quite a different physiological ef
fect when It enters through the skin
Instead of through the mouth. T.lviiur
membranes act differently with regard
to osmosis from dead ones, and the
same membranes which behave alike
with regard to some substances behave
very differently from one another with
"egord to other substances.
Her Pace Spoke for It.elf.
asm
"Yes, my dear, though you'd never
Buspect it, I used to be a reigning
"And why did you abdicate?"
"That is a strange question to ask
me to my face."
A New Profeaaloa.
It Is said that a boy has been placed
in a chimpanzee's cage In the Copen
hagen zoo, In order to entertain that
vwlety loving animal.
This mission of being a Little Broth
er to the Monkey Tribe Is not one that
would appeal to many boys. Cleve
land Plain Dealer.
Even Solomon, with all his wisdom,
never succeeded in handing friendly
tdvlce to a woman.
Race horses and wat-ha .hn.,u
for all they art worth.