- -- f.-jjsAA&.u.t..M. 1 being the (smallest domain of the fire,
JMt. v ''' ' X The Cherokees are the largest nation,
ti ! T !4-.... l o DaahIa ? and prior to the removal to their pres-
t HIP, inn ail lerrilDl YdllU ILMtUUlC X ent.bodedweltInSorthC.rolln.and
- - - -r aniacenr. states. ne Eoveruuieui uai
long been negotiating with these In
dians, and in the year 1835 succeeded
In having a treaty ratified by the tribe
according to which they were to cede
all claims to land east of the Missis
sippi and accept 7,000,000 acres of land
west of this river.
There are now about 30,000 Cherokee
Indians and 4.000 Cherokee "freedmen"
living in that nation who are all mem
bers of the tribe.
The Cherokees do more farming than
THE Indinn Territory was reserv
ed for the red men more than
seventy years ago. Reservations
were nothing new in those days;
the "man of nature" was still numer
ous, and the administration sought to
keep them in colonies on reservations,
to be able to better control them. Again
and again the original hunting grounds
of the Indian were reduced in size, and
the tribes forced to abandon their
homes and settle anew. And why?
Because thousands of immigrants
wanted room for homesteads, the
strides of industry and civilization
were great and fast, and the redskins,
opposed to all this, favored disturb
ances and absolute freedom.
So the government was confronted
with the vexed question of making
some final and amicable settlement, or
treaty, with some of the larger tribes
of Indians which lived in the southern
part of the Union. Virginia. North
Carolina. Alabama, Mississippi all
sought to open the Indian's land to the
plow of the farmer, the ax of the tim
ber cutter, or the spade of the miner.
Congress began legislation on the
matter of removing the Indian from
thte SUtcs to the V.'cst, and present
ed articles of treaty to the different
tribes, which in time and turn were
ratified by the chiefs and councils of
the tribes.
The topography of the Indian Terrl-
Indian have hitherto been but slight.
The "whites" from the adjoining
States, however, have aspired to own
some of these fertile fields; but seeing
that their aspirations were futile, they
leased land at a ridiculously low fig
ure. This practice had been a regular
custom for more than twenty years,
when the government finally took
charge of this matter and made up a
schedule of stipulated rental-fees per
acre. The government now draws up
the lease contracts and sees to It that
the Indian receives due remuneration
for the use of his lands.
All this may lead the reader to ask:
"Who are the inhabitants of the In
dian Territory?" The owners In com
mon are a heterogeneous mass of hu
manityIndians, negroes and "whites,"
aggregating about 85,000 souls. An
additional 400,000 make their homes
within the limits of the Territory,
without a title to the land upon which
they live and Without a voice In the
government by which they are con
trolled. For the administration of
public affairs no uniform system of
government and no code of laws now
exists. The owners, as has been said,
nra Jndlnnq, "whites," nnd negroes.
The latter were slaves of the different
bands prior to the war. and after being
liberated through acts of the Indian
councils, they were adopted by the re
spective tribes as members of the
1 V
win liumtij
wmm
r1
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.
-r-.r-.-ut-.;:.-.
warn
OPENING OF OFFICE FOR SELECTION OF ALLOTMENTS AT MUSKOGEE.
tory is of such a nature that It ac- bands, and now share In their lands
commodates all the desires and cus- and annuities, being called "freed
toms of the different tribes. Those who men." '
favor tilling of the soil find an abund-1 The 400i000 non.cltlzen8 also embrace
ant amount of lund suited to this pur- IndIan8 by blood who through Bome
rv- uo anI tliA ImnfnK niuuf nrwf wanlASt' . .
far In order to replenish his gamebag.
Though the buffalo has been exter
minated, there is no want of other
large or small game. The black bear
still prowls about the dense forests,
while the catamount a kind of moun
tain lion lies In readiness upon the
limbs of trees to leap upon his prey.
Deer are so plentiful that even the
"would-be hunter" can readily procure
a doe, If not the male with Its majestic
antlers. Turkeys, prairie chickens, and
quails are so numerous that they are
easily caught in coop-traps. They are
generally sold alive to the white popu
lation "for a song." All classes of the
finny family abound everywhere.
Portions of the Territory are very
mountainous and afford no opportunity
for farming. The eastern portion con
tains part of the Hoston Mountains,
while the southeastern and southern
sections also have very extensive
inouutaln ranges. The mountains are
rich In different ores, such as Iron,
Elno, copper, platinum, etc. The only
asphalt mines to be found in the Uni
ted States .re In the Indian Territory.
A number of syndicates have persist
ently endeavored to gain control of
them, but the government has "set Its
foot down" on all propositions and
shows no favor to capital. These mines
are operated by private companies un
der the control of the government
Coal, a semi-anthracite variety. It
mined In great abundance.
The timber is semi-tropical and of
many varieties. The wooded regions.
primarily the flint districts, are inhab
ited by many poisonous Insects and
amphibious animals. Rattlesnakes are
so numerous that the Indians pay lit
lie or no attention to them. About
fifty species of lizards are represented
In the Territory, ranging In size from
one to ten luches, some having venom
ous teem. M-orpious cause very se
rious wounds, although their sting Is
senioin fatal. Tarantulas nd centl
pedes attain an enormous size: sneel-
mens of the centipede have been found
which were ten Inches long, each ver
tebral division being as large as a hu
man finger nail.
The crops comprise mainly wheat
and cotton. Although nearly all kinds
of grain and vegetable product, are
cultivated, cotton Is king In the Terrl
tory. Wherever orchard have been
planted, they have exhibited a wonder
ful endurance and have yielded enor
mous crops. Apples, pears, peaches.
apricots and all varieties of berries are
stupendously productive.
Tuo agricultural lucllnatloni of tht
cause have forfeited their rights. They
may have defaulted in their citizenship
by not moving to the Indian Territory
when the treaty was ratified by the
tribe, or by removing after once having
established a home therein, or by re
moving too late to the abode of their
fellow red men. The remainder of the
400,000 people are "whites" and ne
groes, who are squatting on lands with
out a title. All houses and places of
business were erected on lands and
lots, the owner thereof having no title
whatever to the estate save his good
faith that he might at some future time
bo able to secure the land from the
a creek Indian's bome.
March,
April, Ma
any of the other five civilized tribes.
Even before the first treaty was made
UiLU lUCUI. Ill llOO, liicT lutui.uu.j II"
their patch of Indian corn near their
hut, the squaw doing the labor In those
days. Now they also raise cotton. Most
of the work, however, is done by the
African descendants, their labor In
many sections of the nation being as
cheap as the wind.
When Congress created tjje Dawes
Commission, it instructed the same to
make rolls of the members of the Five
Tribes. In order to accomplish this, It
was necessary to take a census of each
of said tribes. When the rolls are com
pleted they will contain names of full-
blood Indians, negMes, and white men.
with every intervening degree of blood.
Some Indians entitled to enrollment
have but one sixty-fourth degree of
Indian blood and show no resemblance
whatever to the red man. In compil
ing these rolls, the commission was
guided to an extent by the old tribal
rolls. Great difficulties confronted it.
however. In the change of names
among the members of all tribes.-
The commission has its headquarters
in the town of Muskogee In the Creek
nation7. When the making of the rolls
began, the great majority of the In
dians, opposed to enrollment, would
not come to the commission. So It de
cided to go to them. The hotel accom
modations In the Interior being Inade
quate the commission purchased the
necessary equipment for Its mainte
nance In the field. Then it advertised
a schedule of Its appointments In the
various towns and villages. By com
ing to the Indians In this way. It conid
Invariably secure the enrollment of the
mtf Y ' ne flt'zcDH of each tribe.
Tbj)cecd Just and fairly In the al
lotment of land In severalty, the gov
ernment ordered an appraisement of
all lands In thtIndlan Territory, so
that each citizen would receive an
equal nmount of dollars worth of land.
In view of appraising the land, the
commission organized and equipped
many field parties. Each party Is com
posed of six appraisers, one clerk, two
Common cider vinegar Is, said to be
an antidote to carbolic acid poisoning.
A flannel cloth wrung out of salt wa
ter is an excellent remedy for simple
sore throat.
Salt and water Is one of the best of
remedies for sore eyes, and If applied
In time will scatter the Inflammation.
An effective remedy for a bone felon
Is an ounce of asafetida steeped in a
pint of hot vinegar, the finger to be
dipped in It frequently.
For vitriol burns cover the parts
burned with a soft, thick paste of cal
cined magnesia and water. This re
lieves the pain very quickly, and there
Is, seldom a scar left after this treat
ment. In an emergency to make a compress
for a wound. If nothing better Is at
hiir.d, clean tissue paper makes an ex
cellent application. It is much to be
preferred to a strip torn from clothing
or a soiled handkerchief, which may be
the only other choice.
To assuage thirst and cure feverish-
ness apple tea is a notable sick drink.
It Is made by slicing up raw apples Into
a jug, filling up the Jug with boiling
water, as in teamakmg, then sweeten
ing to taste. When cold, this apple tea
will be found pleasantly tart and re
freshing.
HIS CLEVER NEPHEW.
There is a best time for w
""j ""'o i time wne.
fting can be done to the W.'
vantage, most easily and most I
fectively. Now is the best ti3
ior puruymg your Dlood. WU
Because your system ia now trvd
to purify it you know this by t?
pimples and other eruptions tu
have come on your, face and bodjl
Hood s Sarsaparilll
' and Pills
Are the medicines to take they i
the work thoroughly and agreeab:
una never iau to ao it.
TT V.n
nuuuo oio mu meuaemes yof
nave aiways ueuru recommended,
'I cannot recommend Rood's Sanapu"
too highly as a spring- medicine. WhetJ
take it In the spring- we all feel betterthretJ
the summer." Mrs. S. H. Nul, McCrayi ft
Hood's Sarsaparllla promises
cure and keeps the promise.
On Riverside Drive.
bhe Myl Look at the carriirf
joing down the bridle path! 1
HeWhy shouldn't they it'll
(redding party. Columbia Jeater.
You an Man Who Was Bet Up in Baal
neia Three Times.
A certain member of the Stock Ex
change has set his nephew up In busi
ness three times, but the young man
lacks something essential to success In
the line selected for him, and has fail
ed with each effort. Recently, when
he came with the fourth request for
financial assistance, the uncle de
murred:
"You must learn to lean on yourself,'
he said. "I can't carry you all your life.
It would be an unklndness In me to
keep supplying you with money to car
ry on enterprises that Invariably end
In assignments. I'll tell you what I'll
do. You owe a great deal as the result
of that last failure. Pitch in on your
own hook nnd go It alone till you can
pay off those debts. Vhen you've done
that I'll give you a check for all they
amount to. Such an experience will ,
do you more good than all the money I
could give you now."
Two months later the nephew walked:
In with every claim receipted In full, ;
nnd the uncle was so delighted that he
gave the promised check.
"Now, that's something like It," he
said, "and I'll wager you feel the better
for the hard training. How did you
manage It, Dick 7"
"Borrowed the money."
Now the old gentleman Is telling them
that there Is the making of a great
financier In that nephew. New
Times.
ABSOLUTE
SECURITY
Genuine
Carter's
Little Liver Kffi
(Must Bear Signature of
fee Facsimile Wrapper Below.
A HUNCH OF CATTLE IN THE CHEEK NATION.
"u "I'""" cienr hup. hum teamsters, and one cook. Two of these
towns of B.OiH) Inhabitants have sprung appraisers are surveyors, ana act In a
ui" '" iuwus uinr uu iiiuuii-i- iiounie capacity. Each party, while
pal government, no municipal water living In one camp, operates 'in two
""Pl'ij. inline or nre protection, imier division, with three annralsera In
Is maintained by United States mar
shals and courts only.
The entire landed estate embrace
over lO.OOO.WK) acres, a territory nearly
equal In extent to the State of Indiana.
Five trlles are the sole owner and
heirs. For three score years they have
been termed The Five Civilized
Tribes." because they have long since
given up their wild and savage ways
nnd have adopted the white man's cus
toms and habits.
The northeastern part of the Terri
tory l occupied by the Cherokee tribe
of Indians; the northwestern portion
by the Creeks or Muskogee Indians.
The Choctaws will Inherit the south
eastern division, while the Chlckaaawi
claim the land directly west of the
Choctaw's claim. The central western
portion Is the SemlnoU Indians' claim,
each, one of them a surveyor,
The Choctaw and Chlckasaws will
receive approximately 000 acres per
capita, the Cherokees 120, and the
Creeks and Semlnoles 100,
The United States- laws prohibit the
sale of firearms and Intoxicating llq
uor within the limits of the Territory,
ThI law Is enforced very rlgldlv.
It may be of Interest to add that the
government has already allotted lands
to seven small tribes In the northeast
ern part or the Cherokee nation. They
are the Quapaw. Teorlas, Ottswaa,
Modocs, Shawnees. Wyandottes and
Senecfls. When the Dawes Commis
sion will have finished Its labors the
tnnai government of five lane tribe.
of Indians will only be a memory of
past nisiory .-k. a. J. Mangelsdorf, In
me iiiuitratea Home Journal.
Tttfy snail and as easy
to take as smgaxw
FOB HEADACHE
FOR DIIZINESS
FOR BILIOUSREtt.
FOR TORPID LIVER
FOR CONSTIPATiOI.
FOR SALLOW SHI.
F0RTHEC0MPLEX1K
a mu i oantmni mut mot wutviii
; Can I Pnrelr TetttUe.?0W?fH
CARTER'S
OlTTLE.
jflVER
Jpiu.$.
CURE SICK HEADACHE..
JOHN POOLE, PORTLAND, 0W.
Foot of Morrison Street.
Can give you the best bargains In Bow
and Engines, Windmills. Pumps and Gewi
ri aiacuiuery.. n ooa cawing aiacuina
specialty. See us before buying.
York
NATURAL HISTORY.
'V i
1
"Now, tell me, -why Is that hyphen
placed In chlcken-coop?"
"Please, sir, fer the chicken to roost
on."
Hawk as a Surgeon.
A strange tale is told of a hawk at
the menagerie In Central Tark. New
York. Two birds live In the same cage,
and some time back one of them de
veloped a tumor In the leg. The other
bird thereupon attacked the tumor
with Its claws and succeeded In lan
cing It
World's Supply or Gold.
It Is anticipated that the world's sup
ply of gold will be doubled in the next
ten years.
It's easy to believe one who speaks
derogatorlly of others or In praise of
ourselves.
UIIUIIIl. UIIHUU attention of ev7
Uoritlnft Vnua Farmer and Deal-
iwiivwi n 1 1 m ii ii
These two
laaHars arA wnftd
a Af xr R mm
TIM DT II Y d raM 18 wonder,uTim
nnaetlnll in quality. Write for
i niHoim w.. prIce-a uj samples oe
livered in your town.
G. S. MANN, the SEEDMAN,
io r-roni St., Portland, Oregon
Will ..t ..n
pies and prices ot my great specialties
' TUB
ure
Alcohol.
I opium,
Tobacco
Using
1
Pint and
Montgomery SU
PORTLAND, OK
AMERICAN
CREAM
SEPARATORS
Are sold subject to
proval and at a p"
that will enable T
to make a good
on a few cows. T'
cleanest, fairest n
chine In all the voi'
Strongest In ALL these points thai.
other, vis:
Close Skimming. Easy Clean X
Ught Running. Durability.
Write for free catalogue.
MITCHELL, LEWIS I STIVER U
PORTLAND. Ore.
SPOKANE, Wash. BOISB. Id
Won Medal, Paris, 1900.