V"
HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION
Profitable Business of Poultry Raising in Ameri
I'lnclc or moUlcaTT -
;;.r v ." ; ntl ad; uh
ltl. . uj
IndlThlnat foulii lory Kttntir '"
Ihtlr cliarorterlntlrn. 1'or lntnee,
eit-rptlonnl Injrro unit poor lajrr
lire found In nil breed, mil In all
breed llio general I)lp l well fliH,
anil the Mirloito IndltldiinN (
thtn breed crrulb mriiiblc each
oilier In utirli liiipurliint mnlterii n
lim'rJ nnd Mie, linrillnfM, color of
tgg idiell, nitltlly. etc.
Therefore, llir lioultrjiimii will do
writ to nilol (lint breed, nhlch bert
inert lilt need, or permnnt prefer,
enee, luUe full itilumtnirc of lt dr
ulrnble i,untltle, niul rrk to Improte
lil flock tlirmiKli rnreful selection
n-'id brcvdlnir.
The proiiilnrnt ilinrnrtrrl(lr of
our turloiii I.I111N of iloutmtlc chick
cm lire tUMUed lii'low.
m-rnor rnnDintir it. sTONnnun.v.
POWLS lmvo been kept under do
mestication for untold centuries,
They arc referred to In Holy
Writ; are reproduced on ancient coins
minted long before the Christian era;
aro mentioned In the most nuclcnt
books. Poultry-keeping, therefore, la
an ancient art.
Just what wild forms wcro first
domesticated, how they were selected
nud crossed to produce now types,
will probably never be known. Most
students believe that the Junglo fowl
of India the Callus bankivn of the
scientists Is the progenitor of our
domestic sorts.
From Asia the stock was carried
westward, by sea and overland. Iu
most countries sonic special typo wns
finally evolved, and later tlieso wcro
so blended thnt It Is almost posslblo
to trace the ancestry of even the
newer breeds. Hut this process has
worked for improvement, und today
tho better kinds of fowls aro tho most
efficient machines thnt wo have for
transforming raw materials Into food
products for man.
When securing a flock of fowls It
is always best to obtain birds of pure
brooding. Crosses and mongrels may
in themselves be profltnblo uudor cer
tain condition), but they lmvo so
many serious faults that one Is. hardly
justified in working with them, espe
cially In view of the fact that really
good stock may be secuicd at such
modornto prices. Tho great advan
tage of tho thoroughbred flock Is duo
to tho fact that tho various individ
uals aro reasonably nllko In size,
color, temperament and habits, and
will produco eggs and chicks which
aro uniform, nud, therefore, more
nvallablc. When breeding mongrels
no ono can bo sure of the typo of tho
resulting offspring.
It Is not necessary to buy exhibi
tion birds for which high prices aro
charged, nut It certainly Is advis
nblo to talco full ndvnntngo of the
work already dono by breeders in
fixing tho typo of tho various breeds
so that tho future operations may bo
conducted with renEonublo confidence
that tho results will bo satisfactory.
Uut breed is not everything. Wo
find poor Individuals In all breeds.
Ono should carefully consider his
problem, definitely determlno tho
object to bo gained, and then select
thoso fowls which have in greatest
degrco tho characteristics ho most
needs. If tho market demand Is for
eggs having white shells, It Is poor
business to keep u flock of layers of
brown eggs. If tho production of
tablo poultry in to ho tho main con
sideration, tho light-weight breeds
should bo considered.
So much for tho utility poultry
keeper. Tho fnncler, tho producer of
exhibition stock, valued because of
perfection In form and color, may
glvo his fancy froo rolgn and dovote
hlmsolf to tho kind which best plcnsos
him, regardless of any other consid
eration. Class, Iti ccd, Viii'ifty.
Iu connection with fowls we hoar
buoIi torms as class, breed, variety,
btraln, etc. These nro often confused,
so n word of explanation jnny bo In
'ordor.
In tho Ameilcan Sandard of Per
fection, fowls are grouped Iu classes'
largely according to tho country of
their origin. Uaoh class contains ono
or moro breeds, tho latter consisting
of fowls which aro alike In slzo and
shape. Hioeds are further subdivided
Into vnrlotlos, the determining char
netorlstlcs usually being plumage
color or comb shape. For oxamplo,
tho Whltn Wynndotto Is tho whlto
plumagod variety of tho Wyandotte
breed, and tho latter belongs to tho
American class.
Let us tnko up tho classes in order.
I'lrfat comes tho American, con
taining tho Plymouth Hocks, Wynn
riottoti, Javas, Domlulquos. Hhode Is
land Hedh and Huckeyos In their sev.
eral varlotlob, These are all general-
purposo broeds, medium In weight,
generally yollow-Bklnncd, oxcollent
tablo stock at all ages, good layers
of brown-Bhollcd eggs. Tho hens are
depcndablo slttors and careful moth
ers. As a rulo tho members of this class
aro hardy nnd vigorous. They nro
rather heavily feathered nnd nro ablo
to enduro without apparent discom
fort tho cold Winters of our nothom
section. They stand confinement,
but will "rustlo" if given an oppor
tunity. Tho Aslnstio class embraces tho
Drahmas, Cochins nnd Lnngshnns, our
heaviest broeds. Tho llrahma Is tho
giant of domestic chickens, males
often weighing 12 pounds nnd up
wards. Thcso broods produco dark brown
eggs but, cxcoptlng tho Langshnn, nro
only modorato layors. They aro gen
tle, easily confined, unusually hardy,
much inclined toward broodlncss.
Tho Brakrua Is often used by grow
ers of hoavy-wolght tablo poultry,
either In its purity or crossed with
lighter stock. This seems to bo its
greatest vnluo.
Tho Cochin, formerly a very good
utility fowl, as now bred, is of little
practical vnluo.
In tho Important Mediterranean
class nro grouped tho Leghorns, Mln
orcas, Spanish, Andaluslans nnd An
conns. Thcso nro tho so-called "lny
lug machines," enjoying a high repu
tation ns lnyors of tho whlto eggs,
so much wnntod In tho Now York
markets and thoso controlled thereby.
Thcso broeds nro nmnll in size, ex
cepting tho Minorca, ncttvo, nervous,
non-sitting. Owing to tho size of their
combs and their comparatively light
plumage, they nro seriously affected
by the cold.
Tho Whlto Leghorn Is ono of our
most widely-bred fowls nnd Is a prlmo
favorlto on commercial egg fnrms.
Though small in size, It dresses off
nicely, bolng full-brcastcd and having
tho desired yellow skin.
Turning to tho English class, we
find tho Dorkings, Redcaps and Or
pingtons. Tho former Is ono of tho most an
cient breeds, nnd In England Is eon
strorcd ono of tho best tnblo fowls.
It has not mndo much progress In
America.
Tho Orpington Is n goneral purposo
breed, In many ways resembling our
Plymouth Hocks It, Is hardy, a very
good layer, will hatch nnd rear Itii
young and ninkea very fln6 tnblo
poultry. Tho fact that It has vhIto
skin places It at a disadvantage in our
American uinrkets.
A Promising Fowl.
Tho newly Introduced Sussox fowl
also belongs to this class. This breed
Is n great favorlto In tho Sussex dis
trict whcio such gieat quantities of
flno tnblo stock pre produced. Tho
American sponsors for this fowl claim
that It possesses unusual business
qualities, and predict that It will bo
roino. most popular hero ns soon as
Its merits aro recognized,
Ono breed, with eight vnrlotlcs,
forms the Polish clnss, Thin Is ono
of the oldest breeds known, nud
though n fair producer of whlto eggs,
Is now regarded as being strictly or
nnmcntnl. Iu this clnss arc found some of tho
most beautiful of nil domestic fowls,
graceful In form, with hugo crests
and wondroiisly marked plumage.
Tho Hamburg clnss also contains
but n single breed, of which thcro
nro six varieties. Though now bred
almost exclusively by random who
hnvo brought It to n rcmnrkablo de
gree of perfection, tho Hamburg was
formerly a universal favorlto. It pro
duces nn abundance of whltc-shellod
eggs which nre, unfortunately, rnthor
smnll In size. In earlier times Itu
ability as an egg-producer earned for
Fine Table Stock From Franco,
it tho name "Dutch Everyday Layer."
Somo excellent tnblo fowls nro
found In tho French clnss, which In
cludes the Houdnns, Crcvecoours and
La Floche. These breeds nro all
" very tZ !
shelled LI ?Lr,.,5I?ewi 5 J
BlZO. """OlMltfcfc.'l
.., ', ,l T'-H'Hinins class,
i wnmnq, (,. ".""mil
and Oiiiii..li.i0.V.ail.l(Hl
tlieso h considered Z ffi tf
poultry keepers .! J bel'2
urientiiiu ii... .: .v.uorMw.
cxcollen. ninn , :. .
used for i-mroIii V ,M'ift
bred In m,ITJ",k. tWPoiei ?
4i. it ,.."." V,"IM.B.rfJi
viiu WIUIP UlLCIl Hurl .. . ' 1
"y nn AinrKSeS
Two oihrr breeds hw i
2"! ,y .!!" "rouSS HUB
l,, ""-ii'imi Hero. Th,C
from unrlnrn ti,i.i. '".' "IS
L'tf'2?". WSZ&
; v,,sr .. ttwhtt'a
riiuu'U. M a rne h. '.; " 1
fllllll .,1ili.,. ...b,uw!le
fowls. Ul mK
If tllllillr fnvn. I.
to the ro,,ivo ;it'lltBy
moivri r. r?Whi
iV ,i . ""UI10 i
lilrilit! l.ii.ln n..i ' ""
Rocks. " "mm
Pill' 1iriklLM1.tl1in1l..1 --
Hlnrlf ,if t..n,ii,ln. ..:fflu'i
WiHiUoltr,lJcilind0fphi3
lrill It llllll.ulinllJ ' .,'l
. .. Miiii-nnuill'U Cggl
Anrnniiu unit ffiftniUiv.
Tor squab broilers. Wtim
Itlll lArliri1liad nt IL. L...i. I
rlely solefted, tho very loitjjj,!
ouv-vaT n iictiiin, Bircaiu, i
null UKUl in iiiu IK)( i
f ltnilA Hllllfinfrl AMM t..JI-t.
MftV, Ii 4lll. lHltnlll ....
definite) IlncH, whether for tql
iiivm iMDiiiiciitiu, ana isu jj.
-ti in iii oii-iiiuii uuu uiirniir.
viiwiffiiT ii nuiiuuiu uivva, uqi
iuui uiuiuy nin-Tiua'Dici projfii-
iiik.
(Copyright 1015, by Mttei-Vm J
V.O., in" i
Poultry Breeders Will Find This Chart Usefu
NOMENCLATUUK DIAGRAM OF FOWL.
Sj($?y&
if'
'&r r .
&&&Z.
simivMECAiicnc-
In order to make descriptions of fowl int. lilk-li.lo poultrymcn have named the various body iu
The accotnpnnyltiRr churt t alnlv show. cSn, r,... ' ' 7 " i " 7. .1. ":S i". .rA rtfertnet. V
ilrawlnir la of n Knlm,, ii. X.. ......."" "'"'? """ "" no I'rnni im -
- - - " '"'"" ui'Db oi coniuk nro uiui
luatrated by A, I), C and !
ny KDWIM SlEfiAitonn.
TV- S tho art of poultry breeding was
Jfc developed, poultrymon began to
feol tho necosslty of giving each
hcctlon of tho fowl somo doscrlptivo
nnmo. In tho courso of time, a com
plete system was evolved which great
ly simplified a condition that was be
coming decidedly complex.
The accompanying dlngram shows
every soctlon of a domestic fowl, and
tho following list gives tho nanio of
each. This Is In accordanco with U.o
system adopted by tho American
Poultrr Association.
In the descriptive mattor nccom
pnnylng tho drawings of thorough
bred fowls which will appear regu
larly In these columns, wo will have
occasion to refer by nnmo to tho va
rious sections of tho birds shown.
Therefore, this cut should bo pro
sorvod for futuro roforonco. It will
bo found most useful.
A, shows n slnglo comb; n, a roso
comb of tho Hamburg typo; 0, a
strawberry" comb; D, a pea comb.
(1) mst, (2) comb, (3) oyo, (4)
cnri. (6A,.faco' c) cnr-lobo, (7)
muffs, (S) beard, (9) nostril, (10)
.... . .-i. hi tttU
wattles, UU CiJB' y.V, iKif
Mas
lourtn too, - - ,.,1wrjlf
(24) foot, (25) toe '
vulturo hock, IS'"J,YviA
(33) abdomen, ( 3 I ) '"L !3
wInuM.ar. (30) MoirL
wing-bay. (37) PnX, ,fc
(38) fllght-covcrts, Cl J
(CopyrlBht. ii. "' -,
A
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BH
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ill
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