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HOME AKD FARM MAftAgmns SECTION
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Deep Storage
(Special to tho Farm Mftg.17.Ino.)
IIILK IMtAHlViUJU " illinium
that tnako any claim to progros
sho agricultural practices aro
flwaro of tho Jmportnnco of doop stor
age of nioistiiro In dry farming, tho
Importance of tlcop storago reaches fur
ther than merely affording n larger
mpply of moisture- for tho dry Boasons
and naturally implies conditions that
lead lo a deeper rooting system of tho
crowing rnps.
"Thus." says Professor Scuddcr, tho
Oregon Agricultural Collogo agronom
ist tho crop roots navo a groat area
of 'soil from which thoy obtain stored
jnoisttiro and plant food. Tho decpor
ttorcd moisture which cannot reach
tho upper layers of soil rapidly enough
through capillary action to supply tho
seeded sustenance, can bo utilized by
lho deeply rooted plants as tho hot
weather approaches and tho grain fill
ing period comes. It is this sub-soil
moisture which nets ns tho dry farm
er's reserve and permits him to pro
duco a good crop prnctlcaliy without
rain.
"Getting tho moisture Into tho soil
Jj almost ns important as is its con
servation after it gots Micro. It is at
least of first importanco, for moisture
cannot bo conserved until It 1h takon
Into tho soil reservoir.
Inducing Deep Storage.
"To lnduco deep storago tho surfneo
toll must bo maintained in an absorp
tive, sponge-like condition throughout
tho precipitation period ns far ns pos
sible, ns already described, by plow
ing or disking, increasing tho humus
content, etc., so that precipitation will
striko In mid bo carried to tho subsoil
Immediately, not only by percolation
but by capillary action downward.
"Indeed, ono of tho most important
functions of cnplllnry notion is to carry
moisture downward Into tho lower,
drier arms after percolation has coated.
Herd again a moist subsoil is of great
est Importanco, for a far-reaching capil
lary inovcmont downward is linstoncd
where tho soil particles aro already
moist, "slicking" tho way for n mora
rapid passago of further moisture.
Handling Proporly,
"Whcro tho surfaco soil Is loft hard
and compact over winter and early
spring, not only loss from surfneo wash
ing occurs, but moisture docs not pono
trato into tho subsoil. It remains
largely in tho surfaco layers. This re
sults in shallow rooting of tho crop
plants nnd a consequent lurgcr growth
of leaf and stalk, a larger loss by
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of Moisture
uw4.on.u0n, a greater exhaustion of
tho plant foods in tho surfaco layers
and, of course, greater suffering In tho
dry, hot weather when filling tlmo
comes.
"In properly handled soils in ro
glons of 10 to 15 inches rainfall, tho
moisture may bo carried to depths of
8 and 10 feet nnd nt this depth It Is
by no moans beyond roach of evon tho
I
WAS always called a crank on tho
care of fnrm Implements. What
moy meant was that I took more
tlmo than was profitable to enro for tho
tools; but to mo it was more pleasure
to uso a woll-carod-for tool than somo
wcatherbeatcn or rusty affair, nsldo
from tho quality of tho work dono with
it.
Tho harrow was tho only tool that I
unhitched from in tho field, It being
too Inconvenient to tako in. Then tho
quality of tho work it would do In
cither caso could hardly bo takon into
consideration! so that harrow was
cleaned and well painted onco in two
years, nnd it was out in tho weather
about six weeks ovcry spring. It cost
$18 nnd I used it 30 years.
Thoro was a watering plnco in tho
mnchino shed, nnd hitching up nnd un
Care Of Farm Implements
Ky5 ' - ' ' " " 'J"1'" " ' 1 1 i.i. 11 1 &K
S3 MmrW JSbB .r.-JHpWL 9HB S3
comparatively shallow rooted grain
crops. Their roots striko steadily deeper
nnd decpor nnd draw upon this deeply
stored moisture directly and indirectly
through tho lesser distance- that capil
lary action must carry tho more deeply
stored moisture to them. As a matter
of fact, it is not uncommon to find a
portion of tho roots of tho wheat plant
penetrating to n depth of eight or ten
feet, although this docs not occur, of
course, except where moisture has pene
tratcd that far, for root penotration
follows only In tho path of moisture."
hitching were dono in there. If it wns
a cold morning in early spring, tho
horses much preferred to go in there
to drink than nt tho outdoor tank, and
tho samo when it wns hot. In showery
weather, when working in tho field,
tho doors wcro left opon at ono end or
tho other, whichever seemed 'tho most
favorablo from tho clemontsj then if
wo had to mako a homo run to beat
tho shower, everything Was favorablo
for It.
Tho horses that took tho plow out to
tho field In tho morning brought it
back again at noon. Tho plow must bo
sharpened ovcry noon when in use. It
took nbout 18 minutes to tuko off tho
plowshare, hammer it out cold on tho
nnvll and put it on again. Then after
dinner it scorned to draw 30 por cent
easier when fresh sharpened. Whllo
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tho sharp plow would run decpor, thrf
dull plow would run shallower. At
night tho plow was brought in. Then
on tho ond of a shelf sat n tomato con
with somo mnchino oil and a paint .
brush in it, and it was a pleasure rather
thnn n task to grenso all tho bright
parts of tho plow. Thon If thcro wns
somo damp weather and tho plow was
not used for a fow days, thoro was no
question but what it would do its part
satisfactorily whon wanted.
Tho samo wlththo planter; It was
hnndicr to tako out somo corn on the
planter than nny other way. And with
tho cultivator, tho mower, tho tedder
or hay rake, tho horso or team that
took them to tho field brought them
back again before they wcro unhitched.
And ovon tho binder tho snmo; at
morning nnd noon when tho binder was
in uso thcro wcro 15 minutes or more
spent on tho blndor with wrench, pliers,
oil holo cleaner, oil can, etc., nnd I
thought it was tlmo well spout.
When tho season's uso of each tool
was ovor, it was clcanod, all bright
parts greased, then put awny in its
place. It was nrrnnged to tako tools
npnrt but llttloj nil heavy parts put
back on ground floor, nil lighter parts
put overhead. If any repairs were
needed on tools when put away, nolo
was mado of it, nnd then nt somo con
voniont tlmo it was nttonded to. This
to somo looked liko lots of needless
work, but to mo it was a ploasuro, or
tho pootry of farming. And it was
profitable, for tho tools lasted nbout
twlco as long.
1
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