.tf Recommends Tariff Reforms
and rarceis rust, aim
Ship Subsidy Measure.
t
. t nnn uf mil a nrmuii"
...iii nisiw" . una uucu
ncn' .1. a n wiiivii ...
n4 or. continuous oipiui"
t wlh.,CteaS'ut The Hague
conitltutcu mates
hut rciiw"-::. fiiiriDniiy
.... nnnoi.v
. rtnwcu nur
- a rr ui j---- ..i.i.ian ii v
trarae oni:"" to thU pro
L ih various v"--;-,- V
w" . li inn '
Till V t la rPHH IIIHWIJ -
I., lut session F"'.. 'ST.
. mlQB Hl't""". . J m
ift thi ippwi
. i . l. M . tnnn ns
. i.nirinn lit"11" in
w!,h.?.riimlna'y diplomatic W-
rS?dr-rdln the arb-
. ...mii rr ciBiiuP ' .... -
fcu ,".'.? Jsnuar 11. 100.
co.?f MrVS and Great Britain.
U ui.vt- - . .. l ntAtnfl 1 lnTiMl
Jiror oVtoln or the
' .i.n ami inc -
..... m idluit certain pmor
iuuci. - - ..... .... .. n u t-n rn .nil
. . . ,infla ur uvih .w .
.n:. i..t ih munarcny i
;,ocilmd and her
'I WHICH WU UM4nyn
. .inarv inieruuuiNv '
w klngiom or jioniciicB.u
i.iinna wnicn imva u mmmv.
rcuiiftuui" - ...
far tho ameiiorauun
L t iK.ri. hv tho Amorlcnn com-
ire being broutrM to eonciunou.
!,u with all Mtln-Amerlco are
. :. .1.-1- .nr.iini iv hclntr nianl-
bv the receptions accorucu iu bii-
Hons or Argentina,
Tho International IJureau or
'. n..,t,H. iinlnir a brond and
utt "-r . ii. . i
work The buccchhiui inouumuii
dlioute between Peru and Ecuador
.u ..f nnntlnl rn-nncTii-
tlatlona rcgardins the refunamgor
way iur niutp n.Ma ' :
confidently believed, ho Buys, mm
timC Will flUHIUW IU UUi.V.awww
k ..t.(. 4iim Ttn uni Hrnn nrv
.-rt Innntl V II rl .
Nicaragua ana mo unwuiruiuu
. ..u n.l I lm rnnia nr
. r.l... nni.n rni,n nttH n (11
moderation and conciliatory spirit
vu ih varlnui factlani urlre irround
. I .. . l . . a
The extent of this worx ana lt im-
ltHIU HIS L 1IICU OlULCfJ.
ileal HVIJIIVHIIVII U0 uvxii navvai
ns - enioracinK ino uniiro cominur-
mnn emcraenii, roreign naiion
two or tn tarirr net tno iroiiacnt
ntlfta ihm in IK.. i.nnnta nf iVlft
""v "nil v iiia uuiiwino ut, ktav
aajrr notice, artor which tne
"i umvriunaieiy. inatancoa wnern
injurious ana ineauunuio.
Fucy or broador ond closer trad
...... . " w WUIIIIUIUU W .U..UUM
wai Initiated In tho ndJuatment o!
. ... tituiiiituiii uiuTitiuim ml
iOf 4K& .ii . .....
. . . ..iiuviit u ii Vila Luiiimvi-
vwujmrrce may rol ow thn n mnno
inn imiitata. , i. . t
lr ' " " -
Arcentlnn rmtilc.ui nt.
... vosciB, wnrn a 1 1 rnn rnr nil
nr ti.. . . - - -
BlTOrtl nr .
tiL ueiiiirimflnr in Rnrnrn
ir. m. v wi l niiea Hiaiftm ermni on-
iiiq i uiKHii nr inn uinrin n?in
tnw. i cammercs navo Deen
u t i,in vii ma nr niiiiniiii
new n . . " 01 competition ana
r. """"i Ul HULia in ilm nm Aivnn
hruo cii uni nn.
Kin - -. v...
---v. .iur in in n.Atnnr rn
nh - ----. iiiiiiDiiuiiHiiuin 1 1
-""PcrcH nnri rtn(Hi
-m vuinmerrA ! m . i
. . iv una Pntntn.k.l.l . a
O. I'n t. ... ' . tiivii IIIUI 11IUIIL
""1 direct L,S?iW,'er" U 11,0 nee1 tor
. y i nniiA m ... . - . -
wnuin i a... ..
01 dlract lin. lrom l" establish
o of th. 5 "P110" taken the com-
l tr .""!" Canal will find thla
"It of im. ".c.ml nation unable to
a m a n il KAtil hull.. a. a t
"uu nnrnm ornlal I n
we cren. "' sornmorcial aineot.
U a rnnir nonulnilnn nn...
"id. ii m,1 r.MBrvo ""d wr
H luhlMT."1"5 of war, tho tram.
"1 "t la arm. Z'.V wnout vr hloh
i"?1' without a body? For
thl IV.,- OSnnOt tOO llrnn,.!. .....
,"oni i uoqyi ror
, .m.,CS" tronglr urira
" urante i. ,or ,ulvont on ado-
mar ;:," ',!n of nn .h. "v
" ancient;"""1 no Amen-
P'omatio re.in10enBra(lllal acaul.ltton
- uuiuau aro ua
ISvarv effort haa been mada tiv onrli dn.
nartment chief to reduce the eetlmated eon
of till department for the eneulnu flacal
year enainir June uu, iuiz. Theie eatlmatei
preaont the imalleat turn which will main
tain the department!, bureaui and offices
of the Government and inott Its other
otilliatlone under exutlng law, and a cut
of thene eatlmatei would reault In embarrait-
Inr the executive branch or the Government
In the performance of lta duties. Thla re
mark doe not apply to the rivers and har
bors estlmalo, rxcept to thoaa for expenacs
or maintenance and the meeting or ohll na
tions, under authorized contracts, nor does It
apply to the publlo bulldlnts LIU nor the
Navy uunuinK programme.
tiio rrcniaent naya that "as an In-
como-produclntf measure the) existing
inrirt diii novor nnn uoon exceeded bv
any cuntoma bill In tho history of tho
country." IIo contlnuea:
Tho corporation oxclae tax, nrotiortlon.il
to thu net Incomn of every bualnrsa corpora
tion In the country, lias worked well. The
tax ha been easily collected. Its. prompt
payment Indicates that tho Incidence of the
tax has not been heavy. It offr, more
over, an opportunity for knowledge by tho
Government of tho general condition and
business of all corporations and that means
by far tho most Important part of the busi
ness of the country. In the original act pro
vision was made for tho publication -of re
turns. This provision was subsequently
amonded by Congress and the matter left
to the regulation of the Preeldent. I have
directed tho laauo of tho needed regulatlbna
und have made It possible for the public
generally to Know irom an examination of
the record, the returns of all corporations,
the stock of which Is listed on any nubile
stock exchange- or Is offered for sale to the
general public. The returns of those cor
porations whose stock Is not so offered for
sale are directed to bo open to the Inspec
tion and examination of creditors and stock
holders of tho corporation whoso record Is
sought.
Tho President reviews tho creation of
tho Tariff Commission, created In the
liopo "that tho question of the rate of
a duty Imposed shall becomes more of a
business question and less of a political
question, to bo ascertained by experts
of lont," training ana accurate knowl
edge." He Indicates that tho Hoard will
not bo nblo to report at this session, but
ho hopes to be able to present results
at tho opening of the now Congress. He
ronows Ills advocacy of tho plan, or which
ho says:
It facilitates tho removal of noteworthy
defects In an Important law without disturb
ance of business prosperity, which Is even
more Important to the happlneea and the
comfort of the people than the elimination
of Instances of Injustice In the tariff.
Whether or not the protective policy Is
to bo continued and the degree of protection
to bo accorded to our homo Industries, are
questions which the people must decide
through tlioir cnosen rcpisntatives; out
whatever policy Is adopted, It Is clour that
tho necessary legislation should be based
on un Impartial, thorough an contlnuoua
study of thu facts.
Tho mossago favors tho passage of tno
bill amending the Volunteer act, and
provision for a commission to determine
a comprehensive policy for tho organiza
tion of tho Kogular Army, tho organized
tnllltla mid tho volunteer forcci. Moro
competont olllcers of tho rank? of Cap
tain arc needed to teach tho new Army,
that it may be prepared In time of
emergency. Another bill, the adoption
of which Is urged, Is the one providing
ror CO moro Army Knglncors. "Tho short
ness of supply of such ollcors," the mes
sage says, "delays Important river and
harbor work and important fortification
work. I oarnestly recommend the pas
sago of this bill which passed the House
at tto last session and Is now pending
In the Sonate."
Of formications, the message says:
I have directed that the estimates for ap
propriation for the Improvement of coait
defenees In the United Slates should be re
duced to a minimum, while thoae for the
completion of the noeded fortlflcatlona at
Corregldor, In tho Philippine Islands, and
at I'earl Harbor. In the Hawaiian Islands,
should be expedited as much as possible.
Tho proposition to make Olongapo and
Hublg liay the naval base of the Pacific waa
given up, and It Is to be treated merely
a supply station, while the fortifications In
the Philippines are to be largely confined
to Corregldor Island and the adjacent lal
anda which command entrance to Manila
Day, and which aro being rendered Impreg
nable from land and sea attack.
The Pacific naval base haa been trans
ferred to Pearl Harbor, In the Hawaiian Isl
ands. This necessitates the heavy fortifi
cation of tho harbor and the establishment
of on Important military station near Hono
lulu. I urgo that all the citlmatcs made
by the War Department for these purposes
be approved by Congressional appropriation.
Completion of the Panama Canal with
in tho tlmo sot, Januury 1, 1915, and with
in tho estimated cost, 3"6,0X,000, Is as
sured. Tho slldos reported In the Cule
bra cut aro clue to disintegration of
Igneous rock In oxposuro to tho air and
will require additional allownnco of 10,
OOO.OOO yards of matorlal to be removed.
Tills offers no serious obstacle but would
have been so gravo In thu case of a
sea lovel canal as to have "taxed the
patlonco of thu American people." Tho
President reiterates hla opinion that the
canal xhoutd bo fortilled.
On tho subject of tolls to bo charged,
ho quotes the opinion of an oxpert that
"a dollar a not ton would not drlvo busi
ness away from the canal, but that a
hlcher rate would do so." Ho adds:
In determining what the tolls should be
wo certainly ought not to Insist that for
a jood many years to come iney snouiu
nmniint in muirh to nav the Intoroat on
tho Investment of 1100,000,000 which the
United States lias maue in ino cuusiruKuuu
of tho ranaL We ought not do this at
tint, became the benefits to be derived by
the Unltod States for this expenditure aro
not to be measured sololy by a return upon
tho Investment, ir it were, mon wio cu
iiruction mlirht well have been loft to prl
vate enterprise. It wus bocauso an adequate
ratnrn .mnn Dm money invested could not
bo oxpected Immediately, or In the nour
futuro, and because thoro were pocullar po
litical advantages to be derived from the
construction of the canal, that It neces
sarily fall to tho dovornniont to advance
tno tnonoy ana periorm ma
in nrtrtftlnn to the benefit to our naval
etrongth, the canal greatly Increases the
trade faculties or mo unn
win iiii.iiiiiiitp.llv oheanon tho ratos of trans
portation In nil freight botwoen the eastern
and westofti soaboard and It will greatly
Incroase that trade by reason oi me ruuuu
tlon In Its cost. Then. It we are to have
a world canal, ond If we are anxious that
tho routes of tho world's trado shall bo
...i. iinnim, fnnnl. wo must rec
ognise that wo have on actlvo competitor
In the Sues Canal. Then, too, there are
other moons ot crossing '".'".".
tho Tohauntepoo raliroau una uy um.i
roads and freight routes In Central Amor
I. a . r Atlantic lido.
In all these cases tho question whether
the Panama Canal is to oo u.ou u -toSnigo
Increased would ho determined later
by tho chargo for Its use. My own Impros
Vi... it., mil. nuirht not to exceed
t per net ton. On January 1, 1011. tho
tolls In the Buea canal aro to bo 7 francs
ond S3 centimes for one not ton by Sues
Canal measurement, which Is a modinco.
tlon or Danubo measurement. A dollar a
ton will secure, under the figure above, ,
gross income from the Panama .Canal of
nearly $7,000,000. The coat of maintenance
2nd bperktlon I eetlmated to exceed J..
000.00O. Ultimately, of course, with tho
normal Increase In trade, the Income will
approximate the Interest charges upon the
Investment,
On tho whole. I hould recommond that
within certain limits the President be ou-
horlxed to fix th toll, of the canal and
adjust them to what seems to bo com
mercial necessity, , . . .
The maintenance of tho completed canal
la discussed at lonsth, Mr. Taft would
add to tho oqulpmont facilities for fur
nish ng drydock, fuel, repairs and supply
facll ties to the trado of tho world, This
should bo undertaken by tho Government
ratlior than by private enterprise, Mr,
Taft believes. Ho adds:
I cannot close this reference to the canal
without suggesting as a wise addition to
the Interstate commerce law e provision
prohibiting Interstate commerce railroads
from owning or controlling ships engaged
n trade through tho Panamo Canal. I be
lieve such a provision Is needed to save
the people of the United States the benefits
of the competition In trade between the
oaatorn and weatorn seaboards which this
canal will be constructed to seoure.
The duties' Of the Dennrtmnt nf .Thru
tlco have beon groatly increased by leg-iBlatlon-
onactod "In tho interest of tho
gonera! welfare of the people and ex
tending Its actlvltloo Into avonuc plain
ly within tho constitutional Jurisdiction,
out which it nas not been thought wlso
or necessary for tho Gonera! Governin"it
herotoforo to occupy." Tho organization
has boen so Improved that a vast amount
of business has beon disposed of. Par
ticular attention Is called to prosecutions
of "bucket shops," frauds which have
misused the mailing privilege and vlo
latlonu of the anti-trust law.
Itccommendatlon of a. fdernl lneornor-
atlon act is renewed. Con gr con is urged
to pay promptly Just claims against tho
Government, delays in the paymont of
which Injures the reputation of the Gov
ernment as an honest debtor. Simpler
Judicial procedure la advised. Tho mes
sage says:
One great crying need In the United States
Is cheapening th cost ot litigation by sim
plifying Judicial procedure and expediting
final Judgment. Under present conditions,
th poor man I at a woeful disadvantage
In o legal contest with a corooratlon or
rich opponent. The necessity for the reform
exists both In the United States Courts and
in all state courts. In order to bring It
about, however. It naturally fills to tho
General Government by Its example to fur-
nun a model to all statos. A legislative
commission appointed by Joint resolution of
Congress to revise the procedure in the
United States Courts has as yet made no
report.
Under tho law the Supreme Court ot the
United States has the power and Is given the
duty to frame the equity, rules of procedure
which are to obtain In the Federal Courts of
first Inttance. In view of the heavy burden
on pressing litigation which that court
has had to carry, with one or two of Its
members Incapacitated through 111 health.
It has not been able to take up problems of
Improving the equity procedure, which has
practically remained the same since the or
ganization of the court In 1780. It la rea
sonable to expect that with all the vacancies
upon th court filled. It will take uo the
question of cheapening and simplifying the
procedure In equity rules In the courts of
the United States. The equity business Is
much moro Important In the Federal Courts,
and I may add, much the more expensive.
I am strongly convince that the best meth
od ot Improving judicial procedure at law Is
to empower the Supreme Court to do It
through the medium of the rules of the
court, as In equity. This Is the way In
which It has been done In England and thor
oughly done. The simplicity and expedition
of procedure In tho Kngllsh court today
make a model for tho reform of other sys
tems. No man ought havo as a matter of right
a review of his case by tho Supreme Court.
Hs should be satisfied by one hearing be
fore a court of first Instance and one re
view by a court of appeals. The proper and
chief usefulness of the Supreme Court, and
especially of the Supreme Court of the
United States la. In the caaes which come
before It. so to expound the law and es
pecially the fundamental law tho Constitu
tion as to furnish precedents for the Infe
rior courts In future litigation and for the
executive officers In the construction of
statutes and the performance of their legal
duties. Therefore, any provisions for re
view of caaea by the Supreme Court that caat
upon that court the duty of passing on ques
tions ot evidence and th6 construction of
particular forms of Instruments, like Indict
ments, or wills, or contracts, decisions not
of goneral application or Importat.co, merely
burden the court and render more lilfflcult
Its higher function. The Supreme Court Is
now carrying an unnecessary burden of ap
peals of thla kind, arid I carneatly urge that
It be removed.
I Wish to renew my urgent recommenda
tion made In my last f.nnual message In
favor of th passage of a law which shall
regulate the Issuing of Junction In equity
without notice In accrdance with the best
practice now In vogi.e In the courts of the
United States. I regard this ot ekpeclal im
portance, first becat.se It has been promised,
and second became it will deprive those
who now complalw of certain alleged abuses
In the Improper (.suing of Injunctions with
out notice of auy real ground for further
amendment ant will take away all sem
blance ot suppt rt for the extremely radical
legislation the) propose, which will be moat
nornlcloua If adopted, will lap the founda
tions of Judicial power, and legalize that
cruel social Instrument, the secondary boy
cott. I further recommend to Congress the pass
age of the bill now pending for tho Increase
In salaries of the Federal Judges. The coat
of living la such, especially In the large
cities, that even the salaries fixed In the pro
posed bill will enable the Incumbents to ac
cumulate little, If anything, to support their
families alter their death.
Tho postal savings bank system will
bo extended gradually. The application
of business principles haa resulted in the
return of U.500,000 of the J17.500.000 ap
propriated to cover tho estimated de
licti. Tho Postmaster-General's esti
mates for tho present year ore so low aa
to bo within the expected roveriue.
first, second nnd third-class postmas
toru should be placed in tho claadfled
service. Tho message adds:
It Is more logical to do this than to class
ify tho fourth-claaa poatmasters, for the
reason that the fourth-class postofflcea are
usually small and tho postmaatere aro necea
iarlly men who must combine other bual
ness with tho postmastorshlp, whereas, tho
first, second and thlrd-claBa postmasters ore
paid a sufficient amount to Justify the re
quirement that they shall have no other
business and that they shall devote their
attention to their postofflco duties. To
classify first, second and third-class post
masters would require the passage of on
act changing the method of their appoint
ment so os to take away the necosslty for
the ndvlce and consent of the Sonate.
I am awore that this Is inviting from tho
Sonato a concession In respect to its quasl
oxecutivo powers that Is considerable, but I
bollevo it to bo in tho Interest ot good ad
ministration and efficiency of .service. To
make this chango would toko tho post
masters out of politics; would relieve Con-
' u,hn nra now burdenod with the
necessity of making rodommendatlons for
tho nlaces or a riispu""'""' m
Irksome and can creato nothing but trouble;
"...ii. nniri rpsult in securing greater at
tention to business, greater fidelity and con
soauontly grcator economy and efficiency
In tho postofflcea which thoy conduct.
The unrestricted monnor in which the
franking privilege Is now boing used by
tno sevoral Federal services and by Con-
cress has lam it open vu PU..uuo
it hn. been ImDOsslblo without a bet
tor control of franking to determine the ac
tual oxpense to tho Government of this
nractlce. thero can be no doubt that It an
I'r..,,". intn the millions. As the
first step In the direction of reforms, special
stamps and stampod envelopes have been
nrovldod for use Instead of franks In tho
fVee transmission of the official mail re
sulting from tho business of the now postal
Savings aystom. By properly rocordlng tho
Issuance of suoh stamps and envelopes, ao
curato records can be kept of the cost to
r..I n..rnmmt of handling the postal sav
ings mall, which Is certain to becomo an
mportant item of expense and one that
huuld so separately determined.
In my last message I Invltod the atten
tlon of Congress to the Inadoquacy ot the
nostal rats Imposod upon second-class mall
in.nfnr as that Includes magazines,
nnd showed by flguros proparod by experts
of tho Postofflco Department that the Gov
ernment would bo rendering a service to
r."".ni.in. costlnir many millions In ex
cess ot the compensation paid. An answer
was attemptoa to um uj i i" ,
of the magazines, and a roply was filed to
i. .. hv the Postofflco Department.
The uttor Inadequacy of the onswei, con
sldorod in tho light of the reply of the Post
offlco Department, I think, must appeal to
any falr-mlnded person. Whether the on
ewor was all that could bo said In behalf
I.. - .ni.,in.. ! another auestlon. I
agree that the question Is on of fact! but
I Insist that It the foct Is as the experts
of the Postofflca Department show, that we
are furnishing to the owners of magaslnes
a sorvlco worth millions more than they
pay for It, then justice requires that the rate
should bo Incroasod. The increase In the
receipts of the department resulting rrom
thl chango may be devoted to Increasing
the usefulness or xne otpuuiui
Ilshlng a parcels post and In reducing the
cost of first-class postage to 1 cent. It has
been suld by the Postmaster-General that a
fair adjustment might bo made under which
the advertising part of the magazine should
be Charged for at a different and higher
rate than- that from the reading matter.
This would rellovo many useful magazines
that are not circulated at a profit, and
would not shut them out from the use of
the malls by a prohibitory rate.
With respect to the parcels post, I re
spectfully recommend its adoption on all
rural delivery routes, and that H pounds
the International limit be made the limit or
carriage In such post, and this with a view
to Its general extension when the Income
or the postoKIco will permit It ond the pos
tal savings bank shall have been fully estab
lished. The same argument Is made against
the parcels post that was mode against the
postal savings bank that It Is Introducing
the Government Into a business that ought
to be conductod by private persons, and Is
paternalism. Th Postoffice Department has
a.Kica.t.p,ant and a Breat organization, and,
with this machinery, It Is able to do a great
many things economically that if a new
organization were necessary It would be im
possible to do without extravagant expendi
ture. That la the reason why the postal
a...'F bank can ba carried on at a small
additional cost, an why it Is possible to
Incorporati nt a very Inconsiderable ex
pense a parcels post In tho rural delivery
system. A general parcels post will In
volve a much greater outlay.
With reference to tho government of
Alaska ! havo nothing to add to th recom
mendations I made In my last message
on tho subject. I am convinced that the
migratory character of the population. Us
unequal distribution and Its smallness of
number, which the new census shows to be
about 50,000, In relation to the enormous
expanse of territory, make It altogether im
practicable to give to thoso people who are
in Alaska today nnd may not be there a
year henco the power to elect a Legislature
to govern ai Immense territory to which
thoy have a relation so little permanent.
It Is far bettor for the development of the
territory that It be committed to a com
mission, to bo ODDOlnted by the Executive.
wun limited legislative powers sufficiently
broad to meet tho local needs, than to con-
tlnuo the present Insufficient government
wun a lew remedial powers, or to make a
popular government where there Is not
proper foundation on which to rest It.
The suggestion that the appointment of
a commission will lead to the control of
tho government by corporate or selfish ond
exploiting interests has not the slightest
foundation In fact. Such a government
worked well In the Philippines and would
work well In Alaska, and those who ore
really Interested In the proper development
or that territory for the benefit or the
people who live In It and the benefit of
the people of the United States, who own
It, should support tho institution of such
o government.
I have been asked to recommend that the
credit of the Government be extended to
aid the construction ot railroads In Alaska.
I am not ready now to do so. A great
many millions of dollars havo been already
expended In the construction of at least
two railroads, and If laws be passed pro
viding for tho proper development of the
resources of Alaska, especially for the open
ing up of the coal lands, I believe that the
caDltal already Invested will Induce the
Investment of mois capital, sufficient to
complete the railroads building, ana to tur-
nlah cheap coal not only to Alasxa but to
tho whole Pacific Coast. The passage ot a
Jaw permitting the leasing of Government
coal lands In Alaska arter public competi
tion and the appointment for the govern
ment ot tho territory of a commlsson with
enabling powers to meet the local needs
will lead to an Improvement In Alaska and
tho development of her resources that Js
likely to surprise the country.
I have already referred to the forests of
the United States and their .extent, and
havo urged, as I do again, the removal of
the limitation of the power upon the Ex
ecutive to reserve tracts of land in six
Western States in which withdrawal for tms
purpose Is now forbidden. The Secretary of
Agriculture gives a very full description of
the disastrous fires that occurred during the
last Summer In the National forests. The
Snrretarv estimates that standing timber
of the value of 25,000.000 waa destroyed.
Seventy-six persons in tne employ or tno
Forest Service were killed and many more
Injured, and I regret to say that there Is no
provision In the law by which the expenses
for their hospital treatment or ot their in
terment could be met out or pumic lunas.
The lied Cross contributed $1000 and the
remainder was made up by private contribu
tion, rjrlnclnally by the Forest Service ond
lta officials. I recommend that suitable
legislation be adopted to enable the oecre
tary ot Agriculture to meet the obligation
of the Government in tnis respect.
Praner nrotectlon necessitates, as the Sec
retary points out, the expenditure cf a good
deal more money In the development of
roads and trails In the forests, the establish
ment of lookout stations anu teicpnone con
nection between them and places where as
sistance can be secured.
The amount of reforestation shown In the
report of the Forest Service only about
13,000 acres as compared with the 150,000,
000 acres of National forests seems small,
nnrl T nm L-la.d to note that In this regard
the Secretary oi Agriculture ana tne cnitr or
the Forest Service are looxing togeiner to
the further forestotlon ot Government land.
Tro?reaa haa been mode in learning by ex
periment the best methods of reforestation.
Congress is oppeoled to now by the Secre
tary ot Agriculture to naite tne apiiruiirm
tinn needed for the enlarging ot the Fo-est
Servian in this reeard. I hope that Con
gress will approve and adopt the estimate of
the Secretary ror mis purpose.
The taklnc of the census has proceeded
with promptness and efficiency. I concur
with the Secretary In that It will be more
thorough and accurate than any census
wheh has herotovoro been takeh, put It Is
not perfect. The motive that prompts men
with n falso civic pride to Induce the pad
ding ot census roturns In order to Increase
tho population or a particular Kiiy imi ucc.
strong enough to lead, to fraud In respect
to a few cities in this country, and I have
directed the Attorney-General to proceed
with all the vigor possible against those
who aro responsible for tnese irauuo.
Thfiv have been discovered and they will
not Interfere with the accuracy of the cen
sus, but It is oi tne mguuai iuiiiuiuuict
that official Inquiry of this sort should not
be embarrassed by fraudulent conspiracies
In some private or ioca moreu
The Commissioner of Corporations has
Just completed the first part of a report on
tho lumber inausiry ui um umiwu awn.,
rhio rmrt does not treat of the question
of a trust or combination In the manufac
ture of lumber, a subject to oo aeau wun
intn.- Thn CnmmisBlnner does find, however,
a change In tho ownership of tho standing
timber of tho Unltcu states otner uiuii mo
Government timber, that calls for serious attention.
Tho direct Investigation made by the Com-
mlssloner coverea an area which tuumin.
SO per cent of the privately owned tim
ber of the country. His report shows that
ono-half of the tlmbor in this area Is owned
by 200 Individuals, and corporations; that
14 per cont is ownea Dy tnreo curpumnui.a
and that thero Is very extensive inter-
awnAra i n nf HtnClC. aS W611 US UlllUr " '
n....,nn nit rinintinir to friendly rela
tions among thoso wno own a majority ui
this timber, a reiationsnip which uukih
lead to a combination for the maintenance
of a price that would be very detrimental
to tho public Interest and would create
the necessity of removing all tariff ob
stacles to the free lumber Importation from
other countries.
The making of matches from phos
phorus should bo discouraged by tho 1m
nnuittnn of a heavy federal tax, the
Tn!rinr believes, because of tho fright
ful diseaaes incident to the process, and
becauso matches can do muae oi mu
terlate wholly innocuous.
Tim mpHsnen recommends a law pro
vldlng that no laborer or mechanic doing
nnv nart of the work contemplated in a
contract of the United States for a
nnntrnr.tnr nr nnv subcontractor snail ue
required or permitted to work more than
eight hours in any one cuienuar uuy,
The President declares that immigra
tion into this country Is Increasing
He dcDrocates tho proposed
..hinmniMi nf the buildings at Kills
Island for the purposo of permitting
the examination or moro minimi
n inv than aro now examined. If,
ho aays, "It is understood that no more
immigrants can bo taken in at Now
v-b. ti.nn nr now taken In and the
steamship companies thus are given a
reason unu u auui
Immigrants to ot)tor ports, we can be
confident that they will bo hotter dls-
trlbuted throughout tno country. vjr'
.i.tnn. tuhirh tnntia to send the immi
grants west and south Into rural life
helps tne country.
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AND
PROGRESS OF OUR HOME STATE
ORCHARD BRINGS $300,000.
Michigan Capitalists Buy Great
Lownsdalo Property.
Lafayette Millard O. Lownsdalo,
pioneer orchardist of Oregon, and
founder of the great applo growing in
dustry in tho Northwest, has retired
from active life. He has sold his 300
acre orchard near Layfayetto to a com
pany of Michigan capitalists. Al
though Mr. Lownsdale is silent as to
the financial conaideration which the
deal involves, it is understood that the
purchase price is close to $300,000.
Mr. Lownsdale was virtually the
pioneer of all latter-day apple growers
in the Willamette valley. When he
planted his orchard 21 years ago apple
growing was almost a lost art. The
possibility of growing apples often had
been denied, even the pioneers of the
valley having concluded that it was not
possible to produce the wonderful re
sults that had given the valley a
great reputation before the fruit pests
appeared.
The work of Mr. Lownsdale has re
established the apple growing industry
in the great valley reaching from Port
land to Eugene. His orchard has been
a material demonstration of his ideas,
this year crowning his success with a
record production of 76,000 boxes.
Air. tiownsdale nas in mind the es
tablishment of a market for handling
the fruit of this .region, and hopes to
perfect the organization of ja Willam
ette ValleyUFruit Growers' association,
the object being to provide a common
channel for the output.
RECLAIM 15,000 ACRES.
Weed Interests Build Big Levee in
(Wood RivNsr Valley.
Klamath Falls To reclaim 15,000
acres of land in the, Wood River valley,
a levee 24 miles in length is being
built by Senator Abner Weed, of Sis
kiyou, Cal. The work is about half
finished. i
Senator Weed owns 15,000 acres of
land in the valley between the mouth
of Wood river and the mouth of Seven-
mile creek, and this levee along the
lake shore is to protect these large
holdings from the lake overflow in the
wet seasons. This land of the sena
tor's is some of the best in this valley
for hay and grazing purposes. The
levee will serve as an embankment to
keep the water from overflowing the'
land and the ditch will serve as a drain
for the wet land lying along it.
OREGON COW BRINGS $700.
W. O. Minor Gets Top Price for
(Shorthorn at Chicago Show.
Chicago "Bright Star," a Short
horn cow brought to the International
Livestock exhibition-by W. O. Minor,
of Heppner, Or., was sold for $700.
The animal is 2 years old. Mr.
Minor has secured top prices for all the
breed animals he brought to the show,
besides winning several prizes with
them.
W. A. Forbes, of Sacramento, Gal.,
is attending the show, with the inten
tion of buying 300 dairy cattle to take
back to his California farm. He is
the proprietor of one of the largest
dairies on the Coast.
STATE TO USE ONE SCHOOL.
"hreo of the Four '.Normals Will Re
main Cloood.
There will probably be no state nor
mal school next year except at Mon
mouth, the institution provided by an
initiative measure at the recent elec
tion. This is the opinion of W. B.
Ayer, a member of the board of regents
for the state normal schools. The
schools at Drain, Ashland and Weston
will remain idle unless the legislature
makes provision for their mainte
nance, which is regarded aa unlikely
by those close to the situation.
The board of regents is composed of
the governor, secretary of state, super
intendent of public instruction; E. E.
Bragg, of Union county; C. E. Spence,
head of the State Grange; Stephen
Newell, of Grants Pass; Henry J.
Maier, of The Dalles; E. Hofer, of
Salem, and C. L. Starr, of Salem.
The governor is chairman of the board.
A meeting will probably not be called
until the latter part of January, when
incoming officers who will have charge
of the schools may be present.
"Undoubtedly the normal school at
Monmouth will be the only one main
tained next year," said Mr. Ayer, "as
the legislature made no appropriation
for other schools. The board of re
gents has no power to dispose of nor
mal Bchool property, and I suppose the
schools at Drain, Ashland and Weston
will remain idle. The meeting of the
board is subject to call of the chair
man, x do not tninK it would do ad
visable to call a meeting until some
time in January, when all the mem
bers, who will have direct supervision
of the normal schools, will be present.
"A meeting in January would also
be to advantage, as the legislature will
then be in session, and the board would
go before that body with matter per
taining to the various institutions.
Oxford Accepts Papers.
University of Oregon, Eugene
Word has come from Oxford uni
versity, Oxford, England, that the ex
aminers' board was satisfied with the
Cecil Rhodes scholarship examination
papers presented by Dean Collins and
William E. S. John, of the University
of Oregon, and Henry R. Bowler and
Carroll H. Wooddy, of McMinnville
college. The examinations were held
in Eugene in October and included Lat
in, arithmetic and higher mathematics.
Four Postmasters Named.
Washington Postmasters were ap
pointed as follows: Barlow, Clacka
mas county, James M. ErickBon; Cove,
Union county, Helen M. Ramsdell;
New Pine Creek. Lake county, Henry
Nendt, Jr.; Willamina, Yamhill coun
ty, Ora Godsey.
PORTLAND MARKETS.
Three Postoffices for Crook.
Prineville Three postoffices were
established in Crook county December
1. Hat Rock is a new office, 11 miles
from Prineville. It is located south
and east of Powell Buttes, near the
Prineville Bear Creek Butte road.
Mrs. Louise E. Becker is postmistress.
Rolyat is situated in Ireland valley,
almost south of Prineville, about 50
miles. Tho postmaster is Mr. Schrad
er. His mail supply will come from
Prineville and will be delivered once a
week by the Prineville-Fife stage line.
La Pine is the postoffice for the new
town, which takes the place of Ros
land. It is near the location of the
former Rosland office, on the line of
the Oregon Trunk railroad. The mail
supply will be daily over the Prine-
ville-Silver Lake line.
Handle Mill In Operation Again.
Bandon The Bandon Broom Handle
mill is running again, and will contin
ue to run all winter. The mill is be
ing operated by Glen Cox, Harold Nel
son and Walter Farrier, while M. F.
Shoemaker has contracted to furnish
the material and handle the output of
the mill. Mr. Shoemaker has made
arrangements with all the sawmills of
this community for the Bquares, bo
there will be no trouble to get a good
supply of material.
Cows Pay Well.
Monmouth Frank Loughary is tak
ing $100 a month from the product of
10 cows.' Besides this cash revenue,
he has lots of skim milk to feed to his
pigs, and he aims to turn them off at 8
months old, weighing 200 pounds each.
With hogs selling at $9 a hundred in
the market one can readily see that
this is a quick way of bringing in good
money at practically no outlay.
Oldest Peach Tree Dies.
Jacksonville On Thnnksgiving day,
weighted down with two inches of
heavy snow, the first poach tree to be
planted in Southern Oregon bowed its
head and died. Peter Brltt planted
tho tree in 1857 In his yard in Jackson
ville and it has borne fruit continuous
ly since I860. It was no doubt one of
the oldest fruit trees in Oregon.
Wheat Track prices : Bluestem,
84c; club, 82c; red Russian, 80c; val
ley, 82c; forty-fold, 83c.
Barley Feed, $22 per ton; brewing,
$23.
Millstuffs Bran, $2425 per ton;
middlings, $2931; shorts, $25.5026;
rolled barley, $24.5025.50
Hay Track prices: Timothy, Wil
lamette valley, $2022 per ton; East
ern Oregon, $2324r alfalfa, $1415;
grain hay, $14.5015.50; clover, $13
14.
Corn Whole, $29; cracked, $30 ton.
Oats No. 1 white, $27.5028.50.
Poultry Hens, 15c pound; springB,
14c; ducks, white, 1617c; geese,
12c; turkeys, live, 20c; dressed, 22
23c; squabs, $2 per dozen.
Eggs Oregon ranch, candled, 45c
per dozen; Eastern, Aprils, 32c; East
ern fresh, 38c.
Butter City creamery, solid pack,
37c per pound; butter fat, 3537c;
Eastern, 31r?p4c.
Pork Fancy, 10llc per pound.
Veal Fancy, 85 to 125 pounds, 12J
13tVjC per pound.
Apples King, 4075c per box;
Wolf river, 75c$l; Waxen, 75c$l;
Baldwin, 75c$1.25; Northern Spy,
75c$1.25; Snow, $1.251.50; Spitz
enbergs, $1.252; Winter Banana,
$1.753.50.
Green Fruits Pears, $1.250?2 per
box; grapes, $11.35; cranberries,
$10.5011 per barrel.
Vegetables Beans, 10llc per
pound; cabbage, $l'l.25 per hundred;
cauliflower, $22.25 per crate; celery,
California, $33.25 per crate; pump
kins, ll6c per pound; sprouts, 7
8c; squash, 11jc; tomatoes, $1.25
per box; carrots, $11.25 per hundred;
parsnips, $11.25; turnips, $1; beets,
$1.251.50.
Potatoes Oregon, $1.25 hundred.
Onions Oregon, j'obbing price, $1.40
1.50 per hundred.'
Cattle Prime steers, $5.756; good
to choice, $5.255.75; fair to good,
$4.76(3)5.25; common, $44.50; choice
to prime cows, $4.75(3)5; good to
choice, beef cows, $4.25(5)4.75; fair to
good, $3.754.25; common to fair, $2
3.50; good to choice heifers, $4.75
5; fair to good, $4.604.75; common
to fair, $44.25; choice to good fat
bulls, $44.25; fair to good, $3.504;
common, $2.50(3)3.50; good choice light
calves, $7(0)7.50; fair to good, $6.50
7; good to choice heavy calves, $5.25
6; fair to good, $4.755.25; common,
$3.754.75; good to choice stags,
$4.505; fair to good, $44.50.
Hogs Choice, $7.758; good to
choice, $7.607.76.
Sheep Yearling wethers, grain fed,
$4.765; old, grain fed, $4.254.50;
choice ewes, grain fed, 3.754; good
to choice, grain fed, $3.253.75; feed
ers, $2.253; choice lambs, grain fed,
$5.756; good to choice, 'grain fed,
$5.75G; poor lambs, $4.955.
Hay fed Bheep and lambs 60c lower
than grain fed.