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About The Madras pioneer. (Madras, Crook County, Or.) 1904-current | View Entire Issue (Dec. 22, 1910)
.tf Recommends Tariff Reforms and rarceis rust, aim Ship Subsidy Measure. t . t nnn uf mil a nrmuii" ...iii nisiw" . una uucu ncn' .1. a n wiiivii ... n4 or. continuous oipiui" t wlh.,CteaS'ut The Hague conitltutcu mates hut rciiw"-::. fiiiriDniiy .... nnnoi.v . rtnwcu nur - a rr ui j---- ..i.i.ian ii v trarae oni:"" to thU pro L ih various v"--;-,- V w" . li inn ' Till V t la rPHH IIIHWIJ - I., lut session F"'.. 'ST. . mlQB Hl't""". . J m ift thi ippwi . i . l. M . tnnn ns . i.nirinn lit"11" in w!,h.?.riimlna'y diplomatic W- rS?dr-rdln the arb- . ...mii rr ciBiiuP ' .... - fcu ,".'.? Jsnuar 11. 100. co.?f MrVS and Great Britain. U ui.vt- - . .. l ntAtnfl 1 lnTiMl Jiror oVtoln or the ' .i.n ami inc - ..... m idluit certain pmor iuuci. - - ..... .... .. n u t-n rn .nil . . . ,infla ur uvih .w . .n:. i..t ih munarcny i ;,ocilmd and her 'I WHICH WU UM4nyn . .inarv inieruuuiNv ' w klngiom or jioniciicB.u i.iinna wnicn imva u mmmv. rcuiiftuui" - ... far tho ameiiorauun L t iK.ri. hv tho Amorlcnn com- ire being broutrM to eonciunou. !,u with all Mtln-Amerlco are . :. .1.-1- .nr.iini iv hclntr nianl- bv the receptions accorucu iu bii- Hons or Argentina, Tho International IJureau or '. n..,t,H. iinlnir a brond and utt "-r . ii. . i work The buccchhiui inouumuii dlioute between Peru and Ecuador .u ..f nnntlnl rn-nncTii- tlatlona rcgardins the refunamgor way iur niutp n.Ma ' : confidently believed, ho Buys, mm timC Will flUHIUW IU UUi.V.awww k ..t.(. 4iim Ttn uni Hrnn nrv .-rt Innntl V II rl . Nicaragua ana mo unwuiruiuu . ..u n.l I lm rnnia nr . r.l... nni.n rni,n nttH n (11 moderation and conciliatory spirit vu ih varlnui factlani urlre irround . I .. . l . . a The extent of this worx ana lt im- ltHIU HIS L 1IICU OlULCfJ. ileal HVIJIIVHIIVII U0 uvxii navvai ns - enioracinK ino uniiro cominur- mnn emcraenii, roreign naiion two or tn tarirr net tno iroiiacnt ntlfta ihm in IK.. i.nnnta nf iVlft ""v "nil v iiia uuiiwino ut, ktav aajrr notice, artor which tne "i umvriunaieiy. inatancoa wnern injurious ana ineauunuio. Fucy or broador ond closer trad ...... . " w WUIIIIUIUU W .U..UUM wai Initiated In tho ndJuatment o! . ... tituiiiituiii uiuTitiuim ml iOf 4K& .ii . ..... . . . ..iiuviit u ii Vila Luiiimvi- vwujmrrce may rol ow thn n mnno inn imiitata. , i. . t lr ' " " - Arcentlnn rmtilc.ui nt. ... vosciB, wnrn a 1 1 rnn rnr nil nr ti.. . . - - - BlTOrtl nr . tiL ueiiiirimflnr in Rnrnrn ir. m. v wi l niiea Hiaiftm ermni on- iiiq i uiKHii nr inn uinrin n?in tnw. i cammercs navo Deen u t i,in vii ma nr niiiiniiii new n . . " 01 competition ana r. """"i Ul HULia in ilm nm Aivnn hruo cii uni nn. Kin - -. v... ---v. .iur in in n.Atnnr rn nh - ----. iiiiiiDiiuiiHiiuin 1 1 -""PcrcH nnri rtn(Hi -m vuinmerrA ! m . i . . iv una Pntntn.k.l.l . a O. I'n t. ... ' . tiivii IIIUI 11IUIIL ""1 direct L,S?iW,'er" U 11,0 nee1 tor . y i nniiA m ... . - . - wnuin i a... .. 01 dlract lin. lrom l" establish o of th. 5 "P110" taken the com- l tr .""!" Canal will find thla "It of im. ".c.ml nation unable to a m a n il KAtil hull.. a. a t "uu nnrnm ornlal I n we cren. "' sornmorcial aineot. U a rnnir nonulnilnn nn... "id. ii m,1 r.MBrvo ""d wr H luhlMT."1"5 of war, tho tram. "1 "t la arm. Z'.V wnout vr hloh i"?1' without a body? For thl IV.,- OSnnOt tOO llrnn,.!. ..... ,"oni i uoqyi ror , .m.,CS" tronglr urira " urante i. ,or ,ulvont on ado- mar ;:," ',!n of nn .h. "v " ancient;"""1 no Amen- P'omatio re.in10enBra(lllal acaul.ltton - uuiuau aro ua ISvarv effort haa been mada tiv onrli dn. nartment chief to reduce the eetlmated eon of till department for the eneulnu flacal year enainir June uu, iuiz. Theie eatlmatei preaont the imalleat turn which will main tain the department!, bureaui and offices of the Government and inott Its other otilliatlone under exutlng law, and a cut of thene eatlmatei would reault In embarrait- Inr the executive branch or the Government In the performance of lta duties. Thla re mark doe not apply to the rivers and har bors estlmalo, rxcept to thoaa for expenacs or maintenance and the meeting or ohll na tions, under authorized contracts, nor does It apply to the publlo bulldlnts LIU nor the Navy uunuinK programme. tiio rrcniaent naya that "as an In- como-produclntf measure the) existing inrirt diii novor nnn uoon exceeded bv any cuntoma bill In tho history of tho country." IIo contlnuea: Tho corporation oxclae tax, nrotiortlon.il to thu net Incomn of every bualnrsa corpora tion In the country, lias worked well. The tax ha been easily collected. Its. prompt payment Indicates that tho Incidence of the tax has not been heavy. It offr, more over, an opportunity for knowledge by tho Government of tho general condition and business of all corporations and that means by far tho most Important part of the busi ness of the country. In the original act pro vision was made for tho publication -of re turns. This provision was subsequently amonded by Congress and the matter left to the regulation of the Preeldent. I have directed tho laauo of tho needed regulatlbna und have made It possible for the public generally to Know irom an examination of the record, the returns of all corporations, the stock of which Is listed on any nubile stock exchange- or Is offered for sale to the general public. The returns of those cor porations whose stock Is not so offered for sale are directed to bo open to the Inspec tion and examination of creditors and stock holders of tho corporation whoso record Is sought. Tho President reviews tho creation of tho Tariff Commission, created In the liopo "that tho question of the rate of a duty Imposed shall becomes more of a business question and less of a political question, to bo ascertained by experts of lont," training ana accurate knowl edge." He Indicates that tho Hoard will not bo nblo to report at this session, but ho hopes to be able to present results at tho opening of the now Congress. He ronows Ills advocacy of tho plan, or which ho says: It facilitates tho removal of noteworthy defects In an Important law without disturb ance of business prosperity, which Is even more Important to the happlneea and the comfort of the people than the elimination of Instances of Injustice In the tariff. Whether or not the protective policy Is to bo continued and the degree of protection to bo accorded to our homo Industries, are questions which the people must decide through tlioir cnosen rcpisntatives; out whatever policy Is adopted, It Is clour that tho necessary legislation should be based on un Impartial, thorough an contlnuoua study of thu facts. Tho mossago favors tho passage of tno bill amending the Volunteer act, and provision for a commission to determine a comprehensive policy for tho organiza tion of tho Kogular Army, tho organized tnllltla mid tho volunteer forcci. Moro competont olllcers of tho rank? of Cap tain arc needed to teach tho new Army, that it may be prepared In time of emergency. Another bill, the adoption of which Is urged, Is the one providing ror CO moro Army Knglncors. "Tho short ness of supply of such ollcors," the mes sage says, "delays Important river and harbor work and important fortification work. I oarnestly recommend the pas sago of this bill which passed the House at tto last session and Is now pending In the Sonate." Of formications, the message says: I have directed that the estimates for ap propriation for the Improvement of coait defenees In the United Slates should be re duced to a minimum, while thoae for the completion of the noeded fortlflcatlona at Corregldor, In tho Philippine Islands, and at I'earl Harbor. In the Hawaiian Islands, should be expedited as much as possible. Tho proposition to make Olongapo and Hublg liay the naval base of the Pacific waa given up, and It Is to be treated merely a supply station, while the fortifications In the Philippines are to be largely confined to Corregldor Island and the adjacent lal anda which command entrance to Manila Day, and which aro being rendered Impreg nable from land and sea attack. The Pacific naval base haa been trans ferred to Pearl Harbor, In the Hawaiian Isl ands. This necessitates the heavy fortifi cation of tho harbor and the establishment of on Important military station near Hono lulu. I urgo that all the citlmatcs made by the War Department for these purposes be approved by Congressional appropriation. Completion of the Panama Canal with in tho tlmo sot, Januury 1, 1915, and with in tho estimated cost, 3"6,0X,000, Is as sured. Tho slldos reported In the Cule bra cut aro clue to disintegration of Igneous rock In oxposuro to tho air and will require additional allownnco of 10, OOO.OOO yards of matorlal to be removed. Tills offers no serious obstacle but would have been so gravo In thu case of a sea lovel canal as to have "taxed the patlonco of thu American people." Tho President reiterates hla opinion that the canal xhoutd bo fortilled. On tho subject of tolls to bo charged, ho quotes the opinion of an oxpert that "a dollar a not ton would not drlvo busi ness away from the canal, but that a hlcher rate would do so." Ho adds: In determining what the tolls should be wo certainly ought not to Insist that for a jood many years to come iney snouiu nmniint in muirh to nav the Intoroat on tho Investment of 1100,000,000 which the United States lias maue in ino cuusiruKuuu of tho ranaL We ought not do this at tint, became the benefits to be derived by the Unltod States for this expenditure aro not to be measured sololy by a return upon tho Investment, ir it were, mon wio cu iiruction mlirht well have been loft to prl vate enterprise. It wus bocauso an adequate ratnrn .mnn Dm money invested could not bo oxpected Immediately, or In the nour futuro, and because thoro were pocullar po litical advantages to be derived from the construction of the canal, that It neces sarily fall to tho dovornniont to advance tno tnonoy ana periorm ma in nrtrtftlnn to the benefit to our naval etrongth, the canal greatly Increases the trade faculties or mo unn win iiii.iiiiiiitp.llv oheanon tho ratos of trans portation In nil freight botwoen the eastern and westofti soaboard and It will greatly Incroase that trade by reason oi me ruuuu tlon In Its cost. Then. It we are to have a world canal, ond If we are anxious that tho routes of tho world's trado shall bo ...i. iinnim, fnnnl. wo must rec ognise that wo have on actlvo competitor In the Sues Canal. Then, too, there are other moons ot crossing '".'".". tho Tohauntepoo raliroau una uy um.i roads and freight routes In Central Amor I. a . r Atlantic lido. In all these cases tho question whether the Panama Canal is to oo u.ou u -toSnigo Increased would ho determined later by tho chargo for Its use. My own Impros Vi... it., mil. nuirht not to exceed t per net ton. On January 1, 1011. tho tolls In the Buea canal aro to bo 7 francs ond S3 centimes for one not ton by Sues Canal measurement, which Is a modinco. tlon or Danubo measurement. A dollar a ton will secure, under the figure above, , gross income from the Panama .Canal of nearly $7,000,000. The coat of maintenance 2nd bperktlon I eetlmated to exceed J.. 000.00O. Ultimately, of course, with tho normal Increase In trade, the Income will approximate the Interest charges upon the Investment, On tho whole. I hould recommond that within certain limits the President be ou- horlxed to fix th toll, of the canal and adjust them to what seems to bo com mercial necessity, , . . . The maintenance of tho completed canal la discussed at lonsth, Mr. Taft would add to tho oqulpmont facilities for fur nish ng drydock, fuel, repairs and supply facll ties to the trado of tho world, This should bo undertaken by tho Government ratlior than by private enterprise, Mr, Taft believes. Ho adds: I cannot close this reference to the canal without suggesting as a wise addition to the Interstate commerce law e provision prohibiting Interstate commerce railroads from owning or controlling ships engaged n trade through tho Panamo Canal. I be lieve such a provision Is needed to save the people of the United States the benefits of the competition In trade between the oaatorn and weatorn seaboards which this canal will be constructed to seoure. The duties' Of the Dennrtmnt nf .Thru tlco have beon groatly increased by leg-iBlatlon- onactod "In tho interest of tho gonera! welfare of the people and ex tending Its actlvltloo Into avonuc plain ly within tho constitutional Jurisdiction, out which it nas not been thought wlso or necessary for tho Gonera! Governin"it herotoforo to occupy." Tho organization has boen so Improved that a vast amount of business has beon disposed of. Par ticular attention Is called to prosecutions of "bucket shops," frauds which have misused the mailing privilege and vlo latlonu of the anti-trust law. Itccommendatlon of a. fdernl lneornor- atlon act is renewed. Con gr con is urged to pay promptly Just claims against tho Government, delays in the paymont of which Injures the reputation of the Gov ernment as an honest debtor. Simpler Judicial procedure la advised. Tho mes sage says: One great crying need In the United States Is cheapening th cost ot litigation by sim plifying Judicial procedure and expediting final Judgment. Under present conditions, th poor man I at a woeful disadvantage In o legal contest with a corooratlon or rich opponent. The necessity for the reform exists both In the United States Courts and in all state courts. In order to bring It about, however. It naturally fills to tho General Government by Its example to fur- nun a model to all statos. A legislative commission appointed by Joint resolution of Congress to revise the procedure in the United States Courts has as yet made no report. Under tho law the Supreme Court ot the United States has the power and Is given the duty to frame the equity, rules of procedure which are to obtain In the Federal Courts of first Inttance. In view of the heavy burden on pressing litigation which that court has had to carry, with one or two of Its members Incapacitated through 111 health. It has not been able to take up problems of Improving the equity procedure, which has practically remained the same since the or ganization of the court In 1780. It la rea sonable to expect that with all the vacancies upon th court filled. It will take uo the question of cheapening and simplifying the procedure In equity rules In the courts of the United States. The equity business Is much moro Important In the Federal Courts, and I may add, much the more expensive. I am strongly convince that the best meth od ot Improving judicial procedure at law Is to empower the Supreme Court to do It through the medium of the rules of the court, as In equity. This Is the way In which It has been done In England and thor oughly done. The simplicity and expedition of procedure In tho Kngllsh court today make a model for tho reform of other sys tems. No man ought havo as a matter of right a review of his case by tho Supreme Court. Hs should be satisfied by one hearing be fore a court of first Instance and one re view by a court of appeals. The proper and chief usefulness of the Supreme Court, and especially of the Supreme Court of the United States la. In the caaes which come before It. so to expound the law and es pecially the fundamental law tho Constitu tion as to furnish precedents for the Infe rior courts In future litigation and for the executive officers In the construction of statutes and the performance of their legal duties. Therefore, any provisions for re view of caaea by the Supreme Court that caat upon that court the duty of passing on ques tions ot evidence and th6 construction of particular forms of Instruments, like Indict ments, or wills, or contracts, decisions not of goneral application or Importat.co, merely burden the court and render more lilfflcult Its higher function. The Supreme Court Is now carrying an unnecessary burden of ap peals of thla kind, arid I carneatly urge that It be removed. I Wish to renew my urgent recommenda tion made In my last f.nnual message In favor of th passage of a law which shall regulate the Issuing of Junction In equity without notice In accrdance with the best practice now In vogi.e In the courts of the United States. I regard this ot ekpeclal im portance, first becat.se It has been promised, and second became it will deprive those who now complalw of certain alleged abuses In the Improper (.suing of Injunctions with out notice of auy real ground for further amendment ant will take away all sem blance ot suppt rt for the extremely radical legislation the) propose, which will be moat nornlcloua If adopted, will lap the founda tions of Judicial power, and legalize that cruel social Instrument, the secondary boy cott. I further recommend to Congress the pass age of the bill now pending for tho Increase In salaries of the Federal Judges. The coat of living la such, especially In the large cities, that even the salaries fixed In the pro posed bill will enable the Incumbents to ac cumulate little, If anything, to support their families alter their death. Tho postal savings bank system will bo extended gradually. The application of business principles haa resulted in the return of U.500,000 of the J17.500.000 ap propriated to cover tho estimated de licti. Tho Postmaster-General's esti mates for tho present year ore so low aa to bo within the expected roveriue. first, second nnd third-class postmas toru should be placed in tho claadfled service. Tho message adds: It Is more logical to do this than to class ify tho fourth-claaa poatmasters, for the reason that the fourth-class postofflcea are usually small and tho postmaatere aro necea iarlly men who must combine other bual ness with tho postmastorshlp, whereas, tho first, second and thlrd-claBa postmasters ore paid a sufficient amount to Justify the re quirement that they shall have no other business and that they shall devote their attention to their postofflco duties. To classify first, second and third-class post masters would require the passage of on act changing the method of their appoint ment so os to take away the necosslty for the ndvlce and consent of the Sonate. I am awore that this Is inviting from tho Sonato a concession In respect to its quasl oxecutivo powers that Is considerable, but I bollevo it to bo in tho Interest ot good ad ministration and efficiency of .service. To make this chango would toko tho post masters out of politics; would relieve Con- ' u,hn nra now burdenod with the necessity of making rodommendatlons for tho nlaces or a riispu""'""' m Irksome and can creato nothing but trouble; "...ii. nniri rpsult in securing greater at tention to business, greater fidelity and con soauontly grcator economy and efficiency In tho postofflcea which thoy conduct. The unrestricted monnor in which the franking privilege Is now boing used by tno sevoral Federal services and by Con- cress has lam it open vu PU..uuo it hn. been ImDOsslblo without a bet tor control of franking to determine the ac tual oxpense to tho Government of this nractlce. thero can be no doubt that It an I'r..,,". intn the millions. As the first step In the direction of reforms, special stamps and stampod envelopes have been nrovldod for use Instead of franks In tho fVee transmission of the official mail re sulting from tho business of the now postal Savings aystom. By properly rocordlng tho Issuance of suoh stamps and envelopes, ao curato records can be kept of the cost to r..I n..rnmmt of handling the postal sav ings mall, which Is certain to becomo an mportant item of expense and one that huuld so separately determined. In my last message I Invltod the atten tlon of Congress to the Inadoquacy ot the nostal rats Imposod upon second-class mall in.nfnr as that Includes magazines, nnd showed by flguros proparod by experts of tho Postofflco Department that the Gov ernment would bo rendering a service to r."".ni.in. costlnir many millions In ex cess ot the compensation paid. An answer was attemptoa to um uj i i" , of the magazines, and a roply was filed to i. .. hv the Postofflco Department. The uttor Inadequacy of the onswei, con sldorod in tho light of the reply of the Post offlco Department, I think, must appeal to any falr-mlnded person. Whether the on ewor was all that could bo said In behalf I.. - .ni.,in.. ! another auestlon. I agree that the question Is on of fact! but I Insist that It the foct Is as the experts of the Postofflca Department show, that we are furnishing to the owners of magaslnes a sorvlco worth millions more than they pay for It, then justice requires that the rate should bo Incroasod. The increase In the receipts of the department resulting rrom thl chango may be devoted to Increasing the usefulness or xne otpuuiui Ilshlng a parcels post and In reducing the cost of first-class postage to 1 cent. It has been suld by the Postmaster-General that a fair adjustment might bo made under which the advertising part of the magazine should be Charged for at a different and higher rate than- that from the reading matter. This would rellovo many useful magazines that are not circulated at a profit, and would not shut them out from the use of the malls by a prohibitory rate. With respect to the parcels post, I re spectfully recommend its adoption on all rural delivery routes, and that H pounds the International limit be made the limit or carriage In such post, and this with a view to Its general extension when the Income or the postoKIco will permit It ond the pos tal savings bank shall have been fully estab lished. The same argument Is made against the parcels post that was mode against the postal savings bank that It Is Introducing the Government Into a business that ought to be conductod by private persons, and Is paternalism. Th Postoffice Department has a.Kica.t.p,ant and a Breat organization, and, with this machinery, It Is able to do a great many things economically that if a new organization were necessary It would be im possible to do without extravagant expendi ture. That la the reason why the postal a...'F bank can ba carried on at a small additional cost, an why it Is possible to Incorporati nt a very Inconsiderable ex pense a parcels post In tho rural delivery system. A general parcels post will In volve a much greater outlay. With reference to tho government of Alaska ! havo nothing to add to th recom mendations I made In my last message on tho subject. I am convinced that the migratory character of the population. Us unequal distribution and Its smallness of number, which the new census shows to be about 50,000, In relation to the enormous expanse of territory, make It altogether im practicable to give to thoso people who are in Alaska today nnd may not be there a year henco the power to elect a Legislature to govern ai Immense territory to which thoy have a relation so little permanent. It Is far bettor for the development of the territory that It be committed to a com mission, to bo ODDOlnted by the Executive. wun limited legislative powers sufficiently broad to meet tho local needs, than to con- tlnuo the present Insufficient government wun a lew remedial powers, or to make a popular government where there Is not proper foundation on which to rest It. The suggestion that the appointment of a commission will lead to the control of tho government by corporate or selfish ond exploiting interests has not the slightest foundation In fact. Such a government worked well In the Philippines and would work well In Alaska, and those who ore really Interested In the proper development or that territory for the benefit or the people who live In It and the benefit of the people of the United States, who own It, should support tho institution of such o government. I have been asked to recommend that the credit of the Government be extended to aid the construction ot railroads In Alaska. I am not ready now to do so. A great many millions of dollars havo been already expended In the construction of at least two railroads, and If laws be passed pro viding for tho proper development of the resources of Alaska, especially for the open ing up of the coal lands, I believe that the caDltal already Invested will Induce the Investment of mois capital, sufficient to complete the railroads building, ana to tur- nlah cheap coal not only to Alasxa but to tho whole Pacific Coast. The passage ot a Jaw permitting the leasing of Government coal lands In Alaska arter public competi tion and the appointment for the govern ment ot tho territory of a commlsson with enabling powers to meet the local needs will lead to an Improvement In Alaska and tho development of her resources that Js likely to surprise the country. I have already referred to the forests of the United States and their .extent, and havo urged, as I do again, the removal of the limitation of the power upon the Ex ecutive to reserve tracts of land in six Western States in which withdrawal for tms purpose Is now forbidden. The Secretary of Agriculture gives a very full description of the disastrous fires that occurred during the last Summer In the National forests. The Snrretarv estimates that standing timber of the value of 25,000.000 waa destroyed. Seventy-six persons in tne employ or tno Forest Service were killed and many more Injured, and I regret to say that there Is no provision In the law by which the expenses for their hospital treatment or ot their in terment could be met out or pumic lunas. The lied Cross contributed $1000 and the remainder was made up by private contribu tion, rjrlnclnally by the Forest Service ond lta officials. I recommend that suitable legislation be adopted to enable the oecre tary ot Agriculture to meet the obligation of the Government in tnis respect. Praner nrotectlon necessitates, as the Sec retary points out, the expenditure cf a good deal more money In the development of roads and trails In the forests, the establish ment of lookout stations anu teicpnone con nection between them and places where as sistance can be secured. The amount of reforestation shown In the report of the Forest Service only about 13,000 acres as compared with the 150,000, 000 acres of National forests seems small, nnrl T nm L-la.d to note that In this regard the Secretary oi Agriculture ana tne cnitr or the Forest Service are looxing togeiner to the further forestotlon ot Government land. Tro?reaa haa been mode in learning by ex periment the best methods of reforestation. Congress is oppeoled to now by the Secre tary ot Agriculture to naite tne apiiruiirm tinn needed for the enlarging ot the Fo-est Servian in this reeard. I hope that Con gress will approve and adopt the estimate of the Secretary ror mis purpose. The taklnc of the census has proceeded with promptness and efficiency. I concur with the Secretary In that It will be more thorough and accurate than any census wheh has herotovoro been takeh, put It Is not perfect. The motive that prompts men with n falso civic pride to Induce the pad ding ot census roturns In order to Increase tho population or a particular Kiiy imi ucc. strong enough to lead, to fraud In respect to a few cities in this country, and I have directed the Attorney-General to proceed with all the vigor possible against those who aro responsible for tnese irauuo. Thfiv have been discovered and they will not Interfere with the accuracy of the cen sus, but It is oi tne mguuai iuiiiuiuuict that official Inquiry of this sort should not be embarrassed by fraudulent conspiracies In some private or ioca moreu The Commissioner of Corporations has Just completed the first part of a report on tho lumber inausiry ui um umiwu awn., rhio rmrt does not treat of the question of a trust or combination In the manufac ture of lumber, a subject to oo aeau wun intn.- Thn CnmmisBlnner does find, however, a change In tho ownership of tho standing timber of tho Unltcu states otner uiuii mo Government timber, that calls for serious attention. Tho direct Investigation made by the Com- mlssloner coverea an area which tuumin. SO per cent of the privately owned tim ber of the country. His report shows that ono-half of the tlmbor in this area Is owned by 200 Individuals, and corporations; that 14 per cont is ownea Dy tnreo curpumnui.a and that thero Is very extensive inter- awnAra i n nf HtnClC. aS W611 US UlllUr " ' n....,nn nit rinintinir to friendly rela tions among thoso wno own a majority ui this timber, a reiationsnip which uukih lead to a combination for the maintenance of a price that would be very detrimental to tho public Interest and would create the necessity of removing all tariff ob stacles to the free lumber Importation from other countries. The making of matches from phos phorus should bo discouraged by tho 1m nnuittnn of a heavy federal tax, the Tn!rinr believes, because of tho fright ful diseaaes incident to the process, and becauso matches can do muae oi mu terlate wholly innocuous. Tim mpHsnen recommends a law pro vldlng that no laborer or mechanic doing nnv nart of the work contemplated in a contract of the United States for a nnntrnr.tnr nr nnv subcontractor snail ue required or permitted to work more than eight hours in any one cuienuar uuy, The President declares that immigra tion into this country Is Increasing He dcDrocates tho proposed ..hinmniMi nf the buildings at Kills Island for the purposo of permitting the examination or moro minimi n inv than aro now examined. If, ho aays, "It is understood that no more immigrants can bo taken in at Now v-b. ti.nn nr now taken In and the steamship companies thus are given a reason unu u auui Immigrants to ot)tor ports, we can be confident that they will bo hotter dls- trlbuted throughout tno country. vjr' .i.tnn. tuhirh tnntia to send the immi grants west and south Into rural life helps tne country. INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESS OF OUR HOME STATE ORCHARD BRINGS $300,000. Michigan Capitalists Buy Great Lownsdalo Property. Lafayette Millard O. Lownsdalo, pioneer orchardist of Oregon, and founder of the great applo growing in dustry in tho Northwest, has retired from active life. He has sold his 300 acre orchard near Layfayetto to a com pany of Michigan capitalists. Al though Mr. Lownsdale is silent as to the financial conaideration which the deal involves, it is understood that the purchase price is close to $300,000. Mr. Lownsdale was virtually the pioneer of all latter-day apple growers in the Willamette valley. When he planted his orchard 21 years ago apple growing was almost a lost art. The possibility of growing apples often had been denied, even the pioneers of the valley having concluded that it was not possible to produce the wonderful re sults that had given the valley a great reputation before the fruit pests appeared. The work of Mr. Lownsdale has re established the apple growing industry in the great valley reaching from Port land to Eugene. His orchard has been a material demonstration of his ideas, this year crowning his success with a record production of 76,000 boxes. Air. tiownsdale nas in mind the es tablishment of a market for handling the fruit of this .region, and hopes to perfect the organization of ja Willam ette ValleyUFruit Growers' association, the object being to provide a common channel for the output. RECLAIM 15,000 ACRES. Weed Interests Build Big Levee in (Wood RivNsr Valley. Klamath Falls To reclaim 15,000 acres of land in the, Wood River valley, a levee 24 miles in length is being built by Senator Abner Weed, of Sis kiyou, Cal. The work is about half finished. i Senator Weed owns 15,000 acres of land in the valley between the mouth of Wood river and the mouth of Seven- mile creek, and this levee along the lake shore is to protect these large holdings from the lake overflow in the wet seasons. This land of the sena tor's is some of the best in this valley for hay and grazing purposes. The levee will serve as an embankment to keep the water from overflowing the' land and the ditch will serve as a drain for the wet land lying along it. OREGON COW BRINGS $700. W. O. Minor Gets Top Price for (Shorthorn at Chicago Show. Chicago "Bright Star," a Short horn cow brought to the International Livestock exhibition-by W. O. Minor, of Heppner, Or., was sold for $700. The animal is 2 years old. Mr. Minor has secured top prices for all the breed animals he brought to the show, besides winning several prizes with them. W. A. Forbes, of Sacramento, Gal., is attending the show, with the inten tion of buying 300 dairy cattle to take back to his California farm. He is the proprietor of one of the largest dairies on the Coast. STATE TO USE ONE SCHOOL. "hreo of the Four '.Normals Will Re main Cloood. There will probably be no state nor mal school next year except at Mon mouth, the institution provided by an initiative measure at the recent elec tion. This is the opinion of W. B. Ayer, a member of the board of regents for the state normal schools. The schools at Drain, Ashland and Weston will remain idle unless the legislature makes provision for their mainte nance, which is regarded aa unlikely by those close to the situation. The board of regents is composed of the governor, secretary of state, super intendent of public instruction; E. E. Bragg, of Union county; C. E. Spence, head of the State Grange; Stephen Newell, of Grants Pass; Henry J. Maier, of The Dalles; E. Hofer, of Salem, and C. L. Starr, of Salem. The governor is chairman of the board. A meeting will probably not be called until the latter part of January, when incoming officers who will have charge of the schools may be present. "Undoubtedly the normal school at Monmouth will be the only one main tained next year," said Mr. Ayer, "as the legislature made no appropriation for other schools. The board of re gents has no power to dispose of nor mal Bchool property, and I suppose the schools at Drain, Ashland and Weston will remain idle. The meeting of the board is subject to call of the chair man, x do not tninK it would do ad visable to call a meeting until some time in January, when all the mem bers, who will have direct supervision of the normal schools, will be present. "A meeting in January would also be to advantage, as the legislature will then be in session, and the board would go before that body with matter per taining to the various institutions. Oxford Accepts Papers. University of Oregon, Eugene Word has come from Oxford uni versity, Oxford, England, that the ex aminers' board was satisfied with the Cecil Rhodes scholarship examination papers presented by Dean Collins and William E. S. John, of the University of Oregon, and Henry R. Bowler and Carroll H. Wooddy, of McMinnville college. The examinations were held in Eugene in October and included Lat in, arithmetic and higher mathematics. Four Postmasters Named. Washington Postmasters were ap pointed as follows: Barlow, Clacka mas county, James M. ErickBon; Cove, Union county, Helen M. Ramsdell; New Pine Creek. Lake county, Henry Nendt, Jr.; Willamina, Yamhill coun ty, Ora Godsey. PORTLAND MARKETS. Three Postoffices for Crook. Prineville Three postoffices were established in Crook county December 1. Hat Rock is a new office, 11 miles from Prineville. It is located south and east of Powell Buttes, near the Prineville Bear Creek Butte road. Mrs. Louise E. Becker is postmistress. Rolyat is situated in Ireland valley, almost south of Prineville, about 50 miles. Tho postmaster is Mr. Schrad er. His mail supply will come from Prineville and will be delivered once a week by the Prineville-Fife stage line. La Pine is the postoffice for the new town, which takes the place of Ros land. It is near the location of the former Rosland office, on the line of the Oregon Trunk railroad. The mail supply will be daily over the Prine- ville-Silver Lake line. Handle Mill In Operation Again. Bandon The Bandon Broom Handle mill is running again, and will contin ue to run all winter. The mill is be ing operated by Glen Cox, Harold Nel son and Walter Farrier, while M. F. Shoemaker has contracted to furnish the material and handle the output of the mill. Mr. Shoemaker has made arrangements with all the sawmills of this community for the Bquares, bo there will be no trouble to get a good supply of material. Cows Pay Well. Monmouth Frank Loughary is tak ing $100 a month from the product of 10 cows.' Besides this cash revenue, he has lots of skim milk to feed to his pigs, and he aims to turn them off at 8 months old, weighing 200 pounds each. With hogs selling at $9 a hundred in the market one can readily see that this is a quick way of bringing in good money at practically no outlay. Oldest Peach Tree Dies. Jacksonville On Thnnksgiving day, weighted down with two inches of heavy snow, the first poach tree to be planted in Southern Oregon bowed its head and died. Peter Brltt planted tho tree in 1857 In his yard in Jackson ville and it has borne fruit continuous ly since I860. It was no doubt one of the oldest fruit trees in Oregon. Wheat Track prices : Bluestem, 84c; club, 82c; red Russian, 80c; val ley, 82c; forty-fold, 83c. Barley Feed, $22 per ton; brewing, $23. Millstuffs Bran, $2425 per ton; middlings, $2931; shorts, $25.5026; rolled barley, $24.5025.50 Hay Track prices: Timothy, Wil lamette valley, $2022 per ton; East ern Oregon, $2324r alfalfa, $1415; grain hay, $14.5015.50; clover, $13 14. Corn Whole, $29; cracked, $30 ton. Oats No. 1 white, $27.5028.50. Poultry Hens, 15c pound; springB, 14c; ducks, white, 1617c; geese, 12c; turkeys, live, 20c; dressed, 22 23c; squabs, $2 per dozen. Eggs Oregon ranch, candled, 45c per dozen; Eastern, Aprils, 32c; East ern fresh, 38c. Butter City creamery, solid pack, 37c per pound; butter fat, 3537c; Eastern, 31r?p4c. Pork Fancy, 10llc per pound. Veal Fancy, 85 to 125 pounds, 12J 13tVjC per pound. Apples King, 4075c per box; Wolf river, 75c$l; Waxen, 75c$l; Baldwin, 75c$1.25; Northern Spy, 75c$1.25; Snow, $1.251.50; Spitz enbergs, $1.252; Winter Banana, $1.753.50. Green Fruits Pears, $1.250?2 per box; grapes, $11.35; cranberries, $10.5011 per barrel. Vegetables Beans, 10llc per pound; cabbage, $l'l.25 per hundred; cauliflower, $22.25 per crate; celery, California, $33.25 per crate; pump kins, ll6c per pound; sprouts, 7 8c; squash, 11jc; tomatoes, $1.25 per box; carrots, $11.25 per hundred; parsnips, $11.25; turnips, $1; beets, $1.251.50. Potatoes Oregon, $1.25 hundred. Onions Oregon, j'obbing price, $1.40 1.50 per hundred.' Cattle Prime steers, $5.756; good to choice, $5.255.75; fair to good, $4.76(3)5.25; common, $44.50; choice to prime cows, $4.75(3)5; good to choice, beef cows, $4.25(5)4.75; fair to good, $3.754.25; common to fair, $2 3.50; good to choice heifers, $4.75 5; fair to good, $4.604.75; common to fair, $44.25; choice to good fat bulls, $44.25; fair to good, $3.504; common, $2.50(3)3.50; good choice light calves, $7(0)7.50; fair to good, $6.50 7; good to choice heavy calves, $5.25 6; fair to good, $4.755.25; common, $3.754.75; good to choice stags, $4.505; fair to good, $44.50. Hogs Choice, $7.758; good to choice, $7.607.76. Sheep Yearling wethers, grain fed, $4.765; old, grain fed, $4.254.50; choice ewes, grain fed, 3.754; good to choice, grain fed, $3.253.75; feed ers, $2.253; choice lambs, grain fed, $5.756; good to choice, 'grain fed, $5.75G; poor lambs, $4.955. Hay fed Bheep and lambs 60c lower than grain fed.