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About The Umpqua weekly gazette. (Scottsburg, O.T. [Or.]) 1854-1855 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 27, 1855)
A Wkil Ordkkkd IIomi.." Theso words aro a " homo thrust " to tunny in tiraolionl lessons of wisdom. Tho relations of husunnd And wifo, parents niul ohildron, and brothers and sisters, .nro nil embrnceit within their meaning. To tho husband, love, kindness, honesty, sincerity nnd forbeitr anco toward tlin chosen pnrtnor of Ills life, aro cssontial. To tho wife, a lovina heart. a cheerful homo; "bright Arcs instead of Mack stoves," smiles of welcome, devotion and obedienco, mutual forbearance, mutual intoresU, a cultivation of mutual tastes, pursuits and studies, a lovo of tho beautiful and truo. To parents, fixed rules of gov. ornmont for children, foundod on justico and mercy, whoso fruit is lovo, recognizing and strictly obsorving tho rights of tho child, as scrupulously as they demand obo dlonco ; to cuitivato order and system in all things, and a tasto for tho useful nnd beau tiful, instead of follies nnd frivolities all these aro equally essential. Provido nmuso inents for children, if you would keep them from socking it away from homo. Mako tho houso cheorful and happy nnd desirable, if you would havo it irrosistablo to all tho members of it Discard tho austerity and cold stiffness of formallity, but observe all tho truo and genuino politeness of honesty, hearty humanity, which teaches usto " do unto others, as wo would that others should do unto us," and " lovo ono another." Such a homo should every christian family bo. Then tho seeds of pioty, honesty, up richtness, cheerfulness, and elevated happi ness, sown and nurtured in tho homo, would spring up and grow nnd multiply, as tho different momucrs ot theso (amines ra diatod to all points of tho compass liko 2 halo of dory ; and "neaco on earth, and good will to men," would bo tho glorious result. Tied Down at Home. A friond of ours, living not far from Pontine, was im nortuncd ono day lately, by his wifo to tako tier to rtuo. ino gonueman ueing a man of business, pleaded ids engagements, whon his wifo replied with tho old story, that sho must bo lieu down at homo, iho nusbami rejoined that if any person would furnish him witlt clothing to wear ana enough to cat and drink, ho would bo willing to bo tied down at home. A fow days after, the gentleman camo homo earlier than his custom, and being fatigued, lay down on tho sofa and fell into a sound sleep. His wifo took cords and alyly tied his hands together served his feet in tho same way, and mado him fast to tho sofa. She then set a tablo, with all that tho hoHSO afforded, and placed an extra suit of his clothes within his roach. This done, sho started to nay a friend a visit Upon her return lato in tho evening, tho found her subject of domestic disciplino as aha left him. except be was wido awako and very mad. " What on earth does all this mean t" aid ho. "Nothing," quietly remarked his wife, "except tho consumation of your earthly wishes enough to cat, drink anu wear, and to bo tied down at home!" That couplo was seen ndinir the next day. Detroit Advertiser. A Few IIocsnuoLU If i.-vrs.-To Whiten the Teeth. Mix Loney with finely pow dcrcd charcoal and uso tho paste as a den trifice. Fon FttspinATO.v or the IIanim wiiex Skwino. Hub them ocasionally witlt dry wheat bran. To Sew New axi Stiit Cloth Easi tv. Pass a cako of whito soap a few times overit,and tho nccdlo .will penetrate easily. To Clean Fuknitube Calico. Shake off tho loose dust, then lightly brush with a furniture bruib, aftor which, wipe cldsely with clean ilannel, and tub with dry bread. This will mako them look nearly as well as now. NranEU op Slaves in the Wodid. Tho African Institution of Paris an asso ciation for tlio diffusion of civilization and Christian light in Africa has recently is sued a circular which shows U1.1t tbo'num ber of blacks held in slavery in different countries U seven and a half millions, of -which 3,000,000 aro in tho United States, 8,250,000 in Brazil, 000,000 in tho Span ish colonics, 85,000 in tho Dutch colonies, 140,000 in tho republics of Central Amer ica, and 80,000 in European establish ments in Africa. FonoEBiES. L. A. Liliie,says tho Wood stock (Vt.) Age, has by tho use of other names, drawn to the amount 815,000 from soveral of tho State Banks. He is now in custody. Other forgerios are known to have been committed by Warren L. Golden, a lumber merchant at Schuy lervillo, and it is understood that bo has been carrying on his nefarious practice for years. Previous to the discovery ho ab sconded, after making an assignment of his property to his father. IJunvan ami the Quakek. John Hun yan, whilo in Bedford jail, was called upon by a Quaker desirous of making a convert of him. " Friend John, I have corno to theo with a message from tho Lord, and af ter having searched for thee in all tho pris ons in England, I am glad that I have found theo out at last" "If tho Lord had sent you," returned Bunyan, "you need not havo taken such pains to find mo out, for tho Lord knows I have boeu hero twelve years." wAiaiiraiEs. Jtautrr unlet scissors the things that are Seisiors. A Haku Hit.-Tho Cincinnati Gmrttc, referring to tho fact that several tmupcrs from Europe had been shipped back bv tho authorities uf lloston, says: Wo may not object to paupors being sent back to tho placo from whence they cmno, only it strikes us that n city which permits a polico court to sond back whito men nnd women thrco thousand miles across tho ocean, because they aro poor, ought not'to mako so much fuss about a commissioner sending a negro baok to Virginia, because ho is a slave. That's all. 0O According to tho newspapers. Mr. Hume, on tho presentation of his picture. said that his "chief niui in life had been to promoto tho good of tho greatest number." iho reports omit tostatothat Lord John Hum ell hero interrupted him with tho ques tion "What is tho groatost number!" And that Mr. Humo, with great prompt!. tude, replied "A umber one," to bo sure." Decidedlv Uich. Speaking of tho re cent nppoaranco of tho soa serpent near Dunkirk, IS. 1., tho Journal of that placo says : "Wo aro also told that several of ourfishorman hnvo long been impressod with tho idea, from actual observation, of tho cxistenco of some imaginary monster in tho watore of tho lake." Very few per sons nro favored with actual observation of imaginary monsters. Sensimx. Tho first nnd most impor tant femalo quality is sweetness of temper. Heaven did not givo to the femalo sex in sinuation and persuasion in order to bo surly ; it did not mako them weak in order to be imperious; it did not givo them a sweet voico in order to bo employed in scolding ; nor did it provido them with del icato features in order to bo disfigured with anger. Tun most agreeable companion is a sim ple, frank man, without any high preten sions to an oppressive greatnoss, ono who loves life, nnd understands tho uso of it; obliging alike at all hours ; abovo all, of a golden temper, and steadfast as an anchor. ror such a ono wo would gladly exchango tho greatest genius, tho most brilliant wit, the profoundest thinker. Poor Fellow. 'Tho Editor of a coun try newspaper thus takes leavo of his read ers : " 'llio Sheriff is waiting for us in tho next room, so wo have no timo to bo pa thetic. Major Nab'em says wo aro wanted, and must go. Delinquent subscribers, you havo much to answer for. Heaven may for givo you, but I nover can." To Clean Paint. Smear a pieco of flannel with common whiting, mixed to tho consistency of common paste, in warm water. Hub the surfaco to bo cleaned quito briskly, and wash off with puro cold water. Greaso spots will in this way bo almost instantly removed, as well as filth, and tho paint will retain its brilliancy and beauty unimpaired. "Pleaso, .Mister, givo mo a bundlo of hayi" "lcs, my son. Sixpenny or shilling bundlo t" -Shillin'." "Is it for your father " "So, guess it tain't that's for tho boss. My father don't cat hay." (KT Wiggins says that Americans havo strango modo of salutation. When a friend meets a friend in tho street, ho ex. tends his hand and asks, "how do yon do" Tho other replies, "how do you do!" Thoy both, apparently well satisfied, pass on, al though not one whit tho wiser concerning each other's health. A Lawveh's Stratagem. A lawyer in Bangor, Me., wishing for somo particular roason, to get an adjournment of tho court, went among tho jurors, and reported that ten cases of cholera had occurred that mor ning, i ho court was obliged to aujourn for want of a panel. OCT "Dear sir," lisped a great lady, in n watered silk, at tho World's Fair, "havo tho goodness to inform tno if there aro any noblemen in tho United States 1" "Yes, ma'am," answered Jonathan, "I am ono of them." Pedacooue. Well, sir. What does h-ad-r spell? Boy I don't know. Pod What have you got on your hoad? Boy (scratching) I guess its a muskatccr bite. OiT Omar Pacha has three nephows in the Austrian army. Mevek retire at night without being wis er than when you aroso injho morning by having learned something usoful during thu day. An infnlliblo remedy for redundanoy of stylo is for tho diffuse author to form tho habit of writing advertisements and paying for their inseition. England boasts of her wits. She has many great wits among her sous, 'tis truo but lot thorn producn thcr greatest wit, and wo can show a " WhiUier.'" BUSINESS CAHDS. TmiiurPffllffltEir YVMOMISAIill AMI 1IKTAII. IIKAMHIH IN DUY-aooDs. auooimua. piiovisions, liucenswaro Tinware etc., rcc. CoMMtutuiAt. Srui.i.r, SCOTTSIIUllG, 0. T. M, OlTKN'ltKtVCR, .Vint Francisco. Dec. Uo.lMt. ) r. w, J L.B. MKiimrr, , I Stottr , J burn. Mir TiiovnioN . 11. WAiMwoarii, J. NeTKiw, 11. J. i-itm i COKNI.lt COMMERCIAL STREET AMI I'LAZA SCOTTSHUKO, 0. T., ynou:s.iLH df.ilkiis i.y DRY-GOODS, GROCERIES, PROVISIONS, Hoots tuil Shoe, Htttt uud cupt, IEIA!B!DWA!BUJ, ffHMWAIBlB, Stores, Liquors and Cigars, Together with a general assortment ofMcrchan dtze, adapted to tho wants of Formers, Miners ami othcra.' inaylU-tf. BROffl. DRUM & CO,. Commercial ttrttl, StUVVTSUlHU., O. T; WHOLESALE PEALEItn IN (BiBoiDiBiBings, wwwmvm, DRY-GOODS tc CLOTHING, Hoots, Shoes and Hats, Hardware, Crockery, (Hats A: 7 'in Ware With a general nssortmont of merchandise, suitable ror me turning trade, pw ricaso call and ciamlno u wo will sell at tbclowcrst market ratca."ti Dec. Uu, ly. SAMUEL S. MANN. WHOLESALE AMI 11ETAIL IIEALElt IN W$r-(BOT)3, MUIBIBingQ, Hardware, Qucenstcare, Clothing, At. Sic. Front ttrcct, at McTavtsh's old stand, SC0TT3HUKG, 0. T. Dec. 3o, tf LEVI KKNT. II. M. TIIOMI-SO.V. a. w. voom:. I MANDI'ACTl'IIERS ANII IIEALEKS IN LictilUev, 11 ;i mess 11 nil A Largs assortment of leather, such m sklrt lng, Harness, Sole, Upjer and Calf skin cons tan 1 ly on hand. Also every thing In the (ad dle and harness line. Saddler's hardware, Ac., a cheap u can be afforded anywhere In Oregon. ;J3- Cah paid for hides." Scotlfburg, Dec. 3o, tf. IBffiiDIRDMf. 1.. IV. 1-lSWlu, M. 1. Physician. Surgeon & Accoucheur. scbrrsnuHG, o. t. OlTiee at tho "Scottsburg House," Main street. Jan 13, 37-tf. StgEtTim STEASlBRj EXCELSIOR WILL mako regular trips ai heretofore, from ScottMjiirg to tho mouth of tho Urop qua, touching at Protidcnco Gardner, Umpua City, l'yramid rock ic. Deo. 3o, tf. ROSILIAN HOUSE. IHAVK opened a new house, opponlta Gardi ner, on tho Unipqua, for the accommodation of tho public The table will lie ruiiplltd at all times with tho ben the country alfurdi. such as Hear, Klk, Deer, Anteloix:, (jow, Duck, 0 rouse, rhcamiDt. Porlc. Ilcef and mutton meats, togeth er with every variety of fhh. A trail will txi ojicncd In a rhort timo from Winchester Hay to my houno. which Is only two ml In. which will navo the dlQIculty of ferrying the Umfiqua. jx-c. 30, tr. voi. ukazi;. LANGDON'S HOTL. HAVING taken the well-known Hotel fop rrnrly kept by Mr. Craio, will uie every ollort to mako thoso comfortablo who may givo htm a call, Tho tablo will bo supplied with tho bcrt tho market uOords. The chotceit liquors and cigars may always Im found at tho bar. A. U. LANG DON. Scotteburg, Dec. So, tf. ADDISON C. GIBBS. Attorney and Counsellor at Law, Solicitor in Chancery, and Commissioner for the State of New York, r?rOf!lco and residence at Garuinku, Utiro.UA Countt, 0. T. dco.lMf. R. E. STRATTON, Attorney and Counsellor at Law, and Soli- cilor in Chancery. r-.Ofiice ixt his rcsldenco near Wi.sciiKSTicn, Douglas county. docU-tf STEPHEN F. CHADWIGE, Attorney and Counselor at Law, and SOLICITOR IN CHANCERY. SCOTTSBtfrG, O.T. Juno3, l&it-tf. I). II. IlEKm.V, r. v. nusr. BREHAN & PRIM, OFFICES At Jacksonville and Uoikdouo. may2G-tf. BUSINESS CAltDS. ' tllLHUIl k CO.;" UANUiJicniniinH uc ami iikalkik in OILS. OIL WOIIKS-ll t Ilrnnilwny. OFKIOI'-im llattcry, corner of Clay utrcot, Shu I'riinclioo, Unl. dec. S.vilm HINSDALE & CO., Wholesale Dealers in dYiioral Mercliandlso OOKNEU OF MAIN ANU NEMIIN STB., i.owKit scoTTSiimin, WOULD Invito tho attention of Trader. I'neUcK, and Farmers to their large mid well selected Mock of Clothluit, Dry Uoodn, Hoots and Shoe, Hardware, Groceries, Ac,, which they offer for nalo at prices which will bo an Induce ment to tlinKO wlnhhiK to purchase. Call and Inspect our stock. ap2H-ly, ALLAN, LOWE & CO., COMMISSION MKUUHANTS, 132 CLAY STrlUn', Nun I'ruiU'Ut'o. AUAN, Mt.hlM.tr .V Co., BCOniultIllU' ap2H-Cm P 1 I J I I 1 . jjrO- Glass cut to order. t Commercial Street, SciUlsburg, O. T. Dec. , :im. WLYMR A llllASUKMENT. r-OTHE STFAMERfisSt AVASKINGTON, OAl'T. J. U. HArltlS, 7"ILL leavo Allan, McKinlay A Co.'s wharf T T every Satunlny evening, with the United Rtatei Mali fur (lardlner, 1'rpvlileiico, lrniun. City and Pyramid Kock; rcliirnlnj,', will lento Umpqua City on Kumlay morning, at H o'clock. TlioWASIIlNGTON will imct tcmcI. nt all other tlmex, nnd rceivo freight and p.vtngerii for very jnolnt within Iho hounds of navigation on tho Uu)ua rircr. For freight or jiamuigo aj ply on board, or to ALLAN, .MCM.M.A V A CO., Nov. lip 1851 -tf J Lower Scotttbnrg. AMOS E. ROGERS, IIMI'llli: CITV, HAS on hand a well anwtcd Mock of Dry Good, Groceries, Hunts .V Shoes, Ac, Ac, Ao. He Is anxious to N'll, vnd w lilies It to to un dcrtlool that Ire U prepared lo cilfcr goods :x TRr.wn.r low rtrn cash. If any doubts are en tcrtnlnc"! about tho matter, ho will lm excecj. Ingly obllgcl, If jxTfonV doubtln;;, will K.cdtly call, nnd at once put It to tho test. Ktnplro City, May 5, lMt-tf .'UO..ATK COURT. RKOULAIt terms of the I'rolato Court of Umppi.t County, will Iw held on the flrst Tueftlnys In each month, at HcotUburg precinct. Tenons hatlog business In Tnentlon will call at tbe.otlice on Long 1'ralrie, whire the Judga may be found. S. I. CHADWICK, Judge. July 17, lMI-tf. WILLIAM E. LEWIS, BOAT BUILDER AND SPAR MAKER. MILL CUKKK, VMI'UI'.V UIVKII. BOATS Itepalre-l, and all kinds of CaqnUr Work done ut the shortest notice and on tho most reaionable term. April 28, IWI-tf MS. FJieO & CD'S ElKS. Jlcttrccn Orrijon, California, the Atlantic States, ami Eurtnte. HAVING mado advantageous arrangements with the United States and l'nclfic Mail Steamrhlp Companies for transportation, wo are now prepared to forward (lold Duit, llullion, Npteir, j'aehaiftM i'arrtli ana rrttKia, 10 aim from New York, New Orleans, San Francisco and Portland, and tho principal towns of California and Oregon. Our regular Semi-monthly Eirreis between Portland and San Francisco, Is dlipatchnl by thu I'acIllcMull Steamship Co.'s steamship Columbia, connecting at Han Francisco with our semi-month ly KxpreM to .rtn York ami Vrw iirltant, whlchjsdlspatched regularly, on tho lstandlOlh of each month by the mall steamers and in charge of our own inesM-ngers, through to destination. Onr i:nrc,ss from New York loaves regularly on tho Sth and -111 of each month, ulso In charge of messengers. Trtaiure innured In tho best Now York Corn panics, or ut Lloyd's In London, at tho option of shippers. Connecting Lines on tho Atlantic Side. Wo connect nt New York with tho following well known linos, vli : The jlmeritan Kxjirtu Company, running via Ilull'ulo ami Dunkirk to Cleveland, Sandusky, Cincinnati, St. Louis, To ledo, Detroit, Chicago, Galena, etc. The liar nil en Kxpreu tolJostou, Philadelphia, Washington, etc. l'ullen, Virgil tf Co.'s Vermont and Canada Ilxprcss ; Davenport, Maion If Co.'s New Veiiford Kxprcss; Livinifilon, Wells ft Co.'s Kuropeau KxnrcFs; Wells, Fareo if Co.'s OmcKs New York, No. Hi, Wall st.; New Orleans, No. 11, Kxchango I'laco; San Francisco, No. HI, Montgomery street. W. H. DAIINIIAKT & CO., Agents. Portland, O. T July !M, 1851-tf NOTICE. ALL those knowing themselves Indebted to this Office, for subscription, advertising or job work, prior to this date, uro respectfully reques ted to cither call on us and settle, or pay the amounts tosouioof our authorized agents, as tho recent change In tho proprietorship of tho print ing establishment makes it nccctuary to settle up our accounts to this time. November 4, 1851. DllCaS A, 110Y1). Fresli Butter, Eggs, IpLOUR, Pork, etc., will lio luken nt this office . on subscription, advertising and job work. Nov, 11. l IV 4 H V U i 'V 13 H or Tin: UMPQUA WEEKLY GAZETTE. The only JWwptiprr piibllihnl In Southern (hfj(i)n, rpillS l'APKIt Is devoted lo the principle of X tlin Democratic Party, and tu tlin Interests or Soillli)riirtuuu I to l.llernlint,.1g rlcultuie, Foreign ami lloimttlr Aries, the .UorArM, Ac. Ac. Located III tho nourishing town of Hcottsburg, thu Metropolis of Southern Oregon, mid at thu head of navigation of tho Uuipiput ilver -tlin unturiil outlet of the UuiNiiiit and Itnguu river tnllcys- and with a certain prurpeet of Indtig speedily placed III cominiiiilcatloii with Hail l'ron clsco by iiieaiisof 8rr.Asi, our portion will givo us unrivaled adtautages fur the early receipt of news niul commercial Intelligence White woslinll uphold Iho principles of thn National Democratic Party, wn shall not ibwcriid to the porltlon of an organ uf 11 cllipie, Tuition or Individual) bcltut lug that such a course U foreign M true Democracy, and that a pa)er wlil, h takes such a position Is unworthy of thu conlldvneo of tli 11 party. Wo shall also further bv every means In our power, tho Interests of the cuinmiiiilty In which no aro located, claiming for .Southern Oregon tho rights duo to her ignition mid Increasing population, nnd watching, with Jealous cure, the iloiolnpmenl of her resources. Our commercial and nuns departments shall also receive proper attention ; mid we shall en deavor, by enri-fiil selections from the principal States' and liiiropean papers, to keep our read ers conttanlly Inlormcd of events us they occur In all parts of the world. Ti:it.lIS. I.llii'ritl Indiicciiimif to tilult. In order tn Increase the circulation of the (1a tfiii:, so oiler the following llbvrnl term to clubs: Two copH, one year, CR Five SIH Ten " " - ' t'M This must 1)0 paid ttriclly in advance, lilher wlio live dollars jier annum will be charged fur each coy Ono copy, one year. .--$.', " sit iiiiintlu $3 " " Ihreo mouths, . 'i No subscrlplliiii nlll bo taken for n shorter timo thin three months. Address, HC'IdS k 1IOYD, Kcoltsburjr,, O. T. UMPQUA GAZETTE Job Printing Oilicc. fPlli; Proprietors, hating a good variety of X. JOII TYl'iy on hand, are prepared to do all kinds of I L A I N AMI ORNAMENTAL JOB PRINTING, On the .SIIOItTKST NOTICit, and on the tnostr HIIASONAIILK TintMS ; such m llooks, l'ainphlots, Circulars. Handbills, Showbills. Concert DUN, Programmes, Hall Tickets, Dill Heads, Addro Cards, lluslnets Cards, Hills of Lading, SteamUmt iillN, lllanks or all kinds; Ac, Ac., Ac, Job work done In BEI8B, WEB9 IBIL'HIS S SUf AfflKHHES to suit customers, Orders solicited IIKOOS A I10YD. Scotlsburg, Nov. IB, IM1. TiTiTinTriisn fIijAiiTKit'riF.s and llLACKWOOh'S MACAXISE. I' KONAKDHCOTT ACO.,New York.eontlnuo J to republish the following Ilrllbdi Periodicals, vis: Tho London Quarterly Ilevlew (Conservative) The lillnburg Itevlew (Whig). Tho North Ilritlsh Itevlew (Free Church). Tho Westminster Itevlew (Liberal). llluckwnod's Kdlnburg Magailno (Tory). Tho present erltlcal state of Uurope'm afTalis will rrmli-r tlu-M tuilillcatiirtis iimisuall'. Interest 1 lug tho present year, (IWt.) Tlo y will oceiipy a nddillo ground between the ea ily.wrlltcnnawii litems, crudo seculatIons nnd Hying rumors of ''10 dally Journal, and the ponderous tone of tho I lutiiru historian, written alter the living Interest 'and ujcllcmunt of the great KlltIcalteutsufth time shall luivu passeu away. 11 is to tneso peri odicals that rcaifera mil t look for tha only really Intidllglblo nnd reliable history of current etentx, and as such, In addition to their wcll-vstahllshod literary, scientific ami theological rharaoter, wo urge tficm upon thu coutlkrallou of the rcadiug public. Arrangements aro In progresi for tho receipt of curly sheets from th IlrilUh publishers, by which wo shall lie ablo to place nil our reprint-) In tho hands of subscribers ulxmt as soon as they can bo furnished with tho foreign copies. Al though this will Involve a very largo outlay oil our part, we shall continue to furnlsii tho Periodi cals at tha same low rates as heretofore, vli : For any ono of tha four Itcvicws, $3 pr anu. For any two of tho four Itcvicws, 0 ' For any throe of tho four Itevlews, 7 " For all four of tho Hcvlown, H " For Illackwood's Magailno, .'I " For Illuckwood and thrco Itevlews, 9 " For lllackrool mid tho four IIovIcwh, 10 " pir Pitymcuts to lioinadu In nil cases In ad vance. Monoy current In tho Stato whero Issued will bo received at par. Cl.tiiiiiMi. A discount of twenty-flva percent, from tho above prices will be allowed to Clubs ordering four or moro coplci of 'any ono or mor of tho aWn works. Thus: Fourcoplcsofillaok wood, or of ono Hovlow, will 1st sent to ono ad dress for $9; four copies of tho four Itevlews and Uhtckwood for $.'10 ; and so on. 1'osTAiiK. 'Innll thu principal Cltlcsand towns, thceo workn will bo delivered, through ArciiW, free of pottage. When sent by mall, tha postago to uuy part of tho United States will bo but twenty-four cents n year for ' Illuckwood,' and but twelve cents it year for eucli of tho lleviowri. ItcmlttanccH nnd communication should al wnyu bo addressed, post-paid, to tho publishers, j.iUNAi.i) Huun a uu novlS CI Cold street, Now York. STOVKSl AN assortment of Chrystal Stoves, with fornl turo complete, for aalo low by IIINSDALIJ & CO. Lower Bcottsburg, Nov. 18, 1601-tf ,jjs -v.