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About Oregon spectator. (Oregon City, O.T. [i.e. Or.]) 1846-1855 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 16, 1851)
i in iMiiiii n r -A -- -m r -i"rmMfcfcM MilMiMhiMi ?-. 'V iiJUJsi . V &W7B i J h iinmii,,, i i-iiok Vol. 0. l.rMiil Opinion. i ht..ui Cur, Hi 'J', HAD. A7r l.ttttnr hnvnlmit irulli trd In pirpan I it nl.1ionti'n a IikI uplnlnn cm. liinruigamHrrstnlliqfuliiiiiiigiiiiiliuti, imultui,! ii iiiimiriiMloii uf tlm ..priittlun nl ik ml, ii i.l ilir lid vcil'.n ofil-' li mI (..iiL-rfMiifHi m ul, l,Ml. t milted ' An An iiiirinin lint olliuri nl .Hurtrvnr lirn. .ml ..I ilm I'lililii. ,mi.. in OrrK'in, ami in rnt i. lu Tor the nurvrr, an, I In lllln do. milinittiM-lllnrsnflli''iai.lpuhliulsu.U." 1.1. wimi ilm mm i,f ilinunrili , ulm or r nauia" a. cmilamiil In tin, 4ih vi ti.Hi uf ii," above cnllil.il acl 1 ...l ui.,,1,,, ii. u..r.l. i. ,,, I ul.n Unii.m Hiilid iipinaii-lciiliivaieililio name lor four, ontccutlvo y ears iVo., ro. tiiic n nu actual ri ti Ii i n tin- l.in.l, as ni.lnwiivil.t m niiiilv ilm iliiiiuaiit tn Ii maii,l n pin lit ' 3t.l In lli. r a lUuianl wli ili II. niK m mil mi tin' luiiil, I, ul li.lniiMn ml .i!lnif b ll.c pliinlin i.f liU piuHinl l.ilvr, n'r by llint ul bit biinl nr a iiiimiiI" r nf lil Innnly, enn ilr- nwunl a ptii nl un.lrr llmui.l li'li m ell .ii Iili Ami if ilm ml iirtnm lt mi on.in ii... nrKitti nndlliM ibird Im iuiii M I in lli, allinnalMP, Blirtln-r llir l.i I tan.ll.rl nml truant it npptival.lr i . n f- In ii iIh lni M'tln mil.. I Int i. ui.ru. n.. nl. I uii-.iIk r iin.l in .ii, liu lib. lln r tb.' Umllul ,r Hi. tiiiunl mat .1 limit, I lh' liib ' 1 lir Iji,,.i if f !.r i ir'.n I, nml Hill I 1 1 .' i. nlin ..I pr i ivlt Mii.iljr lu i1. tt. .,1 in ull ..in pr . nipll',11 law n II, . in. 1 1 in. M.-.i. Iln,l if lull nut an I l"l'r,. Ii.mii r.iiiurkid iit-,ti in ti..- I. I.,ili- ,.f lir S. ml. on Ibr bill I i. I I m linn uf lb p' i niptiiui n, I ,( Mil .!, I:ill, nililb 1 ' u i I In cr-iul pi. , lltptloll II"III1 I-. , III. I. f'l III. pi II. i lii fun l, iiat.li .1 I Int rt.rv trtirror .-, ttjwt i.f lb.1 tin. p.il.lir I.iii I., pn,,r 1 1 tlic , in n, i, trA.i i. ii.iirin hiitni I tviij. . ll rulhfiiitl nn i art tin r. "I m ibr . ir ,.ii. Iliiiwiiil fialil bidi.lri I and 111. wolluii oflhe Act nrSi-pl. U7, IH30. ih.ii inn.', tliull ! ni.l In- i. Inr.li! Tlm principal and rinf live wordi of tlic nitiln.iliil tni'iitir. mill tlio r.ilrr ..f art of May 'Jtf. "KSU, aro "MtUUror nee. ilu I.ind.. fin .'in tin di.liii I in n bub m Ii ;in(, iiii ni'inn foticii!e,and cullira. Iiiil.initt Ii. . I.) I.f.iil miIi din nut, ' l'l," Vc. Tlinao "f July II, 1B3'J, are ii.iiiiIh i ,l m it ii-i in irr tlmu I, un , " rcuiinti rtwl xlllrri upon pnhlie lan'h" .Ii I .ind mi. A, M-r. I'lioao of June II), 1(431, aro " irt. I In- 11 ... ii mi "I tin pri' 'iiipti n 1. 1 ' (A r nr oeeupunl nf Ih pnhlie ia.i," &r., ,.l Jiinr l'i, l:it, i until. I "An An i- m-1 " who u now in MMtttiion, and cullimttit hi, lli- ui 1 1 nliili. I 'An A I m Kraut pm any part Ihtreof," Jje. Tbono of tho act .nipiioii nKl.i. to tili'ia mi the piil.li ,iilSpt.U7, 1849, aro"JfMVro-nettnll, !.iii-lv ai-pnitiil Alar itt-rnly-nltif, olio ll mi.iii I . if-lii bun lit .1 in..1 ll.in t ," pr.. ii bi That iwit irillrr vr mrntnt I ih- pub In- I in I., pin'r l I In- in;r i.l lb, . rti I V h . II ll. Mr ill l..,jritn.l, .ii at . il fill run) part lln n l, in lb.- wnr-n I1 ,,iMiinl i-i-jbt Ii-in, Irt. I nml 'bun I1 . ball Ii- t n'lllr-l I . all lln- Itiii-IiI. mil l. lib pint lib il bl ibr In t lllnl, . I - ll .t . I. lilt pi pu 'II ii.-bu I,, . Ill, i-i . n lb. nb.,i I il, J., ii pi i, d, A. Ill nil pull "I ,1 In ' l' Til' I lit in l.ll ! 'b- I III id Sut , Ull'l I dill- f nl ", I-IIT, It mild i Ird tblil lln A I "I I ' m;r. -. iippnni-1 mi lln- t'lih I inn l 'I I. in,, I, nl.. tbrii'Miib, tin- it.l I', it t ii vi iippr.iwl , ii lb- I lib "f JuU I- I.', i.iilli-il, ' i " I -Uppb in. nl if I lb ' A I i.iiiIiiik lln- n.'l.i nl pu -i mpli. ii I hi lib l . mi tin. pulilir liilliln. llppim. .1 tin '.'!). Ii dii nl M.iv, . il'IiIi ro liiiiidn-.l mi I tliiill ,' lli.i Iiiiiii in, v ttbiib u pail lii I ilbni-. " . f-mirl. il. , . 'I'liat i.'l lln ,' ' -tnl.i turl Hlllrn I..HI publu i. I. . I I ii t. d Slat. -., Ii an- i ait a t . 1 1 ,i , , 'I . un. n n.-i ,r In, - I - tin pi.m. . in .t..l( .I" III l, n't -nililb .In .I Mat., l -bl i, I mi I ibiilt, ,,r xh t!l n , lit , I i nl, r lb hnme in. I u liu bill ll 'I I . imbli .I lu link. pr. iiilbin tin Hi" liimt. ,1 H n I in t. lu i .. I .1 .jlli III i t. tin pulilli .lilt. I . Inn lint lllj; In. ii in nl.-nml iituiiii.l i lib. n- ilu bilul tun iiul iill.iili.il I,, .un I in I ili-lriil, ..I lu-re tlm m I.a l.i . ii nsi in. I fnuii h.il. on in i"f ii ili put.. I I-iiiul.tit I., in. . ii nut Suit, nml 'I. intuit, lliein'l , 1 1 1 upiul" 'ball I m I I.iipK ,'ll tin p. riiuit, ,1 I,, lib I tlie ii.ii- i ,, l i n--, in ete ui , nl,, ,1 in mi, I in I," ll u-ipii'l, ii. in. pn v.- 'I lie lib i Ii I I till ul S nl '.'7, I ".Ml, ib- Hi, -L',. ii I, an I . ii. i, I. ' Thai I lu n -ball be, inn I In r, In i l-i.iiiIi il In i it rt .i. r er e. nihinf id iniiiinn bull' lined tin public llllllU, Im linns un lulled, ulme llie ne,e of i i4bl i ii ti inn, Ik'Hij. n I IllIll ul lb" I nited Stuli ., in Imiiiiu Hindu n di 1 1 irul' ni in I',, i, lu,;; tilan.of In. ml. iili, in in bieoiui n i inen or niu ball uiiike Mii'b ih el.iiiili.'ii on m hi fole llie firit ilat "I Ib'ieiiil.i r, eiejiiieu linn ' Ilul anil bill, nml nlmMinll b.lte rmnlril i;w;l mi. iiillnaliil the mi ne fur four ion. neiilite tenri, nml shall ollu ihiso eon. Infill In llie pint I. mil .nf llll ni I, till' lU.tl. Ill) id "lie half km ll'Mi" i A lillle iiltenliuii will i-li lh.it llmru ii n tery sliikuiK Miiiilnni) m lliese e. traits made fnuii ll"' Am "f May '.'U, IKIll, June III, IH3I, niiilSepl. 'J7, l"30. Ilul iheso Inns .iru nlike ill oilier (i'pv.ta us I'n si . They nil render null nml toid nil coiitrnels fur Irnnifcrrine, llio cliiint pull, ills to tho liiuiliR of tlio p.itflils, mi on,l i They ull prut do for llie rescr ittlion ufiiiiiiernl Ininls, Ihlrd i Tlmy all irquire prr)f uf " itlltemenl awl improve, itenl," fouilli . Tiny ull proudo lluil mi person shall hum tho hem. I'll nf llio acl nioro ban uiJlii, anu nun : i iiry are an OREGON rAVmr- wm mif. IkMlfMllMM 1fl' frV"'W liilcriilnl by a inunillo.nl government to benefit tlm widen of new countrits. Iltji they aro altoallko In many other re- slierls. I have iIiim aiiown tbo (ttnlUrtty of Uirso law, with a View lo proving Mat for all tho purpose of an application to tlm law bf Hin. 37, IBM. of principle well teilled imdtr the threo tlatutca of rarllor Hale, thai they aro all AoU In pari materia ml la-bo considered one law. Hlalulrt ought not to bo construed M cordlnr to ilia letter, but ao m to conform to the Intention of the framefi. Wbsrs ibero are oontictlng oVclfMM wsoa He cunatruellon of a alatutc th officer whoas duly It It lo intrprt them, must refer to " wnrevrougm: p, omb sonrws oin audi dcrllone, that Is, the wordt ol llie statute Itself. (pet1 Lord Etlemhorontk. 16. ''"'i I'M.) Ilul III caaq. of JouMlul eon. lriiulioii, atatutcii aro to bo Imntdcd ac- curdlnn In n-a'oii, cnnvrnlenca and llie N'l '. (. 310. TAW. 100. .1 Ca. ?) Hlalnto. In trl mnttri are to be omnH ml a. one law: and fur all the I'lirjuw" of aniwora lo ilm furPRfinUC. limn, the Ada of May SB, 130, Juno 10, l"l, anivit. S7ll"Mllaroaiieh. The lvn il)tl ibo -'ll'jrcl of the public l.ndi nruiill In pari irnltrin, and aro all to bo ti'inlriiril lu)clhrr; a nil an in.ulatod act nml In be ruiMlruril ulriilly upon lit own r; i.iii at natin); rciauun in urn (jrn. .ral ti'iii, ami in Ic oouifcd (iccor. ,ni) to tlit: inraii!ii);i)f CoiKrf, lu bocol. biti .1 (ruin Ilm liiinj;r nf Ilm parlicu Inr la, n coiupariJ with tbo whole ) ii in, uii.l fnuii ibr rrason and nature uf ilii env; (oyvnlim of the Ajlorn'y Ventral, Win. U'irl, Dec. nl, lijtl.) and tho cll lnllilirj LDiulriicliou of Ibo .aino or iiuillamnidi contained in like ttatiilt.. Willi tliran ueneral prlncli.loi taken for crmiKcl, I proceed O amwer Ihc iiuettiom in tin. ir nrdrr. Ifti. What u ibo in."!n(r of the worda "irUler or oreiiim! aj contained ill Ilm ifr., " irno miuiii wire,rTrni mjym mm fwi I hrnleil the lomtftr four eomeeullre year," e. , When llie wonli of a Ian am capable if Inn or Hiiro dilli rcul rnra, nbal liai l.t i n ajNtUi n or wrillrn by the aiun law maker, iimii wiino other nerailnn, liaclr. . inn. Inner hlcli inav aaaitl in inn ex ibiualmii of tlio or'd which lu tin in-1 Itt-i l.'.iti- bi. uranium iluuhtfiil. Hut iibrnrtrr v n fnr In lln' laii(iiaj;r' "f R lint iiinkrr on iiiii-ih rn.ion, n-i n iiiraniof ml. rpr. ling lauuai- Hied lit binl nl an ..tin i Hun', ll ii iiitTinry In rtlioti llint ih. miliiii;. nml nlint no ao allrgi', liiitr -. nun iiiiinrxiuii ttitli inn- number. The ,,ri;-iii of ii lint inn Ih en npukru or itrillrn l.t tlm Ian maker, upon x-inn other neon- i u, muki i it n i irmiiuitaiH-r of the Ian in ipieiliuu , diet l.n I lili tlio natne nri. I'm, Hint ore i-ouiiiiti'd tilth one uunlher l.i I'tiiiiiiii: from the Mill" amirrc. The i. oft'oiiri ai mm lli" siihjcrt of com an. ii ith u t in" t ithit iniumii'' Id o mull ..f lln-net uf S pt '.'", INf-u, ni i-. , . ul. ,i,p.al. ,l l.t tin iii, .limi'i prnKuiitiil in All luite tin ir nriin in n deiire I tin- ceiicm! 1' n eminent In cnnler pe. . ml t.iton Uui the early sdtleri of now i .Minliii'H, by ciiablinj; tliem to nciiiiru a title I j'b potlion of the public) lnu.li Um iaiy tenni. Ilr llini-niuiunii rule nf con. htrucliun, nil Mntutca Ukiii the nnme ruib, ... ! ...." ..I.I...J .. jmi. "i in iir. r.....rr.u. n.n i..'i.ii.w.-ii "" innkui)' nuu mj-Ii III nf law, mid must be i uiiHlrueil in rili'tence to each oilier. The ltiirney l.eiiernl of tho Unilcd Hlnlca ill Im "pinion nf Dec. 31, 1311, already ri. lid, fina ili-ilared llint nil Ian 1 upon the 1 Mibjcit ol public Inm Mare in pari materia, ' nml lliut iiuoue of llieie acti i. lo bo con. .Iriiud alrictlr upon its nun letter, III iloilbtfiil Mntutfi, it U icaanuablo In prrkiune, thai llie nniuu law makine, twnr M ulnnji in the nine mind uhcrciiothine, nppinn In tlio conlrnry J that whatever nui In. ileiicn nt one lime, tho same is likeivme bis ilesisit ul auolhur lime, tthcre un Millicirut rensoii can bo produced In prove nu nllernlion of il. An oxnmple of 1I1I1 ultrruiioti in the muni or tho l,rglsln. tnr iifiiuinl inlho 10th wot Ion of tlio act iif.Sint. I. 1841. Tlm nrincinal ellectivo nonis ui IliK ncl nro "n settlement in per. inn on the public taiult," ita and " irAti iAii inhabit and improre Ihe tame." Ilul rilinilar minis which taken by ihrmiehcs, rout eyed llio Idea of not only cultivation but of an actual uml ioraoiial residence on llio Inml Liillivalcd, mid no whero elso, had Ih-cii uaud in llio acta of 1H.10 and IMS, and 1431. Thrso acta worn con si rued by tho Coin, of tho lloneral Land ulTico, and by tlm Attorney ISenoral, aa not rcnlly rcmiiring an aolunl resldeitco on tho laud. This was probably In accor. dance with I ho intention of Conj-resstvlien thny passed theso acts. Hut tho Inlcn. lion of that body waa not llio aame when il passed llio act of 1841, To express this intention therefore, I hoy expressly drkluro that "no person teha ihall qui! or iibiimlon Mi rttidenee on hit pick land to fc 4&sr i.-r.tf3t'ryyi -r?rMM' r "WMlmri Ilia NH n jM.tcr.-tsxi. tr ijfjarCTgOJgerarwntwiWtr.y-jivrmi-jMtjiAJ.Ma'-ujjMasteyKitsajjiu-'j.!, City (Oi T,,) YtthKbty, January 16, 1861. mmmm rttUon0n or UrrUon. Miutre ikill etq cmMlon under ihU act." eipr rnaijlfc.tallon of Ibo will of Oontraaa WW nocnaaary, ocoau-w ino pnnoipai mki feoilvo word ol tho act of 1811 Waf la aotiKi dcorco atitillar to Iboao found In Ifca act. of mo, H33and I Ml, without elsar maiilfr.lalion of Inlentkxt lo lb contrary, lire prciumptlon might hare been that the aenao In which ihay uaed tho word. aettlement In peraon on tho pub. Ho land.," Vo.,and who .ball InbabH and Irr-proTa Ibo aame," itc, wa. that wWoh Um AtUrar)rGmr.al anijh Cmm Hn9t9tt9w Of IflW MlWnA uUtQ tMBOV BBSjf In tha dloharj of lealr oaMal dotlaa, j4M to ftMnawlau iimlUt word in Jka MMTMII.li, Klf) If In readlna Ibo rroi whether ancient or modern, wo hmm wWi pawago which U of doubtful mMnlog, ws uaually make him, if wa oaa, a corn, mcntalor upon hlmaelf, by oompariag thia with aomo other pa! Id wrhlnre. And whaleter we And to haro bean hit mceulnj, whoro ho ancaka plainly, we coni'tiide to hare bnen llkewlae bi. mean ing where ho apeak, doubtfully. Adopt. Ing Oil. well fettled rule elf conatraolion, and keeping In mind that the acta of 1930, 1832, 1(431, and 1930 are In pari materia, wo cannot Ions bo in doubt aato the mean, trig nf tho worda " aetller or oceunant" aa they occur In the -llh acctlon of tlio act of Hept. lit, 19.V). Tho act of 1930, It en. third "An Acl to grant pre cmntion rishta In actllcra on tbo public land., not othe public land. Tlio act 1633, wa. an act entitled "An act aupplemental to an act granllnjj tho right nf pre-emption to act. iter, on the public land.," Ao. The act of 1931 waa an act entitled "An act to revive tho act entitled 'An aeyto grant pre-emption right, to actllera on the pub lie landa." Tbo firat enacting clauaa of tho act of IS30, llko that of 1334 and 1830, commence, with the phraae, "every to iler or occupant of the publlo land.." The Secretary of ibo Treasury, lion. Levi Woodbury, lubmllled the followina Hunllon, under llie act. of 1830 and 1834, 'to ilm lion. II. I-'. duller, Aliorney Oen. rral ol llie UuileUHtatea: " Whether In. dltldual. refilling wUXoml tbo land d(a. Iricl, or in a oVitoaJ part oflbo Stale, and claiming pre-emption In rirtua of tbo oc cupancy ani cultivation of other, plaoed on '.lie public laout a. umnit, aro coillli lo pre.ciupuoo in any oaaa I l ne Attorney uancrai in 90, IH87, tiff :-!! rvMrl and thoae only, aa " tttllert troti m'.bin tho mraulug of the law,' who . Iher " I. IVraonally cultivate and rc.lde on tho p-iMfc lamia; or 1 I'.l't.l. '. , V. "'.'. IVraonally culllvalc, utc, and . .i. i . i r. . 1....1. uiaimpr, the public laudi. lltl-l , II.V- 11UW..W IH.IU.I X I lit f.lliii- tnirila I rinM-.l ilu. tt,l-,1. .,. wiiiwi --, .i.p.-. ,.u nw.taa "neltler" and "occupant," aa ucd ay. nun) uvnisly ; and I think It neceasary, in order lo constitute cither a " aetller" or "nccupint" within llie meaning of the law, that the parly .hall liato a direct , rtiimifconucxiuii with tho land claimed bj him." " Itetiilinco or inhabitittcy on the laud, in addition to uulliintiou, i tho hiuhe.l tlerrec of such pcrwiial connexion of tihich tlm kulurcl it sutccpliblo ; bull hate, not ii,Kjjcd that actual remlence ori inhnl'ititney ou the land na. imlinpcuiable, y ou the latt.l its. Inilinpeiuable. mill, by personal labor, niny A mpltIo inaii, ty personal labor, nint nuke .in iiiiproti-inrut on n particular lu.irlcr ni'cti.m, ami reduce it lo culliva. Hon ; but iillbough liu limy board and liHl)ti thru here, such n person, in my opinion, inny tu-ll be regarded as a r(7fr and eiTiixml of tho public lands. So, ton, may the head uf a family, wfmsc iltrelling n not on Ike public land, but nlin actually linprovrs ami cilllimles a tract of public land by the application of IiIj porsoiiul la Inir, and tho lalmr ofbis family, or by tho apiilication of tlio I ubor of his family nlonc. mull r his immediate personal direction. lit lii- family, I mean to include domestic najinnu and hired men, nml where sla ter y is authorized, slates." "Ho rvai regaidsllio labor or all such iiersnnr, I think that whan applied to the imnnt tinriil and enlllvslt.nl nf llin null. lie lands, il should bo deemed the labor of llie head of the family, ami Ihat ho iscn tilled, for all tho purwes of tho prceiup lion laws, to the benefit of tho maxim " aulj'aeil per ahum, faeil per te," The above, opinion "of tlio Attorney lien. cral.whowas the authoiizcd iutcrprelcr of llto law, furnishes an answer to tlio first mislion aa lo who aro " aelllera or occupaala" within Iho meaning of all our laud laws containing llicso words. II pro duced a corresxndiiig pracllco under thrso laws, livcauso llio opinion of tho Altornoy (iencral was an aulhentiu and uiithnrilalivo Interprelrtion of liem. Thia being tho aciiso In which tho word. " scl tier or ocoupanl" ware use.1 by Ihoso who mado tho laws nf 1H30, 183'J and 1834, is ooncluslro evidence lo ahow In what aonso Iho aamn wonls woro used In tho Oregon I.aud Hill by ihoso who mado il, and who had tho best oporlunily of knowing Ihe truo tenso. It will bo observed, thai under this de cision, an actual or personal residence ou Iho land Is not neceasary to constitute a ulaimant a " aetller or occupant," of ihe publlo lands)" "bul," In tbo langui uf iho Attorney (.iencral, wllh culll lion, is In Iho hlghckl degree ctiikucc (of SffiCTATOE.' 4.Axrzwxxtesz. -w:nsrt. jy - - - a - gmiej - - amag4t: Mm It way. I connexion." Another, and low. acrawi however, would bo wber I ' a - a a . . I mna nu ton to cultivate. Another i of auch evidence would be where a hired man to do it. Another i .would be where he placet a tasv sf the lend. Nrt thia quettloti waa made in nether MM. , An officer of th army of the Ual- (af Kates, who in 163-34 wae la Actual lee at Chicago, claimed quarter awe or land in tho vicinity or that pom. ir ibo pre-emption law or the inn of i, IMl. me law having oeeo com I wHh in other rtteecta. the aiarelleei irtialllil Ml Aletraey Uetaml J?, er. wbetker under awe droiimotaa taeeeVer ayuld be pemMetwi "eet. neavwaflL mhum saw January if, imn, tje-"Af ta h ens. hraeet "erenr awttler er oeeuaaat of Ihe publlo lasde," Bad oontalna nethtag lo ex. etude peraon of My pwatatlan, Ido not ate any eunWetH legal ground fa reject. tojlhicUlm." Asalo. tbti Cornmlatloner cf the Gener al Land offce, in letter to the Hegleter and Receiver at TlMo, Ohio,- uaaler date of Awil IBtb. 1869. ear.: "Oeenpen- ey, inlaw, Utbut defoed: Where a man Boat a piece or una wnicn no oustr pot. fettea, and enlera npon the aame, this gains a property, and baa a title by eceu. nanov." An occupant ui he that occu pies or Me putenlon, or Ihat baa poa. aeition." wuatit nottcasionr- ibu I used in the act ti tne tynonrmo of oo- (supaacy, and it thu. defined t tho, having, holdlns of property occupancy. Aclu. al Ktldenoe, therefore, It not deemed ca tL.tn i. UK. ii.... 1 ...i holding landa," under the aet of May 39, 1830, which utet the word "aetller or occupant." Tie second question to which I am do. aired to give an answer Is the following t Whether Ihe word "and who shall have resided upon and cultivated i he aame Ibr fcVir years," dec., requires aii actual ret ioVtcew the land aa indurneaaablo to entitle the ottJsaaal to demand a patent t I naderttand the object of the inquiry lo be. to know whether the claimant I re. quired to reeido ItLtveraoa on the estate. I regent tne principle ot tne foregoing oeiaioae of the Attorney General a an. twetiag (be question in the aegativo. But if not wunoui neuincuiiiee, :li property may deatad up. ntaaaiog oi in taneon awaawHraaa atm Taattartv - .1 ".- exajau laeeuDiect atom at le ouch autborkic, and offer i in addition to the lorcrrolnir. a have inclined me to the opinion that tne word do not require a personal real. nccoo. The word eettle, from which Is derircJ Ihe word " aetller," at used In llie 4lh tectiou of Iho act of Sept. S7, 1 830, Is gen. orally used at llio tjnonymo or reside, from which Is derived llie word " resided" In tho tamo section. Set, (from Iho I.at. in ttdeo), means lo put or place, to causo lo rest, to fix In any situation. Settle, (from set) to place in a perms, ncnt condition after wandering or fluctua tion. Settler, ono who placet iu a permanent condition, Aic, after wandering or fluctu ation. lletiJe, from the Latin rtsideo, reildo, re and tedeo, to tit, to sclllc. Theso definitions are strictly correct, and lliry show that the word " aetller" is tlio s) nony mo cl " resident, oral least tcry nearly ao. I say rory nearly to, be. cause although a resident is a sutler, yet a sclllrr is not in rrrry tenso a resident. although he is ao In many of the form, of pcccii in which mat worn is usee.. Tho iirlnciiilo and cllbotivo words now tinder consideration aro "every settler or occupant of llio public lands, who shall Into resided upon and cullitated ihe saino four consccuttvo years." Theso words then, of the 4th acctlon of tho act of Sept. 37, 1830, ff tbo foregoing definitions arc correct, mean "ctcry sclllcr or ocoupanl of llio public lands, who shall have set- tied ujion and cultivated tho tamo fojir coiurcutito years ate. 'pio "Ih section ot Ihe act protiilea, " 'lTiat within twclto monlht after Ihe sur eya have been mado, or where tho sur vey ha a liecn mado beroro tho settlement, llien within twelvo months from Iho timo tlio settlement w aa commenced, each per son claiming a donation right unilor thia act, shall provo to Ibo satisfaction of Iho 8urte)or liyncral,or of auch oilier officer at may bo appointed by law fur that pur. pose, that the settlement and cultivation required by thia act had been commenced, specifying iho lime of commencement, and at any limo after thu expiration of four years from the date of such settlement, wholhor mado under llio lawt of the late Provisional Government or rutt, thall prove In liko manner, bv two disinterested wit. liottca, the fact uf continued rcaldcuco and cultivation required by the fourth section of Hits acl," &o. Now, If the worda tet llement aud retultnee aro used aynony. mously In thlt acl, at 1 believe 1 liave shown them to be, then tho object of the foregoing provision of the 7iho tection waa 1st. To require the claimant within twelve moutlia after the turvev hat been made, or whore the survey has not been mado before the utllemcul, then within .Li. - a -Agrar..-- s-xsy - ni 1) n i in i biIiiibi ii imilnn i iwiiii m i " T'IWWidtjBL- J. FLKMIMO T liiliiHK ' , ' r 1 "l i l i l i l l i f i 1 1 1 IvrrT tt mt-nrrtrrnrnfTT rTOTMrweassSSStsaSBattliS IV . 0 twelve months Asm the lime the' eettle. meat was eomai.aefd, to prove that Ike aetdemtat and ealUvetba bad been eeav menced. The proof of tetllemtat was to bow that Um, Ltd la atwetfaa .was lbs oenain watea w .feelers ttte t.1esageftbe aaaabtoa aftbs word ffMt,lt was - mm Ja'a perma neat ssadfciaaftbe aaeettw aete whieb wm bU was eWmy; aeW'waa dirlUjHr fluctaaliooi" aatl ilMeUhsalbWmV ccmes a settler, lor oae who pieM-iia fiitjaaitst tMsMtuoa (tat queattta a. wan partasasar met aw kaowa. ItrafJeWi 11 prove the aw. tMMol Tbi was dow. naaWtr. be aa eyibava. lion' waa dcovaetlaa aaaw aateag Iks atat evideace of lbs fjlaieaaat Mas? a oom'iJo " eetilar or eeesniaat.'''K, The oowmwaeeanal o4Wetitsjewl ad cuHlvstlon being NliUltM, tba Tw acctiaa IWnber provide tbat at aay time Iter mar yean from lbs oats or each CQmmsaatmaai, tnaewtamnt "aaaturovs in lika'saaaaeri by tro ditintereeted wit. nests the fact of coatiaaed reeideaoe (uaed eynonymoutly witb settlement), and culUvaUoa' SetUenee bare 1 need as tho tviwevme ofeettlemeat. And the obfect of tbe whole provitioa waa to require preot, not oniy oi toe oommeacemeat orettilwa.at aad eul llvalion, but tbat thai Kttlemeat and oul. tivation bad been eosUieaeat b9 cooaecu lire year. Ibd lb law, Instead of oebtg the words "wbsabaM have resided ansa and cultivated lbs tame four coeeecullve year," a tbey occur In the 4tb atctioa, uaed tho word umdfBp 'resided apsa and cultivated lbs earns far mar eoaassav live yean" dsc, or bad tba laasjug of the 7lh eectioo keen, "aaaJI provs m, Ilka manner, by two atflat.tfsHd. witaesae. the fact of anatlaaal aataal iwaManaa aad culilvaiioa" ata-ttlll tba alalawi wotjei bring himtrir wMMa las) rssaalag sf, las law by prpviag Heat aaitbir maa livesiaa tbaUnd, who ohlvsted t mrtba ataatbv tor louryeeMsassamaBvvsJyivTbai k be teen that ItatM asaaUai fast cits as authorities la Mpport of Ihbi fat) lion tbe cam of &sasarssa rev fttaaaafcr, is. rVMcr. oae, sad iSkas si afv. kit Hal. 1. 1'ei.aH. TasncMT' writ of error, to deerse stassjaaad la the eewrl of.tli.Jffi.aamii; Itjtbi tmsf.af "' t-.f-. Jt-fc.! ., I I iBI I ,w.n,H, , wiviui mm jm asi ma its wv ror to convey to defrndsaf, a certain tract of land, in tbe mid prooeedlng. men. tioned. Tbe pltintia In srror alleged, that their title wa secured by tbe com. pact entered into between the Uaitaasaalaa and (.teorgia, lor too cession or tits coun. try in which Ibo land wat lUaatsd, aad that thedecreo wat in violation 'of that compact. The condition in the Ceatlaa Acl, on which the plalnliua in error relied, Is in theso words :" That al! person, who on tbo S7lh day of October 1703, were actual settler within the territory thus l-rded, shall be confirmed in all the grants, legally and fully executed prior to Ihat Hay, by the former British govern ment of West 1'lorida, or by tho govern, ncnt ol Spain." . Chief Jusllco Marshall, In dcliverlns the opinion of the Court, ttid : ",Tho plain tilts produce a grant, legally and fully executed ; but to bring the caw under the treaty, they mutt also prove, that the an. color or person under whom they olaim, wua an actual aetller, on iho 97lh day of October 1703. ''The answer tstertLthtt the warrantor aunoy. Issued on lluT37lh day of February 1703, and tho survey made en tho SOth of July, In the same year, when possession wat taken ; and that ihe patent issued on tho 3d of April 1701. James Williams deposes, that about the 3d nf December 1703, he took pot! session of tho tract of land -in dispute, aa otersrer for James Mather (ihe person j.i dcr and through whom tho platntlflt Inei ror claim), tho patentee, and understood from" him, thtt he had gone lo Natchez , somen mo bclore, lo apply ror land iu the part of the country wbero tho tract in con troversy ilea, i mi la the testimony fur nished by tbo record, to prove tbat Jai Mather, the erantee, waa an actual eei t Jsme i fWVr Cession according to the requisition of the Cession Act ol ueorcia. in Henderson vs. I'oin. dexter, 13 ll'Aral. 030. tho term "actual sclllcr" seems lo have been under stood at synonymous with Ihe resident of ihe coun try. Tlio case did not howerer require ihat the precise meanlns of the term should be fixed, and the court It disposed lo think, that a settlement made on the land by another person, who cultivated ll lor ti.e proprietor, would bo sufficient; though the proprietor, thould not reside in person on the estate, or within Ihe lerrlto. ry. Had the fctiloment proved by Wli. llama, been made at the day required by Iho Cession Acl, It would, we think, have satisfied the requisition of ihat Act, and entitled tbo plalnlliTs in error to the beae- iit oi ineconuiuon. Thl decision of Chief Jusllco Marshall It authoritative and conolutlvo upon the aubject, because lu waa made In a Irlbu bunal of the last retort, and because mors. over it wat enunciated by a tag of lbs aw wnoae natiy conclusions, to say now. Ing of his labored and learned expositions, command more respect, than the well con. " V ' SerJl".iJ 2S.' aasasaHBiNi aidered oplnleae of alette lae ovesiioa.fjccaeoastl uuiptrammor IU wise asas-a f aaotbar asmaaaal tbMrJemail ioa IswsMl'aM ttaVtaV'l ikaiafl tbslaaalby KPtriaoM wssjUa tor saaabti tats, ar.wbbba m iaasiattbaa tioa and bar lanembsal worM.. Tlaabsiita aa a assat ai sasi aweoasesaaaa cause It is tba oaa have of las law K,Mjtas prnftesJm.t Ibcas who ooaavJl tasaa. Jf bsammt caaoas wsta w aa asjaaiy tbould ditlarb aad asanHla tba mark of proasrly (MJsbau Id. 733. Lord Ckaaotllf.l Wm.3.Ahaart.J.TT Teaterden, BeVAV4pb lT.Btat, o aaagaara, osaa. sjassaa, j w Wi Rep. III. 1. Koat Cos. a.i Joaee ( Bstav on Bfllmasia a. JfV "No maa who k aet a law. ever snow now to act; aad ao aata a a lawyer woaw, la Snow what to advJss. ui bound by authority aa irmly as the gaq acme were supposea 10 as tbe decree of fete.'' j-.F T .. . , That there it tcb a tbJag M aa retldence, as wsll as aaVsotaal rat and that a man may be VrstUaat realdenco of his sgtat. Swa V Coin., p. 77. In reply, then, to the - uweribal the word "aad whtahatt reaided upoa and cultivated tbo aa lour consecutive years" la tba am do not require aa aataal aaa ai aldence, in order to giva tho ( right to demand a pattst ; bat that a llement made on the laaat by asxmV son or ptraons, who, darks, mar liro on and culiivato tba Ibm far ti mrtwii prletor, would be lull Tals'l at least i clearly whbbt OtM.Jami Marshall'a decision and tba ariaaWaa I on which it proceeded. Owl rasa saw sat Tacit per tc. la anawtr to the lairs: otmum, ,1 1 inai i oauevo mat a ciaimaai waja Ing Jin V1 ins It not on tas laad, bat who , and culiivato by lbs apllssjbji afl Vortonal labor, or by that sfbaifamat am or a member of hi tastily, aaa ammlM patent at tbe explralisa aC. At lead auch iilliama ) occupant" within lbs sWaht I of Msy 30, 1880, s4 Cbstsf , 1834, (tee already opinion of Attorney March 30. 1837.1 1880 is at fcllowei A pre-emption rkbt to sswsM Ho laBdaJ"BoftbspaaB though tba word "oocsyaarr a in unci jet use tlttute were net smm mm ilofliberslllywblebBi pass lbs law giaaaTaj wouia nscsssaray ni" to ons was resided on tbe aiHlna Alauaai SWI of 1834. oo "every mnUv.m wshsvsstsa thai aaa parates la ootiMrued, a residence or t.K UlrteJgaT, rj. i -ft smgitw-a mm mm mmw; aat may aasaa ajpima waa mass MaiSsaaawMM mmm , judicial tmot-mmymtm' ilnmntiAt& aad wbeea deettlta ommifmpm v meet PrWewel sssasat av asA ajaVmlfS tl aaa. aaaaaa aaaaaaaas.. aaisssSKfBssisssa: i1' ) ajBBpjBjBs rr mwwy, atasma aajt aw i eteaaaabi isyBsmC J that ajgaajmSjaaBaBBBBBBB taaTBBBt'aaf i - ary rwaiwi s Jv B tW Wsaawaasssfaxasasiwpsssassxfasaal gfi LmWkm'mmmmMim iwaHalty mmv0mmgm inmjj aasrt- aaa to, regents tastr asanas ay CU.I -st.V. vJ I