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Aetfcm1aatBMchlM, ' ' .
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AmI i Mt mrow oene with tfe.
0 coal w IV than, teas ants,
Faram r? In chlwrfiRiht,
Uah wiaf what ia griator paia.
Like fBmmi'bJoMOBM young mm bright
Ah.bMatifktl tlws vaabhed day,
Whoa UM wasKakwl lo jpldra hoaw,
And al our uVmjthta and allow ways
' 'Were sntatfafia uto ihe aammer flowcnT
EXTRACT FROM MR CALHOUN'S SPEECH,
BBUTBUB Ut U. S. USATS, aucu iu.
Now, being brought to the alternative bv
circamatances over which I have no control,
I go for compromise and against war. But
in this case I am actuated by no unmanly
fear! of consequences. I know that, under
theexisting state of the world, wars arc
sometimes necessary ; the utmost regard for
justice and equity cannot always prevent
them. And when war must be met, I shall
be among the last to flinch ; I may appeal
to my past history in support of this asser
ties. But-1 am averse from going to war
on this question, for the reasons I have given.
But not for these only ; I have still higher
reasons. Although .wars may t.t times be
necessary, yet peace is a positive good and
war is a positive evil ; and I' cling to peace
so long as it can be preserved consistently
with national safety and honor ; and I am
against war so long as it can be avoided
without sacrifice of cither. -I am opposed
to war ia' this case, because neither of these
exigencies exist ; it may be, as I conceive,
a votcVf without sacrificing either the nation
el honor or the national safety. But if these
dangers did exist, to a certain extent, war is
still highly inexpedient ; because our right
ia Oregon can be sustained with more than
ah equal' chance of success without war
tkaa with.it. ' This is a great and weighty
reason against war. He who goes so stoutly
to -war for " all of Oregon or none," may
possibly come out with " none." I concede
to my countrymen the possession of all the
bravery, patriotism, and intelligence which
can be claimed for them, but we shall go
Into this contest with great disadvantages on
our 'side. As long as Great Britain has a
large force in the East, and is mistress of
tbe sea, she can carry on a war at mucn less
expense.
There, is another reason why I am oppos.
ad ia it: 'the war would som cease to be for
Oregon; the struggle would be for empire,
and it would be between the greatest Power
in Europe on the ono side, and the greatest
and most growing and spirited people of the
West on the other 'lt would be pressed on
upon both sides with' all the force, vigor,
energy and perseverance of two great and
brave nations ; each wpuld strike the other
in the most vulnerable point, and the blows
would .be tremendous. Amidst the uproar of
such a contest, Oregon would be forgotten
utterly forgotten ; to be recovered, if at all,
on the contingencies of success or the re
verse. My next reason is, that though it is alleg
ed that wo must fight in order to protect our
citixens in Oregon, instead of their protec
tjotj war would Insure their utter destruc.
it J." ! t a. t f ...... aL. i
tiod. It is the most certain wayjto sacriJjeo
ttoiorThfoy
are'-American citizens our brelnrerZaod
them. This I never will consent I
kindred. We have encouraged thfcnrto go
there ; and I never will give a vote the result
of wWcK, mun be their speedy 'destruc
tJon. iBtk. if we make a compromise on lati.
tttd 4t degrees, they will all be safe ; for,
TJBi"rptly informed, there is not a man
Stjkim to be found north of (hat line. This
wfl jsry .Ml. the points we have in view,
rVvWorlOoing tnem all.
war. too, for reasons eons
1ib1e Uaito. I believe that the
ill ana tnwneaat war we
1 waffe-ift-tfaal if In ten veara
'an' the mb extravagant ad.
iM;frert nPe roi ' w
Gaaeai, aw) New Bruna.
ieos, aso wry outer
m mr sug tram
'MmirmnM
flaMttasmalBL'
SaasHati
isTJaHK
''fjaMMiBafJsj
i mwmm
Maski esJeriVkVa
" Mj&ujMiihiLjaBaTaKt
tho whek oaatiasnt; twi prxmv ad.
vantage, till wt had eccoapUsAe the down.
'fall of the'BritUh thirat, and she should
'yield up spear and shield and trideM our
W1w t0Ui My
'event thatcould happen. I do sot aow al.
luda to the ravaaes anddeeolatioaa of war-.
'fare : to the oceans of blood that Must-flew,'
and the various miseries that ever accompa.
ny tht contest, of arms because"! have
ever observed that the statement of 'these
things had any great effect upon, a brave
people. No doubt the evils would be Very
great, because there are no two nations in
the world who can do each other so much
harm in war, or so much good in'pcace, as
Great Britain and the United States. ', The
devastation would be tremendous on both
sides. But all this goes for nothing; for this
may all U repaired. Tho indomitable in
dustry, and enterprise, and perseverance of
our widely spread and still spreading and
multiplying population, will soon find way
and means of repairing whatever merely
physical disasters war can indict. But war
has far heavier infliit;oos for a free people;
it works a social and political change in the
people themselves, and in the character of
their institutions. A war such as this will
be of vast extent ; every nerve and muscle
on either side will be strained to the utmost ;
every commandable dollar will be put in re
quisition ; not a portion of our entire fron
tier but will become the scene of contest. It
will be a Mexican war on the one side, and
an Indian war upon, the other. Its flames
will be all around us ; it will be a war on
the Pacific and a war on the Atlantic ; it
will rage on every side, and fill the land.
Suppose that Oregon should be abandoned,
we must raise seven armies and two navies ;
we must raise and ec.uip an army against
the Mexicans ; and let no man sneer at the
mention of such a powr. Under the guid
ance and training of British officers, the
Mexican population can be rendored a formi
dable enemy. See what Britain has made
of the feeble Sepoys of India. The Mexi
cans are a braver and a hardier people, and
they will form tic cheapest of all armies.
With good training and good pay, they may
be rendered a very formidable force. Then
we must have another army to guard our
Southern frontier, and another to protect our
Northern frontier, and another to operate on
our Northeastern boundary, and still anoth
er to cover our Indian frontier. At the leant
estimate, we shall require a force of not less
than two hundred thousand men in the field.
In addition to that, the venerable and intel
ligent Albert Gallatin has calculated the
cost of such a war at sixty-five millions of
dollars. But that amount is too small. A
hundred millions is not an over estimate:
and of this sum fifty millions must be raUed
annually, by loans or paper ; so that allow,
ing the war to continue for ten years, we
shall have an amount of five hundred mill
ions of public debt. Add to this tbe losses
which must accrue on loans ; it will be very
difficult to get these loans negotiated in Eu
rope ; for, owing to the unfortunate manner
in which this affair has been conducted, the
feeling in Europe will be generally against
us. We cannot obtain the requisite sums
under an interest of thirty and forty per
cent. Add all these expenses, and our total
debt will not be less than seven hundred and
fifty millions.
this is not all. We shall be plunged
e paper system as aeepiy as we ever
in the daya or the resolution; and
will then be our situation at the close
the war? We ahall be left with a mort.
Sage of seven hundred and fifty millions of
ollars on the labor of the American people ;
for it all falls on the labor of the country at
last, while much of tbe money goes into the
pockets of those who struck not a blow in
the contest. We should then have the task
of restoring a circulating medium of a sound,
er character, and that from the deepest de
gradation of the currency. This is a hard
job, as all of us know who have gene through
with it. Besides, the influence of the war
will nnturally be to obliterate the line of
distinction between the State end General
Governments. We shall hear no more about
State riffhts. but the Government Will he.
borne hi affect a eeaisoliifsied republic, fev
our wary 'success it will give a mDUary int.
EuNeJothe national sainfl .which can aever
e overcome. The ambition of the nation
will seek conquest after conquest, and will
soon Uooiae .possessed by spirit totally in.
oQMfetatt with the fam ui faaim rftur
Buy
mtoh
were
wXat
ot
geverameat $ ami this trill lead, by a straight
sad easy -read,- to that' galf of all reettallos
a military despotfsmv Then wt shall
nave so provias.iorjiareeer sour tucoessiui
generals, who will soon be oamsetiag fortho
Presidency. Before the generation whioh
waged the war shall have passed away, they
will witness' a contest between hostile gene
rals. (To" who conquered Mexico, and ho
who conquered Canada, will each insist upon
his right to the scat of power, and they will
end their struggle by the swonl. Freedom
thus lost, institutions thus undermined and
overturned, nover can be recovered. The
National ruin Will be irretrievable.
I appeal then to the gcntlcuvin near me
to my friends, whose separation from me on
this question I deeply regret and I say to
them, is it for you, who are Democrats par
excellence- for you, who are tho enemies of
paper money, and the sworn destroyers or all
banks and all artificial classes in society is
it for you to vote for a measure of such vcrv
equivocal success T
But I have still higher reasons. I am op
posed to war as a friend to human improve,
ment, to human civilization, to human prog
ress and advancement. Never in the histo.
ry of tho world has there occurred a period
so remarkablo as the peace which followed
the battle of Waterloo for tho great advan
ces made in the condition of human society,
and that in various forms. The chemical
and mechanical powers have been investiga
ted and applied to advance- tho comforts of
human lite in a degree Tar beyond what won
ever known or hoped before. Civilization
has been spreading its influence far and wide,
and the genoral progress of human society
has outstripjted. all that Had been previously
witnessed. The invention oFman has seiz
cd upon and subjugated two great agencies
of the natural world-which were never be
fore mado tho scrvanta-of-tnan ; I refer to
steam and to electricity, under which, nt
course, I includo magnetism in all its phe
nomena. S:eam has been controlled and
availed of for all the purposes of human in
tercourse, and by its resistless energies has
brought nations together whom nature seem
ed to separate by insurmountable harriers.
l has shortened the passage across the At
lantic more than one half, while tho rapidity
of traveling on land has been three 'times
greater than ever was known before. With
in the same time man has chained tho very
lightning of heaver, and brought it down
and made it administer to the transmission
of human thought, insomuch that it may
with truth be said that our ideas arc not on
ly transmitted with the rapidity of lightning,
but by lightning itself. Magic wires arc
stretching themselves in all directions over
the globe, and, when their myotic mushes
shall at length have been perfected, our
globe itself will be endowed with a sensitive
ness which will render it impossible to touch
it on any one point, and the touch not be felt
from one end of the world to the other. All
this progress, all this growth of human hap
pines", all this spread of human light and
knowledge will be arrested by war. And
shall we incur a result like that for Oregon ?
And this work is as yet but commenced ; it
is but the breaking of the dawn of the
world's great jubilee. It premises a day of
more refinement, more intellectual bright
ness, more moral elevation, end consequent
ly of more human felicity, thau the world
has ever seen from its creation.
i i . .
zxTtaCT raoN cot. benton's speech,
delivered in St. Louit, October 19ti,1844.
"I say the man is alive, full grown, and
is listening to what I say, (without believing
it perhaps,) who will yet see the Asiatio
commerce traversing the North Pacific
Ocean entering the Oregon river climb,
ing the western slope of the Rocky Moun
tains issuing from its gorges and spread.
log its fertilizing streams over our wide,
eitended Union! The steamboat and the
steam car have not exhausted all their won.
ders. They have not yet even found their
amplest and most appropriate theatres tbe
trsaquil surface of the North Pacifio Ocean,
and the vast ioolloed planes which spread
east and wast from the base of the Rocky
Mountains. The mag io boat, and the flying
ear, are not yet earn upon this oar m. and
upeo'this plain, but lay will be seen there !
and It. Louis is jratto iad herself as near
to 3anton, as she row is f London ! with a
better and iaf.r'route, by land and sea, t6
Chjna. and Japan, than sbv oow hajawftaMe
fld Great firiteia."
jQtNMAb . jAcaseN. A wtrkmg, upright,
usjlealid.aaaa was.Aodrow Jackaea. ;!!
resetted hisootiatry. from aliens and jobbers.
Heibuad ib West, with dificultlss ha sent
ike fcrslMnar howliag from its borders, aad
tWgWrisr from Itscapitol. We honored
much his valor, his sagacity, and his un.
boasting patriotism. We honored him as
a maiiiand.atrue citiren; nor can his uni
form concern for Ireland be forgotten, while'
our struggle forroligious and national liber
ty is remembered. Ho was not an Irish,
man. Though the son of an Irish peasant,
ho was born in, and lived, fought, and
and thought for America ; considered him.
sjlf un American, and vu so in character,
interests, and feelings. His claims for tho
gratitude and respect of Ireland are far
higher than any tics of blood could give
he was Ireland's staunch, iinl.oueht friend,
and ono of the most useful, if not the mctt
showy of the soldiors of freedom in our ago.
He Is eono where Miltiudcs and Epaminon.
das, Tell and Washington, Bruce and Tone,
are gone before him. Proud be tho flight of
America's caglo over hi tomb ! May never
a foeman to his republic plant a xiandard
there ! May the soil that hold him never
lack as honest a President, nd successful a
general l)vbin Nilion.
If Unmaiuikd uet .Makiiied. A Eu
ropcan philosopher Ims furnished the world
with some very interesting kta'istic.o, thow.
in the benefit of marriage life. He says
mnong unmarried nun, nt the ages of firm
thirty-five to forty five, the avi ru-e nitml er
of deaths are only clghtctn. For for' y. one
Imeholors who attain the aire of fortv, Uiere
arc seventy-eight married men vholo the
name. As age advances, the ,ilillcrrncc be
comes more striking. At sixty, there aro
only twenty-two unmarried men living for
ninety-eight who have I ecu mariiul. At
seventy, there arc eleven bachelors to twenty-seven
married men ; and atciphiv, there
are nine married men fur three m'ii'.'Ic ones.
Nearly the same rule holds good in relation
to the female sex. Murrietl women at the
age of thirty, taken one with another, may
expect to live thirty-six years longer : while
for the unmurried, the expectation of life is
only al.out thirty years. Of those who at
tuin the ape of forty-five, there are t-evtmy.
two mar'ied women for fifty-tun single la
dies. These data arc the result of ac'unl
facts, by observing the difference of longevi
ty between the miriied and the unmarried.
From ilic New Yo.k Journal of Co-nmrrce, Jan. S3.
Hamd times Fon topers. It is prolahlo
the city of New York will receive a consid
erate accession of population fiom Connec
ticut during the enduing wtt-ks end mon'h,
as in most town of that State, topers arc lit
erally deprived of the means of grtting
drunk. The law went into r fleet last Mon.
day. It utterly forUda the sale of wines or
spirituous liquors, in cither large or rmall
quantities, except by licence from thcBoard
of Commissioners, who, lr that law, were to
be chosen on tho first Monday of C t. annu
ally. In most of the towns inclu ig Nor
way, the Commissioners refuse to grant any
licences whatever. In New Haven anil
New London, none but apothecaries arc licen
ced, and they are required to keep a record of
all the '.It.
EXTRACT MOM AN OLD 8C0TCH NEWSrArEK.
Edinburgh, Feb. 7, 1707.
Copy of a painter bill pretrvtfd to our Vet
try for tcork done in our Church.
To filling up a chink in the Red Sea and
repairing the damages of Pharaoh's host.
To a new pair of hands for Daniel in the
Lion's Den, and a new set of teeth for tho
Lioness.
To repairing Nebuchadnezzar's board.
To cleaning the whale's Idly, varrishirg
Jonah's face and mending his left arm.
To a new skirt for Jacob's garment.
To a sheet anohor, a jury mast, and a
long boat for Noah's Ark.
To giving a blush to the checks of Eve,
on presenting an apple to Adam.
To painting a new city in ihe land of Nod.
To cleaning the garden of Eden, after
Adam's expulsion.
To making a bridle for the Sameritsn'e
herse, and mending ono of Ms 1 g
To putting a new handle to Moses tasked
and fitting bull. rushes. '
To adding mora fuil to the fire of Ncbu
dtadnemrn furnace.
Raoeived payment D. Z.
r-r,-'
'3rw, '
it