Mlsson and the Shah.
Colonel Maplcson recalls a remark
of his old-time friend Mr. Lumley,
that the brains of great singers wcro
in their throats, and those ot great
dancers in their heels. "You can't
expect anything olse, Mr. Luroicv
used to say; "the throats and bools
have boon cultivated above every
thing else, and that's what makes
thorn groat as singers and dancers."
Tho Colonol has found it a good rule
to cross the wills of singers as littlo
as possible, and to generally give way
11 their whims. Tho most famous
artists of tho operatic stage, with few
exceptions, have been eccentric char
acters, emotional in their disposi-
tions, and liablo to outbursts 01 tem
per on the slightest provocation.
This, indeed, is true of successful ar
tists generally, of composers and in
strumentalists as wen as oi singers,
and of actors on tho dramatic stage.
When the Shah of Persia was in Lon-
don. in tho summer of 1873, tho sea-
son ot Her Majesty a opera ai .urury
Lano Theater was at its height, and
the Lord Chamberlain ordered tho
Director to make arrangements for a
spocial porlbrmanco to bo given in tho
honor of his Oriental Majotrty. A
royal guest in Great Britain is not
permitted to follow his own funcy in
tho matter of sight scoing; on tho
contrary, ho is carried about irom
point to point, from tho Opora llouso
to tuo oau room, irom mo ruyui pm
ooo to tho public square, in accord,
anco with a itrocrammo arrangod uu
dor tho direction of the Lord Cham
borlain. Tho guest's desires aro not
consulted at all, aud it Is expected of
his attendants that they shall bavo
him at tho various spocitied places on
time. Tho attendants of tho fcihah
found it no ousy task to do their
duty in this particular whilo the Tor
sian monarch was in Kngland. lie
had a habit of going to bod at tho
most unaccountable hours, and of re
fusing to got up when his presonco
was requirod by tho curious, hospita
ble public In fact, ho proved aim
ed! to bo a very luzy diiuii inuoea.
For tho spocial porlbrmanco at Drury
Lano in honor of this potontato a
programme inaJo up ot acts lrom
various operas was to bo prepared.
To tho surpi'iso oi all her
follow artists, Mdllo. Nilsson
announced that sho would opon
tho porlbrmanco a task which
is not much sought for, as all tho au
dionco dous not generally got seated
until half an hour or so after tbo time
for beginning, and tho creaking of
boots, tbo rustling ot silk una tuo
clutter oi'slalls on thoir hinges do not
improvo tbo eiloct ot a singers voico.
Jiut Nilsson'a fellow artists did not
tbon know, as sho did, that tho Shah
was duo at tho Goldsmith's ball, in
tho city, at 10 o'clock, and would,
consequently, bo obliged to loavo the
opera before that time. Tho Swedish
siugtr had privato information from
an authentic source Tho others learn
ed tho secret of hor apparont self sao
rilloo iator on, and boiuo of thorn prob
ably telt piquod. So tho progrummo
was arrangud,with Nilsson in tho first
act oi 1 raviata to open tho perform
anco. to bo folio wod by au act of Fa.
vorila with Tilions, an eluborato bal
let, and tho first act ot Mignon, in
which .Nilsson would iiniin appear.
For tho Traviata act tho prima donna
ordered a imigninccnt new costumo
from Worth, aud ou tho night of tho
performance, boforo tho curtain wus
raised, she was atlirod in splendor,
and hor fair fuco was wreathed iu
smiles. It was 8:30 o'clock, tho mom
bors of the orchestra woro in thoir
placoB,SirMichuolCoBta hold his baton
iu his hand, aud there woro no BigtiB
of the Shah. Tho l'rinco of Wales bad
arrived punctually, and waited at tho
entrance with tho ditoctor, for tho
Shah. Tho brief overturo was play
ed, the curtains wore rune un.and tho
performance began. Still no signs of
tbo bban. As the act of Traviata
procooded, tho smiles on Holctta's
fuco changod by degrees to IVowns.
Her pertormanco wus very spirited.
Tho Shah hud not yet arrived. It was
10 o'clock when ho entered with his
suilo and took Ins chair iu tho roy.
albox. Tbo Priucoof Wales under,
stood the situatiou, and saw at once
that a gentle breeze was in storo for
the director. Ho suggested that Mdllo.
Nilsson might be pacified by an intro
duction to tho Shah in his box. Mr.
Mitplcson grasped at the suggestion
as a drowning uian clutches a bit ol
seaweed. The Prince addressed the
VieoChamberlain.w ho conferred with
tho translator, who in turu spoke to
the Vizier, and after tho suggestion
had boon made to four or live other
important ollieers, it finally reached
tho Persian monarch whilo he was
devouring a peach, which ho held
firmly iu tho palm of his hand, un
mindful of the juice, w hich was run
ning down his coat sleeve. Then the
Shab'a willingness to grant an audi
ence to Mdllo. Christine Nilsson was
transmitted through tbo same series
of officers to the l'rinco of Wales.
When Mr. Maplcson went upon the
stage to notify the prima donna she
had already despoiled herself of her
Traviata splendor and was attired in
the rags of a beggar for Mignon,
with I are foot. At brut iko would
not hear of the introduction, but she
finally consented, and went to the
royal box with the Director. Mr.
Maplesoo spoke to the Prince, and
preparations were making to iuform
the Sh ih, in the usual dignified fash
ion, that the singer awaited the mon
arch's ploksure, when, to the horror
of all who saw it, Mdlle. Nihson was
nhanrvAri aKandinf face to face with
the Shah in his box, shaking her
forefinger In his face, while tho at
tendants regarded the intruder with
flashing eyes, some of them putting
their bands on their cimeters. She
was tolling the monarch, in French,
that he was a verv bad Shah (chat),
and that if he had come at tho
proper timo he would have scon hor
splendidly dressed, whereas she was
now in rags, and without shoes or
stockings. Then she bold up her
foot, and tbo Sbah, a very near
sighted monarch, held down his
head, and tho too of the prima donna
touchod the nose of tho potentate.
There was a moment of terrible sus
pense but tho Shah laughed heartily,
and all tho others readily joined him,
His Majesty at onco forgot all about
tho Goldsmith's ball, and tho Lord
Mayor and city dignitaries, who had
been anxiously awaiting him for
thrco hours, and resolved to remain
and soo more of that remarkable
woman, who sang and acted charm
ingly in "Mignon," the performance
of which did not close until nearly
12:30 o'clock.
How the Rnthlaiig Keep Warm.
Tbo Russians havo a great knack for
makiug thoir winters pleasant. You fool
nothing of the cold in those tightly-built
bouses whore all tho doors and windows
are double, and whore tho rooms aro
kept warm by big stovos hidden in the
walls. There is no damp in a Nubian
botiHo, and the inmates may dress indoors
in tho lightest of garbs, which contrast
oddly with tho mass of furs and wraps
which they don when going out. A Rus
sian can afford to run no rinks of ex
0Hure when ho leaves his house for a
walk or drive. Ho covers his head and
ears with a fur bonnet, his foot and legs
with felt boots linod with wool or fur,
which are drawn on ovor the ordinary
boots aud trousers, and roach up to the
knees; ho next cloaks himself iu an amplo
top-coat with fur collar, lining and enffa,
and ho buries his hands iu a pair of fln
gorloss gloves of seal or bearskin. Thus
equipped, and with tho collar of his coat
raisod ull round, so that it mulllos bira to
tbo ores, tho Russian cxposos only bis
noso to the cold air; and ho takes euro
frequently to give that organ a littlo rub
to keep tho circulation going. A tttrun
gor, who is apt to forgot that precaution,
would often get his noso irozon ll it woro
not for tho courtesy of tbo Russians, who
will always warn him if they soo his noso
"whitening," and will, unbidden, help
him to ebafo it vigorously with snow.
In Russian citios walking ia iust nossi
l)lo for men during winter; but hardly so
fur tbo ladies. The women of the lowor
order woar knoo-boota; those of tho shop
keeping classes seldom venture out at all;
those of tho aristocracy go out in sloighs.
Thoso sleighs aro by no moans pleasant
vehicles for nervous people, for tbo Kal
muck coachmen drive them at such a tor
rillo paco that they frequently capsize;
but persons not destitute of pluck And
their motion most enjoyable. It must
bo added that to lie pulled out of a Rus
Bian sleigh is tantamount only to gottmg
a rough ami tumble on a soft mattross,
for tho very thick furs iu which tho vic
tim is sure to be wrapped will bo enough
to break the tall.
Tbo bouses and hovels of tho Rus
siun working classes are as well warmed
as thoso of tho aristocracy. A stove is
always the principal item of furnituro
in them; and these contrivances aro
used to sloep on as well as to cook on
Tho niujick, having no bed, curls him
self np on his stove at his timo for
going to rest; sometimes bo may bo
found crooning right into tho stovo and
enjoying tho delights of a vapor bath.
The amount ot bent which a Russian
will stand is amazing, aud his caroloss-
noss in facing tho cold afterward, not
less so. On a Baturday, which is
washing day all over Russia, you may
soo in a village, a niujick who has boon
cooking himself in bis stovo until bo
is of a color liko boiled lobster, rush
naked mto tbo snow, and roll himself
in it like a dog, till ho glows ull over
to bis satisfaction. It seems monstrous
that ono of tbo Russian's principal
protections against cold his beard
was laid under penalty by Peter the
Uroat, and subsequently by Elizabeth
and Catharino II., when they woro
trying to civilize thoir subjects accord
ing to tbo customs of tbo West. These
threo soveroigus all laid a tax on
beards; aud peasants entering oities on
market davs were required to exhibit
iu proof that they had paid their Ux a
brass com, stamped with a warded
face, and tho words "boroda liguaai
tiagota." (tho beard tux has been sot-
This absurd inmost was abolished bv
t'aui; but the ellocta ot it still survive
. ... . "
in a manner; for tbo beard is still con
sidered "bad form" in aristocratio cir
cles. Military ofllcers wear onlv tbo
mustaeo and whiskers; diplomatists and
olher civil oftlecr eschew the whiskers
aud generally reap their faces altogether.
A Russiau with a beard is pretty sure
to bo either a "Poio" or a member of
the classes above tbo upper middle.
Jill Mall Uazette.
Sir John Lubbock, an able scientist, be
fore the House of Commons, made an
able plea for tho introduction of science
teaching In I bo common schools. Kv this
be does not mean the dry techicalitic of
the books, but the Hot principles which
may be illustrated In every-day life. Kain,
wind, snow, clouds, planets, animals, etc.,
furm-h an endless series of object les-snns.
and htt would have the books describe,
these, rattier than the tilly nonsense that
now tills the primary naders. Assuredly
this is the initiative of a great reform.
The child tdiould be. taught knowledge,
and not be robbed of the best years iu
forced study of languages, which at be.t
are only instrument by which knowledge
may be sained, and the dead languages to
which the most timo is given unfortu
nately have little valuable knowledge to
give.
"I can't trust you," said a rnmseller to
impoverished customer. "You should
; lmuor alone! if rnn hadnl drunk an
lUch of it you might now be riding in
. n ... ...
your carnage. "And if yon hadn't
sold It." retorted the victim, "you'd have
been my driver."
A sUlicstieian e rapue toot 2.500.000
watches and 1,0.0 elvks are annu
all t irned oat is (Men at parU of the
worldj
The Bumble Bee.
Children, did you ever stop to con
aider the immense power possessed by a
bumble bee? An insect weighing no
more than a tenth of an ounce is capable
of "raising" a man weighing 220 pounds
from a bench in the pnblio park, and
then have lots of lifting material left.
Just stop and think of itl Thestingorof
a bee ia not noar as large as the finest
needle, but such is the force behind it
that it can bo driven through heavy
pants cloth, backed by merino drawers,
and into the flesh about sixteen feet. If
a man could wield a crowbar in compara
son, he could drive it through seven saw
mills and a distillery at one blow.
Nature could not give tho beo teeth and
claws without spoiling its beauty, and, in
compensation she gave him this stinger
as a weapon of attack and defense. If
the beo had no weapon.ants, beetles and
bugs could enff him around as they
pleased, but as it is, be is the boss of the
walk, and won't tuke a word from any of
them.
The bumble bee is not naturally of a
Quarrelsome disposition, bnt be can't sit
awn over half an hour without feeling
as if son.e one was doing him a great
wrong. If left to himself, be will crawl
up your coat sloove, look around, and
crawl down and go about his business,
but if wolcomed with a blow botwoen tho
eyes, ho is going to be revenged if he
breaks a leg. Ho invariably closes his
eyes when ho stings, and you have only
to look a beo square in tho face to dis
cover when ho is fooling around, and
when he means fourteen per cent, per
annum.
The bay-field is a favorite resort of the
bumble bee, but you cau find him almost
anywboro else if you try hard. Having
no pair of long hind legs bo cannot build
bis nest in a marsh liko a frog, and
having no beak in which to carry straws,
he cannot nest in a tree, like a bird. He
therefore takes to the grass, and under
tho roots of on old stump, or among a
pile of old rails, he roars bis gentle
young and gives them printed instruc
tions as to tho differenco between
Btinging six inch stovepipes and runaway
boys. The knowledge of old bees is
powerful. They know where tho school
bouse is. Tuoy know when school is
out. They can sail miles away from
homo, get in their work on a farmor'sson
weeding out corn, and roturn home with
out missing a fence corner or in need of
an afternoon nap. As a rule, they are
early risers. Barefooted boys driving up
the cows at daylight will find tbo bumble
beo out of bed and ready to begin the
arduous labors of the dav. Alone about
Bun down ho quits work, counts noses to
soo if tho family are all in, and then
stows himself away for a night of calm
and peaceful roposo.
Tbo logs of tbo bumble beo aro very
crooked. This seems too bad at first
sight, but you will soon discover that
nature was lovol-headod. His logs were
thus shaped to enabk him to bang to tho
brim of a boy's straw hat. Were bis logs
straight ho could not walk a fenoo rail in
a high wind, nor could ho turn around
after reaching tho top of a mullein stock.
Tho stripes ou a beo look like a waste of
material, but such is not tho case. They
furnish an extra covering over his ribs to
koep tho frosty air oil, and tney serve to
sullen his spinal column in ms nignts
Mirmiirli tlin nir.
A bumblo bee can fly at the rate of
twonty miles an hour, if ho wants to, but
thoro is no causo for him to Uy faster
than a boy can run. Ho sometimes
livos to bo threo years old, and is some
times stricken down boforo bo has
traveled at all. His lifo is a precarious
mm. Hn imv run a deacon out of a hav-
field to-day, and bo the big troo in the
nest, and to-morrrow a country scuooi
ma'am may knookhis head off with hor
umbrella. Nothihg in natural history
weighs nioro for his size than the bee,
aud nothing in science works oasior with
out nnirwhnelH or rubber rollers than his
stingor. It if always ready, never out of
repair, and satisfaction (to tho bee) is
is guaranteed in every case.
Too Much Inference.
If you band throe pennies to tho stamp
clerk at tho postollice, be infers. His
infereneo is that if yon want a three
cent stamp, aud bo shoves one at you
quicker than ligntniug. His inforenco
holds good on two cents and a single
penny, and ho hits it ninety-nine times
out of a hundred. He, however, got
left recently. A bulky, slow moving old
woman came iu with a half dozen tilings
to mail, and her first movo was to hand a
three-cent pioeo. Ho retaliated with a
green stamp, bnt sho sbovod it back with
tho remark:
"Who said I wauted three? Give me
threo ones."
Sho licked them on with great care,
and then handed in three pennies. The
clerk timo threw out throe ones, but she
rejected one of them w.th tho indignant
protest :
"What are you trying to do? I want a
two and a ono!"
In due timo she had licked thoso on as
well, and thou sho handed in four cents.
The clerk scratched bis bead, hesitated,
and threw out a three and a one.
"See bore, young mau, you're getting
perfectly reckless!" she exclaimed as she
slanced at thestamps. "I want a stamped
envolopo for that money."
She got it, and tho clerk made up his
mind that bo would catch her on tho next
sale or resign his jHisitiou. She posted
several packages, and Bauntered np and
laid dow a penny. That could only call
for a penny stamp, and the youug man
chuckled as be tore it off.
"What are you giving lue now?"
snapped the woman, as sho drew her
self up.
"A penny stamp."
"Who asked for a jienny stump?"
"You put down a penny."
"So 1 did, but I was a penny short on
Carrier No. 8 yesterday, and I wanted
you to band it to him."
For the next hour when any money
way laid down the clerk asked what was
wanted. Mrvil iVee TV.
An Irish la.1 rmrmlainiwl tl nthnrdav
le fore a magistrate, of the harsh treat
ment he had received from his father.
"He treats me," said be, mournfully "as
if I was hi son by another father and
mother."
"Yecetalila mllal n-iimhl an nl.l
lady. "Don't talk to me of such stuff.
The beat vegetable pill ever made is an
apple-dunip;ing. For destroying a gnap
ing of tha 'stomach, there's nothing
like it-
Lincoln and the Deserter.
On a raw gloomy afternoon in the w in
ter of 1804, Colonel Benter and the writer
had an appointment with President Lin
coln on business connected with the pro
tection of tho commerce of the lakes.
The war was at the time the almost ex
clusive subject of public thought or pri
vate conversation The streets of Wash
ington were filled with soldiers and army
officers, and the whole city was appar
ently nothing but a great camp, to and
from which the members of the army and
navy were constantly going and leaving.
The onte-rooms of the White House were
filled from morning until evening with
mombers of Congress, soldiers, mon and
women of every oge and nation, all bent
npon getting a personal interview with
tho President. Sometimes the rush of
visitors was so great they could not be
oocommodated in the corridors of tho
White House, and the order would be
given to admit no one except privileged
persons into the building. On the after
noon in question, as we were about to be
nsbered into the privato room of the
President. Mr. J . a well-known law
yer from Ohio, seized both of us some'
what ronorhlv bv the shoulders, and beg
god us in earnest tonos for the love of
Ood and humanity to asK air. tiincom io
see him and his client, if only for one
moment. "All day," he said, "we have
tramped wearily by the door, hoping it
vain the President would relent and give
us a hearing. Look, for mercy's sake,"
ho continued, "ot that noblo white head
and tottering figure, with the hands
t cht v clasped nervously beiore mm.
That old man is a father; his only son, a
lad of 19, is to be shot this afternoon at
b o clock, unless tno rrosiuoui wienurus.
Stanton has approved tho sentence. Lin
coln has declined to interfere, he will
not see me, and unless we can get the
ear of the President the boy will be shot,
and this old man and his wifo will be
maniacs."
The father of tho boy at the momeit
came forward, a venerable gentleman
with long white hair falling npon his
shoulders. His face was ono of the sad
dest sights I ever saw. The grief and
anxiety so plainly written npon it showed
the torture he was suffering. We took the
old man kindly by the hand, told him we
would beg tbo President to see him and
bid him hope for tho best. Mr. Lincoln
was in the gayest of humors, somothing
specially funny having taken place in an
interview just closed with a large commit
tee from Baltimore, aud he recited tho
wholo matter in tho merriost manner, no
companied with shouts of laughter. For
an hour Mr. Lincoln gave himsolf np to
relaxation and rest, telling the usher to
bring him no cards till be rang his bell.
At the end of this time John O. Nieo-
tav. then Private Secretary, now Marshal
of the Supremo Court, came quietly into
lho room, leaned over tho President's
chair and whispered some words ot pri
vate conversation in bis ear. In an in
stant the Presidont ceased speaking, his
face became calm and solemn in compo
sure, und he appeared to reflect gravely
for a momont before replying. Quietly
looking back over bis chair bo said slowly
and distinctly: "Tell Mr. I will not
soo him. I cannot. Don't ask nie again.
Tell him I have read the papers in the
ease, nil of them fully, word for word.
The boy deserted three times, the last
timo when on guard at Washington, and
he cannot bo pardoned. I will not inter
fere. Ho must be shot." Mr. Nioolay at
onco left tho room, and Mr. Lincoln
again renewed the conversation at the
point where he bad brokon.off. He mado
no allusion to tho interruption, and evi
dently did not wish either of us to speak.
of the subject in any manner, it was
plain that his mind was made np and his
deiusion irrevocable.
Tho lawyer, on gotting the mossage
from Mr. Nioolay, admitted further effort
was useless, and at onco startod with his
client to cross the bridge into Virginia,
and drive whero the boy was confined a
prisoner. They reached tho camp in
time to find the young man ready for ex
ecution. The parting between father
and son was so affecting that no ono
oould look upon it. Tho officer in coiu
niaud had the broken-hearted old man
carriod tenderly to a tent, and at G
o'clock promptly the youug soldier was
shot dead as a deserter in presence of his
regimont. Cleveland Herald.
Sermon Enough for Miuilaj.
The New Orleans Democrat tells the fol
lowing: A little shoe-black called at the
residence of a clergyman of this city aud
solicited a piece of bread and water. The
servant was directed to givo the child
bread from the crumb basket, and as the
little fellow was walking slowly away and
sifting the (j:ft between his fingers to find
a piece large enough to chew, the minister
called him back and asked him if he hail
ever learned to pray. On receiving a neg
ative answer be directed him to say, "Our
Father," but he could not understand the
familiarity.
"Is it our father vour father my fa
ther?" "Why, certainly."
The boy looked at him awhile and com
menced ';rying, at the same timo holding
up his erurtof bread and exclaiming be
tween his sobs:
"You say that your father is my father;
aren't you a.-dianiej to give your little
brother such stuff to eat when you've got
so many good things for yourself?'
Fkmimsc CiiitCiiat The lioiton rvtt
republishes au article regarding the,
money question between man and wife
by Jennie June, and adds that "Jennie
June is a Haunch aud very practical
champion of her sex, and she tells many
trii.hu in the way of gentle criticisms
which mankind would do well to heed."
The women of Madrid, it is e?fld, are
much superior to the men in withstand
ing the inclemencies of weather. When
here is a cold wind from the (.iuadainana
Kaiiu'e, the male Madrid is ridiculously
uiiilllod up. while the women saunter
about in lightly covered heads and shoul
ders nearly bare, apparently the happiest
of morula.
"Olivia" writes that Senator Booth is
such a hardened bachelor that "a sigh
drawn fresh and pure fro a the deepest
and most capricious female bosom and ap
plied to the right place will have no more
e fleet than a lloluun liver pad admin
istered for lockjaw, whilst a glance from
the most brilliant eye tails like a sunbeam
on an alligator's back.'l
When Douglas Jerrold heard a society
bora speaking 0f a song that "always
carried him away" when he heard it.
Jerrold asked if tome one present won d
leaae to aing it.
Inebriety.
The habit of drinking to intoxication ia
partly a vice, and partly a disease. Drunk
enness.ua vice, is very old indeed; it
seems to have always existed wherever
the materials were accessible. Drunken
ness, as a disease, viebrUty, has been rec
ognized but recently, and It appears to be
especially and increasingly frequent in
this country. . ... .v..
He who drinks to intoxication for the
fun of it, for the sake of the pleasure it
gives, or to drive dull care away, is vicious,
lie who drinks because he cannot help
drinking, who is borne on against his
wishes and strivings by an irresistible
impulse, is diseased. Drunkenness, as a
vice, may, and often does, lead to drunk
enness as a disease, and the two forms
are frequently combined. Drunkenness,
as a vice, may be, and often is, stopped
by signing a pledge of aostinonce, which
the victim Bometiraes finds no serious
difficulty in keeping so long as he is not
surrounded by evil companions. Drunk
enness as a disease, is rarely cured by
signing the pledge, or by so-called moral
measures of any kind. With such per
sons life is a constant pledge; they wish
to be delivered from their Buffering as
much as the dyspeptic patient withes to
be delivered from his indigestion, or the
neuralgic patient of his pain. The dyspep
tic and neuralgic sufferer may pledge him
self to abstain from eating those articles
and exposing himself to those influences,
as cold and dampness, that experience
shows to be harmful; but, in addition,
positive remedial measures may be need
ed for the accomplishment of a cure.
Likewise the inebriate may pledge him
self to abstain from alcoholic liquors, and
may put himself into a position where be
can't get thorn, but to this negative treat
ment should often be added positive med
ication, if we expect a permanent or
even tempory cure. In a word, inebriety
is a neurotisA functional disease of the
nervous system and should be treated
on the same principle as other and al.ied
nervous diseases.
The popular mind understands with
ease that small-pox, typhoid fever, and
ague are diseases, although the poisons
that cause these disorders are not revealed
to the senses, because the symptoms are
seen as well as experienced by the suf
ferer, it is not necessary to depend on the
statements ot the patient; wo know mat
he is sick, even if he insists that he is
quite well. Inebrity, on the other hand,
is purely subjective, and only exhibits it
self by drinking, which is a habit com
mon to thousands who are not inebriates,
but are simply drunkards. Ono need not
wonder at the slowness with which ine
brity has taken its position as a disease
when we consider that besides being a
subjective malady like neuralgia, neuras
thenia, and hypochondriasis, it is alsooo
soured by being confounded with the hab
it of drunkenness.
Inebriety has four characteristics that
are common to it the automatism of its
symptoms, periodicity, transmissibility,
and relupsibility.
The symptom of drinking to excess that
belongs to inebriety is a much beyond
the control of the sufferer, oftentimes, as
neuralgia or sick headache; whatever re
sponsibility that attaches to the patient
must be referred to a time prior to the
outbreuk of the disease, when exposure
to the exciting causes might perhaps have
been avoided, or when the early tempta
tion might have been successfully resist'
ed. Dr. Crothers, of Hartford, has given
thedetails of four cases of inebriety where
tho malady was excited by breathing the
air of the seaside; whenever they came
near the sea coast or when they crossod
the ocean the symptoms of headache, de
bility depression and morbid craving for
alcohol came upon them with irresistible
power. We may blame n man for expos
ing himself to danger of taking cold, but
no one blames a man affected with bron
chitis for coughing. A boy struggling in
the middle of a deep river, borne down
by the current, may bo blamed 'or not
having learned to swim when he had op
portunity, or for going beyond his depth
or for venturing too noar the edge of the
bank against parental injuution. but sure
ly he cannot be blamed for his inability
to keep his bead at the surface, or for not
resisting with success the force of the
stream. Just here is tho responsibility of
inebriates, so far as they can be said to be
responsible for the disease from which
they suffer. There are some inebriates
who directly inherit the tendency to their
disease, just as they might inherit the
tendeucy to insanity, or epilepsy, or nou
ralgia, or hay fever, and who are no more
and no less responsible in one case than
in the other.
One important result of the researches
in the physiology and pathology of the
brain is to limit responsibility, or rather
to define iU limitation, and to reduce the
causes for blame and for praise of human
actions to a scientific basis. A type and
test of this relation of disease to responsi
bility is found in inebriety.
Initesck of Cooper's Novels. The
husband of Fennimore Cooper's niece
said to "Gath" tho other day: "I had an
incident happen to me many years ago
which particularly impressed mo with
the influence of Mr. Cooper. He was not
popular in this town, where tho people
looked at him in the light of a neighbor,
rather than a literary producer. I was
in a bank, and one night a correspondent
in Wisconsin, a German banker, was
called upon to stop and see us on some
matters of mutual account. He took a
sleigh at Fort Plain, ou the railroad, and
came over to Coojcrstown in the most
weather. It was bitterly cold, tho wind
blowiug and tho snow falling. The old
man came into our house after dark.clad
in furs from bead to foot, and when he
hod warmed himself be exclaimed:
'My groeious! I can't realize that I am
at the borne of Cooper the great Fenni
more Cooper! When I was a boy, in
Germany, his writings were my passion.
We all believed in him and considered
him the greatest author that ever wrote.
Now I must go to see bis grave before I
take off my overcoat!' I went with this
man, much against my will, in the
freezing night to the graveyard, and
there, standing by the grave of Cooper,
the old fellow devoutly uncovered his
head and began to soliloquize, in his
native tongue, but I felt by his gestures
that there was no affectation in his
homage."
A centleman com on tn
asks for a revolver. "Here's a real nice
family weapon,"- says the clerk.
"Family weaDon?" "Ye fimil whmh-
just the thing for domestio tragedies;
Sil-shooter. TOO Ma air ln hnllota fnm
your wife two bullet for the destroyer of
jour Happiness, ana two lor yourself.
All the go, air! Sell hundreds of 'em
for bridal presents, sir."
To
It is now nearly forty yea
first began to watch their habiu
year after year I Lave witnesaS '
Pugnacity of the Salmon.
..peri"
rtlntio r P88
iHjile
cb
, lough
terrible fight carried ou amonu r
for position. They are beautiful
strong when they first arrive, but uY
or three days they become covered
ugly scratches, and black fin JV
torn to shreds by tho teeth. ln .i
eight days these wounds begin tot
and spread, assuming a whitish a
Hence, from the changed annenMn
,.icl.
filler"
eir tim
fish affected are vulgarly called go.;
in aoouiiourieen uuya a mould or f,
..II.. .1. .!.... itul ""J
lujij uuuiui iwcu uver IU8 woiu'
and then these fish generally Bint
lot
may be found in large numbers afoj
unable to move in tho eddies and ii
lows of the river. I have again i
again stood on tho bank within .
feet of them in tho stream, and so hi
Into and nbsorbed did the males Men:
their hostlo work thnt they were ntt
Vnh
ts look
uoiiviouo iv wiu picoeueu 01 anT rJ
nigh them. That the wounds thr,. J
flictod is the origin of tbe disea4r
firmly believe, and what makes it mll'trel"l
probable is the fact that I W. ..Hoi9.1
known one of the females thus affortJ
the upper waters. From the evidJ
crdhe
L.nality-
given it noj seems that the did
attacks maie ana iemaie alike. 1
may bo explained by supposing tL
laverw
aiwr iuo uiBeosuu umi uave ueen
down to the lower pools, and the sic
aud healthy yet mingled togother, i
the fungus fully developed, it bpen.
TOWlB,
infectious and seizes others in the In.
waters. Again, tho fact that all variet;
of the salmon aro equally attacl
idthe
points to the sanio conclusion. The
tenor
trout and what are called the little
fittli r.mnn first: the main and fnmoU
OOP
ing nearly equally divided, few flghtsTr101
deaths occur. Next come the brosr ,
the "buttoners," so called, fromis
below the nock. Among the two kt
there are at least a dozen malei
every female fish, hence bitter fights d
widespread disease and death ens:
t , . r i
easily, aooui luarcn, comes a sn.J
variety with snow-white bellies, and
the proportion of males and femu
Bis we
among these is reversed, so also are
results. I observe that it is a popu
theory with some of the witnesses 3
tho disease arises from the salmon be'
unduly detained in the fresh m:
This theory appears to me to be toU
olor.
unsupported by reliable testimony
may state as a fact that in a small p:
in this district mere nas been asgJI
salmon kept for two years and anolLi
for one. Both continuo lively and si
Biut he
parently in good health, catching W
flies and minnows. Sure these obser
tions go far to prove the origin oft!
disease. Laud and fraler.
London lu Winter.
Some one has said that in order to A
a very good idea of what London is
Blotto
at this season of the year you have
poko your head Up a foul chimney
keep it there a few minutes. Then
not bo very mucu exaggeration in ll);
if yon go out for a walk you come h
with face and hands grimed with bo
with your collar and wrist-bands
black as if they bad boon worn a mon
in a coal mine, and with your lungs ft;
of a sulphurous-flavored smoke. Insii
the house everything is half spoilt
Picture frames get block, and a Lea'
layer of dust and soot deposits itself
all the books. A brass chandelier tun
dark and corrodes in a week. Sih
begins to look like dirty bronze.
look clean and feel comfortable a
simply impossible. A "boiled shirt" if
black as a chimney-sweeper's rag if!.
two hours wear. Jt or days together
has been as mnch as one can do to
one's way about the 8troots, and
Christmas eve the oldest Londoner con!
not porform that feat. There is a mu
moro horrible darkness than that of m;
night, and it is that of mid-day iu Lc:
don during a fog. Literally, it is a dat
ness that may bo felt and smelt too, s;
a very nasty smell it is. All the new
papers have been writing leading articl'
on the subject recently, but I cannot
that it has done the least bit of gco!
The fog seems to have no respect for t!
press. "What is to becomf, of us?" ssl
the editors. The only thing to do.
one can manage it. is to rise up u
shake the dust or, rathes, the gren
soot of this monstrously overgrown an.
liH.-JUUl.lU Ulljr UU IUB BU1US OI UUO B I"'
So many people cannot live together i
one place with health and comfort. Sotr
of us must fo. A good many "go" mnol
; a. ii ii i i . iL
against iueir win, Drougnt up wiui
sharp turn by bronchitis or some fori
of lung disease. Tho rest of Englau
and half of Europe, is strewn with tl.
victims of London. Yet there are peop'
bo infatuated as to call it a healthy city
and they pretend that the mortality r
turns prove it, although it is well kno
that thousands who receive their de!
wounds in London go abroad to die. TL1
losses in a great battle are not to
reckoned only by the dead who t'
picked nn on th fiM. Cnrr. X. I
World.
Normal and Abnormal Action.
Spontaneous action is the first li':
all organs and functions. Created'
this purpose, it is to them what gravi-7
to matter. Onlv two kinds of action, De
nial and abnormal, are possible. The fc
mer consists in a natural, legitimate eil
ercise; the latter in a departure from nl
ture. ita Derversion and on truce. I
All normal action is rizht and good,H
cause in accord with tbe laws of our
ini?. while linnMturil art inn rontraveo
and infringes upon these laws and there H
innicts pain.
The physical fuuetions. when in norm-
action, create health, and are inexpres
inly delightful, while their abnormal'
tion causes disease and sickness, and i
ways painful. In like manner virtue at
vice are the resultants of normal and '
normal action.
This definition of the effects of ri; '
or wrong action of the functions, whetkrj
physical or mental, is fundamental ar-
universal. This test and touchttone 1
all our feelinzs and action ia as trues
ia sweeping, and when applied to all 1
any of what we may do or say, is at'
nuiuieiy iniauiaoie ana Is a wrre
and guide for all human to aduct It :
worthy of our most profound consider
uon.
Did you ever notice that the man wb j
calls a baby "m brat" never knows
much in a week as ft ten -pound bat.
Shell6,
hoevci
.ii a
metlM
OJOU,
imol
jewi
it oa
;oa ti
rites bi
Mint
, hen h
aty-
irrone
by oi t
crowd
deer.
oking
ullai
lindsoi
is no
aalik
its a
"Wli
vspect
Sliein
lone i
Jjron'
' ma
herefc
-helle;
tician,
Ludai
lien
oni (
Jut I
rom a
ersal
mderi
'eacoi
ften i
leve i
iewa
iseu s
Bi
hem,
"W
rs. :
it th
need
rtars
.'lassi
That
undo
liette
mee
Jinn
be d
man
Mr
Jowi
tenet
now
Brow
iiesr.
"1
hei
Do
fort
fori
tstic
the i
idei
hmt
H
Sis:
IMlj
een
Ona
Tit
Id
tbe
ki(
kt
ocal
thin
Jin
Ton
pier
phe
ert
poe
i
itk
mg
get
b
tri
1m
Ms
h
the
m
n
bu
o
1
lei
in
i
tk
H
aoes is minute.