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About The Eugene City guard. (Eugene City, Or.) 1870-1899 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 13, 1879)
A IS HUN rKIH'KSS. Surah Winnemucca, daughter of (ho Chief of the Fiute Indiana, Ne vada, lectured at Piatt's Hall a few fe' evenings ago on "Indians." The audience was not large, but was very appreciative. The Piuto Princess appeared on the stage in full Indian costume. She wore a short buck, akin dress, the skirt bordered with fringe and embroidery, short sleeves, disclosing finely rounded brown arms, and scarlet loggings, with trim mings of fringe. On her head she wore a bead dress of eagles' feathers, got in ft scurlct crown, contrasting well with her flowing black locks. She spoko naturally and without constraint, and displayed a remarka ble knowledge of English. Speaking of the Indian outbreak of 18G0, sho said: , At that timo there were only four fumilies in our region of tho country. We loved them as wo loved our brothers. If wo were so barbnrous, what was to prevent us from killing them ? One day there were two littlo culs missing from our tribe Search was made for them. They could not be found. Ihey had been taken into tho house of two white brothers, who promised them somo thing to eat. They wore timid at first and did not want to go. But afterward they did and wero kept nd nut down a collar. When the Indians looked for thorn they camo to this house, and the brothers said thev had not been there. Iho In dians searched the house, and when they saw tho ring of tho trap door that led into the collar, they did not think anything wrong, because they did not understand how the whito men could make a cellar in tho ground. The fifth dny an Indian camo along on a fine horse. Tho brothers wanted to buj' it, and offered him a gun, fivo cans of pow dor, load aud caps. lie said he would exchange, and they put the horso in the stable and locked it. Then tbey gave the Indian a gun and somo powder, but wouldn't give him anv lead or caps. Then ho be- ffan to hollor, and the littlo girls in the collar, hearing him hollor, hoi- lored too. lie knew then that tho cirls wero there. Ho told his tribe, and they said, "Give up tho girls, or we wiil kill you." xne urotners said they did not know where tho girls were, but tho Indians kdockou them down and found the opening in the floor. They opened the trap door and found tho poor littlo girls, with their mouths all tied up so that they could not speak. Ibis started iue trouble of 1800. Soldiers camo, and tho Indians had to fight tho white men. I have come here to lay down tho facts, good or bad, in bo half of my people. But people say of the Indians, "Exterminate them! exterminate them!" My friends, they would not say this of the Chi naman or the ncsrro. When the sol diers camo all was trouble. There was one trood man named Clayton, who came among us, and brought goods and beads and handkerchiefs. Wo learned to lovo that man. When tho fighting commenced, ho said to mv brother. Natchez: "Bo merciful unto me, Natchez; save my life My brother said: "It is almost too late; but I will firo over your head and you can roll down tho hill, and the Indians will think you are dead." But ho was too late, and tho Indians killed Clayton. Ho taught us English.' Ho did roll down tho hill, and his bones lie there rotting. After the regular soldiers, troops came and told us to lay down our arms. I was a littlo bit of a girl then. T'uey told us to so on tho re servation and iho eovernmcnt would eivo us provisions every day. Did they do it? No; they didn't. Tho agents robbod us. Just as long as an agent can keep my people down he will do it just as long as the world stands. But how can I toaeh my people to bo good? I say to them, "You must bo good, end must not condemn the whole white race because thev do Vfron to a few of your women. Sometimes you kill innocent people." I tell them they must not lie, and must love their neighbors as themselves, and they say "Who are our neighbors the people next us, or around us?" And I say, "No, the whole human family aro our neighbors" But tho white men will cot look upon us as neigh bors. Then what aro we? We have hands and a face, only it is red in stead of white. If they could only know our feelings my friends, they would call us their neighbors. In 1878 Mr. Grannis came in to preach a sermon, and I interpreted it. He said: "If you are not good you will go to a place called hell. If you are good, and do not lie and steal and commit adultery, you will go to hea yen." One of the men interrupted him, and turned to Rinehart, the agent, and saia, "You say to be good and we will go to heaven. Mr. Uine hart, where will you go? You claim to be a Christian man. You knee and uplilt your hands and tears roll down your face. Who do you pray to? We are Indians and do not un derstand. We have eyes but you think us blind. You hold out your left hand and pray for us and your right band ia grabbing something else." Mr. Rioenart ia a good man, probably. I think he is a good roan. Tha biggest thief, whether manor woman, is good if wealthy. With the jingle in his pocket and plenty in his haud, he lives away up socially. Rinehart despised my peoplo in man v ways. He told them that their belonged to tho governmout, but if iney would cultivate it, the goTorn- mem wouia pay them ?l a day, whethor child, woman or man. About 400 Indians went to work, and Saturday night took in their bills. He would not pay them, but said, "Tho government has not sent me the money yet, but you can have gooas out ot ray store rants aro 83; blankets, $C; shirts, SI 50 to 83; stockings, four bits; and shoes, 83, 81 85. You can buy them here or at tho government storo at Canyon City, but at no other Btoro." My pooplo iiuhjj ine;r neaus, anu wero not pleased. Rinehart beat my peoplo. Ho first would strike aud boat them, and afterwards carried a pistol to frighten them. Is this tho way to treat my people, 1 would like to know? Ho sends us sub-agents to giiiuer in inuians on nis reservation, i.-i.i . out iney Know bis bad reputation and they won't come. Ho has not an Indian on his reservation now. Ho used to say thore were no appropria tions for tho Indians, and ho could not anord to feed them out ot his own pocket. I wonder where the money comes from now that thore aro ho Indians. Princess Sarah after fur thor enlarging upon the bad treat ment of Rinehart as an Indian agent, related her adventure as a scout un der General Howard in tho Bannock war, and expressed it as her opinion, ana mat ot her peoplo, that tho load ers should bo punished hanged, or imprisoned for life but the peoplo should bo allowed to go on a good reservation; they should bo taught to build and farm, and cducatod without the interterenco of an agent; they could make their own living, and would bo glad to do so. S. F. Post. A Queer Craft vor the Czar.. His Majesty the Czar has ordered tho construction at Glasgow of one ot tho mosjennous vessols ever built. It is a pleasure yacht of some 7000 tons burden, to bo mado of steel, and to bo driven by three bronze screws. Tho lower portion of this experimen tal craft will be shapod liko a hugo flat fish, being almost us broad as it is long, with sharp sides and pointed at both ends. The imperial yacht will bo exactly like a brill, in fact, as regards contour and dimensions. On tho back of tbo vast plcuro-ncctid will bo reared a floating palace of balls, salons, boudoirs and cabins, rising story abovo story, so that, though tho strango vessol will no whero draw more than fifteen leet of watei and this only when tho scvews are submerged sho will tower out of the sea far abovo tho loftiest waves, which are expected to dash and break in vain against her enormous area and flattoned bilges. The extraordinary model now being put togethor by Messrs. Elder & Co. is principally do signod to abolish that very uncom fortable movement at Bca which troubles czars as woll as meaner per sons, and wo doubt not that a very special degree of stability will finally be obtained. The circular popofl'skas though failures as men-of-war have always proved remarkably steady in a seaway; and this prodig ious flat fish of steel ought to ride almost as placidly as a floating island, were it not for that "scend" of the ocean which no vessel, how. ever big, has ever yet conqucrod. Tho czar's yacht will carry only a few light cannon, but if tho design succeeds, it is intended to build fight ing craft upon the same lines, to ro ccivo heavy marine artillery. (Lon don Telegraph. Siohtino a Cannon. In olden times a mio-ht snuint Lisjleft eye along a field piece and have it fired witn tne nope oi uiuiug numc thing somewhere. Now, however, the u;l,tin(T nf a. rnnnon ia more difficult to do than the solution of a problem in conic sections of a school boy. His in- . l T" l. strunients must be usea in rruuee e- fore the word ''lire" is given. Iho anemometer measures tho lorco ana i;tir nf tlm wind. The pressure of the atmosphere is taken by means of a barometer. The sights aro gruuuuu urih tha nressure of a certain figure, and of course a change must be made if the pressure is greater or less, aw .T.mMT .riven the amount of momturo in the atmosphere. The degree of damp ness materially anecw mo tha fliVht nf a cannon ball, al- though to meet one of them you would not expect it wouiu minu uuwimcn,, .i : i A iilnnrliptte it used where the object fired at is out of sight. A telemeter, or rangiuiucr, .1 in ascertain the distance of ClllUlVj v-v w objects fired at, and finally a thermome ter trives the temperature, as the sight P . , ... il ; warm marks that wouia do au rigui. weather are too cold for firing in cold weather. After all this is done, we pre sume it does not require more than hair - i tn fait the dinner to fire. It must make them mad after all their cal culations are made to nnu inai uie u . milfl of the object floes u" 6 . . i , fired at, or what is more probable to find that the enemy Has movea uu uuc Hun dred miles or so while the figuring is going on. The rencu arm . to provide eacn cannim '".- -"": r .Airr do the siKhting. tfing- hampton Democrat. Minnie Lewis' beauty was unrivalled L. nf Hot Bonnes. i ii, . f.i-Ipt ia said to have IUU III i.J - J . married her for the purpose of putting her on the stage. He UUered uu , ould be attractive mow " 7" , bring him wealth; butshe laded when e took her on a theatrical tour, and he ioon leu ner. suicide. 1 BCSSIAX MHlLltf. 18U Pul Ploutar Pr, Oct. 1.) Yesterday afternoon there arrived in St. Paul, in company with some of the returning party of the English investi gating committee, who have just been on a trip into Winnipeg, Mr. A. W. Stiffel, of Odessa, Russia, a genuine nihilist, who, to em-ape banishment to Siberia, or peruaps ueatn, was compelled to flee to America. A reporter of the Pioneer dress met this prominent Russian, who formerly owned over 90,()00 acres of laud in the southern part of his native coun try, and embraced the opportunity for an interview. He is apparently not over twenty-eight years of ago, of medium height, dark complexion, with a dark, pleasant eye. His attire was American throughout but for his accent he would be easily taken for a Frenchman. Mr. Stifl'el is a fine linguist, and spoko very good English. He is enthusiastic over tho subject of nihilism, which he says is wrongly associated w ith ideas of com munism in this country. The interview was opened by the question, when oud how was the party organized? Mr. Stifl'el replied that eighteen years ago Prof. Bakoonin, a Russian fanatic, attempted to create a party who desired lawlessness and disorder, and who were soou put down, as they ought to have been. A few years later, at tho close of the Austro-rrussian war, this second party was organized, and at once termed, in reproach, nihilists. Then the students throughout all the colleges discussed politics; young men and womon partici pated alike, and in their debates the com parisons drawn between tho despotism of Russia and the personal freedom permit tod i l other countries was odious and galling. Tho pooplo w ere more abject slaves than evon in Turkey. Families were broken up and the meiulwrs tikeu to Siberia as if only cattle The mem bers of this society do not want anarchy, but a revolution in tho government. They want only a constitutional govern ment, where the people can elect their members of parliament and have a voice in the dictation of thoir affairs. To rem edy the evil of turning over the govern ment to so many uneducated and ignor ant people he would make tho law that no one can vote unless he can read and write. Thus ho would have more schools and better educated peoplo. Are tne ladies largely interested ? The most effective portion of our society. said Mr. Stiffel, is composed of ladies. They work secretly, successfully elude government spies, and are invaluable in their labors. They furnish us with in formation oftentimes of great value. Tho first conflict between nihilists and Rus sian police was at St. Petersburg in 1875, when nearly 250 students, young ladies and gentlemen, were banished to Siberia. Rut this didn't frighten ns. We went to work at once to organize thoroughly. Now we have our committees of safety, or executive committeos, as you may call them, in different countries, and the or ganization is as perfect as possible under the circumstances. The head committee is composed of men, three of whom live in Russia, three in Switzerland, two at Geneva and one in Zurich. The Russian members have their headquarters at the universities of St. Petersburg and Kief, and are constantly traveling through Russia, organizing and gaining informa tion. How do the Nihilists work? Well, re plied the Russian representative, we or ganize in committees of six. That is, each member goes out and forms a com pany of six. We only know the mem bers of that company and the one in which wo first enlisted. So that each Nihilist only knows but twelve of his fel low members, and if he proves traitor can only give the names of eleven other Nihilists. It is not necessary to have signs or secret grips. Of course, some of the leading men know more than twelve, but they are not the ones to be tray. The Nihilists aro very much bet ter organized than the government. There are members everywhere in Rus- sia. in tne poiace oi me emperor ihiuu isra may bo found. Men and women in every station of life, from the hovel of tho poorest to the home of the richest, are members of the society. Wealthy farmers and others often in disguise go among their neighbors and enroll them in the ranks. What compelled you to leave Russia ? You must remember that the Nihilists are often enabled to thwart tho plans of the government in its tyranny. My friends notified mo two days prior to tho making out of the papers that I was to be arrested. I went to Gen. Kotzcbne, tho military governor, who had been a personal friend of my father, and he in timated that I had better travel at once, and I did so. I went to Vienna and es caped. Then in a short time Gen. Kot zebuo was succeeded at Odessa by Gen Todleben, who wasanxious to secure my arrest. He sent orders to the Russian Embassador at Vienna to have me arrest ed and hurried across the frontier. Ni hilist friends again secretly informed mo and I went to the embassador one Sunday morning last January, and ho informed me that I would be arrested tho next dav. That night I started for London anil remained there some months. You want to know what I had done to merit this? Well, I will tell you. I had a IS i- hilist friend who was trying to escape the clutches of the police and I befriend ed him. Ho came to my house and i se creted him, though the Russian law re quires that you give the police the name with a description of each inmate. The news came that my house would be searched, so I provided my friend with a passport under a false name and three hundred roubles, and his escape was successful. The next day the house was searched, and some of his letters, which he had fonrotten in his haste, were found and considered sufficient evidence for my arrest. When did you join the Nihibsts? Soon after I left college I took a trip to Japan and China, and stopped at Siberia n mv way nome. mere ior me ur jme t saw the fearful barbarity to which kit fellow citizen were subjected by a despotic government. It stirred every drop of blood in my veins at the outrage and I determined to enliat with theNihil- and do what I could to get a cnange inuniniAiit WIit th Kiberian mines are filled with relatives of Nihil, No one is spared, ana w noie are separated and consigned during their life to a Siberian mine ex istence, more horrible than life under the most cruel of kings or the blackest of governments. But tell mo, asked tho reporter, why yon asaassmste governors, cte. Why, those men who are killed, are unendurable h, their tjranny. It to comes necessary to romovo them, and the fiat goes forth and they are killed. It has a good effect for a while, for thoir successornare cautious and reasonable. But we don't want a general uprising y f ""'hilist party is not strong enough. e do not want to kill tho em peror, for he is getting old and can reign only a lev year8 more -hon tho at. tempt was niailo to assassinate the empe ror by a Sihilist, the Nihilist press re pudiated tho attempt as lxing one to carry out the wish of tho society. Tho fellow was crazy who triod it. Yon aoe we go among tho uneducated and get their sympathies by telling them we don t want to kill tho emperor. If wo did it would be easy enough, for a year ago I posse! the emperor, when he was out for a piomenado. I was within three feet of him and had two revolvers in my pocket load'd. Just us soon as ho dies or abdicat.8, which cun't bo far away, tho ezarowitz will come on to the throne, and that is what we want. The ezaro witz is veiy liberally inclined, and to that sourct wo look for help. If we should kill tho emperor now you seo what a svnpathy it would create, and perhaps defeat our plans. What did you learn on your trip to Siberian mines? said Mr. Stiffel, I could not tell you the half. There aro two classes there; One live with their fanii lies and never return to Russia unless pardoned, and aro restricted to the terri tory northeast of Yakoutsk; tho other class are condemned to tho mines. Tho sufforingsof their transportation exceeds that of the slave trave. Fumilies are piled in liko freight, and many terribly suffer and dio. Tho horrors in the pent up docks aro beyond description. When I was at Katherincberg I saw UK) Nihi lists, chained like felons, naked almost, and foot-sore, being inarched over tho cold steppes jM January. Ono ship-load from Odessa carried 000 persons, pocked like dead pigs. It required eighty-two dajs to niako tho trip. Not a stop was mode, and at tho conclusion 400 had per ished It was fearful! Tell me about somo of tho prominent arrests, replied Mr. Stifl'el: I could enu merate them all day but I will givo you two instances. Ono was of a rich Odessa merchant, nimied Droskv, who was worth 80,000,000 roubles, Well, ono day in the council of Odessa, of which ho was a member, during au exciting dobato, ho nudo uso of tho worda that "tho timo hud coma when Odessa should no longer bo subservient to Russia." Tho govern ment was informed through a spy of tho language, and in seveu hours lkiisky hud been arrested and was on his way to Sibe ria. Rut ho was wealthy, and by paying 5,000,000 roubles to olliciids m a few months obtained his liberty. Then there wai a doctor, a friend of mine, who for some reason had roused the Government's'suspicion, and he was arrested and hurried into Siberia. That night the father of a little siok girl camo to tho house to get medicino, was seen by the ollicers and arrested. Soou after tho mother grew anxious, started out to the doctor's houso and was locked up. Sovoral days after, whon they hod a hearing, they told their story, and an officer was sent to seo if they had a sick child. In the room, all alone, tho littlo one was found dead from neglect, and the heart-broken parents were released. Why, yon have no idea, oitlior, con tinued tho Russian, of tho fearful state of corruption thut exists in our Govern ment. The poor ore taxed unmercifully and the rich scarcely at all. An officer goes into the army on a salary of 100 roubles a month, and m a littlo wnu comes out rich. Ono of them came to my farm to'purchaso oats. The current price was t2 cents, and ho offered, if I would sign a receipt for 90 cents, that ho would pay mo 72 cents. They want war bocauso it gives them an opportunity to muko money. We never know how the Government finances stand or whero our money goes. Thut is kept from us as if we were slaves. You said it was not policy to kill tho Emperor, for ho would get out of tho way in fivo years. Suppose ho should livo ten, fifteen, or twenty years ? Well, at tho proper time, when tho nihilists were powerful enough, I sup poso, said Mr. Stiffel, with a shrug of tho shoulders, tho ordor would be given to kill him, if there was no other pros poct of relief. To show you how well we aro organized to get government infor mation, hero is an incident: Most of our papers are printed on presses pluced on carriages, for wo have to keep moving about. After General Trenthn signed the verdict for the death of nihilists, one morning we sent him a printed copy. He looked at it, and remarked thut the copy was a dirty one and ws ought to have been more polite. In five hours another, dono in gold and soveral colors, costing two hundred roubles, was sent him. In his attempt to find out who brought us the information that ho mado thut remark, ho had several arrested and condemned to Siberia, but ho was assassinated. What are you to do now ? I am coming to Minnesota to ojien a big farm of 10,000 acres. Our colony will consist of four couples, five nnmar-A-d young men, one widot and twelve children, all of whom have been com pelled to leave Russia. We are going to have a model farm, and raise not only wheat but all kinds of produce possiblo. If sny of our friends want to join ns from Russia, and will apply to the nihilist committee in Englund, we will gladly send them money to pay their passage. Shall you go back to Russia ? Mr. Stiffel said not for some years. It would not be long, he thought, before he could visit Russia in safety. The nihilists would win the day. He be lieved there would be a war with Eng land over the Afghanistan troubles, and that Russia would win. Then would be the bright day for the nihilists, whose aid would be needed, and who would be granted their desired constitutional gov ernment. Printing office "devils" are talking about holding a convention. It will be quite a demonstration. buenait Time. The way the weather nu Deen we judge the convention being held round somewhere. A domestic named Angelica Jourdan bas passed over her last name and be come a portion of ber first name, bhe attempted to kindle a fire with ooal oU. BemlnbeeDres of Professor Morse. It is worth while to pick np now, while it is still possible, some few anecdotes of Samuel Fiuley Brocso Morso, the inven tor of the telegraph, and to record theui. Such incidents, thrilling though they be, allow us to form somo slight estimate of this remarkable man. Perhaps the most salient trait that Morse hud, was the positive bolief in the necessity of his invention. There was no half-hearted-ness about him. Such men as Bernard do Palissy, are, it is true, fow in this word. Tho French potter was willing to burn his baby's cradle, providing it would furnish fuel for heating his kiln. Putting aside as much as may differences of age and time, Polissy seeking to per fect his dish, or Morso to develop his tel egraph, the divergence between tho two is wido. Tho former was groping for perfection in a physical thing. Men had oaten from earthenware, and slacked their thirst from patene, ever since the world was known. It behooved Palissy, perhaps, to invent new glazes, new forms, new ornameuU. But with Morse it was to convince a world of a new method of imparting information, to pro ject something w hich was in a certain measure ahead of theni. It was a novel mental psocess, which was to bo driven through people's head. If taking 10 as tho Bum total of the difficulties in tho way of tho introduction of tho telegraph, the Morso instrument, tho svstem of wires, these can hardly bo said to have represented more than a quarter of tho trouble. Of course, all this hos boon written and rewritten, but this element of farsightedness must place Morse on a higher piano than that accorded to mere inventors. It was somo tinin in IStIt, while tho first work was being proso cuted, that somo laborers near Baltimore wore digging a trench, in which tho lead pipes were to bo placed, which incased tho wires. A heavy thunderstorm camo up. Professor Morse was watching tho workmen. It rained so hard that Morso aud a Bon of his sought refuge in a neigh boring shod. "Tho time will come," said Morse, when wo will havo to hang these wires on poles." Nowadays wires in tho sir havo accumulated so fast that wo are devising methods of burying them again. It hos lccn declared that Morse felt elated after Congress had granted him tho desired pecuniary aid, somo $180,000. As far as can bo learned, for Professor Morso was a God-fearing man, tho sentiment of gratitudo only was prominent, but as to that wild exulta tion, which would carry away weaker men, tho great electrician felt nono of it. At thut very timo ho was so poor that on his return from Washington, whero ho hod gono so as to understand inoro thor oughly somo of tho clauses governing tho money appropriation, having been met by a young lad, ono of his family, tho boy said jocosely to his father: "Now, father, you ought to treat on that." "So I would, my son," was the grave reply, "but this is all the money I have in tho world," and a silver quarter of a dollar was produced. It was much earlier than this that Morse, when with a friend in Wall street, somo time before 1810, when in addition to tho news brought by steamer bulletin-boards had posted on them tho prices of stocks, that tho Professor said to an astonished friend, "You seo those prices of stock quoted ? Well, before many years you will havo tho price of telegraph stock put on tho board." Of course, as was perfectly natural, tho Professor's friend looked at him w ith amazement. Tho devising of his telegraph machinery so fully ab sorbed his mind that in tho neighbor hood in which ho livod, good, straight forward peoplo could hardly understand liim. A son mentions the iVt that as lio was playing with a child in a publio square, Bonie compassionate friond of the family, looking at him, said: "Poor child, it would bo a hundred times bet ter if your father would pay more atten tion to you, instead of working over his old rusty wires, which nover can come to anything." When Morso was biking doguerreotypes on tho top of tho build ing at tho corner of Nassau and Bookman streets, Samuel Colt, the inventor of the revolver, was a friend of tho electrician. Colt had his mind full of a torpedo for the defenso of tho coast, which was to bo exploded by on electric circuit. As Morso had tho wires and battery, the dubblcr in torpedoes found his necessary mochinory ready at hand. On ono occa sion, when Morso was absent, an experi ment was to be tried on tho roof of the hoiise with a slight charge of powder, which was to be confined under a fig drum. The gentleman who tolls this story was then a mere lad, light of weight, and was exactly tho convenient resisting medium which Colt wanted. It was agreed that tho boy should stand on tho box w hile tho powder was fired. Just as all preparations were completed, and tho lad stood on tho box, Professor Morso appeared, who took in tho situa tion at a glunce. "Stop," he cried, "Colt, bid that boy get down. If you want to try that experiment, jump np in his place "There is not the eighth of a pound of powder their," said Colt, "but, I am agreed. I will get np in the boy's place. Professor, do you touch tho key." Touch the key did Morso. An explosion followed, and it was all that Colt could do, who was a man of large build, to prevent him from being hurled over into the street below, if the boy hud stood there, he would hare been cer tainly lifted into the air. It was evident that then Professor Morse knew that ex plosions were intensified in accordance with the means employed to fire peculiar substances, and must have had an ink ling of the effect of what is now called the vibratory influence on detonating substances. "Once," says an informant, "in Professor Morse's later life, he wanted a package of papers, which, he told me, were on his table. I secured a voluminous bundle of documents, and having brought them down, presented them to the Professor. "You have made a mistake; these are not the papers I wanted. Still, though they are of no moment now, at one time they canned me a certain amount of disturbance. They represent the vouchers paid by me for lawyers, costs and expenses in de fending my telegraph. I once took the trouble to add up these figures. I cant give it exactly now, but the aggregate ought to sum np something tery close on to $000,000." Professor Morses charities were endless. All the lmpe eornons of the United State made bim their milch cow. He gare, if not wiaely, (least well, and must havo, during the last twonty years of his lifo, dispensed a fortune in small suras. jv. 1 . Timet. The Boyhood of William Pitt. Tho second son of William Pitt, first earl of Chatham, was born May 28, 1759, at the pleasant littlo Kentish village of Hayes, near Bromley. There are somo men who at a very early ago give signs of tho famo they are afterwards to ob tain. We are told that Smeaton, when a child of six, made a windmill; that Cardinal du Perron, when only seven, asked for a pen to write a book against tho Huguenots; that West, whon a boy, exclaimed, "A painter is a companion for kings!" and that w hen moro youths. Hartley determined to write a book on tho nature of man. Bacon a work on philosophy, Milton an epic poem, and Do Thou a history. Young Pitt belonged to this precocious order. And ut an ago when most boys wero reading Ciesar and toiling over tho elements of algebra, ho was a brilliant classic and a sound mathematician. "Tho fineness of Wil liam's mind," writes his mother, "makes him enjoy tho highest pleasure that would bo abovo tho reach of any other creature of his small ago." Ho had such exquisite quickness in grasping the meaning of authors, that his tutor once remarked, 'he nover Boomed to learn, but only to recollect.' Hawloy, tho poet, bocamo acquainted with him whilst or dered sea-bathing at Lynio.aud colls him a wonderful boy of fourteen;" indeed, so impressed was tho poet with tho conver sation of his young acquaintance that ho regretted not having asked his opinion upon an epic he was then writing. Tho favorite son of his father, William Pitt wits taught when a lad by his splen did sire how to recite, how to express his thoughts in severe English, and how to regard every subject, thut interested him irom it various points of view. He was fond of addressing an imaginary audience on the topics ef tho day, and declaiming from the sermons of Barrow or the speeches of Milton. "I am glad thut I am not on eldest son," ho said to his mother on her elevation to the peer ago us Baroness Chatham, "for I want to speak in tho Houso of Commons, like papa," Whilst paying a visit to the House of Lords the lad was introduced to Fox, and the greot debater used to toll how, as speeches were delivered, young Pitt, instead of being occupied by tho structure of tho chamber or tho robes of tho peers, was constantly turning round tolum and saying, "But, surely, Mr. Fox, that might be answered thus:" or, "Yes, but ho lays himself open to this retort." Never in tho annuls of biography was down piore brilliant. Tho health of Pitt had in its youth been so delicate as to exclude him from tho advantages of publio school lifo. He was eduoated ut homo nntil ho reached his fifteenth year, when ho was entered at Pembroke Hull, Cambridgo, in the spring of 1773. His marvellous abilities toon brought him prominently into notice. Before he quitted the university there was not a Greek or Latin writer of note whose works ho hod not read. So desirous was ho of not neglootinga single classic author, that he begged his tutor Pretyman, afterwards Bishop Tomline to study with him the obscure rhop sody of Lycophron. "This," writor, says Pretyman, "lie read with an ease at first sight which, if I had not witnessed it, I should hove thought beyond tho com pass of human intellect." Unlike many men who have ottoinod to a marked proficiency in the classes, Pitt was an excellent mathematician. The quickness with which ho solved the deepest problems was pronounced by ono of his admirers to bo unrivalled in tho university. Study he loved with a devotion which admitted of no interrup tion. He attended tho public lectures on civil law, he rood hard at political economy, he studied experimental philosophy, and he educated liimsolf in eloqnoneo iiy dwelling upon the most brilliant passages in Livy, Thucydidos and Sullust. At tho ago of seventeen he was admitted, after tho fashion of his day, to tho degree of Master of Arts, without examination, as the son of a peer. Ho did not, however, quit the university, but coutiuued a few years longer ut Cambridge, rootling with his tutor and building up for himself that storehouse of learning from which iu after lifo ho so freely drew, to the de light of his followers and the dread of his enemies. On the death of the earl of Chatham it becamo necessary for William Pitt to think of a profession. His brother had succeoded to the titlo, and tho fortuno of tholotopeor was only sufficient to sus tain tho now honors. With a younger son's provision of some three hundred a year, Pitt betook himself to the bar, and joined the Western Circuit. Shortly after ho hud boon called a general elec tion ensued, and with that confidence in himself which ono of his characteristics, ho stood as a candidate for his lute university. He was defeated, being re turned ot the bottom of the poll. "Mans field and Townshend have run away with the prize," he writes to his mother, "but my straggle has not been dishonor able." The convenient system of close boroughs, however, now came to his rescue, and throngh the interest of Sir James Lowther, lie was returnwl for Appleby. This was in tho year 1780. .- Uepretentalire Statetnwn. How ro T a Hons. Incredible as ; .,u.d nnt Imtf tlm tavern keepers. hostlers or teamsters know how to tie a horse, cither putting some clumsy anov that is troublosome to nndo or make a hiteh that is insecure. The proper way, after passing the tether round the thing to be attached to, is to make a half hiteh, passing the end of the strap through the oop. If the horse, nibbling, pulls it, he ; ii Vnot tiiliter. And to nn- hiteh, it is only necessary to remove the end from tho oow, anu it w iuuui lanann .1 lnnu-nml. Not one-fourth of of the butchers or farmers know how to tie the legs of a calf or sheep lor trans portation. The majority of peonle.when they want to make th animal very se cure, wind the cord tightly around the legs, causing pain from congestion. The proper way i to make a half knot only on each hind and fore leg alternately, fastening witlf a bow at last, which is eaitily untied. I find, usually, a pocket handkerchief the handiest thing, it being about the right size. Tied in this way, they are obsolutely secure and without pain. Country Gentleman.