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About The Eugene City guard. (Eugene City, Or.) 1870-1899 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 6, 1879)
Eugene Cily Guard. CASIPIIKLli IlHOTIIsSIti- PUBLISHERS. SATURDAY, DECEMBER - , 1879. THK PRESIDENT'S MISUSE. fellow CUltent tf thr. Sennit ami Ifmtuf. of Jleyre imtatitxt: 'ib members of the fori? tilth con gress have assembled lu their first ngular esion under circumstances calling for mutual congratu lations and grateful acknowledgment to tbe (liver of all good fur Uie large and unusual measure of naUonal prosperity which wo now enjoy. National finance. The moat Important event whtcn have occurred Id our publio aiTalrt since my I ant annual message to congress are connected with (tin financial oner atinm of the government, directly alltlng (be business) Interests of lire country. I congratulate congress on the tuarenful execution of the rii mo tion act. At tbe time fixed and lu the manner con templated by taw U H. notes began to b redeemed In coin. Since the first of January last they have been promptly redeemed on prctenta'lon, and In all business transactions, publio and private, lu al' parte of the country they are received and paid nut as tbe equivalent of coin. Tbe demand upon the treasury tor tola ana silver in exenstigo ior u. f. notes ban been comparatively una.l, and tbe vol untary depositor colu and bullion In excl change for I Dote hat been very lance. The excess of tbe pre cious metaU deposited or exchanged for I! 8. noli over the amount of V. 8. notes redeeme J In about WO.fJOOOOO. The rotumptlon of specie pxjtnonti has been fol lowed by a very great revival of business1. With a currency equivalent la valuo to thn money of the commercial world, we ant enabled to cuter upon an equal cnmpelitiou with, other natioui in trale and production, The Increasing foreign demand for our manufactures aud tgrlcultural prodiiuu, lias caused a large balance oi trade in nui favor, which has beeu paid lu gold Irom tbe Istof July last to November 16th, to tne amount of about Vil OOO.OuO. Hlnoe tbe resumption of specie paymenu there hst been a marked aud gralityiug Improve ment of the nubile credit. The bond of the gov ernment bearing only lour per cent. lute-rest, have been aold at or above par, sulUiloiit lu amouut to payoff I hat part of tbe nation"! debt which wan redeemable under preaent Mwa. Tbe amoutil of Interest saved annually bv the process of tefitnd inn the febt tinoe March 1. 1877 Mil 297,177. The bonda aold were largely In small stunt and the liuuihe.- ol our cltlsem uow hoidlnir the publio te curitloa l much greater than ever b jf .re. Tbe amount of the uallooal debt which malurei within lew than two yean in 7.f9,UI.7), or which $oou 000,(00 bean Interest atlhe rate ol five per cent. It It believed that lliia part of Ibe pub.lo debt can be refunded bv the lame ol lour tier ceuL bondt : and by the reduction of Intercut which will tltua bet fleeted, about in.OOO.ooo cau be annually tavod to the treasury. To tecuro thit Important reduo tlou of Interest to be paid by the Lulled Utiles, further legislation is required wnlch it la hoped will oe provided by cougr m during tU prea.'ut o ion. The coinage of gold by the mlnti of the Hulled Plate during the Ituit fl'cal year waa ftVSoul2. Tbe coinage of lilver dollars since tUu passage of the act for that purpose up to Nov. 1, 1870, wan Ho.uou.ntxj. or wniun i,'Joo;iii nave ueeu issued limn the treaaury and are uow lu circulation, aud 3i,aou,0xt) arutlill Id the possestluu of the govern men. The pendency o' the proposition for unity of to (ton between the Uuilcu Hitles and Hie principal commercial nttiOHt of Europe to efluiit a perma nent .yulcm for ihotqiialliy of gold and silver an the recognised money ol the world, lead me to reoouimeud that congress relralu fruui new legli lation ou the gene al uJot the great revival of trade. Internal aud furelgn, will suppl miring the coming year In own instructions, which may well be awaited before attempting further expert mental measures with the coinage. I would, however, strongly urge upon congress Ibe Importance of authorising tbe eontary of the treasury to iuaiend ihe coinage of silver dollars Upon the preaent legal ratio. Thu luirkot value of the sl-ver dollar belug uniformly and laigely lev than the market value of the go u dollar, It la ob Vlounly lmprautlcable to malulaln them al pir with each other if both are coined without limit. Jl the cheaper colu la forced Into onoulatloii, 11 will, It coined without limit, toon become the ol alandard ol value, and thu defxat tbe de lied object, which la the currency oi both gold and illver wnlch tliall be of equivalent value, dol lar for dollar, with the universally ruoguixM money of the world. Tbe rvllre unit Iron urcuia lion ol United Hlatee u itea with capacity of legal teudcr lu private cnutract u a ite to tie taken lu our progreti toward a kale and atable currency which ahould be accepted an Ibe policy aud duty of the government and the iutereat aud aeuurity ol the people. It la my ttrtnootivicllou thai the lue of legal tender paper money biuwj wholly upon tbe authority and credit ot the g ivornuiem coept la extreme urgency, li without warranty of the oouatltutloo and a violation onouint rinauulal Jirluclplea. The Inula of United Btatua Uotea dnr ng the lata civil war, with the capacity ol hgl tender betweeu private Individuals waaitiiauihor lied except a a meaim uf reauulug tne country irom luimiueut peril. The circulation if thene nolea aa paper money for any proiraul I (icrlod ot lime afU'r the accninpllahmenloflhii purpiw whi not aouteuiplaied by the frimeri of the law under whkh thev werelued. They atitlciputed tne rv demplloa and withdrawal of thuaa not atttthx earlhft practical)! period oonnxeni wim we at Ulnnient of the oblect lor which they were or vliled. TbeiKilli v of the Uulted Htauia. ateadilv adhered lo from the adoption of Ihe coiitlltuilo.i, ha been to avoid Ihe creation of a national debt, and when, from neceanlly In the lime of war, debtn nave been created tney nave oeeti pita on on me return ol peace at rapidly ai puwlble. Wit t thn view aud lor tbia purpose it n recommended thai Mioexutiiug nui tor aoeumtiiaiiiiii oi a tilling fund ultlcleut to exllngiilth the pu olio deoi with in a limited period be maintained. If any change of the obiecta or rate ol taxation I deemed necea aarv bv uoncruM It la Miui:eleU that cxnoilenuc haxhown that a duty cau be placed ou lea and colter, which will not euuance lue price of tti- so article) lo the ooutuoier ami win au several mil Hoik of dollar annually lu the treanury. Tha 8u(ipralon of Poly-Bamy Tbe oontiuued and rlellherato vlolatl m by a large number of Ihe pnniliu.nl and lnllueut.ai e'l.rem of the terrluiry of I'lah, of the lawn ot the I niuxi state, for the prowcuiiou and putittnineni or polygamy, demauii tne attention or every de panmeni or the government. Thl territory Ima a population ulnoTent to etiUUe it lo admM on ai a late, and the general InteroaUof the na'toti and lerrllory require lu advance rmiu tua territorial form or government to inereirMiiiiuiiinotanii prlv llegeaof a lal. Tali important oh mge will uot, however, be aipMved by thn country while la cltlaenaof Huh, In very ooualdertble iiiunber, tu- noni a practice wnten la couiieiunei aa a crime by thellawaof all clvlllied rommuulllea throughout Uie world. The law lor the upir,iwioii of thl onenue waa euacieii win fieai uoatiimity nv con ni more than 17 year ago. but bat remained until rooeuUj a dead letter In thn territory of I'teb, twcii of me peculiar dllllculliea attending IK euforcemeut, Ibe opinion widely prevailed among tne clltaen oi nan inai inn itw waa in ountraveultua of Ihe roulltnuoiial gu-iraubw of n-iglou trradctn. Tbl ollclion It no removed. The upreme court or Ihe Uulted B-ate Dudicld' vdlhelaw U be wllluu the Irgulattva power uf raneroM. and blndlux ai a rule or ao'-ton ror all who retlde within lh lerr.t irlea t her la no lot ir auy reaxm for dt lay or hw llatlou In in eu loreemenu It ahould be flrmly aud rtt'.cl.vely executed. It not uthotruiiy tlrlogeul In tta Pni VlMon It ahould be ameudud aud lu aid of the purpoae In view, 1 recommend Dial more rompre- nrntiT anu more a-arcniug meiuou lor prevent una well aa punl.hlni . una orim bo provljed If uecaaaary to aeeura t-lirdlcuoe to Ibe law Ibe enjoyment ami eierriaa ol in rigliu aud prlvl lege of cltiaeiMhlu In th lerrllorlea of Ihe United iau may be withheld or drawn f om iboaa who violate or oppoae lb eufoiwuienl of the law on U1IIIU0J0CV The KUclUna. Tbe elrctioui of th nail year. Uiounh oooanlel only wlib aut othivra, hav uot (atlixt to eli. lt on ma political a truaatoua wntrn aitrmiw maul all over lb country, new and dectalv evidence oi Ib deep luterwl which the great body of eltil hi laxeio t'.e prognaaol lbrouutry lowaM a more (eneral and rompleuieaubllauiuent, at wbatevei voal, of nnlveraaj fnwdoin aud aecurll In tba ex erclav of tbe eK'tlv franehia. H'ntl mauy topic of political concern demand groat attention from our Peop e. both lu lb aher of natioual anu aute aumority i una no reaaoo to quail ry me opinion I expiwatid u iuy laM annual uwaan- ibal no trmpurary or aJcniolma Ire luierMU of governmenl. cowever uigeut or welgb.y, will over dnplay ib aaal of our wopi In Ihe delve ul lb primary rlghuof dtueuabip and that to power i puouo opinion win overnu ail political vnju dice and all aecttoual and ata-e aUaca- Mola. la ctmandiug thai all over our wide torn lory - in nam and character of ctuavna of Me I nltad Htaie ilia l mu oo and lb aaoM) Ihluf and carry with them uucbaileiig d earurily and reaped 1 eanwaily appa al lu tbe In lelilgauco and pauiutuna of all gjud !luui uf very part of to country, fa iwaver nucn lhy may b divided in opiutooa ou n'.ber poiilical ait Jac'i lo unite In oompllin ooediaooelo xiatlng law aimed at tb protacuoo of lira right of tut frag- 1 reapactfully urx upon oournaa to auppiy anydekeu la Ueae law which eapeftooca ha ahown and wbka II ha within In power m Ma li;. 1 again Uivok to oparauua of executive and litlalauf auihonilea or etata In thn g:eau par- put, i am ruuy convinced uai tr tne rubue eongreai lo the uhjotof th reformation of the ilvll Mtrvloa of Ibe government and expntwtd Ibe Intention of iraimmlttlng to cnnirreai a e-trly aa practicable a report upon thli (ubject by the chair man of the civil lervtoe oommlwion. In view of tne fact that dur na a ooualderable period the gov ernment of Ureal Britain ha been dealing with tdminiatrativa problem and abu ea lu varloui particular! analogou to thoae preaenbd In trifa i uuirj, aim mat lu receui yeara uie niHiuoua adopted were undentood lo have been effective ua in every reaped nighty fatmariory, I thought It desirable to have fuller informa tion upon ibe aubjct, and accordingly requested toe cnatrman or tne civil tervine ominiMtnn to make a thorough InveaMgstiou for tul iuirroe. The renull bai been au elaooiate aud coniDrehau- aive report The report atli forth the bhtory of Ibe partlaan ipolla ointom In (treil Britain, an 1 of the rite and tail of the parliamentary patrooaife andnfodlclal Interferanuo with tbe freed m of election. U abowa that after long trial of vari ous ktnda or examination, thnao wuicn are com petitive and open on equal termi to all, aud which are carried on under ihe tuperfntuudeuoe of a alng e commlaMon b ive lib great ad at taga nccn eatabllahed aa coucltlon of admlaaion to a m ml every ofuclal pi nee In '.he (ubordluale admiulitra tlou of that countrr and of ililtlan India. The completion of tha report, owing to the extent of tne ixoor tovoiveu in hi preparation anu me ran ion of congreia lo make any provialon, either for oomnemallou or the exiwn.eaof the commlwlon, ha been poatponed until the preaent time. Ill herewith trauamllied to congrett. While reform meafliirea of auuther adverumetil are of no au thority for ua, they are entitled to Influence to tbe extent to which their lulrluilo wltdom and their adaption to our luatitutlon and aoclal lire may commend them to our couildcration. Competitive Bxamlnatlou. xaiod can baaaiat ration Iblaparaoiyani at of popular rlf ba, tartou 0)M loo will thwart or deiay tha euattM pacifioauoa of lot) country or retard the geoaral oiauaioa of protpav tf . UtWmlac Ik Ctvtl aVarvfo. )b a Jbrmr mmmit I UvibkUi tnaelloo 1 he view I bava heretofore exprened concern ing ine Quito. ana l'ie abuien in our civil admin istration reiuaiu uucnauged. except in to far at an enlarged experience ha opened my teiiae of tiie duty oo th of uOicera and of the people theinfelrei.to co-operate for their lemoval ihe grave evllt and peril" of a partiaan (poll ayilcm uf appo ntmeiit to ouiue ana omue tenure are now generally recog uized In reaolutiona of tbe great par tie, lu tha re port of departmenui, lu the donate aud procoid- iui:t oi ouugreaa, auu in tue meiaagei ot exueu IWct. Ibe gravity of these evllt hat oeon pointed out, ana tne ueeu ot tnetr rerorm ha beeu admit tea, to command tbe neccmary aupport, every feature of reform mutt be baaed ou common rUlit and luatlce. aud mutt te compatible with Ihe healthy ex late nee of the great panlea whljh are lueviiauie ana ettenuai in a iree ttate. When tbe people have approved a policy at a natioual elec tion, confidence ou Ibo Dirt of tha oltlcjri Uwr umpa, auu oi tne auviacr wno, in accord' ance with our oulltlcal Inatiiuilona. .to.uLi h.in ulled in Ihe pulley wnlch It tlieir duty lo curry iiiMfv,,. luniNpciisauiu ii la eminently prop er thai tney ahould exnlaln It befor itm nmi a well at illuurale Itt aplrlt lu the performauci) of wieir uuuiai uuuei. itoeeanaruiy be pointed out uf vmj uiuuicui, vuuaiuerauuua apply to ine greater numuer of tboie who till the tubordiuate plavo In the civil turvlce 1'nelr renpuiikibluir it io tuutr aiipcrlora lit otllcial ooaitiou. It i. m.-ir ouiy toouy uie legal luttruelioiia ul thoae upon whom that authority la dero.ved, and their beat puulio torvlce uuutiaui In the dltchaigu of their liiiiuttoui Irroapectlve of partiaan polttUa. Tbelr uutie ate tne tame wliuuvor party It in power iwiiuy prevail. Aa c,)Ueqience, It lollowa that their touure or oihee ahould not de peud upon the prevalence of auy policy or the tupiewicy of any party, but should he determined y tueir opacity to nerve Ine people most uaetully, quite irreapeotlve of oartiiau I wi, . tm uuuaiuurauuiia tuaituouia govern too tenure of olhce. mould alto prevail In tho appolntineut, dla cipliue aud removal of tbeae tuoordliutea, Th autnority of appointment and removal it uol a perqulatm wbiuu may be uaedtoaid a friend or owum a iianuau, out la a triiat lo oe cxen ld lu tue public lntcieat under all thi tanctioiii which attend the ouilgaiion, to apply thn public fundi purputea. avery citmu haa au tqual ngu( to the nonor aud prulll of emerlug thepuniiu nervine of hi country; the only Junt grouud of dtacrlmuoai.lua It the meaiure of char au.er aud capacity, lie ba to mate that torvlce tue moat useful li tne people, except In catca where, Upon juat aud recognljjd princlplet, w upou the theory of peualon olUuea and promotion are beaioweli u reward! ol pant ervleea. Tuelr oeatowat upu auy theory which dUregardt per ouat merit, la au aul of iiijiutlce to the citizen, at well aa a breach of that trust, tuujeit lo wuich thn I'Polutiiig power It held. In lue light or uu-ihi pnuclplet, It become of great Import ance lo provldu Jtiat and adequate tucaiit, especially lor every department and large aouiiulairatlve olllco when) poraonal dlatirlmiua lion ou the part of lit head 1 not practicable for areartitluiug thaw quallllcutlom to which tiipoiut menu aud removait thoutd have reference, lo fall to provide aucu meaut It not only to deuy thu opportunity of aoenaiuiiig tin) fact uuon which the moti rlglileoiui claim lu oilloe dupeudt. but of liecetilty to diacourae all worthy aapirauta by bauiling over appointment aud removal! lo mere lullueuue and lavoritv If It It the right ul the woithiuat claimant lo gain apjlntmeut aud thelliteroaloftue people to beatoiv lion blm, It would eem clear tual a wlae and Jut method ul aacerlaluiug Ui4 peraonal ll.nem for cfuoe muni bueil be an luipurtaut aud permanent function of every Juat aud wine goverumeut. It boa lougalnce become lmpoaalble, lu tbe great olllcea, for those having lue duty of nomiualiou and appolutmout, to peraoiiaiiy examine iuio tne luutviilual quail tloatlou of more ibau a auiall nronurttuii of ino-e ueklng office, aud with the enlargement of tho civil tervlce that proportion itiual continue to b. come leat. In Ihe earlier yeara of tho goverumeut me auburdluale olbcet were to few In uumber that It waa eaay lor thuae making appointment aud promotion lo personally aacertaiu the want of the o-tudldatea. farty manager! and methoda bad uot t.ieu become powerltll agutiuiea uf coercion, bottiie ui tue free and Juat exoruUe of the apiioiut lug power, A large and roaionibl part of the duty ol restoring the civil tervlce to tue dutired purity ana eutuleuoy reait upon Ihe prcaideui. and It hut been my ptirpuMi to do what it within my power to advance aue.li prudett and gradual uioaaurci ol reform at wi.l inoatiurely ami rapidly bring about Ibalraoh ai change ol yleia eeui.al to make our adinluitirauva methoda aa ifcury lu a lair aud Intelligent people. Uy a ptoperexer cite of authority It w in lue ower of tnu execudve lo do muun to prouioteaucb arvlorin. but llcaunut be oo clearly uudertiood thai tioihlog adequate can be accompli.hed wliiiotii co oikratiou on part of cougivM, ana oouatucraui auu intelligent auitporl kiuoug the iieople itelorma which t halleugu tne generally accepted Iheorlea of parlle aud demand t hangea lu llio methoda ol deparlineuitareuo! the work ol a day, ineir ieruiaueut rouudatloni inuaibe laid u aouud prinuipletaiid In au exoerl euoe wlilcliiiemo.iauaietinuir wiMiotnaudexpoam the error of their adveraariu Kvurv wor bv olll oar deal ret to wake Ilia otllcial acliouaaaiu aiulm honor lo hi louulry, but the people deuiaml far more of tuelr umoera in public station four arc lulereated lu a pure, economical and vlgoroua admiiilauajou. liy iawa enacted lu IW aud ln.!i aud uow, lu aubnuuce luoortioraled in Ihe rnvlaed tuiuuia, the practice uf arbitrary appointment to in avveral auooriiluate grattet iu Uie great depart menu wat eoudemncd.aud examlualiouattto the caacity lo tu oouduuled oy Uopartmeutal boardt oi vxamiucra, were proviuen loraua mule a ecu diuooof admlalou to the puollo aervlce. That taiiiiot are a decla ou bvonugrew that examlua llou of aome aort ai to aualiiiu Hila aud capacity are eaaeuliai to Ibe well belug uf the public aervlce. lb Important queaiiuua aiuoe ibe euactmeul of Iheae law have ueeu at lo in charauter of lue ex amluaiiuut. and whether omotal favor aud nam mu iniiueuoe. or commou right aud merit were lo control exainiuaioua iu practice thoseexamiua tloua have already been opeu lo worthy punont geutrauy wno migni wian to oe exammea. unt rial and parUaan favoritKm aa a rule aocnarj to nave ueaiguaieu tuoae who aiona were permitted 1 1 go before the examlulug boarda.tubjenilng eveu Ihe examiuer to a pretaura from lu irieuda ol In tratulidaict, a very great difficulty lo reli. At a eouM-queiio the atandaM of admtwlon fell below that which th publio luiareaidemauded. It waa ami oat ttievttabie that a tyaiem wbicn provided lor var iuua aeiMra -e boa.daof examiuera with uo oomiuou tuperrialou or uuilorin method ol oro- OMure tnoui i reaitit in couiuiiuu, lucouatat ncy aud tuadequaut leau or capacity utgUly deinmeu- Ml to the pu -lie lulervt fur her aud more raj leal ibaiigf waa abaoluwly required lu tu anuual ueaaaaor Uoejinlwr. 1870 mv prvdi coat ir declared tual there It nu duty which to niucn embarawa tbe execullv aud ueadtof de uaruueuta aa that ul appjiuuneu' : nor 1 there any aucu arduuua and ihaukleaa labor lmpiaw ou v-uatora aud icprvawniaiive at tual oi Uudiug ilacea lor ouuaiiioeuu. Tne preavnt ayatem due not ao, ura lb beat meuaud o tan noioeu lit men lor public placer. lu alevailuu and pundoauou of Uia civil aervlce uf th government will b bailed with approval by tb wh.ii pwoplofthe Uulted 8Uta, Cougreaa. aocordltiflv uaaaed ihe act aioruvl March t. 177. to miuiata tua civil tervlo of in Uulted rilatee aud prumote th em eency thereof, gtvlug in nveeaaary authority w tneaxacutir lo luatituta a cull avrvio returui. Acting under thla aUtuia wuich u tuutrpreted at luMuUed waeoure a ayatria of Juat aud etfeoiual exauiinauoua under auparvuiuj. a numoer ol emiueuliy oumpewul Duaoui wore aeleuled for lue purpura, merenwred with a-ai upon th atacnarg or uetr dutle, prepared with an Intelll gent appreciation of lb rv ojnauema ol in wr vioeaad tb regmaUoua eoo templaied: aud louk onarga of tb axamluauoua, la Ibalr oapaity a awaniwtritiff ween auowa aa laa 'uivu eer Vio ooamiaHio " tiongreaav lor two yan, appro pnatod UM money nw. od for lh cnpuaaiioo, and har lb expeuao ol carryiug on tbe work of lb eomautaioa. It appaar froa th report of the eummiailua aubmitted to tb prl.ol la ap li. l;a. thai examioailona a ad Ima held la vartoo (auitoaa of lb eouotrv. auo mat an aopropfiauua of aaout fJn,0u0 womd nt requirea o aaaaa ia annual tipmu-m, lodud tog taiartaa lnutval ia iaoOargu.g Uia duttea uf UM0uaatia4ua. 10 raaurt waa Uauanillbal a coagiMw y iftitl aaaa of April ta, la'4, wlia um atuowiog lavuranta cutaoaeoi apuai la labor at ibe evaiiauatua : ' If auataind by owgrw 1 have Bodouot in rule oaa. after UM exaartaix-a gaiawd, a aa io.prurwd aa4 aaairoad a k tud wore avawfiauy taau ta tHit.ic aerr'i aal r Have the executive, merabera of oougrea and the beadiofdepanmeuu from inBuenoe prejudicial lo good administration. I Tbemleaatlheyhavebith trio been enforced have ret illed benettcit' ly, at It hown bv Ibe opinion of tbe member ol tbe cabi net and their tubordlantte in tbe department, and In that opinion. I oonciir." In th annual meauge of December of tbeaanie ycaraimllar viewa are ex preaaed. and an appropriatl in for continuing the work of the commlttlon again advlted The appropriation waa not made, and at a oonte quenoetbe active work of thecommlaainn wai am- Kuded, leaving the oommlaalon liaelfatlll Inez once without the meaut therefor ol catulng quallllcalloni lobe lotted in a tyatetnttlc manner or of aecurlog for the publlcaervlc tne advantage! of comnetillou upon any exututlveplan. I recom mended lu my anuual uiuaMg of liecemhcr. I877, tbe making of an appropriation forth r-aumntiou of the work of the coinmlMlon In the meantime however, ompeti live examination under man v embarratimeuu have beia couductod wuhiu limiu-d ipberea In the executive departm-sriM la Wuhington, and In a numuer or the cuatom hoo-ei ami pott Ofllcei of the prluolpal cltiet of the country with a view ol further letting tnelref fecta. and they have been found to be aa aalutarr aa they are titled to have been under the admlnlt tratlon of my oredeoesaor. 1 think the economy, purity and elllcleury of the publio aervlce wouid be greatly promoled by their tyilomatlo lnlroduo Hon wherever practicable throughout the etitira civil aervica of the government, together with ample provlalun for their general tnperriaion In order to teeure contitteucy aud uuimrm Justice-. nepona irom inn aecretary ot uie interior irom ine poti master general from Ihe poatmaater In tbe city of New York, where iut:h examination have been tome time ou trial : and alio from the codec tor of tbe port, the naval o lb cor aud the aurveyor In that city, aud the p atunattera aud collector In teveral of lue other large cttlea, thow that the competitive ayatem where applied hat lo varlout wayt contributed to Improve the public tervlce. The report thowa that the result bave beeu talu tary lu a marked dtgree, and that tbe general ap plication of tlmllar rule cannot fail io be of de cided benefit io the aervlce. Tbe renurla of tbo government offloori in the city of New York es pecially bear decided testimony to thjellli-eicy of open competitive examination In tneir retpectlve nnlcm. th-jwlng tbat lliew examlnatlona aud tho exc.-ilent quillflcatlom of thoae admitted to tbe arrl'M through them bave had a marxed Incldsn til effect upou tbe peraonj previously in the aer vlce, aud particularly upou those aspiring lo pro motion. There bat been ou tho part of tbeae lat ter an Increased Interest in tbe work and a desire to extend acquaintance witn It beyond a particu lar deak, aud thu tbe moral of tbe in tiro force baa been raited. The examination hi -a been at tended by mauy ollixjut. who bave had an oppor tunity to thoroughly Hives' Igae the tcope aud cbanvcter of the leal, and the method of determin ing tbe resulu. aud thete vliilora have, without exception, approved the method employed, and teveral of them have publicly extended tnelr fa vorable opinion. Upou tucb consideration I doom It my duty to renew the recommendatloru contained In my aunual measage of December, mu, requeuing cougroat to make the necea- aary appropriation for tto resumption of tnu work or the civil service commlt tlon, Economy will be promoted by auihorlilug a moderate comoenaallou to iw- aout lu the publio aervlce, who may perform extra labor upon or uuder the commlaslon. aa tue execu tive may direct, I am convinced mat if a Jutland definite leal of merit Is eu forced fur admission t) the public tervlce aud In making promotion, mch abusoa a reinovlug without good cause, and par tisan aud ofuclal interference with the nrouer ex. eictae of tbe appoluilug power, will lu a Urge measure, uiaappear. lucre are omer administra tive abuse to wnlch tne attention of eonirriMii ahould be asked In tlila connection. Mcio parUsiu apnoiutmtni aud the couslant Peril of removal without cause, very uatuiallv lead to au ahaorfiinir auu uiiruuievoua po.iucai acuvity ou ine pari of thoae thus appointed, which not ouly Interfere with ine due discharge of official uiitv. nut it .a luoompatlbli) with Ibe freedom of eleetiona aud without warrant. Iu the view of teveral of my prcdeceasara in . the prasld.uilal or&ce and directly in accordance aitn Ihe law of 1871, already cited, I endeavored by the regulul'iu made on thu 221 of Juue. 17S to unt tome reiwonanle limit to tuoh abuses. It may uot he easy, and may never, uerhaos. oe necuaaiu-v to dt II ne with precision the proper limit of political action on part of federal ottltiera, nut while tneir rlgbt to boid aod freely exuresa tbelr uuinloim can not be questioned. It la very plain that they ahould neither oe allowed lo devote to other tiinlectt iho lime needed fur the proper discbarge of tnelr of dcial dutlu. nor lo use tbe authority of their orHou to enforce tneir owu opinion, or Pi ooerce Ibe po litical action of those who hold diffeteut opinions K.-Hsonsof Justice and publio policy uulleauala- gout tu wti cli, forbid Ihe use of ritnclai power fur the oppression of the private cilu.-u to Impute upon the government ihe duty of protecting In ol ll nor and agents from arbitrary exactions iu what ever aspect coutldered The practice of intklug levloa lor party purpoae upon tne aaWrles of ol llcera. It highly deinorallxlug lo tue public urvlre aud dUcrodllable to the country. Thou n to oiU mr thotild be aa free a auy other oltlieu to give hi own money In aid of hit oplulona or bit party, he should alto be ta fieo us auy other citlzeu lo refute lo make tucb glftt, If aalariet are but a fair com pensation for the time and labor ol the oilWrt, it It gross, lujusllce to levy a lax upou Ihein If they are made excessive in order thai Ibey may beir the lax, the excess It an indirect robbery of the public fund. I recommend, therefore, such a re vision aud extenaiou of the preaent siaiute at aLall aucure to those In ererv sraje otllcial life or pub lic employment, the Broteoliou with which a great aud enlightened uatlo i ahoul t guard tliosi) who are faithful lu lu service. Th Treaty of WaaliluKten. tion and expatriation, but tbe Imperial: govern ment bat oopatantly man I 'ei ted a dealr to 'strictly maintain and comply with all treaty ttlpulatiout In regard to them. In oonteqnence ot tha omlmion of eongrea to proviaeiora aipiomitio representative at a tbena the legation to (ire on bai been withdrawn. Tbeta it now nu channel of diplomatic communication between the two countrle. and the expediency of proviuing ior one in aome lorin it tuomitiea lo congret". Iteiailoni with Autlrla. Russia, Italy. Portugal. Turkey and Belgium continue amicable, and mere u markedly uo incident of especial importance. A change of the peraonal head of the govern ment of Egypt hat taken place No change, how. ever, nit occurrea in inn relations rwtween nypt and Ihe United btau t. Tbe action of the yn'lan rendered useless for military purpoae by the ad vanoe of civilisation and elllenieot. He nnlte with the quartermaster general In recommending that an appropriation be made lor the c mtirnctinu of a cbeap and perfectly fire proof building fur ibe Mte storage of a vast amount or money, account, vouchers, claims aud other vai utble record uow In Iho quartermaster gen erals office and exrnted to great risk ol total destruction by fire, tie also recommends, in couinrmlty with the view of tbe Juiee advo cate geueral, aome declaratory legislation In refer euce lo the mil I tary statu to of lim I ta- l..n at applied 1 1 me crime of desertion. Iu Ibese several tecoin mendatloua I ooucur. The ecretrv of war further ropor".; 'hat thn work for Ihe Improvement of the south pas of tbe Mississippi river, under cot II. Kadi, made in pursuance bat ueeu prosecuted durlu greater measure of success ply to all other dutiable articles iwu. , mailt from foreign rouuiriea, reC1,e1 W tb Ta Indian Ward a. Th renortt of in. . . tbe comml-louer of Indian affalit umn0r'u, the preaent mate of cur relation wliF in0 ,ur" ulbesoniiurwrrlt..ry, u,e meJurla i.w ,nail vanee their cvil-ratiun and ? M- proretlresdyacb0eed by xtem!1 "e oi luure mau uiuiuary Inter. L Th . 'uua duct of our Indian population bat 00B factory that Hit oceurreuce of two dn,? " which resulted iu blora.hed and dtr ?, HMU,ue properly It all the mure lo be lamented UaSttU lory tu the outbreak uu the Muj rfitr mbel" ervatlon baa beoitna au familiar h. .f.Vl ressih.t It. 'm;,; government In presenting lo the city of New York one oi tne ancieui ooeiux wnicn posses sucn ni- i greater measure oi ucceat in me anainineut or re I hlulnia n,,t,.i s.Vr.7 ,i , , prevent lurthi. torlcaJluterett,liblghlyappreclaiedatageucroui tulu ihan duriug any previ.-ua year Thecbannel Ser settlements In Wteiniv2 5 u1 ,h bor waia ui luseruauonai regsru. il proapeniy suouia I uiruugn tne souiu pass, wnicn ai uie oeginningor I disturbaniB nrynrnvl i,. ,i,. i, 'ne other attend tue enterprise of lit transportation across I June, 17, bad a depth or only seven and one-half Ktw Mexico h Vii,i. " ageuey iu tne Auantio, lit election in a noutplclnui poti- feet or water.hadou tne 8th of July. 17U, a mini hand ot m.,.i l mY.T.7 . , UB1U ' a tmni lion lu tbe chief commeiclal city of tbe nation nmm depth ot twenty-U feet, having a width of in 7irnu Su,l,!lI, fn will be toon aooomplithed. uot lea than 200 feet aud a central depth of thirty I J VS.1 !Ji50:"1? y"" mlluS. Our relation! with foreign countries have con tinued peaceful, With Ureal Britain there are till! unsettled questions growing out of tue looul laws of the maritime province and the action ol pro vincial authorities, deemed to be in derogation of rights secured by American fisherman. Tne (Jutted Slates mlul'tur in Loudon hat beeu Instructed to present a demaud for (10o,l6 0J In view of the damage received by American cltlxeni at Fortune pay lit January, 1878. The tut'jecl ba been taken iuto couaiderallou by thu British government, and ait early reply is anticipated upon Ihe completion of the necessary examinations, ihe subject oi our participation iu Ibe provincial fisheries, at regu lated by treaty, will ai once be brought to the at teutlou of tue llritlah government with a view to auerlyaud pcrinaueiit settlement of Uie wbole question, which was only temporarily adjusted htlirii have been made to ubtatu the removal 01 re.t'liHions found Injurious Pi Hid exportation of cattle to Uie Uulted Kingdom. Home correspond euoe has alto occurred with regard to the rescue and saving of life sud property upon the lake, which baa resulted lu important modiiUtatioui of the prtviout regulation of the domluiou govern ment ou the u joct lu the lutereit of humanity aud commerce, Imernaitoiaal Rxblbliloaa. lu accordance with the Joint resolution of tbo last icsaiou ot cougreai commltslouert wcreap pointed to represent ibe United rJutet at the two international cxnioiuou in Australia, one ot wnlch i now In progress al fyduey and the oilier to oe nem uext year at notoourue. A desire h-ss oeeu expressed by our mercuautt and uiauutau turert. Interested In the important aud arowins trade with Australia, that au iucreared provision should be made by congress for tbe representation of our Industries at the Melbourne eihlblUon of next year, aud tbe subject ia rcsuecuullv submit. ted lo your favorable consideration. Tho New French Gable, Tbe anient of the goverumeut hu been given to the lauding on the coast of Matsacbuietuof a new aul independent traiisallautlo cable between r'raiice, by way uf the Kreuch Island of 8l Pierra aud thitcouuiry, subject to auy future legislation ot oougreas. Ou this subject tbe condtUoui Im Pxeu twtore allowing this couuecuou with our allure P be ealabli-died. are tut. has loatcurs lu OompeUtlon with auy exiaUug or future Hue ot mariue caoie aud preclude amalgamation mere with j lo provide lor the euilie equality of right lo our goverumuui and people witb those of frauoe lu the use of the caole aud prevent anv ex elusive possession o' Ihe pilvllegea ai accorded by Krauoe to Ihe disadvantage of anv future t-ahia oomuiuuicailou betweeu Franc and Ihe Untied status, wbicn may be projected aud acoompiltned by our oiUxeus, aud au Imp rtaui reducliou. Tbe preaeul rate uf communication with Kurop Is felt to oe too burdensome to ih Inlere-u of our oo.o- mere that must nooeananly flow from the estab liahmeut of ibis oompeuug llue. Tbe attention of oougrvs was drawn to tb propriety of aome tru. era! regulation by oougres of ine whole subject of iraut-uiariue caoiet oy my predecessor in his miss tate of December 7. Ulh, and I respectfully tubmil so tuiu cuuaiuerauon tun imporwuoa OI conxrtss slouat acUon lu Ibis matter. The treat? recentJv made bhtnnen Janan and thn uuiieu mates in regard to tbe revistou or Ibe lor iner treaties, it It now believed will be followed by similar acUon on the part of other treaty powers. Tbe alieutiou or oon great It again Invited to the tublect of the In demnity fund received some years since from japan ana uutns, wnicn, with tbetr accumulated luuirest, now amount to considerable sums. If any pan or these fundi It Justly due lo American cllixent they should receive It promptly; and wuatever may nave Deen received oy Ibe govern ment lu e cess of strictly just demands should in some lorm oo returned to whom It eq.llubl belongs. The government of China ha alarnlflcd Its wll. llujness tocoualder the question ol toe emigration ui ussuiijecia to uie uniied e laics witna atspas ttonate latrness, and to co-operate lu such meas ure aa may tend to prevent injurious coiise- oueuces to Ihe Uniied mate. The negotiations are tun proceeding and wilt be pressed with dill, gence. A questlou having arisen between Japan aud China about tbe Loo Cboo Islands, the U. ft. government has taken measures to Inform these powers of its readiness to exteud lu good duces lor Ibe maintenance of peace, If Ihey shall mutu ally ueein it iiesiraoie auu una it practicable to van lueinseivee ui ine prun,r. Stopping the Border Kalda. It is a gratification to be able to announce that tnrougu tueJUdlc lous and enereetlo act nu of tha military commanders of the two nations on each side of thettlo Grande, under tbe instructions of tneir respective governments, raids and depreda tions bave greatly decreased, and In tbe localities wncre inrmeriy destructive have now almost ceased, lo view of thla result, 1 entertain a cou- noeni expectation oi tbe continuance of tbe prev alence of a ute t On the modification of the two countries, the imra installment oi tne a vara sgaluti Mexico, utidertheclalint commlssiou of July 4, 1868, was uuijr paiu auu uas ueeu put iu course or distribu tion in purMifiiico of the act of congress providing mi uishiuo, suis sasisiaciory aituatiuu oetween tbe two oountrlet leads me to anticipate an expan sion of our trade witn Mexico and an increased contribution of capital and Industry by our peo ple to the development of iLe great resources of uai uountry. i earnestly commend to the wisdom of cougresi the provision of suitable legislation tuusiug iu uiis lesuib Month American Halation. Diplomatic liitcrtourse with Colombia Is again fully restored by the arrival of a minister from thai country to United Htalea. Th a Is eanenlaliv lortuuaie, In view Of the fact that the question .t u uibvr-uvvauiu cauai noa recently assumed a nu ami nupurtaai aspect ano is now under dlt cussiou with Ihe ileuiral Amerloau countries through whose territory the cauai by the Nlcar- Buniuum nuuiuuave to pas, ii is trusted mat enlightened sutesmaurblp ou their part will see tbai the early prosecution of such a work will largely Inure io the beuellt. not only oi tbelr owu ciliZiiis and those of tho United autus. hot of ihn commerce of the civilized wond. It la not doubl ed thai ahould the work bo undertaken under tbe protective ausptcoa of the United HUtosaua upou satisfactory concesslont for the right ol way and iu security bv the Central American governments, tbe capital lor lis completion would readily' be fnrnlsbcd from this country and aurope, which might, falling such guarantees, prove inaccessible, iilploiuaiic relations with China have also been ttieugthened by the recvpltou of a miuisler from tiiat country. The war between Peru. Bolivia and Chill, still continues. The Uulted mates have not deemed it proper to Interpose iu the matter, further than lo convey to an uie governments concerned, Ibe as surance that the friendly offices of the government of Ihe United Htalet for Uie restoration of peace upon au uuiiuruuie oasis win oe extended, iu case the belligerents thall exhibit a readiness to accept siiriu. Cordial relations continue with Brazil and tha Argentine Republic aud trade witb those cotiu tiles is improving. A provision for riinUr mil more frequent mail communication lu our ovit ships, betweeu the ports of thit countrv aud Ihe naiioua of Houlh America, teems to me io deserve the attention of cougrtss as an esscuiiHl precursor oi au euiargemeni oi our commerce with theta sua au extension oi our carrying trade The recent revolution in Vim. m..la has tw,n ml. listed by tbe establishment of a provisional gov ernmenl. Thla government has not yet been for inally recognized, and It Is deemed desirable lo await tbe propose! action of the iieopie which is eapecieu tu give ii uie sanction oi coLsiltutloual lorms. A navul vessel hat been fnttt In lha Karma,, Tb. lauds to make a survey and hike possession of tbe privileges ceuea to tne united Mates by Samoa in the haroor of fago Pago. A coaling station is lo bo established tbere which will be couveulcnt and useful to In I ted Statu vessels. Tbe subject of opeulug diplomatic relations with Roumauia and bervla, uow become independent sovereign lievls at present uiidor.coiisideraiiou aud the subject of diplomatic correspondence. Tht re la a ffratifviusr iuereasM tf traita with nm. ly all European aud Ameriuau countries, and il is believed that witb Judicious action In regard io its development II can and will be still moie euhano ed. aud thai Americau product aud mauulaeturet will Hud new aud expaudlug markets. The re ports of diplomatic aud coustiiar oillces upon this aubject uuder tbo system now adopted have re sulted In obtaining much valuable iuforuaiioti. which has been aud will conUuue to be Ui,l beiote Oougteat and the publio from Ume to Ume. The Condition ef Alatka. ' The third article of tho treaty with Rttsila of Marco 80. loo,, by which Alaskis was ceded lo the UuiUd btatea, provide Uiat tbe luhabilauttof ce ded territory, with the exception of tue uncivil. iSi-d native Irlhet, snail be admitted to the ei,j y ment of all rights of clilxus of the United nuts, and shaii be malntslued and protected iu ti.e i'., h enjoyment ol Ibeir liberty oi property an t t lotion, ihe uncivilUed tribes are subject to such Kwt and reguUliutit as tbe Uulted etnes mst from llmu to time adopt in regard to the ao rig -Hal Iriixa of thai, couui y 11 ih the obligai ont of this treaty and the uecessluVa uf Uie peopte requite that some otganized form of goverumeut over the territory of Alaska be adooled. 'i'nera aoovars t , be no Uw fur Ihe arr.sl of persons charged with con.uiou law otl'enses etien aa assault, sihs-rs aud murder, and no magistrate authorized to issue or execute process in such cases, serious diOicui ties have already ariseu irom uffousea ol this char acter, Dot only among tbe original inhabitants nu among aniens or tbe Uulted btaies and other oouutrivawho have engaged In mining, fiihtug aud omor biialuusi operation wllhlu the Uirrlmrv A bill authorising Ibe appolmmeut of J jsUcea of sue peace auu cuustauiet, aim toe arrest ana u ti le lltlon oi person charged with criminal offenses. aud providiug lor an appeal to V. 8. courts for the utsirici oi uregott in tunable dues, will, at proper Ume, be submitted locougret. uot lea than 200 feet aud a central depth of thirty feet. Payments have been made In accordance with tbe statute as tbe work nrogies.ed. amount ing in Uie aggregate to f 1,250 (XX), and further pay ments will become due. a provided by tbe st-tute, In the event of success In maintaining tbe channel now secured. Tbe reports of tbe genera of tho armvand of hit coordinate!', present a fall and detailed ac count of the military operations for the renieuion of b'jslllltles among the Indiintnf the Uie and Ata. lie tribes, and praise is Justly awarded to tne officers aud troops eugtged, lor promptu-jaa, skill and courage displayed. The past tear hat been one of almost unbroken peace and quiet on Ihe Mexican frontier, itnd there is reason lo believe thai the efforts of this trorern ment and of Mexico to malulaln order in that region will prove permanently successful. This department wat enabled duriug the ptst year io find temporary, tnoush crowded, acconimodmioos and a safe depository tor a portion of ila re i irdi lu Uie completed east wing of Ihe bu odlng designed for the state, war aud navy departments. The construction of the north wing of the building, a part or the structure Intended for the use of the wardepartment is belug carried forward with ail posilb-e dispatch, aud the work should receive from congress such liberal appropriations as will secure its speedy completion. Tbe report of tbe secretary ol the navy shows com nned Improvement in that branch of the ser vice during in j last fiscal year. Intensive repairs have been made upou vesreis aud two new shins have been completed and made ready for tea. Tne total expenuitu'e of tbe year ended June ao, 1878, Including specific appropriations not estimat ed lor by the uepsauiem were l!3,oV,710 tiU. Ihe expense chargeable to the year, after deducting the amount of these specific aonronrni.lons snm in,3l;)3l7 7: but this is stttject to a leductlon of $JWi,7ii OD, that amount haviog beeu drawn upon warraut but not paid out during the year. I hi amouut of appropriations apolicanle to tne last II fe cal year was t-l M8.616 17; Uiere was, therefore, a balance of ll.4W.ool ,H7 remainiug unexpeuued and to the creditor Ibo department oo Juue 30, 1870. The estimates for tnefl-cal veareiulli.u.liii.o 80, 1881, are tit Btit 147 96, which exceeds the ap propriations lor toe present fiscal year by 161,807 US. sue reason jur uiis increase is explained lu the secretary a report The appropriations available ior toe present n-eal year are (UVi2,2do W, which Will, lu tbe onluion of the aeoratarr. anawur ill thu ordinary demands of Ihe tervlo-. The amouut diawn from the treasury from July 1 to November 1, 1870, was 15 770 404 U of which (1 ,005.410 33 hot been refunded, leaving as the expenditure for that period 4 074.003 79. If the exnendltnrns nf ih remaining two-thirds cf tbe year do uol exceed the proportion for these four mouths, there will remain unexpended at tha end or th m-.r uti 3.i 30 ot the curreut appropriation Tbe report of the secretary shows the gratifying fact that among all thn disbursing officers of the pay corps of the navy there Is not one who Is a defaulter to the ex tent or a single dollar. I unite with him in recommending tue removal of Uie ohservatorv lo a more healthful location. That' lit:mti.n reil.ciH credit upon Ihe ua'iou aud has ub laiuid llio approbation of so.cntillu men lu 1: parts of the world. Its removal from us nroa. cut locality would not only be conducive to Uie health but to lis usefulness. Judicial Rxpensrs. The appropriation bills for mdlrlnl which have heretofore been msde lor the department of Justice in tirrow. m u,,s.hi vldedatthe lost session of congress, and no ap p oprlalion whatever was made for the payment of the fees of marshals and their deputies), either iu sue service ui process or ior mo discharge of other duties, aod since June 80 the officers have continued tho performance of their duties without compeiisatlou from the government, taking upon themselve tbe necessary incidental outlays as well as rendering their own services lu ouiy a few unavoidable instance has Uie proper execution of the process or the Uuited State filled by reason of the absence of the reouttite appropriation. ihi course of official conduct on the part of these offi cers highly creditable to their fidelity, was ad vised by tho attorney general, who Informed them, however, that they would necessarily bave lo rely for i heir compensation upou the prospect of lultire legislation by congress. I therefore especially rec ommend that immediate appropriation be made by congress for thit purpose. The act making the principal appropriation for the department of Justice at previous sessions has uniformly contained the following clause : "Aud for detraying Uie expense which may be incurred in tbe enfoicement of Uie act approved Feb. 28 1870, entliled au act to amend au act approved May 30 1870, entitled an act tu enforce the right of citizens of the United States lo vote iu the several states or Ibe United States, and for other purposes or anv aci imsmiium n,unr.,. supletneutary thereto." No appropriation was uiaue itir mis purpose ror tne current twr nn general election of members of congress occurred. thu nml, Iak .. .. . ... ,i..r . . ' u iuihwi iii ntue practical im portance Bach an election will, howevor. us p ace during tbo ensuing year and tho appropria tion made lor the oav of marshals u.,rt ,,, u. hould be sufficient io embrace tbe compensation for Ibe service) tilev mav be remiimH tn n.on,m . tucb election. 1 r " 0'i'e,.m!d9'". way "cross the Mexican b Iff; uu ia uuiv uu ioreign ton. W bile tha . In whica a comparaUvely imall ntxinLw?? aui were engaged are mo-t deploM,,ie r ' Jonty uf our ludiau population have fui y 1 1?5 the expectaUous of those who believed vJ . humane anu peaceful iuttuonces the lud-.l't,r be led to abandon the baoiis of savL4 m'"'" develop a capacity for civilized Vwul?.; 10 What they have already accomplished iinll"u suit of agricultural aid mechanical T remarkabie auocesa wnicu bas attended the eirif,9 m--ut of employing as freighters a das, of llaZl huherto counted among ine wildest auo iosnS tractable, aud ihe general and urgent des prcsted by them for Ibe educadou of their rlrell. mav ho loilrn si i, III. V" "-0'l- wUl-be 'found oaiabieof m&lTh 'inTS more If they continue to be wise.y and S guided by me Indian policy sketched lu . he nil port of tue secretary uf tue Interior, the ubject Which Is to make liberal provision fur the edu Uon of ludlsu youth; to seiih, the mdIaUruu?a farm loU In severalty ; to give them title in tnelr farm. Inalienable for a certain numbed 5 years; aud when their wants are provided for ?o dispose by sale of the laudt ou their reserratio'i, noi occupied aud nted by them; a fund to be formed out of the proceeds for the beuetiloftn. Iudlaus which will gradually relieve e government of the expeuset now p70vluc.? tor by annua appropriation, must oommeud Itself asjutl aud bauetlcl.1 to the Indian? aw . also ca culaied to remove those obstrucUont wn el the exlsleuoe uf large reservation! preven t il lh aulL ummit anil H.l,m., , Kseveu I, 10 . .v..Tm0ui , lQe country. 1 therefore earnestly recotnmeud tbe enactment of a law enabling the government to give Indiana a title in fee Inalienable lor tweuty-fl?e years to tnll farm htuds assigned lo them by allotment, and also repeat the ruoommendallou made In mv Mn.i annual meSsage.Uiat a law be passed admiltiug In. diaua, wDocau give aalisfaotory proof or havini by iheir own iubur, supported ineir families for a numberof years, and who are willing w detach themselves from their tribal relaUons. io the beua. at of the homestead act, and to graut them iZihm coutaining the same provUlon of Inaileuabiliiv for a certain period. The experiment of sending a number of Iudian children oi both sexes i in the Hampton Noruial Agricultural lntu. )T, Sk" ."..eiemen. ""bi'ou wiuuoiiuu auu practical hi. airucuuuiu larmiug ana other useful iucustrim. bas led to results to promttiug that It was thougni txpcdieut to iurn over the military barrocka t Carlisle, in feiinsylvaule, to the interior depou. ment, fur the esutolishmeut of an Indian scbuol ou a larger scale. This school has now lis pupils selected from various tribe and It in full opera lion. Arrangemeuts are also made for the educa Uou of a number of iudian boys aud girls beloug lng to tribes ou the 1'aciflj slope iu a sunilir miL. ner at Forest Urove iu Oregon. Tnese iut'.ltuuout will commend themselves to the liberality of con gress and to the philanthropic munificence of ihe Americau people. , iwiispiiug miormaUou was received of tho or gan.zatiou uf an extensive development In the western tutcs, the object of wnlch watiheoccu nation by unauthorized person! of certain laudi lu the Iudian territory ceded oy the Cuerokees to the goverment for the purpose, of settlement by the Iudian irities. Ou ine 20th of April t Issued a proclamation, warning all persons against participation in such an attempt, aud bv ine co uperailou ot a military force the invasion was piuuiutiy cnecxe l. it it nix purpoe to pro tea the rights of the Iudtans lu that territory to the full extent of the executive now-i- s, 7. The War In Cuba. A ooetUon ol grave Importance with Snain. growiug uuiui tne niciueuia ui ma uuoau tnsur rectiou, nave been for th moat part taappUy aud nuurauij avsueu. it may is reaaouaoiy antlcl- uaiisa mat uie uuramisaioo now aituug lu vtaan- iugtou lur Ihe decisiuu ol prlvata eaasssln thla son neution will touu be able lu bnug lit latsora lo a eouoiuatou. to long atandlug question of kwui tunaa oiaimi Baa lately beeu rouawed ai a sub Jasjt ol oorriaspondeoce, aod may possibly repair eougrasauona aouou for lu dual disposition. Other rorlrn Ralatlona. A treaty with the Netheriandi. with ratoMt to eouauiar rtgau aud p-ivilegwa, similar to tno witn oioer wr, nas ueeu tigneo and rating, aud lb ratlOoaUon were exchanged on tha gist or July last. MagoUatloo for sxuadlUon tretuiot wlia the NavUaailaada and with Denmark are now la progress. bum quesUooj with flwllxtrland la regard to pauper ajd euaviot wnigraui bar ansea, but It is out douoiad that they will b arranged utmn a Jus. aud saUsfaoiory baaia A quaasuoo uas also oc- eurred wiia res pent to an asaarusd claim by bwtai aaiinicipai anoionuea it s-toss lutatagwovar tba Pvnoat and property of Bli el Uaans nalurallawl lu tnu country li la ooaallsla mat thla saav n uin adjuatmenl oy treaty. w iu usa uvraaa eotptre rreqnearaoa snoot art ia eoBtiecuuii with utm utJav.t of aaturailaa- Tha Pa bite Flnanr. The atlenUon of congress Is ca.led to the annual report ui tne secreiarv oi me treasury on ibe oon (tiuoo of the publio finances. I be urdmarv reva Hues from all source fur tbe fl-cal vear endlna June so. lain, were ti.j.s.'i.iM lis. ibe ordinary expenditure ler the same Period were fjitiitt;. 0.1 bS leavlug a turpi us revuua for the vear uf m ine receipts ior mo present nscal year endlug Juue 30. In), actual sud esUm.le.1. areas follows: Actual reoelpu for the drat quarter isiuiiuauuui iuij s, io,, i?,ata.iio n; estimatea leceiptt P r Ihe remaining tnree-auarlers of tne yeara, t.-ooioojie ay luiai receipts lor Ihe Cur- icuiuscai year, actual ana estimated . Js oi,0ia I he eipendilure ror the tuns Period will ha actual and etUmaled, as io oai; For I te quarter fommeuciug ouiy i, is, a. actual rxpendiuiroa, t01,noo3,35 10, and for th remaining three quarters of the ytar, Uie expenditures are estimated at Ii7i 816 bit la), making Uie total expenditures IJ6I OoO.- no, aua leaving an eati mated surplus revenue for the year endlug Juua 30, lsou. oi MOtOuuu. Tbe lotal receipts during the next fiscal year ending juue . irci. eatimaiea according to exlnlug laws, win pewuu.iBju, ana tneesumaua oidiuary ex pendllures for lha me oerusd will ha tJTsiM? . Sot (v for thai year. Tb lam amouut axiknds.d for arrears of pensions duriug tba last and th prescui usou year, amounting to Ml.it7lg is), ba prevented the application of th rail amuuni required by law lo th sinking fund for th current yew, out inesa arrears aavn.g btsru tnbsianUaliy Daid.lt I believed thai ua intina- inml rn bereafler M maintained wiudui au cbaiure of taiMti'a saiw, Tha Araajr anl Mary. Tha secretary of war report thai the war denart- meot tali mate tor tbe fiscal yasar audi as; Jua I), 1n1. are IK.lsO.tA M tba same baiosr for a la. a sum of money man auy annual estlmaia rendered tocongres irom tbu denmatut during a period Of al least twelve vaara. H coi run witn tha rn oral of tlx army in rwcoaawodiug such Uatta.au oo as will autnontath olsauncuiM th fuU a umber of AXtv men for tba line oi the army, exduatva of lh Sts) men rrqutred lur detacoad duty, and therafor not avaLatsit fc srvK lu tiie field. H also rvoomoMads thai eongiasa ba a-ked as provide by law tor lb diapoainou of a la r anaber of abandoned siuitary postt and marvaUoo which, though very laluaojl io tuoMiva, bar barn Tha United States Courts. Tbe business of the lllhrnma ItAIIPf I. aS nr-no.in I largely In arrears. It cannni be exrweted that moie cause cau be decided than ara iiiai oi iu Itaa'iutial session, or thai by anv assiduity the distinguished magistrates who compose tho isouri, can accompli h more lhan is now done. Iu Iheccurttof mauy of the circuits, also. Uie busl. li ss liss Increased to such an ,-xiuni shai ih Uy oi Justice rfill call Uie attention of congress to an spproprlatt icmdy Ills believed that all is o.,oi! in eacn t irtuii wnicn can fairly be expected I. out its Judicial force The evils arising from de lay ure leas n-iavlly tell by ihe Uulted outcs. ibau by other patUoa as Ibe caue. nrt ulranced by the courts wneu it ii seen thai they I ui -ive the dis cussion of qoesiioiia of a puo Ic characU'r. Tbe reinody sugeeteil by lue all .ru.-y general li the spp-iiutmeul of adiilio.al cliciill Juiiget and the cresiion of an im.nnbu of erron slid apptais which shall relieve the aupicuie court ol part of lis Ji.rsdlctiou, while a larger force It also suggosteil to- the perfurmauce ui s-iicu.v uuiien. i commend mis suggestion to the consideration ol coutmi..a. It m,i i ,-m n atford a iwmplele remedv and would involve tbe HHo' ituieuioi ten aaumonai Jud;es and anex peuditu i r. at the present rate of salaries of not more ihao 160.000 a year, which would certainly be small u oiuivwu witn tue oujaci to be attained. Postal Affair. Tha report of the postmaster treneral hoar. tAi. mony to ihe general revival or business tbrnegh out me country. Tbe rcc.-lpia of the nnab.m, 7 twriuient tor the year ending June 30, 18; were mioll.Wti 89, being 7iil4tiS0i more than the rev ynuMi of the pre teulpg . .r. Tbe amount r.sj ied from the sale of tMs-Ugest-imps. stamped envelope and postal cards was 7ol 40n HI mon- Him In pi-i-raiug yraraun .., v gt tu le mail In 1877. The expenditure ol ihe uepar'.iu i,t were KiUias'J-) ti, uf which ibe sum fli7ii,lil ei was aiu ou iiaouiiies incuirvii iu tne ptnilt..g year tbe txptmil ureauurmg Urn year were i),ij 77 less thau tu tbe preceding ye . hi re-iuu.iou is aunuuuni mainiy to me opeMtion ol a law issssed June 17 in'ft chauglng the cunipenau-iu uf pui- inasiert irom a cjuiuitsoou ou tne value ui ib autiupj soiu io a uommissiou t n tla npa ctuce.ed. ine amouut urawn i.O'H me lreaury on apjroprl aUoua, in a'lditiou to th revenues ol iim dn.n. Uleul Wat iVI OJl 44 1)1. belug i J78 197 Sal Ih. tl.an in ihe pressedingear. The fxprndilurei for me fiscal year eudiug Jun M l&tsi. ant sssilmaoarf I a,9Ji.lM), aud tue recelpta frum ail aourcetal Hi.- zou uou, leaving a uenciency to be appropriated for out of Ihe treasury of 7.710,9U0. lb relations or Ihe department with rallmarf ouuiauisaoave oeen oarmunitea, notwithstand ing a general reduction oy ooogrtsa of thir nnm Dentation by the appropriation for special faclll- sitas. in nuiway poaiouic line nave been great ty extended especially lu the southern Mate. Tb tuteretta of Uie railway mail terrlua an,i nf th. public should b greauy promoted, aud ihe ex penditure could ba more readtir oontmiiaai B m riawmowwi pi tow o: piuea oi ina raitway mall crvtua asa naoominatnatai nw inm tsatma,idr..n. araL ' ' ' " To postmaster teneral recomtneadt tb amend. ment of Um law regulating tne Increase ol oom Pauaatlon lor increased service and i.u-m.1 peed on tar roole. to a to enab.a hint tu adver Uaai for DroposaOa fur tucb increaaml acn-uva ami pacd. hm also aurorraa lh advantage toaccru sat suvonmnienas oi tua country rrou tne enact mentof a geueral law, uibunnng enotraotswlib American bunt lasamiam eau-nrlnar tK. laarwa Hag. Irantport tif Uo mail btxneen port of th United auste aad porta of tn watt Indian and Sou ta Asaarica at a fixed ataxlmoa prio per alia, tha amount to b expeodad being regulatel by annual apprupnati- D in ilk Banner with tha amount paid tor ia dotaaMie atar aavloa. Tb axrangeoMOt mad ky tn pottmaater gaoaa-al aad tha asvreury ol to treaaury, ior tbeoaUecUos of duty apoa books reortred la Use mail rota kamsara cuaulnaa, bat proved to aauatactory m in practical opvrauoai, taat ttsry reooaaataad taat eoaa-naas ax teud tn tsravlstoano tssa atsi of Starr a iTLitv). nas. der which inai arranfaateal was saada, so a to ap. wuuld te unwise to ignore me fact that a termors- large and so reMle. with a popnlaUon so sparse and so great a wealtu of unused resources, will te found more exposed to the repetition of such at tempts as happened this year.wben Ihe surrounding iUto ate more densely settled and th-) westward movement o'our populaiioj. loots ami mora eag erly for forest and fresh landi to occupy. Under uvu micuiiinutucus tue aimcuuy or maintaining tne Indian territory In lu preseutstate will greatly increase and the Indian tribe inhabiting It wuuld do well to prepare for sucn a contingency. I therefore fuiiy approve of Uie advice given to Uiem by the secretary of tbe interior on a recent occasion : ' To dlvldo among th mselvea ia severalty as lrge a quantity ol their lauds as they con cultivate, lo acquire individual titles In fee in stead of their pretcul tribal ownership In common, and to cousider In what manner the balance of their lands may be disposed of by the government for iheir benefit." By adopting inch a policy they wouid mora certainly secure for themselves the value or their possessions and at the tame tlma promote tneir progress in civilization and prosper ity than by endeavoring to perpetuate Uie preaent state or thiugs in the territory. The questiou whether a change lo the control of the Iudian service mould be msde was in the 45th congress referred to a Joint committee of both house lor luqulr, and sepori. lu my last anuual message I expressed Uie bone that tne decision of mat question, then tn prospect, would irreat fur ther agitation of mit suoject Such agitation be ing apt to produce a disturbing effect upon Uie service a well as tbe Indians themselves, since then the committee having reported, the quesUon has beeu decided in toe negative by a vote of the house of representative for tue reasons here stated, aud lu view of the fact that further uncertainty on this point will be calculated to ob struct other much needed legislation, to tveasvu the discipline of me service, aud lo unsettle tutu lary measures t.ow In progress for Ihe government aud Improvement of the ludiaus. I respecuiiuy recuuiiuenn tuat me aecision arrived at by con gress ai Its last session be permitted to stand. tiruris made by the department ol the Intcrlo- to arrest the depredations on timber lands of tl.e United states bave beeu continued aud have met with considerable success. A large number of caset of trespass have been prosecuted in tbe courts of tbe Uniied Stale. Others have been settled, the trespasser! offering to make payment to the go' -ernment for Uie value of timber taken by tli-;ui. The proceeds of these prosecutions and tetiieint-u. turned Into Ibe treasury far exceed Id amount lli tun appropriated by ccnroas lor mis purpose. A more important result, however, consists in Uie laut that the destruction of our do duo forests bv depredation, although audi cases trill occur, hit been greatly reduced in extent, aud it It probable that if the present policy it vigorously pursued and sufficient provision lo thai end Is made by Cuugreta, tucn trespasses, at least those on a large scale, can be enUrely luppressed, except in the territories where timber for Uie daily requirement of the population cannot under the present ttate of me law be otbo-wtse obtained. I tnerefore earnesUy invite tbe attention of congress to tbe recommeu daUou of the secretary or me Interior that a law be enacted enabling the government to sell Umber Irom public lauds w.tboiti cunveyiug Uie fee where such lauds ara principally valuable for the timber thereon ; such sale to be so regulated as to con form tooomesUcwsntsaud business requirement, while at tne same time guarding against sweeping reductions ot foresu . ihe enactment of such a law appears to become a more pressing necessity every day. Agricultural Interests. My recommendations In formar massaret are re newed In favor of enlanrinr tbe facllitiea of the department of agriculture. Agriculture la Uie leading iutereat aud the perinane'it industry of oor piople. It ii to Uie abundance of tgiicuilural pro duction at compared witb our horns consumption and the largo y increased and highly profitable market aoroau wbicn we bave enjoyed In recent yeara tbat we are mainly indebted for our present prosperity aa a people We must look for lu con Unued maintenance to Ibe same substantial re sources. There 1 no branch of industry In which labor directed by scientific knowledge yields such Increased production in comparison with unskilled labor, ana no branch or me public aervlce to wbicn Uie encouragement of liberal appropriations can be more appropriately extended. Tb omission to render tuch aid it not a wise economy, bat, on Uie coutraiy, undoubtedly results In losaea of Immense urns annually mat might be aaved through well directed etforu by the government to pre mot toil vits I interest. Th return already accomplished with the lim ited means heretofore placed at the command of tne departmeut of agriculture'is an earnest ol what may be expected with locieased appropriations tor the several purposes Indicated in th report of tb commissioner with a view to placing the de panmeul upon a footing wnlch will enable it to prosecute more effectively toe objeeu for wbicn It 1 established. Appropriations are needed for a more complete laboratory, for the establishment of a veterinary division and a division of forestry, and for an Increase of force. Tbe relnforcemrnte for the and other porpoae indicated In the re pan herewith tnbmiued. of lit Immediate neces- altle of tb department, wlU not Involve any ex penditure ot mooey that the countrv eennot witn propriety now undertake tn th Interest ui agricul ture. EataeaUasnaU If attar. It Is gratifying to learn from ihe bureau of edu- eauoa ta extent, lo wblca educational privi lege throughout ue United SUttas bave been ad- vauoed daring tbe year. No mire fundamental reaponsibuity icon ouoa eon-rea tbaa thai ol de vising appropriate ststaaoret of financial aid to ed Bcatioa, supplemental to local actioa la tha aute and terri torus and tba District of CoieBbta. tConclnded an tseTenih fage J