The Corvallis gazette., July 23, 1897, Image 4

OUR COMMON SCHOOLS
THE GOOD RECORD OF BENTON
COUNTY'S SCHOOLS.
County Superintendent of Public Instruction-
George W. Denman States
Some Plain Pacta Concerning Ben- !
ton County's Educational Interests.
!
The citizens of Oregon may well be
proud of the position their state has at- ,
tained in the educational world. The
efficiency of onr school system is seen
in the gratifying fact that of all the
states in the Union, Oregon ranks third
in the matter of literacy, although we
are spending less per capita each year ,
for the maintenance of our schools.
She has, however, over $2,900,000 in
vested in school property, and spends
annually nearly $1,000,000 for teach
ers' salaries. i
While Benton is one of the smallest
counties in the state, in area, yet no
other is better equipped for carrying
on the work of educating the future
citizens. She has located within her
boundaries three colleges, employing
at least 40 instructors, and having an
enrollment of over 450 students.
There are two graded public schools
in the county, one at Corvallis and the
other at Philomath. These schools em
ploy 12 teachers, and had, during the j
past year, an average daily attendance
of about 450 pupils. The school in '
Philomath consists of two grades, ad-
vanced and primary. Professor A. C.
Guthrie has been retained as principal,
and Mrs. Minna Bryan will remain in
the primary department.
The Corvallis public school is not
only the leading public school of our
county, but it ranks high in comparison
with the other public schools of the .
C-Li LI", j. 1 VJ I L.C 1 U. A. i lam lino ,v,i , i
principal for the past four years and
the board showed their appreciation of
his services by re-electing him at their
last meeting, for the ensuing year.
Mr. Pratt is not only principal, but has
charge also, of the Ninth grade, which
was added to the Eighth grade, upon j
his recommendation, , last year. By
this addition, students are better fitted
IVt I LUiicgC "VJin, toujuu uiou; wjviu
expect to pursue. The following corps
(.srfev: , (
CORVALLIS PUBLIC
of teachers has been selected for the
ensuing year: Mrs. May Nelms, Misses
Mildred Linville, Esther Simmons,
Lettie Wicks, Alice Horning, Mollie
Bergin, Clara. Duncan. Miss Mary
Newton, who has been in the primary
department, was re-elected to a higher
grade; but has resigned in order to ac
cept a position in Washington. Too
much credit cannot be given Professor
Pratt for the manner in which he has
labored in building up and increasing
the efficiency of this school. It is his
intention to extend , and lengthen the
courses in language and business forms
during the coming school year. The
Corvallis public school building is one
that the citizens may well feel proud of.
It represents the thrift, progressiveness
and public spirit of the patrons of the
school.
In addition to these graded schools,
there are in Benton county 53 school
districts, and 130 persons licensed to
teach. There were employed, during
the last year, 93 teachers, of which'
number 20 were males and 73 females.
The average salary paid male teachers
per month was 137.50, and female
$30.49.- The annual report showed
1,302 males and 1,283 females residing
in the county between the ages of 4 and
20, and of these 749 males and 724 fe
males were enrolled at the public
schools; 545 boys and 439 girls did not
attend any school. The average num
ber of months taught during the year
was five and four-fifths. There were
three private schools conducted last
year, employing three teachers and
having an enrollment of 12 pupils. -
The total number of visits made by
the superintendent was 95, making the
distance traveled 1,500 miles, and the
average time spent in each school, two
hours.
There are over 1,300 legal voters for
school purposes in the county. The
, value of the school houses and grounds
has been estimated to be $38,040, ana
of furniture and .apparatus, $7,889
The districts carry a total insurance of
$20,840. Last year the county had
23,976.84 from all sources, for school
purposes, and of this amount $17,833. 11
were expended for teachers' salaries and
$4,070.09 for apparatus, furniture, in
surance, etc., leaving a balance of $1,
131.38 in the hands of the several
school. clerks. The superintendent ap
portioned in April this year over
$7,000 to the various districts of the
county, and there is now in the hands
of the county treasurer, awaiting the
August apportionment, about $5,000.
There will also be $2,500 from the state
fund, making a total for the fall ap
portionment of about $7,500. Each
district, except joint districts, receives
$50 annually, and so much per - capita,
as the funds allow.
Of all the splendid educational work
that is being carried on in the several
counties of Oregon, Benton can make
a showing equal to any. The quality
of the school work done by the teach
ers of our county cannot be praised too
highly. Many obstacles have beset
their, pathway in years past No dis
trict, until recently, had any definite
aim or plan adopted for the carrying on
of work. No specific amount of prog
ress was required of the teacher. The
matter ot graduation was never dis
cussed by the pupil, teacher or parent,
In a very (ew districts the course of
study of some city school was loosely
carried out. Amid all these and other
difficulties, the teachers persevered and
accomplished good results.
The confusion arising ffpm the ab
sence of classification and gradation in
tensified the demand from the teachers
and many of the patrons for a county
classification. The subject was fre
quently discussed, at various institutes
and teachers' associations. Ex-Super-
interment Holmes took up the matter
and distributed among the teachers
copies of Illinois course of study. The
advisability of adopting this course here
was discussed and at a meeting of the
county association at Philomath in
1895, "a vote was taken and the teachers
present promised their assistance. Off.
ing to the retirement of Professor
Holmes from -the office, he could not
complete the work, so the present in
cumbent, assisted by Professors Holmes
and Pratt, carried out the plans already
begun. A simple classification of the
work for the common schools was com
piled and published in pamphlet form
and sent tuall school officers and teach
ers in the county during February of
the present year.
The pamphlet consists of two parts.
The first 12 pages is devoted exclu
sively to the classification work,, and
the rest treats of the duties of parent,
teacher, pupil and director. Some of
the aims of the classification are as fol
lows: -To make the advancement uni
form in every branch throughout the
county; to lessen the damaging results
of a too frequent change of teachers;
to increase the interest of pnpils by
giving them definite aims and to en
courage them to complete the public
school course and receive a common
school diploma; to show what studies
are to be completed before others are
taken up, thus preventing neglect of
any branch.
The entire eight years' work is
mapped out, year by year, and a certain
amonnt must be completed during each
school year. At the end of the eight
years, the pupil is supposed to be ready
to graduate, having completed the
course laid down in the county classifi
cation. Questions are then prepared
by the county board of examiners and
sent to the teachers, who conduct the
examinations and grade the papers,
which are forwarded to the superintend
ent for further grading. If the ap
plicant receives a general average of 761
per cent and does not fall below 55 per
cent in any one branch, he receives a
diploma of graduation from the super
intendent, free of charge. Tnese diplo
mas are accepted, on .certain condi
tions, as evidences of educational abil
ity by the Philomath colleges, the Ore
gon agricultural college and the Mon
mouth normal school. While the class
ification has been in operation during
r
SCHOOL BUILDING.
the spring term only, yet all the schools
of -the county are" taking up the work
with an enthusiasm and vigor that is
having a telling effect and insures its
complete success. . ' -
- GEO. ' W. DENMAN.
STEAM AS A MOTIVE POWER.
lie First Vessel So Propelled. Wai
Invertel by a Spaniard.
The application of steam as a moving
powrr is. claimed by various nations,
but for the first extensive employment
of it the world Indisputably owes the
English and the Americans. As early
as 1513 a Spanish captain named Bias
co Pe Garay showed In the harbor of
Barcelona a steamboat of his own in
vention. The preacher Mathesius, in
his sermon to miners In Xuremburg In
1502, prays for the man who "raises
water from fire and air," showing the
.early application of steam power in
Uermany. An Italian engineer, G.- Be-
anca, invented in 1629 a sort of sttajii
windmill. In England among the first
notices of steam power Is one contained
in a small volume published in 1647,
entitled "The Art of Gunnery," by Nat
Xye, In which he proposes to "charge
a piece of ordnance without gunpow
der" by putting In water Instead of
powder, ramming down an air-ttghf
plug and then the shot, and applying a
fire to the breach "till It burst out sud
denly." Bat the first successful effort
was that t f the Marquis of Worcester.
In his "Century of Inventions," In 1616,
lie deserves a steam apparatus by
which hi? -raised a column of water to
the height of forty, feet. This, undti
the name of "fire water work," wai
actually at work a.t Vauxhall In 1650.
The first patent for the application ol
steam power to various kinds of ma
chines was to kern ou t in 1698 by Capt.
Savery. In Jf99 he exhibited before
the Royal Society a working model of
his invention. His engines were the
first used to any extent m industrial
operations. In all the attempts at
pumping engines hitherto made, iaciud
ing Savery's, the steam acted directly
upon the water to be moved, without
any Intervening part. . To Dr. Papln, a
celebrated' Frenchman, Is due the idea
of the piston. It was first used by him
In 1C90. The next step In appliance
was made In 1705, In the "atmospheric
engine" conjointly Invented by New
(omen, Cawley and Savery. This ma
chine held Its own for nearly seventy
years, and was very largely applied to
mines. The next essential improve
ments on the steam engine were" those
of Watt, which began a new era la the
history of steam power. His first lm.
provement was the separate condenser.
patented, in 1769. The principal lm.
provements that have been made since
Watt's time have been either in mat
ters relating to the boiler, to details of
construction consequent upon our in
creased facilities, improved machinery
and greater knowledge of the strength
of materials, in the enlarged applica
tion of his principle of expansive work
iu.z. or In the application of the steam
engine to the propulsion of carriages
and vessels. '.
Whales as) Travelers.
Mr. William H. DalL of the Smith
sonian Institution says. In Science,
that "during the early days of the
whale fishery several well-attested in
stances occurred of whales struck la
one ocean, as the Atlantic, being after
ward killed In the North Pacific, and
vice versa." This would indicate that
some vhales are great travelers, for to
get from the Atlantic to the North Pa
cific they would have to go many thou
sands of miles, passing either around
Cape Horn, or around the northern
end of North America and through
Bering Strait
A Secret Newspaper.
A strange newspaper which many
persons will be eager to obtain had .its
existence disclosed for the first time at
the Von Tausch libel trial in Berlin.
It seems that certain aristocrats at
Kaiser Wilhelm's court turn in the gos
sip they hear to an editor, who prints
off a limited edition of the news thus
collected for the contributors and a
very few other persons. To get at this
chronique scandaleuse a member of the
secret police forged, with, full acquies
cence from his superiors, the name of a
nobleman high in court circles.
ENTERPRISES OF GREAT PITH
AND MOMENT
Have, ers now, had their currents "turned
awry," as Hamlet says, by an attack of dys
pepsia. Napoleon failed to improve his advant
age at Austerlitz in consequence, it is said, of
indigestion brought on by some indiscretion
in eatinK. In order to avoid dyspepsia, abstain
Lfrom over indulgence, and precede the meal by
a wineglassful of Hostetter's Stomach Bitters,
more effective tnan any dietetic in improving
the tone of the stomach. Liver complaint,
chills and fever, and rheumatism are annihi
lated by the Bitters.
In Rome there are few houses bear
ing the number 13. Nearly all the
bouses that should bear those figures
are marked 12B or 14 A. -
AN OPEN LETTER TO MOTHERS.
We are asserting in the courts our right to the
exclusive use of the word "CASTOKIA," and
" PITCHER'S CASTORIA," as our Trade Mark.
I, Dr. Samuel Pitcher, of Hyannis, Massachusetts,
was the originator of " PITCHER'S CASTORIA,"
the same that has borne and does now bear the
fac-simile signature of CHAS. H. FLETCHER on
every wrapper. This is the original " PITCHER'S
CASTORIA " which has been used in the homes
of the mothers of America for over thirty years.
Look Carefully at the wrapper and see that it is
the kind you have always bought, and has the
signature of CHAS. H. FLETCHER on the
wrapper. No one has authority from me to use
my name except The Centaur Company of which
Chas. H. Fletcher is President.
March I, 1S97. SAMUEL PITCHER, MJX
The-Lord Mayor's Robe.
The lord mayor of London is entitled
to wear an earl's robe whenever a
orowned head visits the city. The pres
ent lord mayor bad such a robe made
for use at the recent jubilee festivities
which cost him 500.
A little thing happened down at the
home of Schilling's Best .tea the other
day that cost the firm a clean $200,
and the most interesting feature of the
matter is that they could have got out
of paying it if they wanted to because
it was a voluntary thing and no one
expected them to do it.
It seems that, in the earlier part of
the missing word contest, A. Schilling
& Co. promised $100 each to the two
persons who sent in the largest number
of Schilling's Best yellow tickets before
June 15.
It seems. fair that the consumers of
the tea should get those prizes. A
grocer has a betteropportunity for col
lecting tickets; and then, too, he makes
a profit on the tea. ' But two grocers
won the prizes, and A. Schilling & Co.
paid the money. - ...
Now comes the funny part they
wanted consumers to get $200, and were
determined they should. So they paid
another $200 to the two consumers who
bad sent in the two largest numbers of
tickets. N ' :
That is handsome, to say the least
A Botanical Clock. .
Among the botanical 'curiosities
which have been found in the isthmus
of Tehuantepec, lately much explored
by naturalists, is a botanical clock. It
is a flower which in the morning is
white, at - noon is red, and at night
blue, and the alterations of color are so
regular-that the time of day can be told
from the tint of the flower.
" It is well known that continued dark
ness has caused the vision of animals,
to become partially destroyed.
HOITT'S SCHOOL.
Nowhere are boys better cared for and more
thoroughly taught than at Hoitt's School, Burl
ingame, 8an Mateo county, Cal. In charge oi
IraG. Hoitt, Ph. D, Reopeni August loth.
Son FranciKp Chronicle.
French paupers are - provided for by
the funds arising from a ten per cent
tax on theater tickets. This tax aver
ages $10,000,000 a year.
Cuba' Great Foreata.
According to a consular report, Cub,
although its entire area is only about
equal to the state of Pennsylvania, coi -tains
13,000,000 acres of primeval for
ests, "where the woodman's axe has
never been heard." In these forests,
which cover nearly half the entire sur
face of the island, are found, among
other timber, mahogany, cedar, red
wood, logwood, ebony, lignum-vitae,
anda tree with extremely durable wood
sailed ciaguaran.
HOW'S THIS?
We offer One Hundred Dollars Reward for
any case of Catarrh that cannot be cured by
Hall's Catarrh Cure.
F. J. CHENEY & CO., Props., Toledo, O.
We, the undersigned, have known F. J.
Cheney for the last 15 years, and believe him
perfectly honorable in all business trasactions,
and financially able to carry out any obliga
tion made by their firm.
v West & Tar ax, "
Wholesale Druggists, Toledo, O.
Waldino, K innan Marvin,
Wholesale Druggists, Tsledo, O.
Hall's Catarrh Cure is taken internally, act
ing directly upon the blood and mucous sur
faces of the system. Price 75c. per bottle. Sold
by all druggists. Testimonials free.
Hall's family pills are the best.
Football was a crime in England dur
ing the reign of Henry VIII.
I shall recommend Piso's Cure for Con
sumption far and wide. Mrs. Mulligan,
Plumstead, Kent, England, JIov. 8, 1895. ' :
The stargazers of the Mount Hamil
ton observatory say that there are five
hundred million, burning suns in , the
milky way,
TO MOTHERS OP URGE FAMILIES
In this workaday world few women
are so placed that physical exertion
is not constantly demanded of them in
their daily life. -
Mrs. Pinkham makes a special appeal
to mothers of large families whose work
is never done, and many of whom suffer
and suffer for lack of intelligent, aid. .
To women, young
old,.nch or poor,
Mrs. Pinkham,
Lynn, Mass.,
extends
her invita
tion of
free ad
vice. Oh,
womenl do
not let your
teS lives be sac-
;fS rificed when a
'word from Mrs.
Pinkham, at
the first approach of weakness, may
fill your futures years with healthy joy.
Mrs. A. C. Buhleb,. 1123 North Al
bany avenue, near Humboldt Park,
Chicago, 111., says: "I am fifty-one
years old and have had twelve children,
and my youngest is eight years old. I
have been suffering for some time with
a terrible weakness; that bearing-down
feeling was dreadful, and I could not
walk any distance. I began the nse
of Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable
Compound and Sanative Wash and the-,
have cured me. Ucannot praise v1
medicine enough.'
mm
eerrmaHT bv amsmoam rasa AMOotATteM, ia
CHAPTER I.
The day and date is the 21st of July,
1861.
The scene is the battleground of first
Bull Run, a field made memorable for
ever. - - " - o
From daybreak to high noon the Fed
eral army under McDowell has been
moving down on the Confederate posi
tion selected weeks ago by the generals
old in the strategy of war; On the flanks
brigades have grappled in the open
fields, regiments have dashed at -each
other in the forests and thicftets. Here
a little ground has been gained, there a
little lost. - It has been theskirmishing
which precedes every battle', locating the
enemy, testing nis readiness, urawmg
bis strength and uncovering his designs.
The hour is high noon. The Confed
erate front has been pressed back, the
left wing shattered. Men looking down
on the battlefield from the bills of Cen
terville have every movement in plain
view. At 12 o'clock the battle is won
for the Federals. Bee, Barstow and
Evans, who have held the Confederate
center, have been beaten back by Burn
side, Sykes and Porter. "They give way
slowly and grudgingly, fighting as they
break back, and they are trying to rally,
when there is a clatter of bayonets be
ing fixed to muskets, and a thousand
men rush forward at the double quick.
It is the New York Twenty -seventh, and.
Colonel Slocuin leads it, the first bayonet
charge of- the war "Forward! For
ward!" And the wedge drives into the
Confederate center and rolls the frag
ments right and left. .
The cheering is heard a mile away
above the noise of battle. The Federal
center moves forward to pursue the shat
tered enemy, and couriers ride, away
with the news, " We have pierced the
Confederate center and won the day!"
Behind the flying Confederates is a
plateau of 300 acres, comprising two or
three farms.' There are two or three
farmhouses, orchards, meadows, thick
ets of pine, barren fields. Here is Stone
walUackson with 5,000 men in reserve.
The fragments of brigades, regiments,
and companies are hurled back to the
slopes of this plateau to be rallied
and reformed behind the reserves. Cou
riers ride away to Beauregard to ask for
more artillery, infantry and cavalry,
and while the Federals pause to replen
ish their cartridge boxes and gird np
their loins for a last struggle 5,000 fresh
Confederates are hurrying forward to
the plateau. - y
Noon becomes 1 o'clock. T The skir
mishers are at work all along the front
of the plateau, but there is no fighting.
Another hour slips away. The Fed
erals have waited too long. At noon they
could have carried the position with a
rush. At 1 o'clock they would have met
with stubborn resistance, but victory
would have perched on their banners.
Now as the Federals are ready to move
the Confederate 5,000 have become 10,
000, and "their 10 pieces of artillery
have become 20.
- A majority of the troops are fresh
and their nerves nnshaken, and all are
ready for the grapple. . ;
7 Thirteen - thousand -Federals move
against the plateau at different points
almost as one man, and. the battle opens
with a great crash, . Under General
Jackson's immediate" orders are five or
six regiments. On the right of his line
is a Virginia regiment. On the right of
that tegiment is a company frvm the
Shenandoah' valley." They have not boen
in action yet. As the Federals move
up to the attack fiickett's Federal bat
tery, supported by a Minnesotaregv
"Halt, men, halt! Those who are not
aruHird vcill follow meP'
meut, are in front of Jackson's men.
The battery is wheeling into position,
when the Virginia regiment is ordered
to charge it. r With a wild cheer, the
command dashes forward, but to meet
with such a withering volley from the
western men that it falls back in con
fusion. : 1-iet ns follow the company on
the right. As it falls back its eaptain is
left lying on the field. The first lieu
tenant shonld be in command, hut
neither he nor his fellow officer seeks to
rally the disorganized men. The com
pany -is breaking back in a mob right
under Jackson's eyes, when a private
seizes the flag frqjp the panic stricken
Color bearer and shouts:
"Halt, men, halt! ' Those who are
not cowards will follow me!"
It was too late to rally the company
as a whole. It was breaking back on
the reserve, headed by its two lieuten
ants, but af tho call to rally abont SO
of the men turned and raised a cheer
and followed the flag. The sight of the
flag and the echo of the cheers put heart
into the beaten regiment. Something
like order came out of confusion, and a
moment later two-thirds of the regi
ment were fighting over the guns. The
other regiments of the brigade moved
up, and they cHine jnst in time. The
First Michigan and Fourteenth Mew
York were charging np to support the
Minnesota men and save the guns.
And now for the space of a quarter
of an hour 5,000 men fought with
bayonet, with clubbed muskets, with
whatever weapon they could wound or
kill. It was the fight of a mob. It was
a mob which went circling round and
round the batteiy long ago disabled by
the killing of all its horses. The Thirty
eighth New York, followed by a portion
of the Fire Zouaves, went forward yell
ing and cheering, but they came too late
to save all liie guns. The Confederates
held the ground and retained three'of the
pieces. As Jackson rides forward the
company from the Shenandoah valley is
diagging one of the captured guns to the
rear. .
"Who commands this company?"
asked the general, looking in vain for a
commissioned officer.
The men halted and stared at him,
but no one replied.
" Where is your captain? Where are
your lieutenants?" he demanded.
"Can't tell yoV general," answered
a private who was bareheaded and coat
lees. " but the boss we are workin un
der jest now is that arV Yankee with
the flag!"
Jackson was about . to speak further
when an aid delivered an order, and he
rode hurriedly away. There is no more
fighting on this front. To the right and
left the Federals charge again and
again, but always to be beaten back.
Did they number twice as many they
could not dislodge the Confederates from
the plateau. Nature made it for the key
of a battlefield.
- It is 3 o'clock, and the fight still
rages fiercely. It is 4 o'clock, and the
Federals are still battering at the slopes
of the plateau. Half an hour later the
volleys of musketry suddenly increase
in volume, the artillery redoubles its
fire, there is wild cheering all along the
Confederate front. Johnston's troops
have come np from the valley. Ho
throws them into the "battle, and the
Federals are driven back. The Confed
erates push forward in pursuit, and the
troops who were giving way slowly and
retiring in good order suddenly become
panic stricken.
An army panic is like unto nothing
else in its foolishness, in its madness, in
that teeling of terror which makes serv
ile cowards of brave men for a few
hours. In 30 minutes . from the first
wild shouts of alarm the highways lead
ing back to Centerville were choked
with the shattered, disorganized and
fleeing Federal commands. Here and
there feeble attempts weie made tc
check the terrified mob, but each effort
only, increased the panic. -
.'What were they fleeing from? Death!
ff so, almost every man of them had
faced death for hours that diy without
flinching. They faced it now, as terri
fied men discharged their muskets and
threw them into the ditches, as remnant?
of cavalry commands dashed into the
mass, as fieldpieces . and limbers and.
caissons, drawn by horses which seemed
to have caught the spirit of terror,
turned in from the fields lit a mad gal
lop and rode down every obstruction..
Men flee like shadows from a jilagne.
but they know from what they flee. -
Rushing into the highways, fighting
each-other as they struggled to reach
the van, stumbling, falling, a chill oi
fear upon every heart, the army which
bad fought so well and long streamed
into the hamlet of Centerville. There
was no pursuit. Tberewasu'ta brigade
in the Confederate aimy in condition to
pursue, nor was the extent of the Fed
eral disaster known to Confederate offi
cers. : Here was a strong position,, and
here it was that troops who had not been
in action were formed across the high
way leading to Washington to check the
panic stricken thojsands. Mounted of
ficers rode into the mob and shouted
commands and appeals. The panting,
fugitives paused tor a moment, but it
was not to listen,, not to obey, not to
feel ashamed of their silly fears. - It was
to draw a long breath and then dash at
the wall of glistening bayonets. The
wall menaced them, the bayonets point-,
ed at their breasts, but with one mighty
surge the lining wave dissolved the
wall, hurled it down, flung .the frag
ments to right and left, and the stream
of humanity poured on over the hills
and flowed the faster for its temporary
2heck It con Id not be checked again
until it reached the Potomac. -
CHAPTER II.
Let us go back a few weeks and con
nect the chain of events.
The thunder of a hundred guns had.
been let loose at Charleston, and the
sonth was rushing to arms. One who
lias not witnessed the beginning of war
cannot comprehend the insanity of ex
citement which accompanies the pas-.-sagtiof
each fateful day. We of the north
were delaying, hoping, trying to make
ourselves believe that war would be
averted, though no one could tell how.
While we were delaying the south was
acting.: No man in any southern com
munity dared talk of peacf-. While the
(i i 'i i.i'scd regiments llij i-Ji.'. tu
I jrigades into camp and planned a eain
: oaign. While the north waited the
south potseesed itself of fort after fort.
The streets of every city echoed tbe
iread ot marching men ; every village
was aroused by the music of the file and
lruni. That generation knew nothing
if war. Men looked upon tho waving
flags and rippling banners, the niareh
ing volunteers and the holiday attire and
wid to each other:
"Then this is war? . Men who have
written of war have deceived ris. There
is no suffering, nowonndtd, co dead
Let us also join in the march."
But historians had not deceived thcra
Tbey were deceiving themselves. The
beginning of war is merriment anei
tast. Tho end is marked by thousands
of marble headstones bearing the sing It
word ' Unknown" those and crape
and tears and desolation. It is 4 o'clock
in the afternoon of one of those never to
be fcrgottcn spriug days of 18G1. re
membered now only by gray haired
men and "women. Tho scene is the an
cient town of Winchester, in the beau
tifnl Shenandoah valley, the garden
spot ot Uie Old Dominion. Under cover
of a wooden awning sheltering the front
of the old store and postoffice two men
are eeated at a table borrowed some'
where for the occasion. Ono of them
weais the uniform of a militia captain;
the other is in citizen's dress and has a
list of names on a paper before biiii
Hear what the captain is saying to the
men crowding np until they stand six
or eight deep before him.
" We want 60 uioro men to Cll np this
company. Within a week we shall be
ordered to the front. We want only
young men and good men. Now,, then,
you all who want to go to war and see
some fun put your names down on this
paper. You, there, Steve Drayton, step
up and eigu!"
. "How long shall we uns bo gone,
captain?"
"I reckon on 60 days."
"Then I'll put down."
"And I!"
"And 11" -
"Say, captain, " called a young farm
er from the rear rank of the crowd,
"can't yo' wake the time 30 days? The
old man's (eelin porely this spring, and
"Wc uanl sixty more men to fill up this
company."
he can't do no farm worlr. I'd like to
go along with yo' all, but I can't spare
over 30 dqys. Make it 30 days, and I'll
put down. "
" don't like to say 80," replied the
captain as he stood up to look over the
crowd. "You see, we've got to get there,
wherever it is, and then We've got to
have a fight or two and march around,
and I should reckon on 50 days anyhow.
Better come along. You never did have
no such chance to see fun in all your
life before." J
" Waal, 1 reckon 10 or 20 days won't
make no great difference anyhow, " said"
the man. And he pushed forward to
add his name to the list. .
Directly opposite two men sat look
ing out of a second story window. They
' were in the law office of Justin. Wil
. liams, a lifelong citizen of the town
and a lawyer of repute. He-was a man
of 55, "but carried his age lightly. The
other was a young man of 24, well
built and having a plain but kindly
face. He was Royal Kenton of Rhode
Island, a graduate of law at a promi
nent university and the junior partner
of the law firm of Williams & Kenton
They were uncle aqd nephew. Kenton
bad come down about 18 months before.
As the relative and partner of a promi
nent citizen he was treated with cour
tesy.' As a Yankee, fresh from Yankee
land, he was a subject of criticism, and
there was little heart in the hospitality
accorded him. There could not have
been. He represented principles an
tagonistic to the south. There was no
neutral ground in those days. A man
represented not himself, but "his sec
tion of country. The opinions of bis sec
tion were considered to be his. A south
erner at the north would have been
looked upon through the same eyes and
held responsible to the same extent.
Men liked him as a man, but they de
tested him as a Yankee.
"Well, I am sorry this trouble has
fallen upon the country," said the old
lawyer as they watched the crowd oppo
site. "I have long felt that it must
come sooner or later, but 1 hoped it
would not be in my day. Nothing can
now prevent war. "
" But everybody appears to think it
will end almost as soon as begun," re
plied Kenton.
"They do not stop to reflect," said
the lawyer as his face assumed a more
serious look. "I am a southerner, and
I believe the south has been fully justi
fied in her course, but our people are
foolishly underestimating the strength
and temper of the north. They will not
let ns go because we bluster and threat
en. If the- south secures a separation,
it will have to be won on the field of
battle. : It was to be, and it has come,
but it is to be deulored. " - -
"If war comes, business will have to
go," observed Kenton as be looked
about the office. - .""
' War is here, and our business has
already fled," replied Williams. "Mar
tial law will soon be proclaimed, and
there will be no more use for judges,
jurors and attorneys. I have wanted to
ask you for several days what course
you mean to pursue. If it was to be a
war of 60 days., six months, or even q
y , ..$ iuigiit i .iko curtaiu'piaa-. Lai
it is to be a long and bloody struggle,
and this very valley will be a battle
ground. We may as well close our of
fice today a8a month hence. ' Amid
such excitement as this there can be no.
call for our services."
. 'I am a northern man, ". raid Ken
ton after a moment's thought.
. "Yes, they call you a Yankee."
"I have cared nothing for politics.
Thcro is a great principle herein in
volved, but onr greatest statesmen are
dividjed ver it. The sonth seeks inde
pendenco from a federation which, has
. become unbearable. ' The north, or at
least a goodly portion of it, denies the
right of secession. This coming war is
the consequence. 1 stand on neutral
ground." . . ,
"You are neutral today, but yon can
not be 30 days hence, " said the eld law
yer as a troubled look came into bis
face. --"Do yon find any neutral men in
that crowd down there? Have yon heard
any neutral talk among our people? It
may not be 10 days before, you will be
put to the test."
"What test?"
"Of yonr' allegiance to one side or
the other. Every young man in oui
town is hastening to volunteer. I am
too old to be taken now, but later on I
may be forced into the ranks. ; It will
be a war iu which the south will need
her last man. - I am not pledged to a
southern confederacy, but I am pledged
to Virginia. I go with my state.' Yon
have come down to cast your lot with us.
ft is for you to answer whether you are
for or i against your adopted state.
Think it over. If you wish to go north,
the routes are still open. If yon wish
to remain, yon will be asked why yon
don't volunteer. I do not seek to influ
ence you. Do guided by your own con
science. Tomorrow we will settle all
business mutters between us. It maybe
years before there is any. further call
for our l-gal talents in this or any other
Virginia tewn. Military law will soon
override evei-'hing."
The old lawyer rose np and passed
down stairs cn bis way home without
further remark, leaving Royal Kenton
in a brown study, which was interrupt
ed 10 minutes later by wild cheering on
the street. He went down to ascertain
the canse, and a man who had just vol
unteered swung his hat and replied:
"Hoorayl We uns is' gwine to send
fellers right on to captur' Washington
and olo Abe Lincoln!" .
(To be Continued.)
Couldn't Spank Her Son.
People never get an encouragement
for doing the good Samaritan act In
the interests of the public, as the man
decided who offered to assist a dis
tracted woman and ameliorate the suf
ferings of a lot of respectable people
ou a suburban car.
The feoy who howls was In evidence,
ths curled darling of his only own
mother and the terror of everybody
else, and he had kept the car in a state
of wild excitement and exhausted the
patience of everybody, including his
doting parent. " '
"Oh, If your father were only here!"
she had said for the fiftieth time, as
she tried vainly to restrain the howling
terror.'
At that he stopped howling long
enough to beat the air with his small
shins, and the woman on the- other
side of him remarked audibly that a
cage was the proper place for Savages
like him. a
"Johnny dear," asked his mother,
"won't you be a good boy?"
Roars and kicks from Master John
ny. "Oh, I wish your father were here to
give you a good trouncing this very
minute!" she wailed as she struggled
with him".
Then it was that the philanthropist
of the company asserted himself. He
had been trying -in vain to read his
morning paper ever since he started
from home. : - . --
"Allow me, madam," he said, bland
. ly; "I am a father myself, and I will
lie happy to chastise your cherub In
behalf of his absent parent."
"Oh, no, yon won't, not If I know It!" (
saia jonnny s motner, rising in ner
wrath like a tigress. "There ain't that
man living dare lay a finger on that
boy hhj own father or any other ugly
old catamount who thinks he knows It
all," and she effectually shut off de
bate by going into the next car and
taking the sweet infant with her. ,
Calm and Collected.
Reporter It la said that yourself and
your comrade, O'Hoggarty, were calm
and collected softer the dynamite ex
plosion at the quarry.
McLubberty Wull, It was loike this.
Ol was calm and O'Hoirearty waa cot
Ucted.-rs3r Xfids Wjarld, v .
Who will get it?
:S chilling s Best tea is not only pure but it
ts -f' because it is fresh-roasted.
What is the missing vord?
V Get Schilling's Best tea at your grocer's; take out the Yellow Titkei
(there is one in every package); send it with your guess to address below
before August 31st.
. One word allowed for every yellow ticket.
If only one person finds the word, he gets one thousand dollars. Il
several find it,-the money will be divided equally among them.
" Every one sending a yellow ticket will get a set of cardboard creeping
babies at the end of the contest Those sending three or more in on .
envelope will receive a charming 189S calendar, no advertisement on it.
Besides this thousand dollars, we will pay $150 each to the two persom
who send in the largest number of yellow tickets in one envelope between
June 15 and the end of the contest August 31st
. a "W T a a
LUt this out. You wont see it
for two weeks.
Address: SCHILLING'S
CHEAPEST POWER...
IN GUARANTEED ORDER.
1-1 H. P. Hercules, Gas or Gasoline.
1-2 H. P. Hercules, Gas or Gasoline.
1-2 H. P. Regan, Gas or Gasoline.
1-3 H. P. Oriental, Gas or Gasoline.
1-4 H. P. OUo, Gas or Gasoline.
1-4 H. P. Pacific, Gas or Gasoline.
. 1-6 H. P. Hercules, Gas or Gasoline.
1-10 H. P. Hercules, Gas or Gasoline.
State Your Wants and Write
405-7 Sansome Street .2.. 117.1,
San Francisco, Cal... ....bngllie WOrKS
fas, Gasoline and Oil
Prussia's Amber Monopoly.
The working of amber in Prussia is a
monopoly -in. the. hands ot a firm whic'i
owns the two best mines, the Palmnick
en and Kraxtepeile. For the concession
it has, according to a report from the
British consul at Dantsig, to pay to the
German government a royalty of 650,
000 marks a year.- It-is reckoned, says
the London News, that this firm has,
up to now, paid ho less than $1,000,
000 in royalties to the German govern
ment. In addition to the output from
tlie mines in 1895, a good deal of amber
was picked up on the. beach at the Pil
lau, in the province of East Prussia,
being washed np with the seawood dur
ing the prevalence of northwesterly
gales. The shore atPillan after a storm
is sometimes covered w.ith a. layer of
seaweed three feet thick, among which
the amber is found entangled. Men,
women and children find easy and lu
crative employment in searching for the
amber along this part of the amber
coast. The people engaged in this pre
carious work otten earn $6 a day or
more. In 1895 about 100 tons of raw
amber came to Dantzig to be worked
up, as compared with 140 tons in 1894.
It is nearly all melted to make lac and
varnish. The larger pieces are also
made into beads, which -are sent all
over the world. The - beads known to
the trade as the Leghorn corals, are in
strong demand.
Russian Railroads.
Russia, with over 4,875,000. square
miles more than the United States, lias
158,000 miles less of railroads, says
the Boston Courier. Most of the en
gines burn naphtha oil for fuel, with
excellent results. This oil is the ref
use from the first refining and costs
about 40 cents per barrel. This oil is
also used for general lubricating pur
poses. None of the engines have bells,
but instead they have two whistles.
The engines are finely painted, the
wheels red, the frame black, jacket
and cab green, with a fine black stripe;
the inside' of cabs nearly white, or
cream color. The speed of freight
trains is limited to 20 miles an hour,
and-the fast express is limited to 35
miles per hour. In - switching and
making np of trains all signals are
given by sound that is, the switchman
has a tin horn which he blows and the
engine driver is obliged to repeat this
signal by whistle before he goes
ahead. When and engine stops the en
gineer is required to give three short
whistles.
Singular Effects of Cold.
A bar of lead cooled to a point about
800 degrees Fahrenheit below zero, ac
enrdiner to the extwrimenta of M. Pictet.
gives out, when struck, a pure musical
sound. Solidified mercury, at the same
tf mnprtttnre. ia also resonant, while a
floil of 'magnesium wire vibrates like a
steel spring. .
The Kiel canal is lighted over 62
miles by electricity, and is the longest
distance in the world ' lighted continu
ously in that way.
DRUNKARDS
CAN BE
SAVED
The craving tor drink is a disease, a marvelous
cure for which has been discovered called "Anti
Jag," which makes the inebriate lose all taste for
trnnr drink without knowing why. as it can be
given secretly in tea, coffee, soup and the like.
If "Anti-Jag" is not kept by your druggist send
one dollar to the Renova Chemical Co., 66 Broad
way, New York, and it will be sent postpaid, in
plain wrapper, with full directions how to give
secretly. Information mailed fre.
The mean temperature of the earth
taken as a whole, is 50 degrees J., and
the average annual rainfall is 30 inches.
T" TJPTUKS: and FIXES cared: no pay an
XL til cared; send for book. DBS. Mansfield
A; Foktiriuld, 838 Market St., San Francisco. I
- I I Bast couxa fcr
t to tm, j
la ...I Intd
VvBIO wrun mirmmmm uw
-np. Tut G
again
M2
BEST
TEA SAN FRANCISCO.
Rebuilt Gas and
...Gasoline Engines
FOR SALE CHEAP
for Prices...
Hercules Gas
Engines, 1 to 200 H. P.
State
Agricultural
College...
OF OREGON
SCIENTIFIC FQCIPHENT
THE BEST IN THE STATE. .
Military training by United States officer.
Twenty-two instructors.
Surroundings healthful and moral.
Free tuition I No incidental fees!
Expenses, including board, room, clothing,
washing, books, etc., about 130 per school year.
Fall Term Opens September. SO.
For catalogue or other information address
THOMAS M. GATCH, Pres.,
Corvallis, Oregon.
"Complete
Manhood
AMD
Hew to Attain If
A Wonderful New
Medical Book, written
for Men Only. Ono
ccpy may be had free,
sealed, in plain envel
ope, on application.
ERIE MEDICAL CO.,
65 Niagara SL,
BUFFALO, N. Y.
Ml BALL GOODS WLS.J
We carry the most complete line of Gymnasium,
- . and Athletic Goods on the Coast.
SUITS Avu UNIFORMS MADE TO ORDER.
Send for Our Athletic Catalogue.
WILL & FINCK CO..
818-880 Market St., San Francisco. Cal.
WHEAT
Make money by suc
cess ul speculation in
Chicago. We buy and
sell wheat there oh mar-
grins. Fortunes have been mane on a small
beginning bv trailing in futures. Wrile for
full particulars. Best of reference Kiven. Sev
eral vears' experience on the Chicago Hoard of
Trade, and a thorough knowledge of the busi
ness. Iiownins, Hopkins A Co., Clvcntro Itoard
of Trade Brokers. Offices in Portland, Oregon.
Spokane and Seattle. Wash.
rwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww
fc " CHILDREN TEETHINC." 1
9 Mrs. wxnslow's Soothhto Syrup should always be 3
S used for children teething. It soothes the child, oft-
S eus the (rams, allay all pain, cures wind rolte.niid ia d
h the best rented r for diarrhoea. Twenty Ore cenu a d
r bottle. It In the bert of all.
tsacK
Ache,
Lame Back,
Railraad Back,
Stitch in the
Back, Lumbago
and all back
troubles are in
stantly relieved
by
ElEOTCBELT
i
Its soothing, warming, Irivig
orat ng current penetrates ths
weakened tissues, senJs the
life-blood bounding through your
veins, relieves ths pain, takrs
out the soreness, warms, tones
anJstr hihens,
revntorc-js na
tur; r.ni
Cures
Perm nently.
It Is worn while
you sleep, and
can be regulated.
ReaJ about it in
the little book
"Three Classes
Of Men," fre: by
... . mail or at ths
office. A physician's advLe
free. Call or address
SANDEN ELECTRIC BELT CO.
983 West Washing-ton St., Portland, Or.
PUAse mention this Pa ,
K. P. K. V. - - - Mo. SO, '97-
SS wrltlns; to advertisers, pleas
anwtima mu fapar
Ms
wm