V
V
GENERAL BOOTH ON
DARKEST NEW YORK
The Salvation Army's Commander Writes of Our Poverty and
Crimes, Tramps and Millions, .
20,000 ACRES FOR A DARKEST AMERICA COLONY.
His Napoleonic Scheme for Peopling the Country from the
Cities, with Farms and Plenty of Work, Thus
Making Good Citizens of Bad Ones.
The N. Y. World has asked me to
write my Impressions of "Darkest
New York." I had almost promised
myself not to make any extended re
marks upon a country or city of which
I have seen so little, but although I
, have not with my own eyes beheld
ell the conditions, all the environ
ments of the men who work for a
living in New York or in America, I
have had the advantage of other peo
ple's eyes and ears.
Necessarily what I have to say will
be very disjointed and disconnected,
for the thoughts which arise are so
manifold that I must put them down
as they occur to me or I will lose
them.
There is a Darkest New York.
There is a Darkest America. It is not
the same in appearance as Darkest
England or Darkest London, but it is
essentially the same.
Human nature is the same here;
there is the same Infusion of Anglo
Saxon blood: All that is different is
the mere outward look of things.
Here in New York the multitudes
live in tall structures much more
crowded together than in London, but
there is the' same poverty, the same
crime. Poverty begets crime, crime
begets poverty. It is the revolving
wheel.
WE ARB GOING DOWNWARD.
Here In New York It seems to me
that civilization is gliding beautifully
: on an incline. The people dream they
are going upward. They are really
going downward at fearful speed.
The same tendency of the people
from the country to hurry towards the.
great cities prevails here as in Eng
land. The land which they cannot
make pay when cultivated will bring
forth a large harvest of les miser
Abies. '
It need not be in a hurry. There is
smoke a good while before there is
soot
New York occupies the same posi
tion to America as London does to
England. Its conditions are the con
ditions that will be common to the
rest of the country by and by. You
- are in advance of other American
cities; you are further down the in-
"clined plane.
- .From what I can learn the condi
tion of the poor people Is not much
better, if any better, than in England.
We multiply pounds by five to make
dollars when we translate our money
Into yours, but that is not quite cor
rect, for $5 will not buy as much as
one pound when you come to consider
clothing, medicine, house rents and
all the little necessities of life. Also,
there are other things .which one
lacks In America which money cannot
buy. The poor do not have the pri
vacy here in their littl homes.
But the conditions are essentially
the same. You find the "submerged,"
you find those who are not submerged
who have to work for their bare liv
ing from early in the morning into
the night. .
A MILLION TRAMPS.
You have the sweat shops as Lon
don has. You have the tramps. They
say you -have a million tramps. That
is a great many. I fear nobody knows
how many there really are. But a
tramp is a man. Calling him an ob
jectionable name does not excuse
one's self of the responsibility for liv
ing in the same society in which he
lives. There he is. He is a man, an un
redeemed soul, and of greater value
than all material creation.
You have here the Darkest New
York, besides your tramp population,
the criminals, gamblers and all who
live by the vices and infirmities of
others; here they procreate and in
crease like vermin, I was going to
say. This is just as it is in Darkest
England in the east side of Darkest
New York as well as In the east end
of Darkest London.
IS THERE NO WAY OUT?
Is there a way out for the sub
merged and the half-submerged here,
as in England?
Yes, I propose a way out the only
way that I can see. The socialism of
Mr. Bellamy or of any other socialist
Is an angelic plan of government for
angelic men. New Yorkers are not
angels any more than Londoners are.
I am free to say that some of them
are very near it, for I have been most
kindly treated here.
Henry George's plan I know of. I
am very fond of Henry George, pos
sibly because he is fond of me. He
is right when he says that the land
question is at the bottom of all this
trouble and misery, but I don't see
how he can bring himself to propose
tne connscation of land. Here is a
widow, and children to whom property
is left her. He would have the state
x take it. It may be I do not state this
proposition correctly. I am a busy
man. .
But they say these people who find
it so difficult to live are persons of
defective organization. Their frames
are feeble; their teeth are bad; tneir
. eyes are defective; they are scrofu
lous, consumptive, born thieves and
rascals.
So much the more they call for the
effort of the strong, the healthy, the
clever, those whose teeth and eyes are
sound they are the ones who should
help the aged, the weak and the un
fortunate those whose environment
and companionship have made them,
if I may use the expression, inferior
beings.
It is possible to do this at a profit.
You stingy souls, perhaps thjs will
induce you to try to like your fellow
nien. HIS ENGLISH EXPERIMENT.
I have spent 100,000 at Hadley,
England that is half a million dol
lars, as I reckon it for the redemp
tion of 500 or 1,000 men. This will
pay, not counting the redemption of
the men, a profit of from 3ya to 44
per cent.
Land that cost $00 an acre four
years ago sells for ? 1,200 an acre cow,
I know because I had to buy some re-
"- hrrviw
immense sums of
money to wage war. You yourselves,
who are at peace with the world and
have not had a war for thirty years
and may not have one for thirty years
more, are spending millions upon a
navy. You do that to protect your
property. You argue that, even as
insurance upon the commerce and the
property of your seacoast towns, it is
money saved rather than money
spent.
Why should you not spend money
to save money to " defend your gov
ernment, your society, against your
expensive paupers and criminals?
The costliness of thievery, who can
estimate it? How many women have
their purses stolen and never dare
tell Iheir husbands? How many
things are stolen which are never re
ported to the police or never recov
ered? Or, if they are recovered, who
shall estimate the loss in time and
expense?
COST OF CRIME AND MISERY.
Add to these the cost of the whole
criminal system, the wages of crimi
nal judges, the fees of juries, the
money paid to attorneys, the wages
of police, of prison officials, the up
keep of jails, reformatories. Now,
when you cannot only save this loss,
but make it a paying investment, why
should it not be considered seriously?
You have hospitals here. If a man
falls and breaks his legs, yon take
him to one, even if the fall is the re
sult of his own bad conduct. He may
have been drunk at the time; still you
take him to the hospital. Why should
there not be a hospital for a man
when be has fallen and broken his
nature, his will?
You have prisons hospitals that
don't heal. You break the man's will,
and leave it as limp as a rag. The
first man he meets coming out of jail
leads him straight off in mischief.
Government should take him and
say: "uo you want to work very-
good, you shall work. You shall earn
your living. Oh, you don't want to
work? But you shall work, anyhow."
Then turn him over to the Salvation
Army, to the Darkest America. refor
mation plan, which very likely - will
be started here on ' similar lines to
those the Salvation Army has stirred
up in other parts of the world.
SAVING A GIRL FOR ?16.
Will it pay? We can save a girl
for $16. That is counting all wreck
age. We do this . without legislative
help. Those we have saved are repay
ing what they have cost. We keep
them for three years, and after they
have been with us so long and are
tested, the past is buried and forgot
ten, and they jr out into the world,
nobody knowing their history, and be
come wives and mothers, beautiful
women, for they are saved souls. The
scheme for men will pay its own way.
I said to his excellency the governor
of Canada: "You want immigration.
You want a simple peasantry, who
will be attached to the soiL You want
people not to become pressmen, law
yers and doctors, not too proud to
work for a living, but men who have
a stake in the country. I will bring
yqu people who are tested. I will not
ask you any fees to induce them to
come. They will be men of two
classes, those who have been sub
merged and those who were never
submerged, but have been chained to
the wheel earning $3 or $4 a week."
In one of the prisons I went into
here there were 640 men locked up.
They cost the state $120,000 per an
num to keep. Each man got about a
pound of beefsteak a day. I said to
myself: "I can get thousands of peo
ple who will commit any reasonable
crime for the sake of being fed like
that." Give me those people and I
will not only save the money but save
the men.
WAY TO REFORM CRIMINALS.
These are the hospitals which don't
heaL I have been in prisons in this
country where the governors, or what
ever you call them here, were respect
ful to the prisoners, bowed to them,
saluted them, treated them as equals.
This was to build up their self-respect
and manhood. ,.
I wouldn't do so. I would make
them smart. I would say: "Oh, what
a scoundrel you are! You want to be
made over; you are a sinner. But His
blood can make the vilest clean; His
blood avails for you; now you've got
a chance to make a man of yourself.
wm you taKe m"
Crime forfeits freedom. The man
who offends against society must not
only for society's sake, but for his
own sake, be shown a more excellent
way.
But to start a darkest America
scheme, to found another Massachu
setts,, requires land. Somebody will
ask: "Where will you get it?" There
is unclaimed land, and there is a lot
of land which has owners but is not
in use. Buy a lot of it back.
Land will be cheaper next year. It
is cheap now. I have some land over
here which I was talking of selling.
A friend said to me: "Don't sell it
now. You can't get anything for it."
I said: "WelL put it up at auction;
surely somebody will bid something
for it." He answered: "My dear gen
eral, I have been to all the sheriff's
sales of land for the last eighteen
months, and there has ' not been a
bid."
A DARKEST AMERICA COLONY.
Now is the time to begin a darkest
America plan. The land is cheap.
I have in view twenty thousand
acres In its present state. I do not
care to mention It more definitely
now, because all the arrangements
have not been thought out. On it I
should plant not only the men from
the great -cities who have found it im
possible, or next to impossible, to get
a living, but I would bring over from
Scandinavia, Holland, Germany and
Belgium, those good peasants who are
not submerged, but who find It the ,
most diflcult thing on earth to make
a living. . ' 1
They would make the peasantry of
this country. They would make a
substantial living from the soiL - They ;
have not the money to pay for their
passage now, and perhaps they are
frightened at the prospect of being
eaten by the - cannibals over - here.
But if the scheme was Indorsed by the
Salvation Army they would come, be
cause they know it would be safe.
The reason why the people of the
great cities, discouraged at their pros
pects for getting work, miserably
housed and insufficiently clad, do not
go to the country as things are now
is through their fear of loneliness.
A man has his work in the fields
and does not mind it so much, but
the woman, alone in the house, with
no neighbor nearer than two or three
miles, is very apt to ask her husband
to go back to the city and the misery
there, with not half so gooa a living.
The.v would see somebody there.
The plan for darkest America would
be to start little communities little
villages of thirty or forty houses to
gether. Each man would nave six
or eight acres of ground surrounding
the village and, besides that, would
have a common for his cow. There
would be hovels for his pigs and
chickens, and there would be carts to
come around so often to take the pro
duce to the market.
UNCLE SAM WOULD OWN THE
LAND.
This little farming" community
would not find life away from the
cities such a barren thing. They
would have their proper recreations,
the bands and the barracks and trips
to the city, and while they would not
get rich they would make a fair living
and a sure one.
None of these colonists will own the
land. That is what I want the gov
ernment's help in. I want the gov
ernment to deed to me In trust" this
tract of land, to be used for the bet
terment Of these people, giving me the
privilege of alienating it or disposim
of it only in cases where it is abso
lutely necessary for the success of
the scheme. The colonists simply
would have the use of the land free
as long as they chose to work it. The
money to build their little cottages,
their sheds and styes for cattle and
pigs would be .advanced to them out
of their own wages, so that if a man
ran away he would run away from
his own money, and the scheme would
be so much the richer by his going
away.
But that is the sticking point. The
Canadians don't favor the plan of not
giving each man the fee simple of his
land.
However, the Belgian government
has sent commissioners to the Darkest
England plant to see how it works,
and we have a college in London to
prepare teachers for the sixty or sev
enty colonies which we have scattered
throughout the world.
Cecil Rhodes gave me 100 pounds
out of his own pocket for our colony
in South Africa. In all our Salvation
Army posts in London we have this
sign posted: "No man need beg or
starve or steal or commit suicide. Ap
ply to the captain for a ticket, and he
will find you work." That is what
every state should have posted, in the
portal of its prison.
THE FIFTH MAN WHO STARVES.
The unions are opposed to having
men in prison support themselves. I
do not always agree with the unions.
Here are four . men in a garden.
There is just enough work to keep
them. Along comes the fifth man,
who looks over their heads and says:
"Can you give me some work?" They
answer -him, "No; there is just enough
work for four here." He says, "My
God, you are not agoing to let me
starve, are you?" The.v put their hands
in their pockets and take out enough
to feed him. -
Would it not be better for them,
since they must feed him, to get some
thing for their money? That is in
little what society is in large.
America has, in common with Eng
land, the great drawback of an edu
cational system. I don't know wheth
er I dare say anything against edu
cation, but it seems to me it is all
done for the mind and . nothing for
the body or souL The children are
brought up to be ladles and gentle
men, not men and women, who must
work for a living. They are afraid to
put their' hands in the dirt or the
dishwater.
HUMBUGS IN AMERICA.
I have been disappointed in the
American people. I expected to find
them extremely wise politically. I
don't think I ever saw so much hum
bug. There is so much claptrap, so
much appealing to prejudice, so lit t
of sound reasoning and calm decisi.-ii
in matters affecting public safety.
They don't believe in grace. They
don't want gr;i : ( Jrace is no good
for backing. 1 hoy want the backing
of the republican party, of the demo
crat party, or of Mr. Cleveland, or
somebody else. It as your ballot-box,
of which you are so proud, that is to
be your undoing unless you wake tip
to what the situation is. .
The millionaire is on top now, and
the great crowd is struggling beneath
in misery. They are the sans culottes
the breechless fellows. They see
the millionaires having every comfort,
while it is as much as they can do to
make a living, '; and the poorhouse
at the end when all is done. The next
revolution will not be by force. It
will be by your ballot-box, which the
breechless multitude has just begun
to learn now to use. .
One day they are going to turn
things upside down. They are the
many. The millionaires are the few.
The millionaires will then be under
neath, the breechless multitude on
top.-
It will be well if they stick to vot
ing only. It would have been well in
the French Revolution if they had let
tne breechless multitude vote at the
start.
It would have brought Napoleon
nearer by a year or two. Isnt that
an important thing tor think of? Isn't
it better to lose youfmoney-bags than
your head? -
Your problem here In darkest Amer
ica is no different from this problem
in other parts of the civilized world.
As I said before, it is the mere exter
nals which are different If the
breechless multitude threatens here,
it also threatens in the older countries,
but you have so much more the advan
tage; your chimney has not been
smoking so long. "The condition's of
life have not hardened so much.
There is the enthusiasm which comes
to one who has gone from ocean to
ocean In your country the enthusi
asm of the realization of your grand
possibilities.
I have the same feeling when I look
upon the Salvation Army. It is not
what it is, but what it is going to be;
what it will be if it keeps In the
lines on which it was started. Yours
is the country meant to be free.
Yours is a government instituted to
guard every man's right, to life and
happiness. When it guards the right
to life and happiness of every man
and woman, the poor fellow in the
tenement house as well as the million-
aire, then there will be no darkest
America and no harkest New York."
Faithfully yours, to help the wretched
and the lost,
WILLIAM BOOTH.
TO SEARCH FOR LENZ.
The Young Pittsburger Was on His
Way Round the World.
Wllliam A. Sachtieben has sailed
on La Champagne with the intention
of searching for and, if possible, find
ing Frank G. Lenz, of Pittsburg, who,
it is thought, Is lost somewhere near
the Kurdish mountains in Armenia.
Wheelmen everywhere are intensely
interested in the fate of the young
cyclist, Frank G. Lenz, who, three
years ago, started from New York to
ride around the world, but who for
nearly a year has been unheard of
and of whom, despite strict searches,
not the slightest trace can be found.
uovernments nave been stirred, min-;
isters written to, missionary societies
interested and native detectives en
gaged, but all without avail. Their
combined efforts have failed to dis
cover even a vestige of the missing
man. He has disappeared as effect
ually as if, like the prophet of old, he
had been whisked off to heaven in a
chariot of fire.
The most remarkable thing in con
nection with his disappearance is
that he had traversed the greater
part of ""his journey and had passed
safely through those districts which
were generally considered to be the
most dangerous. In fact, it was not
until he reached, the Asiatic domin
ions of the sultan of Turkey, the bor
ders of Armenia, that - he vanished.
All hope for him- has not been entire
ly abandoned, although at the mo
ment it is at a very low ebb. Many
believe him to be dead, murdered by
the semi-savages of Asia Minor, but
.1. H. Worman, the editor of "Outing,"
the magazine under whose auspices
Lenz was touring, scouts that idea,
and maintains that the cyclist is in
captivity among the Kurds, and that
he will one day be quietly set free
and turn up again safe and sound.
Mr. Worman bases his belief on the
fact that despite the continued
searches from all quarters which have
been made by official and unofficial
authority, not even one of Lenz's
shoelaces has been found.
The international commission has
just begun its" Inquiries into the al
leged outrages among the Christians,
and Mr. Sachtleben will therefore be
on the spot in time not only to stim
ulate the searchers who are following
up such clews as they have obtained,
but also to interest - this European
commission in Lenz's . case. William
L. Sachtleben is thoroughly qualified
to make a successful search for the
lost wheelman. Only 28 years old,
he has already made the world tour
awheel has tr.i.-eled over the very
territory where Lenz is supposed to
be held by brigands or to have been
killed by them. : He is sufficiently
familiar w ith the people and their
language to be dependent only upon
his own wit and pluck in tracking
Lenz step by step until he shall. find
him or his baggage, or both. -
Sachtleben is a college, graduate,
plucky, if not. daring, and enthusiast!
callv enlisted in behalf of the search
expedition of which, he is to be the
chief. He has no easy task before
him. as is but too clearly apparent,
but it is hoped that he may be able
within the next six months to throw
some light upon Lenz's fate.
. Lenz stopped in Salem a couple of
years ago while on his tour.
HYGIENIC CARE . OF FEET.
They Should Be as Systematically
Bathed as the Hands.
The hygienic systematic care of the
feet will do more to relieve the suf
fered from afflictions of the feet than
any eccentricity in the way of foot
wear. The feet should be systemat
ically bathed as often as are . the
hands, and a daily footbath is -essen
tial to the health of the members.
When the feet are apt to swell (which
is due to a weakness in the general
health), a hot footbath at night is de
sirable; in this a few tablespoonfuls
of salt should be dissolved. This pre
vents the enervating effects that come
from the frequent use of the hot bath
The daily footbath should be simply
warmed enough to take the chill oft
the water. The feet should be thor
oughly dried after bathing them with
a soft absorbent towel, then rubbed
vigorously with a rough friction towel.
A spirit bath is excellent to keep
the feet in good condition. After
bathing them- rub the soles and be
tween the toes with a little alcohol,
which? may be perfumed with a small
quantity of lavender or violet water
or cologne to-make it more agreeable.
A systematic bathing of the feet, put
ting on fresh stockings or freshly
aired stockings each day, allowing the
shoes to rest and air at least twenty-
four hours after wearing before they
are worn again all this conduces to
the health of the members. There is
scarcely anything that is so restful
after a fatiguing walk or household
employment as a footbath, followed by
a change of . stockings and shoes. It
is astonishing to one who has never
tried this simple method of treating
the feet how often corns and even
bunions will vanish before such care.
New York Tribune.
TENNIE CLAFLIN.
The? generosities of Lady Frances
Cook, known in America better as
"Terniie Cdaflm," have often . been
commented upon .with- wonder." Since
taking ' up 'her residence in, Montser-
rat, her Spanish castle, she has almost
rebuilt the ewtfire village. The castle
itself,-a half -tumbled down place, has
been restored, and the room in which
Byron wrote "Childe Harold" has been
perpetuated for the benefit of Spain
and the interest of sightseers. The
funds for all this have been supplied
by Lady Cook herself, but how she has
managed to do to has been a wonder.
The tru th is tihat she is something of a
business woman 'and has increased her
husband's allowance by her own exer
tions until all these things have been
possible. . -
The way she has done it is remark
able. Upon the ' estate of Mon-tsermt
there are numerous old trees. "Cork
tiroes" the natives told Lady Cook. And
upon investigating, .them she) found
them o be really such. Of course for
an American to have the cork bark
stripped from the trees and trans
formed into the cork of commerce iwas
quick work; and as the returns were
very ample she has kept on doing this
year after year. - The amount affords
ample money for the restoration of
Mowtserrat and for all philantfhroplcal
purposes; and it shows how . Lady
Cook cotrtd earn a commercial living if
she desired.
Lady Cook is a frequent contributor
to the Sunday Statesman.
AWAITING DOOMSDAY
The Setting of
the
Very flour.
r w v m i TTT1 1
ManV iTODnetS WhOSe
" A I
"Pfiyrjnpaipq TnVlllPfl I
The Great Millerite Excitement inland would shut up their souls in the
1843 and Similar Events in the
History of the World.
The Seventh Day Adventists, who
last year
gained notoriety through
presenting to their church various ar
ticles .of value, the whole aggregating
about $50,000, last week made an
other New Year's offering at Battle
Creek, Mich., in the presence of sev
eral thousand persons. A close esti
mate of the value of the articles pre
sented has not yet been made, but it
it believed to be not far from $40,000.
One of the elders, before the gift-
siving began, preached a short ser
mon, in which he expressed ms bener l
tnat tne ena or tne worm wan near
at hand, and the violent occurrences
oi me lime muiiaitu ii. i
Among the articles heaped on the
platform when the gifts were called
for were watches and chains, diamond
nilga, uiitcciLB, on vein .i c, uuijio,
earrings, and, In fact, nearly every-
thinc in the iewelry line that could be
converted into cash. Nearly forty bi
cycles were also given. The whole
collection is to be sold and the pro
ceeds will be devoted to extending the
theories of the order.
The disappointment of those who
had so confidently predicted and be
lieved that the end of the world was
fixed for the first day - of January,
kind that has fallen to the lot of those
wiiu nave auempieu iu ci ""-
time and cut snort us mgnt. rom
the days of Noah there have been
those who believed that the world was
to be destroyed, but it was not until
IV li 4. .LI. l,
itL ici mi; tllllC Ul UUllDt. lllll 1 iuio uv-
lief in the eventual destruction of the
world assumed definite shape. His
immediate disciples firmly believed
that the utter destruction of the world
would take place In their time, and
through all the earlier years of the
church the second coming of Christ
was confidently looked for. Because
He did not so appear many lost their
faith in Him and returned to their
ancient gods. This was especially the
case in apostolic times with the
church at Thfcssalonica, and the Apos-
tie Paul took occasion in one of his
epistles to warn the church that the
day of the second coming was not
known and was of very uncertain
date.
MANY DISAPPOINTMENTS.
The history of the-church shows
that every now and then a wave of
belief that the end of the world was
near at hand has swept over the
church only to be followed by a period
of despondency because of the dis
appointment experienced. During the
f. st century and a half this second
coming was looked for almost from day
today. Then preachers and pretend
ed prophets would set a fixed time.
Some of them wduld assign no nartic-
ular reason for fixing the date select
ed, -.while others would pretend to
have received a special revelation. Not
long after the establishment of the
paramount authority of Rome in all
church matters, such teachings were
declared to be heretical, and extreme
measures were resorted to In dealing
with such sensational teachings. . Like
all other heresies, however, it flour
ished on opposition and its teachings
ucgan to see in the Koman hierarchy
one of the beasts' seen by St. John on
tne isle or .fatmos,
Finally there arose those who under
took to interpret prophecy and to tell
what was meant by the visions of
Daniel and the other Jewish proph
ets, and to figure from their mysteri
ous expressions the exact time when
the world would be destroyed. Up to
tne coming or these latter day proph
ecy interpreters it had not been con
sidered by either Jewish or Christian
students that the prophecies spoken
of had any reference to the end of the
world, but they had always been con
sidered as referring to the political
or temporal affairs of the Jews, as
connected with those of surrounding
nations,
The reformation of Luther and Cal
vin sprang a host of these Bible in
terpreters on the world, and in their
interpretations the church of Rome
was the antichrist against whom the
visions of John were specially aimed,
and its total overthrow and destruc
tion was soon to come, to be followed
by the glorious days of the millen
nium. All such prophets have had
their followers, and disappointment
has followed disappointment with
steady succession, yet each new proph
et of evil would find ready believers
in his theory. Every great phenom
enon in nature has been succeeded by
a revival of the cry that the time of
the total destruction of the earth was
near at hand. The "Dark Day" of
1780, the shower of meteors in 1833
and the sudden appearance of the
blazing comet in 1843 were looked
upon as sure precursors of the speedy
overthrow of all sublunary things.
THE MILLERITE EXCITEMENT.
The greatest and' most widely ex
tended excitement of this kind was
that which followed the preaching of
William Miller. Miller was himself
an enthusiast and fully, convinced of
the truth of the doctrine he taught.
He did not set up any claim as a
prophet, but based all his teachings
upon the interpretations he- placed
upon the prophetic visions of Daniel,
especially those found in the eleventh
chapter. He was a man of limited
education, but of more than ordinary
ability, and had been a pronounced
Deist up to the thirty-fourth year of
his age, when he changed his views
and became an ardent member of the
Adventist church. He began a close
study of the Scriptures, especially of
the mysterious prophecies. He as
sumed to have discovered what was
meant by the "seven times," and the
"seventy weeks," fixed by the prophet
as the period when certain things
should happen. By this chronological
research he fixed on a date for be
ginning the calculation of the term of
seventy weeks, and figuring from the
dates thus chosen he reached a con
clusion that the : destruction of the
world .would occur some time during
the year 1843. He did not fix the ex
act date, but some of his more en
thusiastic followers did. He began
rno nliino li a Hrt-frlna act Aarlir oa
ivv. L.vi-t a,ua,u uwsl.. u UO titlj
1831, at first using the columns of a
I Vermont newspaper.
In the following
year he set forth his views la: a
DamDhlet. which was widely circulat-1
ed, and attracted the atfsntion of I
RihUpnl nnhnlnrn thrnTurhniit-the en-I
tire country- He did not begin to
preach or lecture until lass, out once of
having begun his public ministry he
preached almost daily for years, vis
itine almost every section of the
United States. I - -
His belief substantially was that the
fifth monarchy predicted in the
seventh chapter of Daniel was about
to be consummated; that Jesus Christ
would appear a second time in i4d, i
In the clouds of Heaven; that He i
111 lilt; Liuuua Ul iiwrcu, mat. v.
would then raise the righteous dead,
4.1.4. :V. u -nnM
I 11 11 11 11111 1 lilt: 11CUICUUJJ UYlUg ' '
ue caught up to Him, as mentioned
by St. Paul; that He would purify the
earth with fire, causing the wicked
and all their works to be consumed,
place prepared for the devil and his
angels; that the saints would live and
reign with Christ for a thousand
years on the earth, and that then the
wicked should be raised and judged.
MILLER'S MATHEMATICS.
The mathematical calculations by
which Miller sought to establish the
date he had fixed for the second com
ing were attacked by Biblical schol
ars, and a host of learned writers op
posed his whole scheme of interpreta
tion, most of them contending that
th nronhecv in chanter Sieht. often
quoted by Mr. Miller as the basis of
beln fulfilled and That it had nothing
to do with the second coming of
rjnrSt
niwa fnnna, Dn numharorl
many thousands, and included several
nt1 riivlnoa of nifffrfnt dpnoniina-
niv iuiiw i,i nv
specInc as the one on which
n,,P,Rt Wf411irt mnr hi nmwaranee.
but declared that it would occur some
time in the Jewish year 1843 that is,
between March 21 of 1843, and the
same date, in 1814. It was generally
believed that it would occur early in
the year, and some of Miller's more
enthusiastic followers did fix the day.
The first day set was February 10th,
that day being chosen because It was
forty-five years after the taking of
Rome by the French army, others
government and the establishment of
the Roman republic.
Th nfiw doctrine was assailed with
rir1ii0 kt snninr and reiisrious
journals, but it spread with amazing
,irmr r.t nnmn mootinsrs were
I 1' -----
held in all parts of the country, and
in 1840 a general conference was held
in Boston. In 1842 a series of meet
ings was held in New York City, and
was attended by Immense crowds.
Believers and preachers multiplied,
and during the summer the excite
ment became intense. No hall could
be obtained large enough to hold the
multitudes who flocked to hear Mr.
Miller and his colaborers, and finally a i
large tent, capable of holding ten
thousand persons, was put up, and in
lt meetings were' held in many East-
em cities. The craze spread to tne
West, and counted thousands of fol
lowers, especially in Ohio and Indl"
PREPARED FOR IT IN VAIN.
As the date for the second coming
approached thousands of the more en
thusiastic made preparations for the
ascension by disposing of their prop
erty and procuring ascension robes
February 10th and 15th came and
passed, and the world still jogged
along in its daily round, much to the
disappointment of many thousands,
but their belief that the great day
was near at hand did not waver,
though the disappointment did drive
a large number of them into lunatic
asylums. April 14th was fixed upon.
it being Pentacost day. Dr. Miller
himself would not definitely settle on
either of the days named, but when
they passed without any unusual
commotion he confessed himself as
being greatly disappointed. He fa
vored a day later in the year, and
approximated about October 22nd.
This day was accepted by all of the
more intelligent of his followers, and
great preparations were made for the
momentous event.
Thousands sold their earthly posses
sions for a song, and many others re
fused to harvest the crops in their
fields, holding that it was tempting
Providence to store up crops for a
season that would never come. In
some places the local authorities har
vested the abandoned crops at the
public expense. At Philadelphia many
persons went out into the country on
the day before and encamped ready
for the great event, while others gath
ered on the housetops and spent the
night in singing and praying.
As the number of those who be
lieved that the October date was the
correct one was larger than those who
accepted the earlier dates, so the dis
appointments were greater and the
number of suffering victims much
larger. Hundreds of believers be
came insane through the excitement,
many of whom never recovered their
reason. Others fell away from the
faith, and lost their belief even in the
existence of God.
Since then many other dates have
been fixed for the earth's destruction,'
but they have found few believers.
Mr. Miller acknowledged his disap
pointment, and freely admitted that
he must have made some mistake in
his calculations, but contended to the
day of his death that the real time
for the second coming of Christ was
near at hand. He died in 1849, in the
86th year of his age. His printed lec
tures are still read with interest, and
display a knowledge of the Scriptures
possessed by very few.
WHY "BOCK BEER"
The Only Willia'm, Bibulous Artist
and Antiquarian, Has a Theory.
The Only William is not a bibulous
artist, but a philosopher and an an-tiouarian-.
He has evolved a theory
for the phrase "bock beer," which just
now is in season, which, ihe says, is
new. It is this: Bock beer Js brewed
in November or it ought to be and
should not be tapped before spring.
On March 21st the sun enters "the
Ram" of the Zodiac. He thinks it is
noH unlikely that "bock," which means
"ram" as ojualifying . "beer," comes
from this fact
Another supposed origin of the term
"bock beer" is that it is derived from
the town of Einbeck, later Einbock, .in
North Germany, . near Hildesheim,
where In mediaeval times the first
double -deer was brewed. After Luther
made his great speech at Worms, In
1521, Duke Erich of Brunswick sent
him in the evening a big decanter of
Einbock "to strengthen him." Nowa
days bock beer is not a double brew
"laid" four months. Its dark color,
which simumlates the real article, is
secured by scorohxqg the maltt -
One of -t'ie tests of the quality of
bock was its 'mucilag?inouiB quality.
When the time came to tap the brew
the workman in the breweries, lad in
iheir leather overclothing, gaithered at
a feast, which was Inaugurated by(
nAtiptnor .a. liHntttan fvpp the benches. I
Then they sat down and foaated-i
When the feast , was ended! if help
leather tunios clung to the settles the.
"hocte" IWOS TWM)OiunBed (goodi Aii-
othsr teat was o place upon the frotM
a glass or dock a euvwr u ovurc-
thing lika a quarter and, if It was sus-
tained the
brew was approved atf
standatrd.
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swnsnuwavsK
1