The Corvallis gazette., September 21, 1894, Image 4

A STATE I
(Continued from first page.)
time, but we usually divide our classes
Into three .divisions. It is not gen
erally understood that our laboratories
are equipped for all classes of analyt
ical work, and our equipment compares
favorably with other agricultural col
leges, although our laboratories are
somewhat smaller."
ZOOLOGY AND ENTOMOLOGY.
The recitation room of this depart
ment is on the third floor of the main
building and the museum is of great
interest; we cannot do it justice in this
short article in fact we found Prof.
Washburn so very busy in the prep
aration of his state fair exhibit, that
he was compelled to talk while he
worked. We were almost taken off
our feet as we entered by his saying:
"Oh, I know what you want I've
heard about you." Un-nerved as we
were, but gratified to know that we
were not strangers, we tried to be very
much taken up with the collection of;
"bugs" the professor was preparing,
while he said:
"The laboratory in my department is
fairly well equipped, for the study of
physiology, zoology, comparative anat
omy, economic ornithology and econ
omic entomology, as laid down in our
course. Our methods are all illustrated
with laboratory work, and with the
aid of the microscope the student sees
himself the structures taught in the
text book. Our course in ornithology
consists in the study of the typical bird
and from that, learning to classify
common birds, and to obtain a knowl
edge of their habits, and their relation
to the farmer in economic ornithology,
whether beneficial or detrimental to
his interests. We have a similar course
in entomology, from the study of a
tvpical insect, to the collection and
classification of 300 Oregon insects,
which every student is required to
make.
"It is expected of the graduate who
take this course, to have a good general
knowledge of the .'subjects touched
and token with the laboratory methods
which are in vogue In teaching these
courses, willgivt Vata naoits of in
dependent observation and thought.
"The work of my department in con
nection with the eiperiment station
is entirely independent of college work.
It consists of correspondence with
farmers regarding injurious insects
and advising remedies and in experi
mentation along these lines. The bot
anist and myself are engaged in a co
operative experiment to find a com
bined codlin moth, remedy tinsectleldc)
and apple scab remedy (fungicide).
This has been successfully determined
in other states and we hope to find a
combination suitable to Oregon or
chards. During the season we have de
voted "considerable observation to va
rious tent caterpillars. I am not pre
pared to give my results yet, but they
will appear soon in bulletin form.
"Of the grain aphis, I can say that
there is no cause for alarm. It may
appear next year and the year follow
ing, but it may not appear again for
many years, and toe parasite will keep
it in check. There has been no cause
for the prognostic reports of newspa
pers.
"The fertility of weavily peas has
been tested. Out of seven hundred in
jected peas, actual count, forty-five
germinated. We are also at present
interested in experiments upon plant
lice, which will appear in bulletin
form."
MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT.
Both the old and new buildings of
this (lonfirtnipnt have lwn iinrior a
course of remodeling through .vacation.
ana tne macninery in tnem is now
belncr arraneed. The dpnnrtmont in
under the sharge of Prof. G. A. Cov
en, wnom we round witu his assistant,
Mr. Emunott. Rtorincr nwnv tha
engine, which had been found too
Small for the nower nweKHrir Onr
note book was not exactly in order so
we aia not produce it until the pro-
ressor naa wasned nis bands and
shown us about the building and es
corted us to his recitation room.
He said: "Our facilities for instruc
tion, while our aim is for practical rcv
sults, include what are generally
known as theoretical as well as prac
tical instruction in mechanics. We are
pretty well eauimied for e-ivfmr nri.
tlcal instruction in mechanical draw
ing, and shop work in both wood and
iron, which are directly allied to the
handling of these subjects scientific
ally. While our equipment is not so
mrge as many otners, it is quite com
plete and affords menns nf InatmoHnn
In nearly all kinds of work, with the
exception or rounary work that is,
we have all the tools In our shop usual
ly found in other similar institutions,
but not so many of a kind. I assign
my first year students to work in the
wood shop, before he knows anything
about drawings or blue prints,' upon
practice exercises. This consists of a
course of twenty-eight exercise pieces,
from the simplest method of ininincr
two pieces of wood to the making of
a small panel door complete in all its
details. In these pieces the student Is
given drawings to follow and has the
personal supervision of an instructor.
The student is then prepared to do
practical ana userui work, making
tables; cabinets, shelves and other
tilings needed about the college, al
thoneh we have not aa
thine for salp. Wp th
the blacksmith, shop in a similar
course, nrst exercises from drawings,
and then to the manufacture of such
tools as he will need In the machine
snop, such as cold chisels, drills, etc.
During this work he Is also taught
to make clevises, chains rintra cits A
the beginning of the second year he
takes up mechanical drawing. He has
naa experience in the use of drawings,
he now learns to mak-o thnm iwoiniiinv
with the very simplest, and concluding
w iui a woi-K-arawing or some machine,
like a locomotive, for instance, or an
ordinary steam engine. With the third
year, and continuing through the
fourth, he works in the machine shop
on the same plan as in tho nthor xi icc
es. The fourth year is almost entirely
MRfu up with constructive work. Two
years ago the class completed a small
dynamo with a canacitv for tieM in.
candescent lights. Last year we began
the construction of a six horse power
engine, wnich we will complete this
year. During the third and fourth
years, - while the student has been in
the machine shop, he .has also been
required to give daily receitations in
the philosophy of machinery, solving
problems that usually arise in the work
of a mechanical engineer, the practical
operation of the steam engine."
"Will you compare for us, professor,
your course of instruction and the work
of an apprentice?"
"It would hardly be expected that
the amount of time given by the stu
dent to any one trade in this institu
tion would take the place of an ap
prenticeship In a well regulated shop.
T let riftt Atii nhot 4-st an?li a atnAnt
a trade in any of the productive sci
ences, but we do claim that our'conrse i
will benefit him and give him many
advantages over the ordinary appren
tice, and in the matter of time, takes
the place of from one to two years
of his apprenticeship, and taken alto
gether with the mind discipline he re
ceives in this department, as well as
the other departments here, gives him
many advantages.
"Yes, as you see, we have been mak
ing a goodly number of improvements.
In the first place Our old engine was
too small, and has been replaced by
a forty-horse power engine. To the
blacksmith shop we have added six
new forges, and we can now accomo
date sixteen students in that depart
ment at one time. We have just set
up a new iron planer in the machine
shop. In moving the printing depart
ment from the old building to the new
it gives us more room in the wood
working department.
"From a mechanical student who has
completed my course, I expect him to
be qualified to begin a short appren
ticeship nnderstandingly, and with his
scientific knowledge, soon equip him
self as a practical mechanical engineer.
From an agricultural student who has
completed his course with me, I expect
him to be able to repair his own farm
machinery; to do his own mechanical
drawing; to do his own carpenter
work, and in short, his field of use
fullness to himself is almost unlimited.
Ho is thoroughly prepared to work
profitably for himself, and if employed
for another, is the most profitable rer
son that can be hired."
The printing department is located in
this building, and is under the super
vision of Mr. H. R. Clark. This de
partment does all the college and sta
tion printing, and gives industrial in-
THE OIHL'S
struction when desired.
THE HORTICULTURAL DEPART
MENT. Early in the morning of our third
day we again betook ourselves college
ward, and the first man we met on
the grounds was Prof. Geo. Coote. in
structor of this department. Mr.
Coote is a practical horticulturist, and
has under (his charge, besides the
green houses and college campus, some
56 acres in fruits, vegetables and ex
periment plants. The green houses
comprise an area of 2,800 square feet,
and in them a visitor can well spend
a half day in observing the meth
ods of green-house Horticulture, prop
agating, potting, planting and ?vslti
vating flowers. Mr. Coote has 414
named fruits under his care for dif
ferent experiment tests. Our call
was rather hurried on account of
Mr. Coote's state fair exhibit occupy
ing his time.
"The purpose of my department,"
said Prof. Coote, after we had gone
the rounds, "is to instruct .practically
students in Horticulture land horti
culture as a science. We take up
the propagation of large and small
fruits; orchards, their planting and
cultivation, including the renovation
of old orchards; budding, grafting,
nursery care, raising trees and plants
from seeds, and harvesting fruits and
vegetables. Our green houses are
well equipped for the study of Hor
ticulture, which is for the girls only.
The girls are very eager to get to
thjs part of the work and enter into
it with a great deal of enthusiasm,
and the course is too short for them.
The culture of flowers and laying out
of grounds is very fascinating to
them.
"In our horticultural studies .the
students are given practical instruc
tion in application of the texts, be
sides they have the advantage of all
our experiments seeing them carried
on.
EXPERIMENTS OF THE DEPART
MENT. "Yes the first thing I undertook was
the renovation of the old college or
chard, which when I began was a
typical 'old farm orchard' and it is
now better than any young orchard
five years old. How did I do it
By systematic cultivation, in the win
ter months to a depth of about eight
inches, and in the summer about four
inches. Te key to successful reno
vation of old orchards is cultivation,
careful pruning iaud attention. It
requires about three years to renovate
an old orchard, or two years more to
replant one.
"I have tried 55 varieties of peach
es on the college grounds, and out of
that number of varieties I have found
none successful. There are localities,
however, in the Willauvelfe valley
where peaches can be abundantly
and profitably grown.
CAUTHORN HALL.
"This season we have taken notes
upon the dates of poleuization of
fruits for the purpose of cross fer
tilization. We have the fact demon-
strated that by, fertilizing one pear
with the polen of another larger va
riety its size is increased, while it
quality Is not affvtal. Is Hie ex
periment of cross-fertilization an un- i
limited field of improvement . in all'
native fruits is opened. Native
fruits, are hardy and adapted, but
want the introduction of quality.
"Another practical demonstration
here, has been that we can raise early
cabbage. I plant my cabbage seed in
September, and by the last week In
May we have early cabbage, or just
as early as California cabbage reaches
our market.
'I have tested many new varieties
of vegetables, and when found better
than '.hose ordinarily used, scatter
them out among farmers. Seventy
five varieties of 1' s Ji-awberries have
been tested, and out of them I have
found three varieties, the Haverland,
Dutter, and Mieheal's Early, which
are far superior to any variety now
grown here. Likewise we have test
ed 45 varieties of gooseberries, and
from that number find the Industry,
the Oregon Champion, and Smith's
Improved, superior varieties.w
THE BOTANICAL DEPARTMENT.
Although our space is limited we
cannot overlook the importance of
this department to the farmer. This
department of the college is under
Prof. Moses Craig, who answered all
our little questions and showed us
through, but by this time we had
got used to opening our eyes in as
tonishment, riant physiology is of
the greatest importance, to the student.
The object of this instruction is very
like that of human phys iology. As
a plant's physician, a student must
kuow its physiological structure; this
is taught hiin here. Cellular structure
is made clear from spo to full de
veloped plant, by means of themicro
scope, cllarts and enlarged models
made of gelatin. Our plant physician,
the student, when he understands a
healthy plant am its cellular con
struction can readily detect a dis
eased plant, thus making use of this
inestimable knowledge. In the study
of forrestry their cellular strength is
(shown mountings) of (every specie.
The student is tit ugh t the classifica
tion of plants; how to mount and
preserve them for reference. The de
partment lias some ten thousand speci
mens, of probably five thousand spe
cies. "The main object of our course,"
II ALL.
said Prof. Craig, "is to develop the
power of observation. When he lias
completed the course, we expect him
to know when his plants, trees or
crops are diseased; what the cause
is and remedy; to be able to classify
any ordinary plant and its adapta
bility to climatic conditions and soil."
This department is very interesting
and lack of space is regretted in
which to do it justice.
THE DEPARTMENT OF HOUSE
HOLD ECONOMY AND HYGIENE.
Lastly we visited Miss Margaret C.
Snell, the instructor of this depart
ment, at her home. Miss Snell is a
very entusiastic practical worker and
instructor among her girls. Last year
AO girls received instruction in her
department daily.
"The object of my department.
said she, "is to teach young ladies
how to cook; family higiene how to
take care of their own health and
that of a family; how to furnish a
home; how to make her own clothing,
and the principles - underlaying 'these
branches.
"Yes. sure, there is an art, a sci
ence, and chemistry of cooking. An art,
or rather an artisans . work, and re
quires a great deal of practice to
make perfect. It is remarkable how
awkward some of my girls are when
: they come, to me, even in measuring
a teaspoonful of salt and similar
things I ask them to do. A science,
for many persons make it a life study
and the proper and wholesome prep
aration of food is no small matter in
a home. A chemistry, for there are
many changes that take place in food
in preparation. The chemical changes
in yeast, sour milk, and bread are
instances.
"In cooking they have twenty les
sons or lectures, practically illustrated
in the kitchen.
"Health is of great importance, and
but few things contribute so much
to the welfare of a family. A course
of lectures Is given of the principles
underlying hygenic living.
"Our course of sewing extends
through one year, including a book
of samples, and conceding with some
finished-garment. Every girl should
know how to make her own clothing.
"A course of lectures Is also given
on house furnishing. This is really
a science and the principles under
laying it are made a study. There are
a number of rules taught, hich bring
out taste, harmony and good effect
in house furnishing which every wo
man should know.
"O yes my girls take to the course
of industrial work very readily, and
are very much interested.
It is noble to work; it is the onlv
way a woman can be truly happy.
Luxurious idleness brings unhapp
ness. I think a woman who knows
, how to care for her own home work
Is far more charming and beautiful
than one who does not have this
practical knowledge. Education
should not place us above housework.
Why, I like to do my housework
much better than before I attended
school, and I have given 15 years to
seminary work. The truly happy
woman is she who knows how to
dust, washes, sweeps, cooks and sews.
I shall 1m only too glad to give my
life's influence to euoWing work."
We found . Lieutenant Dentler in
his, commodious suite of rooms in
Canthorn hall, the boys' dormitory,
of which he has supervision. Lieu
tenant ., Dentler . was radient with
smiles and received "ye scribe" as
cordially as could be expected of one
about to launch life's ship on the
blissful waters of matrimony. To
talk with him was only to convince
us of his great qualifications as com
mandant of the cadets, which posi
tion he at present holds under detail
from the U. S. army.
Lieutenant Dentler, we would like
to have you tell the Gazette, for Its
readers, the origin of the military
department; how it Is maintained and
in whose interest
"Well, you know, in December, 1893,
congress passed laws authorizing a
detail of 100 commissioned officers
to colleges for the dissemination of
military knowledire. and it was un
der this law that I was sent to the
Oregon Agricultural college. Allstate
igrmmural colleges are required by
rh government to have military de
partments, and it is for this purpose
that the 1I0 officers are detailed and
sent it by the government AH the
state agricultural colleges are endowed
Dy tne government, and this college
will receive eventually from that
source $40,000, and as a return for
this outlay, it requires the college to
maintain a military department. The
detail of each officer is for four years.
out so far as the college is concerned
it is continuous, as when my detail
is over, there will be another officer
who will continue the instruction the
same as I have begun it. We receive
our pay direct from the government
the same as any army officer.
"The object of this office in dissem
inating military knowledge, is that in
time there will be educated men, who
also have a military education, to
command troops in case of war re
ceive a commission; that there will be
disseminated throughout the country
qualified men to take a commission
and command troops. All these lt0
officers do not go to agricultural col
leges, however. Yale, Harvard and
Princeton ask for military officers.
and have sufficient influence to se
cure them. All the large colleges
throughout the country have depart
ments under the government's detail
for teaching military science and the
art of war. It is through the endow
ment of state colleges that the gov
ernment claims a pledge that they
will maintain their respective mili
tary departments.
"We teach military science and the
art of war as far as we go. the limit
depending upon the time alloted us
by the college authorities. In this
college the authorities have given on
hour each day that Is one school
hour, which is fifty minutes, or five
school hours per week. AH male stu
dents unless physically Incapacitated.
are required to drill and study mill
tary. tactics, the art and science of
war. In a single year a boy does not
progress very much. He may learn
the manual of arms, but that is a
very small part of his military educa
tion. But a boy who stays here for
four years ought to be able to take
a commission iu the national guard
and in fact he is qualified to take com
mand of a company, equip it and do
everything else that is necessary as
well as any one with the same amount
of military instruction. You can read
ily see the advantage he will have
over other men not versed in the
science; he is prepared to take a com
mission and command troops, whereas
if he was instructed he would have
to enlist as a private and in turn
work out his promotion.
"Besides, it is a great advantage to
the government, in case of a war.
to have men educated men who arc
qualified to take a commission and
do good service. Another strong ob
ject of the departments military sci
ence in these colleges is to inculcate
in the minds of their students a ia
triotism: love for our country: honor
to our flag; wha our country is doing
for them and has done for them. So
you can see that every thing connect
ed with my work here is in the inter
est of the national government While
my work is in perfect harmonv with
the colleee, it is for the government
tn teaching military science. It
expected that I will give as much
time to higher military instruction as
possible. A portion of the time
throughout the - year is devoted to
theoretical study and recitation work
as well as practical instruction. We
are somewhat handicapped here by
not having an armory, in as much as
mere is so much wet weather. Still
we get good results from the practi
cal instruction given."
THE BEST PAID AUTHOR.
Rudyard Kipling's seven words for
$1, said to be the highest price paid
any literary man of our times, reads
very small in comparison with what
was paid Judge Paxton for a liternrv
article. Until McLeod came on the
scene, the Read ing Railroad had used
an old sign at the crossing, "Beware of
tne engines and cars," with a mass of
further instructions in small print. In
some suit for damages it was claimed
mat tne warnings were not clear. Mc
Leod went to Judge Faxton, who com
posed this admirable notice: "Railroad
Crossine Ston. TtoIt nmi t .ict,n t"
For this little composition he received
the modest sum of $4,780, or over
$796.60 a word. When it conies to
emoluments, the poets are not in It
with the lawyers. Springfield Repub
lican.
A VACATION IN BED.
A popular novelist says that nothing
equais a aay in Dea. It is better than
a holiday at Coney Island. Spend the
whole day in bed, and then, next morn
ing, jump into a cold bath. This treat
ment will make you feel as if you have
been a week at the seaside.
THE PORTLAND MARKET.
Portland. Sept 19.-Flour Portland,
Salem. Cascadla and Davton, $2.40
per barrel; Walla Walla. -?2S5.
Oats The market Is quiet and weak
at figures: No. 1 wllire feeil r.iitu at
30c on track, and good winter grey
irom zoc to ic.
Barley Feed barlev is minted at (inc
per cental. Brewing is worth SOc per
cental, according to quality..
Millstuffs Bran. S13: shorts
chop feed, $15 to $17.
liny Good, $10 to $11 per ton.
Butter Fancv creamerv. ITie to t7 1.2
per pound; fancy dairy, 20c to 22 l-2c
per pound; fair to good, 15c to 17 l-2c;
common, 12 l-2c.
Cheese Oreeon. fair. Se t. ifte noi-
iwund; Swiss, imported. 30c to 32c.
Onions Oregon, lc per pound; yel
low. 1 l-4c per pound.
1 oultry Old chickens 'are quoted
from $3 to $3.50; .young. $1.50 to $3;
Young ducks are nominal at $2 to $3.
iggs resh Oregon are firm at 20e.
Melons Watpr melons nr worth
from 75c to $1.75; casabas, $2.50.
Fresh fruit Pn
-., - . , ...
to oOc per crate; Oregon apples bring
from 50c to 75c Der box: nuinces. -Or
egon, SOc to $1. .
Provisions V.Astwrn lms inmliiim
14c to 141-2c per pound; hams, picnic,
11c to 12c; breakfast bacon, 14 l-2c
to 15 l-2c. .
Wool Valley: 7c to 9c. according to
quality; Umpqua, 7c to 9c; Eastern Or
egon, 6c to 7c. " .'
Hops There is no settled market
price. Dealers anticipate opening at
7c to 9c. -
NEW YORK PHALANX
Eepublican Convention
at Saratoga.
Splendid Platform Form
ulated.
The Democrats Scathed in Un
measured Terms for Blunders
and Failures.
SARATOGA. Sept IS. The state re
publican convention called to nomi
nate a full state ticket, was rapped to
order here today at 12:40 p. m. Hon.
Lemuel Ely Quigg, of New lork city,
was made temporary chairman. Tem
porary Chairman Quigg, in his ad
dress, arraigned the democratic party
for the passage of the new tariff law,
and denounced the machine democra
cy of New York city. He said the
outlook for the republican party in tne
coming election was encouraging. The
convention at 1:35 took a recess until
4:30.
The convention reassembled at 4:50
p. m. Hon. Warner Miller was made
permanent chairman. Congressman
Payne, chairman of the committee on
resolutions, presented the platform,
which extends greetings to the repub
licans of Pennsylvania, Oregon, Rhode
Island. Vermont and Maine, "for
their prompt and just judgmeiit of an
incompetent kleinoerauc admiuistra
tion." National affairs are referred
to as follows: "The democratic pres
ident of the United States and the
democratic chairman of the ways and
means committee of the house of rep
resentatives have announced that a
war against the protected industries
of the country has but just begun ami
it is to be prosecuted to the bitter end
On la'half of the wage earner, the ag
riculturist, the business man, and of
every sacred interest in the empire
state of the Union. The republican
party of the state of New York in
convention assembled accepts this
challenge and pledges itself to defend
her against all assault on the rights
of the workingman and his employer,
both wantonly invaded by reckless
demagogues."
Then follows an arraignment of the
democratic administration, declaring:
Its most important achievement thus
far has been fitly characterized by th
chief executive as one of perfidy and
dishonor. It has rewarded the largest
contributors to Its campaign fund by
the best of foreign missions; denounc
ing trusts, it permitted one of them
to formulate its tariff bill; promising
continuance of the vigorous foreign
policy established by the lamented
Jas. G. Blaine, it substitutes "a policy
of infamy," iu which Hawaii was
freely offered up; denouncing the
Sherman act as a cowardly make
shift it was enabled to repeal the
silver purchasing clause of the act
only by the help of republican sen
atrrs; arraigning protection as ?
fraud upon labor, it passed a mongrel
protective measure so .tainted with
scandal that it barely escaped the
veto of a democratic president; advo
cating free raw materials, and ex
tension of our foreign trade, it de
stroyed all profitable reciprocity ad
vancemeuts made by President Harri
son: pledging Itself to the payment of
"just and liberal pensions it treats
union soldiers as if the G. A. R. badg
was a badge of beggary and brigand
age; pledging retrenchment, it ex
ceeded the last republican congress
by $27,000,000 in the face of decreas
ing revenues and after it had added
$50,000,000 to the public debt; while
pretending to be In favor of individ
ual freedom, it hastened to enact an
odious income tax force bill, empow
ering deputy collectors to enter the
homes of citizens and compel them by
threats of official summons and heavy
penalties to disclose their private af
fairs. "We denounce the Northern
democratic congressman for permit
ting Southern members to protect the
chief products of their section, while
removing or largely reducing the pro
tective duties on the products of the
North.
"We" favor an honest dollar and op
pose any effort, whether by removal
of tax on state bank issues, or the
free coinage of silver, to lower our
currency standard and we favor an
International agreement which shall
result in the use of both gold and sil
ver as circulating mediums.'
The vote for governor stood : Morton.
532 1-2: Fassett. 69: Woodford. 40
Butlerfield. 29; Russell, 20; Bliss, 4 1-2.
and Askell, 1.
The nomination of Morton was then
made unanimous, each opiHisiug can
dldate making short speeches, pledg
ing him their support
Judge Saxton was nominated for
lieutenant governor and Haight was
nominated for judge of the court
of appeals. The convention then ad:
journed sine die, at 2:10 a. m.
BITERS BADLY BITEN.
GORIN, Mo., Sept 18. The Colorado
and Utah express on the Santo Fe
was held up by robbers at 3:30 a. m.
today. As the railroad and express
officials had a spy on the trail of the
bandits, when they stopped the train
they met a hail of buckshot and bul
lets, and it is said that at least two
are dead in the surrounding woods,
while as many othei-s rode for the
rendezvous, 21 miles away, riddled
with bullets. They shot "Dad" Pres
cott, the engineer, before they even
gave him a chance to hold up his
hands. His wonnds. it is lelieved, will
not prove fatal. When the train left
Chicago at 5 o'clock last evening, the
railroad and express detectives, all
walking arsenals, climbed on at every
station. Among them were Chief De
tective J. J. Kenny, of the Santa Fe,
and J. A. Matthews, who has been
acting as a . spy for two weeks and
getting news of the robbers plans.
TJie latter brought the news that the
robbers early in the day decided to
leave their hiding place, near Mem
phis, at '8-30 o'clock last night, and
make their third attempt to get rich
at the expense oT the express compa
ny. They expected fo make a haul of
at least $50,000.
As out from between two high em
bankments, just one mile from Gorin,
sped the train, there came the looked-for-
signal, and not 5) years away
jwas the swinging of. a red light
Witnm 20 seconds the tram was at a
standstill. Out from the dense under
growth north of the track came four
forms, the face of each hidden by a
black 'mask. One rushed to the en
gine almost before his companions
could reach the express -car. Within
ten feet of the tender he pointed a
rifle, at "Dad" Frescott, the white
bearded engineer, and, as be shouted.
Hold up your hands." Dulled the
trigger. "Dad" fell to the floor with
a bullet in his right breast With one
bound Kenny gained the top of the
tender, and bringing his gun to his
shoulder, sent a shower of shot al
most into the face of the man. How
the fellcw managed to move six inches
is a mystery, but he did and made for
the woods. The shot which laid En
gineer Preicott low was a signal for
a fusilade, and also the signal for the
hasty retreat of the robbers to the
shelter of the timber.
The Santo Fe and Wells-Fargo offi
cials received a tip of the contem
plated raid nearly three weeks ago,
and every night since then not less
than half a dozen secret service men
have been on the train until the dan
ger point was passed.
u. U. Wilson, a Pullman car con
ductor, said: "Such a scramble for
safe places I never witnessed. Women
were frantic In their endeavoi-s to get
out of the way and men no less eager,
showing as much fright as they pos
sibly could display. Some lav flat
on the floor, others barricaded them
selves in their berths or got under
neath while others ran frantically up
and down the aisle, apparently be
wildered One man. probably 50
years of age, when the shootiig be
gan to be fierce, knelt down in the
aisle and prayed long and loud for
deliverance."
$388,000 IN WAGERS.
LEXINGTON, Ky.. Sept. IS. Offic
ial returns by counties show m;t plu
rality for Owens, but Breckinridge's
manifesto is understood to moan that
the district committee on Saturday,
will be Instructed to go behind the re
turns made by the democratic commit
tee. Breckinridge men here have a
majority of the county .commissioners
but they were not disposed to go be
hind the returns from the precincts.
Owens men claim that frauds were
against them Instead of In their fa
vor, and that money was being used
to get the district committee to reverse
the returns of the county committee.
There is over $8SS,000 in the district
in wagers and those who put up money
on Breckinridge are anxious for con
test proceedings.
JONES NO POPULIST.
San Francisco. Sept. 18. C. C. Pown
Ing of Reno, New, is in this city. Jn
an interview he stated that Senator
John P. Jones had indicated his fu
ture course to his friends. He says
Jones has not joined the populists,
but has gone over to the silver party
of Nevada. In the meantime Jones
will disregard the demand of the state
republican committee that he resign,
because that would give Governor Col
cord an opportunity to appoint a re
publican as Jones' successor. For that
reason he will wait until the Nevada
legislature meets and then resign, of
fering himself as a candidate to servo
out his own unexpired term.
CARBINE SHOOTING.
Bellevue, Neb.. Sept. IS. The annu
al carbine competing of the depart
ments of East Platte and California
opened today, some surprising' records
being made. One result Major Lind
say, first lieutenant, ninth cavalry,
won lt4. Miller Toler, sergeant Co.
D ninth cavalry, second; Jacob Stultz.
sergeant troop C sixth cavalry, 153;
third, R. A. Bradley, sergeant company
G fourth cavalry. 153; fourth, A. Ba
ker, sergeant troop C, sixth cavalry,
153, fifth.
TH E "GRAIN WORLD.
New York, Sept. 18. Hops quiet.
Liverpool. Wheat steady; demand
moderate; No. 2 red winter, 4s 31-2d;
do spring, 4s 6 l-2d.
San Francisco. Wheat shipping 80
to 82 1-2 milling. Walla Walla wheat
is still on the market seeking custom
it 70 cents for fair average, 60 to 65c
tor No 2 and 40 to 50 lor off grade.
ALLEGED OBSCURITY.
Washington. Sept. 18. The recently
published book, entitled "If Christ
Came to Congress" has been detained
"n the mails, pending an investigation
by the postoffice authorities of al
leged obscentity of the publication.
The author is M. W. Howard, of Al
ibaiua. who expects to be nominated
for congress by the populist conven
i ion tomorrow.
TI 1 K DEAD EN( 1 1 X E E It.
Washington. Sept. is. Major Thom
as Turtle, one of the best known otfi
eers of the engineers corps of the army,
died here today aged 50 years.
MORTON CAPTURED IT.
Saratoga. N. Y., Sept. 18.-Ex-vice-president
Morion was this afternoon
nominated for governor by the state
republican convent ion.
Krausse Bros.
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hour of the dayl - - ,,
THE PRECIOUS STONES.
Where They Come from and
Whafi
They Signify. -
The best opals come from Hungary.
Black pearls are the most valuable,
then pink and yellow, then white.
Pearls are steadily increasing In price;
they- cost three times as much as they
did ten years ago. A pearl which
could have been bought for $1,000 In
1884 is now worth $3,000.
The American turquoise Is the best.
In value this lovely blue jewel ranks
below the diamond, ruby, or sapphire,
but its popularity as a ring ornament
never wanes. The Persian turquoise
fades when exposed to light, and turns
a dull green. Blue is the favorite
color of the Persians.
Every jewel has a peculiar signifi
cance. Each is a favorite in a certain
month of the year: January garnet,
constancy. February amethyst, sin
cerity. March bloodstone, courage.
April diamond, innocence. May em
erald, success in love. June agate,
health and long life. July cornelian,
contentment. August sardonyx, mat
rimonial felicity. September chryso
lite, antidote against madness. Octo
ber opals, hope. November topaz, fi
delity. December turquoise, pronper
ity. The v-ilue of precious stones pro
duced in the United States last year
was $300,000. The export of diamonds
from South Africa averages annually
about $20,000,000. There are 25,000 dia
mond-diggers employed there. A dia
mond is a crystal of pure carbon, and
as such i safe from Injury by acids.
It is very brittle; few precious jewels
are more so. Only one pure blood-red
diamond has ever been found.
The topaz is nearly transparent. The
yellow topaz comes from Saxony, the
white from Siberia, the pale blue from
Brazil. False topaz is yellow quartz.
Chrysolite, too, is often used to imi
tate topaz. The topaz was once one
of the most popular of precious stones
in fashionable use, but it has declined
much of late years in the public esti
mate of its beauties.
These are the weights given by a sta
tistical authority, of the si'" largest
known diamonds: Koh-i-noor 103 car
ets: Star of Brazil 125, Reganit of France
136, Austrian Kaiser 139, Russian Czar
193, Rajah of Borneo 376.
The red variety of the garnet Is tha
most common, but violet, green, and
white garnets are not altogether
rare. Bohemian garnets ars dark,
bli-od-red in color, and in tti largest
sizes aa-e very valuable. CInnaimon
rubies, so called, are garnets.
Except in color, the sapphire Is the
same stone as the ruby, but leas rare.
When of fine quality it is as valuable
as a diamond of the same size. The
choicest shade is blue.
The breaspjlate of the 'high prieat,a)9
decribed in the forty-ninth chapter of
Exodus, was made of gold, blue, pur
ple and scarlet Upon K were set four
rows of precious stones. In the first
rovv wiere topazts of sevcjral varl-etias.
In the second row there were an em
erald, a sapphire, and a ruby. In tlhe
third row there were an agate and an
amethyst. In the fourth row there
were a beryl, an cnyx, and a japer.
They were enclosed In ornamental
v. ork of gold, the girdle being held to
gether by strands of linen.
The ruby is, next to the diamond.
' the most valuable of precious tones.
The most popular is "pidgeon's iblood."
The color varies from rose to crimson.
The ruby, jewelers say, is extensively
imitated. The Brazilian ruby is a to
paz; the Cape ruby is a garnet. The
true ruby will scratch either of them,
and may be thus distinguished.
EARLY MOULTING HENS.
As a rule, when the hens begin to
- moult early in the summer, they
cease to lay, the result being that they
are at once sent to market as no longer
profitable. This is a mistake for all
hens must shed their old feathers and
take on new plumage, some beginning
early in the summer, while others do
not commence until late in the fall, but
the process requires about three
months' time. In other words, a hen
lakes one-fourth of the time during
the year to moult, giving her a period
for laying not exceeding 300 days at
the maximum. The moulting period
has something to do with winter lay
ing. Granting that three mouths
time must be lost it is plain that if a
hen begins to moult the first of August,
MUST BE WELL FIXED.
Topeka, Se!t. 18. A story is afloat,
1 in financial circles, that A. A. Robin
son has boon offered the presidency
of the Atchison system at a salary of
$60,000 a year, but that he has de
clined, saying: "I will accept no po
sition with the Santa Fe until It lias
been thoroughly washed and dried."
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