The Corvallis gazette., June 26, 1891, Image 3

I . 9
VTHE COitVALLtS GAZETTE, i?ftliA, JUNE 26, iSDL
Highest of all in Leavening Power.
ABSOULTELY PURE
SALUTATORY AND POEM ON PRIDE,
(Read by Anna Allen, of the class of '91.)
The pleasant duty you Be,
Hu (alien to me,
Of welcoming you, one and all;
To our elan day graduation,
One of the happiest in creation,
W welcome young, old, great and small.
First we welcome the board.
For yon all have heard,
How they go to the legislature,
T help pass the bill
And others to kill.
And thus get our apppropriation.
We welcome you our teachers gladly,
Who were so kind when we acted badly.
And often tried your patience sore;
Who helped us o'er the rough places,
But never laughed ateur disgraces,
And opened torus wisdom's door.
So oar thanks to you we'll give.
And in our hearts your names will live,
Forever and forever,
And will remember when examinations came,
Because we failed we were to blame,
And can forget it never.
And our dear old classmates too,
With heartfelt joy we welcome you,
Your names we will not mention;
For soon in this place you will be,
So take heed of all you see,
And give the strictest attention.
To yon, our parents and our friends,
A cordial welcome we extend,
We greet you all with gladness.
And may this day so rainy and drear,
lie filled with sunshine and good cheer.
And joy unmixed with sadness.
So Board, teachers, classmates, parents and friends,
Who have these exercises come to attend,
We greet you every one.
And hope the few words which I have to say
Will-be taken by you in the intended way
And not put a misconstruction.
The subject which I have chosen,
Hope you will not aweary grow.
For my subject is Pricie and applies not to one,
But touches alike, high and low.
There are the people, who are proud of their rank,
And proud of their ancestors too,
Who distinguished themselves in war.
Or in some way we never knew.
There are those who are proud of talents,
Beauty, wealth, and accomplishment.
And is mauil'ested by distance, reserve,
And very often contempt.
There are those too proud to know their friends,
Often their own father or mother.
But when the world has forsaken them.
Will be glad to know none other.
In general, proud people think.
And live for themselves alone.
They think they are discussed
By all and every one.
As a certain writer says.
And I like the exclamation,
"He who lives for himself alone,
Lives for ths meanest man in creation.
It is often the effect of ignorance.
And how plainly we see it shown.
In the man afnud to accept a position
in another sphere than his own.
There are as good men engaged in humble employ
ments. As those engaged in the highest.
See! how many who begin at the foot of the ladder,
Are now considered our wisest.
Do not think for a single moment
That 1 would Depreciate
The honest pride we should all possess.
But will ininiedidtely stat ,
That It Is.the Pride which places one person
Above another that I think wrong.
For besides it makes a man stu boom,
And hard with him to get along.
Pride and poverty combined,
Hake a man's life up hill labor,
A struggle to keep up appearances,
And to bide it from his neighbor.
He fights with poverty on one hand.
And proud ambition on the other,
In order to be something -great,
And to outshine his brother.
When company comes they serve
Frosted cake and red wine,
And in the kitchen, dry bread rnd coffee,
Which they say is fine,
But is really unworthy the name,
And know you all will agree.
Of that beverage all could possess,
I B hard work and economy.
Broadcloth hides the ragged clothes,
The tatters ile not show,
And the misery that is covered up,
, How litttle do know.
Abroad their faces will beam with smiles,
At home all tears they'll be.
Fer the most ill sorted companions,
Are Pride and Poverty.
Charity is often confounded with pride,
As both feed the poor of the land,
But Charity gives her glory to God,
, While Pride takes hers from man.
When the dew is on the flowers,
They droop their heads and leaves,
But man only holds his the higher,
I The more that ne receives.
Ia the wonderful human mind, '
There surely cannot be.
Two feelings more the opposite,
, Than Pride and Humility.
While Pride will harden the heart,'
Which w knew It does quite often.
Both the temper arid disposition,
Humility will soften.
As likeness he gets love,
Men should love one another.
Therefore Pride produces Hate,
j For proud men hate each other.
Some people accuse as of being.
What themselves would be.
When if they were ir our places,
j Would be more proud than we.
To quell the pride of the greatest,
We should reflect how little we owe
To ourselves and how much to others,
j And help them bear their woe.
And coalffffier only realize
How inert their time is here.
And one did not feel above another,
Their life would be less drear.
And when you are dying what difference
Can it possibly make to you,
If you die in a hut or palace,
' IX your life has been good and true.
For its the soul that goes to heaven,
And not that, .body of clay,
It flies away and leaves it
I To crumble and decay. -
"In Pride, reasoning Pride our error lies,
All quit -their sphere and rush ii to the sky;
Pride still is aiming at the blessed abode,
Hon would be 'angels' and "angels' would be Gods."
DRAINAGE.
Graduating essay read at the O. A,
C. by
Jno. Fulton, class of 1891.)
The day is not far distant when the
western farmer must depend upon
.something' else than chance and ver
ginity of soil to yield him remunera
tion that will justify him to continue
agricultural pursuits. As land be
comes .exhausted the diminution of
yield necessitates improvement of soil.
The first step to be taken in this di
rection ja through 'drainage, by which
U. S. Gov Report, Aug. i7 1889.
is meant the art of carrying off water
from soil and subsoil, by means of
open or closed drains. The term
drains being1 generally understood to
apply to closed drains. Scientific in
vestigations are scarcely necessary to
determine whether or not a soil needs
drainage, as the requisition is plain
when land is seen to be filled with wa
ter which has no natural outlet or
other way of removal except by evap
oration. This process of removing
water is slow indeed, and becomes
slower as evaporation goes on, as the
receding water is greatly sheltered by
the surface of the soil from the drying
action of the sun and wind.
When air if) allowed free access to
the roots of plants the O. of the at
mosphere acts upon the organic mat
ter, thus placing within easy reach of
the roots an abundanoe of food. No
two things can occupy the same space
at the same time; when land is in a
saturated condition air and other
gases, necessary for plant growth must
in virtue of the above law be excluded.
Warm rains that would give much
heat if allowed to percolate through
the soil, is prevented from so doing by
the poor conductivity of the cold wa
ter as well as the diminished specific
gravity or weight of the warmer. For
instance, water at 40 having posses
sion of a retentive soil in spring will
not change its position in consequence
of the fall. of warm rains in summer.
Unless removed by evaporation it will
remain stagnant during the summer
and will only give place to winter rains
that supply colder and heavier water
than itseir. Not only are soluble in
gredients of plant food to a great ex
tent carried away by the surface wa
ter from undrained fields, but those
that are left are in such dilute solu
tion that the plant must extract a
great quantity of it or remain scantily
nourished, very much like drinking a
vast amount of water to get a little
coffee. When gvound is saturated j have been consumed in effecting the
with water, manures, wheiher natural (evaporation. Certainly water gives
or artificial, undergo decomposition j the same amount of heat that it ab
very slowly, as it is impossible that O. .sorbs, but so far as agricultural soils
can enter to combine with C. to form are concerned, this does not help mat-C-O.,
and instead of being broken uplt,r3 much as only plants of little val-
into the requisit constituents of food, ;
acids are formed which are very per
nicious to the health of plants, so it
appears, that insufficient drainage,
therefore, deprives the roots of proper
nourishment, subjects them to chilling
temperature, and forces them to ab
sorb a poisonous fluid. . A few of the
advocated points in favor of drainage
are: 1. The absorptive power of the
soil is increased. By this we mean
the capacity of the soil to absorb or
imbibe moisture, caused by the multi
plication of cracks or capillary tubes.
In low undrained lands, during the
warm summer months, when evapor
ation takes place most rapidly, large
cracks are formed sometimes extend
ing to a depth of two or three feet, oc
casioned by the shrinking of the land
as a consequence of the sudden ex
traction of water. When the next
rains come these cracks are filled up
somewhat by what we call the swelling
of the ground, until again by expos
ure to the sun and wind, cracks simi
lar to those of the former season ap
pear. The principle, that if small
cracks are good why not larger ones
better, will hardly apply here, inas
much as these so called cracks repre
sent the capillary tubes of the soil,
and, as capillary elevations and de
pressions, when all other circum
stances are the same, are inversely
proportional to the diameter of the
tubes or, in other words, within cer
tain limits the less the diameter of the
tube the higher the water will rise; by
capillary attraction it stands to rea
son that the greater the cracks or
tubes to a less height will the water
be drawn. These tubes can be so
large that scarcely any rise of the wa
ter is perceptible, and, on the other
extreme they can be so small as to
prevent the passage of water. As
Prof. Johnson says "Just as the
strands of wicking in a lamp must fit
neither too tightly or too loosely in
the socket," in order to the best capil
larv action, so in the .soil there is a
certain, degree of porosity which is
best suited to the lifting of water.
With drained land we find that the re
quired conditions are generally ful
filled as the pulverulent condition of
the ground caused by the increased
condensing surface holds the moisture
;thereby assisting in the prevention
and formation of such chasms, and
substituting in their place very small
ones. This process of diminishing the
capillary tubes is continued until the
whole depth of the soil attains a pow
dered condition not only rendering
land capable of being cultivated at
nearly any time of the year, but also
during the warm season preventing
the rapidity of the evaporation of
moisture. 2. The temperature of the
soil is raised. This is brought about
by allowing the air to enter and tra
verse among the particles of soil.
Well drained ' land may be saturated
for a time after a heavy fall of rain so
that all the passages are filled with
water, but as this descends it is re
placed by air, for where water finds a
channel air can always follow, and
warm air as in summer, circulating
through the soil likewise gives ff its
beat. The temperature of undrained
land is more uniform than that of
drained, being nearly the same winter
iind summer, and corresponds to the
mean annual temperature of the air
in that locality. Besides the amount
of heat obtained by circulating air, a
much greater quantity, that required
for evaporating water or changing
liquid water into vapor of water, is re
tained. The effect of cooling can be
strikingly illustrated by allowing a
few drops of alcohol, or, better still,
ether, to evaporate on the hand, when
a decided sensation of cold is exper
ienced. The same change takes place
in wet soil although in a smaller de
gree, water evaporating less rapidly,
Parkes has given illustrations of the
cooling effects of evaporation. Sup
pose, he says, that the yearly rainfall
is thirty inches, this would amount to
108,900 cubic feet, or 3038 tons to the
acre, per annum, or 298 cubic feet per
diem, i. e., to 84 tons or 18,647 pounds
for each day in the year. To evapo
rate such an amount of water, 2400
pounds of coal a day as ordinarily
used under steam' boilers, would be
needed, or 100 pounds per hour per
acre' throughout the year. As the
specific heat, or powsr of obsorbing
heat of water, is greater than that of
any other substance, whether solid or
liquid, very much more heat is re
quired in order to warm a given
weight of water than would be needed
to warm a similar weight of soil .so
that the arge amount of water which
drains away from the land through
the pipes must represent an amount
of heat .equal to that which would
ue do weU wlth ground in an over sat
urated condition. The heat of
mer and the cold of winter effect it but
a little way below the surface. Drain
ed land, on the contrary, is more ac
cessible to the extremes of tempera
ture, so that the temperature of that
soil corresponds with that of the air,
or nearly so, throughout the respec
tive seasons. This is an important
matter, for however warm and 'genial
the atmosphere may be for vegeta
tion, plants cannot do well if the soil
into which 'their roots penetrate is
much colder than the air. It aids in
the prevention of draught. At first
thought this seems paradoxical. If
land can be drained of surplus water
in a wet season, why cannot this dry
ing action go to a much greater ex
tent in a dry one? Let us illustrate.
If in summertime we fill a glass with
cold water we perceive after a short
length of time that a thin film of mois
ture has collected on the outside of
the glass. This water came from the
atmosphere formed by contact of the
warm air with the cold sides of the
glass, and on this same principle are
plants supplied with moisture in drain
ed lands during1 dry seasons. The
warm air circulates among the cool
particles of the soil and is condensed;
the principle being the same as that
by which we receive water when steam
is allowed to enter a condensor the
worm of which is surrounded by a
colder medium. By this means are
plants supplied with water from the
atmospere. '
Under this head we may remark
that plants not unf requently are burned
for want of water when it is only with
in a few inches of the surface. This
happens more often on low, clayey
lands that have an Impervious sub
soil, causing water to remain stag
nant, and as plants detest poisonous
fluids, they die as a consequence of
the lack of . capillary, moisture.
Drainage increases chemical action.
When soil and subsoil are drained,
rain-water and air have alternately
free access to the various substances
contained therein. These substances,
chiefly Ca-K-Mg-Na-Fe-Mang, are act
ed upon by the H2 Co3 (carbonic acid)
contained in the rain-water, and by
the O of the atmosphere, as well as
that dissolved in the water, the car
bonated water, as carbonic acid is
sometimes called, dissolving out the
alkaties in the form of carbonates
and the oxygen oxidizing the Protox
ides of Fe Mu, etc, to the Peroxides.
All substances in a low state of oxida
tion are perfectly oxidized, or as many
say, "rusted," thereby rendering them
capable of being absorbed by plants.
The above mentioned substances, Ca-K:Mg-Na,
etc., are practically insolu
able in water, but when brought in
connection with H2 Co3, they are rap
idly dissolved. From silicates, which
are amorg the commonest minerals,
such as clay, ordinary sandstone,
flint, etc., potash, soda and other al
kalies are dissolved, as Co2 is a more
powerful acid than silica at the ordi
nary temperature of the soil. As the
expense of draining is considerable, it
will always be somewhat of a draw
back, and not until the farmer is con
vinced that he will receive a dollar in
return for every dollar expended can
he be induced to invest. Not infre
qently force of habit and prejudice are
great obstacles, but when these give
way to reason and the old ruts of an
cestry are abandoned, agriculturists
will not neglect to take advantage of
the assisstance of the friends of Na
ture. The rude work of an unthinking
farmer who scratches the surface soil
with his plow, plants his seed and
trusts to the chances of a greater or
less return, is unmitigated drudgery,
unworthy of an intelligent man, but he
who investigates all of the causes
of success and failure in farming and
adapts every operation to the require
ments of the circumstances under
which he works, doing everything in
his power that may tend to the pro
duction of the results which he desires
and so far as possible avoiding every
thing that may. interfere with his suc
cess, leaving nothing to chance that
can be secured, and securing all that
chance may offer, is engaged in the
most enobling, the most intelligent
and the most progressive of all indus
trial avocations."
Teachers Association The State
Teachers' Association meets at New
port June 30th to July 3d. The ex
ecutive committee consists of B. J.
Hawthorne, chairman and manager;
W. E. Yates, vice-president; Frank
Rigler, secretary; D. "V. S. Reid, treas
urer; J. B. Horning, certificate secre
tary. The local committee at New
port is S. G. Irvine, Samuel Case, R.
A. Bensel, Dr. J. A. Bailey and Wil
liam Grant. The fare will be so cheap
that all teachers can attend. Return
tickets from Albany will be one-third
regular rate, after having paid regular
rate to Newport. On the O. P. to and
from Albany, $2.50. The' Aiion Or
chestra, of this city, and the Apollo
club, of Albany, will be present and
take part in the programme, which
promises to be very interesting. On
the first evening S. I. Piatt, of New
port, will deliver the address of wel
come, responded to by P. L. . Camp
oell; W. E. Yates will welcome the
teachers of Benton county, which will
be responded to by Prof. H. S. Strange,
of Union county. Pres. Van Scoy and
Pres. E. N. Condit will deliver lec
tures, the latter on "Language, Cul
ture." Addresses on the evenings of
the Institute will also be delivered by
R. N. Bell, C. W. Roby, Dr. Ross
C. Houghton and Prof. Thos. Condon.
In the regular institute work D. V. S.
Reid will talk on orthogoiaphy, Prof.
G. W; Walker on corporal punishment,
among the many interesting parts of
the programme.
ENDORSED BY RESIDENTS OF
CORVALLIS.
What the citizens of Corvallis say
about the Pacific washing machine.
We, the undersigned citizens of Cor
vallis have seen the Pacific Washing
Machine work and do most cheerfully
recommend it to all who need a first
class machine. It does its work thor
oughly and in a remarkable short time,
and without any labor so to speak.
It is all that it is claimed to be, and is
the best machine we have seen used,
and does its work better: Mrs. S. N.
Wilkins, W. H. Hartleas, Mis. D. D.
Berman, Mrs. G. Long, Miss Mackay,
Mrs. Zierolf, Mrs. J. McCracken,
Mrs. Georsre Bigham, Mrs. S. J.
Campbell, Mrs. M. J. Mays, A. Capm
bell, Mrs. J. W. Lenger, Mrs. J. M.
Nolan, Miss Thompion, H. Lewis,
Mrs. M. JWells, Mrs. J. B.Lee, Mrs.
J. Mason, Mrs. P. Weber, Mrs. C. C
McBride, Mrs. T. Callahan. Mrs. J.
Burnett, Mrs. A. Hodes, Mrs. Karr,'
Mrs, D. A. Osburn, Mrs. G. Hodes,
Mrs, M. S. Woodcock, Mrs. Julia
Selberg, Mrs. M. Cai-tile, OnJe A. All
phin, Mrs. A. F Hershneu
WHY?
Docs
uperior
Because tliey ate Superior in duality. Finish and Op
eration to any other stove in this market, and the firebacks
are guaranteed for fifteen years, and the pilces are alsd the
lowest. Made in all sizes and sorts,
piSO'S IlEMEDY FOR CATAKKlL Best. Easiest
to use. Cheapest. Relief ia immediate. A cure is
certain. For Cold in the Head it has no equal.
msk-
as ea ss .
It is an Ointment, of which a small particle is applied
WM to the nostrils. Price, 50c. Sold by druggists or Bent
tMasfl by mail. Address, E. T. Hazeltine, Warren, Pa.
DENTISTRY,
J. U.WKLLS, D. D. S..
(Successor to N. B. Avery.)
Ether administered for painless extracti
of teeth. Office over the First Nationa'
Bank.
JHOTEL,
Corvallis, - - Oregon.
. A. CANAN, PRO.
THE OCCIDENTAL IS A. NEW Build
ing, newly furnished, and is - first class
n ail its appointments,
RATES LIBERAL.
fiS"Large Sample Rooms on first floor for
i.'ommercial Men.
$30,000 TO LOAN
N GOOD FARM SECURITY in Ben-
J ton Conntv. Call on or write
STEELE & CO., Albany, Oregon.
PHOTO foughs, Colds. Influenza, Bronchitis,
uUnLO Hoarseness, Whooping Cough, Croup.
Sore Throat, Asthma, and every affection of the
Throat, Lungs and Chest, including Consumption.
Speedy and permanent. Genuine signed " L Butts."
S. T. JEFFREYS.
Attorney at Law,
Deputy District Attorney.
Corvallis, .... Oregon.
PHILIP WEBER,
DA TjERIX
Carpets, Wall Paper, Furni
ture and Bedding;,
CORVALLiS , - ORECON.
G. R. FARRA, M. D.,
PHYSICIAN and SUEGE0N
Special attention given to Obstetrics
and diseases of Women and Children.
Office up stairs in Crawford & Fai ra's
brick. Office hours, 8 to 9 a. m., api
1 to 2 and 7 p. m. 1:13-71.
Benton County
PLANING MILLS,
AND-
ASH AND 000a fflQTQfflf.
W. P. MARTYN, Proprietor.
Doors and Sash kept in stock or made to
order. Mouldings of all kinds in pine or
cedar. All orders will receive prompt at
tention. I guarantee all my work to be
first-class. .-West of S. P. depot, Corvallis,
Oregon. 8 8-tf.
J. M. APPLEWHITE,!!. D..
residence North 9th Street.
H. S. PEKNOT, M D., resilience 4th street, two
doors north of Opera House.
Applewhite & Pemot,
PHYSICIANS AHD SfMGEQHS,
Corvallis, Oregon,
Offices over J. D. Clark's hard
ware store, and at R. Graham's
drag store. Hours: 8 to 12 a. m.,
1:30 to 5, and 7 to 8:30 p. m.
Benton County
a:b:sxri:gj p.
Complete Set of Abstracts of Benton
County.
Conveyancing I Perfecting Titles a Specialty.-
Money to Loan on Improved City
and Country Property.
J L MASELEH CO,, -Proprietors.
MAIN ST., COBVALLISi
sell b6 itiany
Stoves?
saa ts
L. G. AMMAN, M, B,
lIOMQliiPATlllC PHYSICIAN.
OFFICE Over Nolan'n Store, Second arid Monroe"
Streets.
RESIDENCE On Jacltsoii Street, between1 Eighth
ami Ninth.
OFFICE HuiTKS Froifi 8 to' 12' a m., and 2 to 5 and
7 to 8 p. m.
THEP0RTLAND SAVINGS BAN
OP PORTLAND, ORJJGON.
Paid np capital $260,000
Surplus ami profits GO, 000
Interest allowed on savings deposit as
follows:
On ordinary savings hooks. . . .4 per cent per annum
On term savings books. :6 per cent per annual
On certificates of deposit:
For three months 4 per ccftt per annunr
For six mouths 5 per cent per annunjf
For twelve months 0 per cent per annum
FRANK DIOKTJM, President.
1). I. THOMPSON, Vice President,
H. C. STPvATTON; Cashier.
PIONEER
BAKERY!
RESTAURANT.
August ScMoemafl, Prop.,
Meals at all hours.
Fresh Bread Every Morning
Delivered Free before Breakfast.
I BAKE DMLY
The following varieties: American Home
Made, German Milk Bread, French aftd Rye1
Bread, also fresh cakes, pies, buns, etc.
Wedding &'Fancyalc &s
A Specialty. Special attention paid to
orders from abroad. 5:2-m3
From Terminal or Interior
Points the
RAILROAD
Is the Line to1 Take1
TO ALL POINTS EAST and SOOTS
It is the Dining Car Route. It runs
Through Vestibuled Trains Every
Day in ihe Year
TO ST. MDL AKD tniMCfl
(No change of cais) Composed of
Unsurpassed,
mm mm u
Of Latest Equipment,
Tourist Sleeping Cars,
Best that can he constructed and in
which accommodations are both
Free and Furnished for holders o
I'irst or Second-class Tickets, and
Eelgant Day Coaches
A Continuous Line Connecting?
with All Lines, affording
Direct and Uninterrupted
Service-
Pullman Sleeper reservations1
can be secured in advance
through any agent of the
road.
THROUGH TICKETS to and
from all Foints in America
England and Europe can be
purchased at any Ticket
Office of this Company
Full Information concerning"
rates, time of trains, routes and
othef details furnished on appli
eation to any agent, or
A. D. CHARLTON, v
Assistant General Passenger Agent,
: Ho Hi, First St., Cor Washington
r. ,. Portland, Oregon
L E BEACH, Agt. N. p. r. R.,
jOBTHEBM Pacific
Corvallis, Oregop
i'