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About The state rights democrat. (Albany, Or.) 1865-1900 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 1, 1879)
i I V ti - if v. 1 IT S' - Y PUOKKSSIO.VAL CA1U. O. PIPER, Attorney and Counselor at Law, ALBAXV, BIS. p Will practlc Id all of tha Court of (he 8U1. Prompt attention given to col lertioas and conveyancing. Otttoe oo second floor of BrlggV Bolld lag, first door to tha left. ap30 J P. HAC&.LEMAX, ATTORNEY AT LAW, ALUIT, OII94MT. pf Offic up atair in tha Odd Fellow' Temple. i30 p M. MILLER, , ATTORNEY AT LAW, LC BAXOI, OBKUX. Will practice la all tba Courts nf the State, Prompt attention given to coiUjo tloos, conveyance and examinulon of tiUm. Probate business a motalty. apSO J A. YANTIS, Attorney and Counselor at Law, CVBVAIdLIS. mK09M. Will praotlo la all the Courtt In th Stat. Ofiioa In tha Court House. apSO J)m M. CON LEY, ATTORNEY AT LAW, AULA ST, BB4HH. ft9 Office orer the Mechanics' Store. Special attention given to collection. ep30 A. JOHNS, ATTORNEY AT LAW, ALBA BY. ItOOS. ' Office In the Court Houae. apSO J W. KAY BURN, ATTORNEY AT LAW, COITALUI, BlOai. B Special attention to collection of ao 1 tint. Ottioa, one door south of Fisher's JHAS. E. WOLVERTON, Attorney and Counselor at Law, ALBABT. eiCMI. fgIn Froman' Brick, np atalr. ap30 R. N. BLACKBURN, Attorney and Counselor at Law IJ1(. . -MB np tiir in the OM KeH"-Tu-I. Collection a wp-cily. j 30 J K. WEATIIESFORD. (Notary 1'itltlto.) ATTORNEY AT LAW, UktT, OKMM ptr Will practice in all the Court .f the BiLe Special attention given f e 1-e tinna and pmnare matter. OfBoe in Odd Pellowa' Temple. SO j c rowcix. v. a. surer. jpOWELL k BILTEC, Attorneys-at-Law and Solicitors in Chancery, ALBANY, - - OREGON. Collections promptly made on all point Toana negotiated on reasonable term. Offioe in Foster' Bnck. na H. MONTANYE, ATTORN E Y AT T-A."W . AM . HOTARY JPT7J3XIC7. atiiiT,, obso, ST" Office op stair, over John Brisrsr' tore, r im ttrew. J J. BOUGHTON, M. D., ALBtIT, VBEMI. pg- The Doctor I a graduate of the Uni versity Medical Uouexeor ew iors, ana f a late member of Bellevne Hospital uhii CsiWatra nt Nev York. orHiA in rha (Mtv Drnr Store. Reaidenos on south side of Second street, three door east of the ma;n street leading to depot. ap30 JJR. T. L. GOLDEN, Occulist and Anrist, SALtH, a Dr. Golden has bod experience in treating the various dhMwaes to which the Eve and Ear are subjMit, sod feel confi dent of itivinir iniir.(Uia;tion to those who may place theuiaeive under hi eare. -rnau JJ M. 8AVAGB, rilYMCIAII ASI) SURG EOT A1.BAMY, OKCHOt, rJT HsTiog KradaatMl in the Physio Slelil Institute of CiDcfunati, faa located st Altiany. Uses no poisons. 'Office and Kexiil n.vFroraan' Brick (up stain) ap30 J)H. CI. SCHLES1NGER, PHYSICIAS A SI) KUSSEOI, p&- A graduate of Uniremity Hall, of Ger many. Ofiice at hi Drug Store. Resl deoce on the corner of Fourth and Wash' ington streets. a pa jyt B. RICE, M. P., PHYSICIAN AID SUEGEOI J?" Office ud Uir in Mell wain's Brirk KeeidsDee on the street leading to the de- uvj m uv uxAjMiuK ii nut canal. apau Melancholy ad High Spirit. Since the days of the melancholy Dane thero has been a great prf pon- erance of low-spirited men in the world. Hypocondria is a disease of civilisation. It cannot be said to be feature of savago life. It is true the Maylay runs a muck. But he is hair civilized. Moreover, his craze not so much from depression of rits as from a desperate exalta- lon. It is not easy to understand an the phases of eavao lifo. The more familiar phases indicate a joyous peo ple. The savage of the tropics has few cares, rooming seeras to mm more ridiculous than the thoughtfulnees and earnestness of civilized people. n his estimation they are slaves to conventional usages. Why should they be forever at work? Why bould they go through lite carrying tremendous burdens all their days. w hen it is easy enough to recline un der a coeoanut tree and let the fruit drop down as from an opening heaven r V hat is all this enigma oi store clothes, laces, broadcloth and gloomy houses from which the sun is shut as if it were an enemy? Is there to be no freedom from care in the world? Just as these men have accumulated their millions, they die. They could have lived happily with out their millions; lived lives of dreamy indolence without a thought for the morrow, and lived longer by many years than the average dura tion of civilized life. Then as to the food of civilized races. There are so dyspeptics among savages. Tha sun an the free air of heaven work wonders upon him. lie can cat food which would kill a white man, and that without inconvenience. At the same time his roast pig in plantain leaves, cooked by means oi hot stones in the bottom of a hole in the ground, may bo a dish fit to feast the gous. Melancholy is the disease or civili zation. In its mildest form it is sim ply low spirits, depression, undue anxiety touching trivial matters. There is the harassing desire to sup ply the long list of artificial want which civilization has created. And the worst phase of all is that civili zation goes on creating these wants. t cheapens many commodities, but t inserts new desires and creates new articles which a long time only the wealthy few can attain. Tbe ideal standard of living for thousands is to attain as many luxuries as the rich possess. In nine cases out of ten tbe attainment ot great wealth has been made at too great cost. It bas in volved loss of health, and the utter capacity to enjoy it. What is chiefly to be noted is tbe absence of high pirita among the mass of tbe people. Civilization ought to bring more joy ousness of life. The trouble, per haps, is that the very manner of liv ing is too complex. There are too many secrets, too many burdens, and consequently too many anxieties. Tbe insane asylums fill rapidly. Too many die at just that period when they have got ready to live. They break down just past tbe period of middle life, when the faculties are all ripened and tbe individual ought to be at his best. This absence of high spirits is also fatal to wit. It is not likely that there will be an utter extinction of witty people. But they at times bo come so scarce that tbe poorest apol ogy for wit is accepted m deiault ot something better, A writer quoted inetfnctcentk Century bold, the following opinion: m nwincr nnininn' 'I here is now no fan in the world. Wit we have, and an abundance of grim humor, which evokes anything but mirth. JNothing would astonish os in the Midway Inn so much as a peal ' of laughter. A great writer (though it must be confessed scarcely an amusing one), who bas recently reached bis journey s end, used to describe bis animal spirits depre ciatingly, as being at tbe best but vegetable spirits. And that is now tbe way with ns all. When Charles Dickens died, it was confidently stated in a great literary journal that bis loss, so lar from anecting "tbe gaiety of nations," would scarcely be ielt at all; the power of rousing tears and laughter being (1 suppose tbe writer thought! so very common. That prophecy bas by no means been fulfilled. Bat what is far worse than there being no humorous writers arnonest ns, the .faculty of appre ciating even the old ones is dying out. There is no such thing as high spirits anywhere The melancholy oi tne eaucatea m m m I . 1 V . English is the topic of a leading article in tbe same publication. There are hints of over-education. It is said that when an Indian comes in contact with our civilization be is a sadder man. This may be the re sult of a contact with the vices of civilisation. The wits of the world have been men and women of high spirits. Dickens, Thackeray, and tbe circle of English wits who flourished a few years ago, were notably men of great buoyancy of spirit. They bad found the secret zest of lite People will go night after eight to a negro minstrel performance, not so much tor the music, which is gen erally good, as for the jokes and repartees of tbe end men. They take tbe medicine ot laughter as a hearts ease. The apostle of laughter is now wanted in the world the witty man who can drive away the hrst symp toms of insanity, and who can keep a multitude of overburdened hearts from breaking. No doubt be will be consiuoroa an irreverent ioiiow, ana one to bo lightly esteemed by stolid people. Just now ono may count up all the English-speaking wits of the world on his nngors. The best ot thorn have tho world at their bock and call. A witty dramatization in the hands of a good actor will run at a singto thoater a hundred nights. It will bo just as fresh for the next place, as so koen its placo on tbe stage for years. Tbe actor makes a fortune more certainly than he would as an owner of the best gold mine. The writer of a dozen witty stanzas becomes famous all over tho world. The fever patient docs not more cer tainly need quinine than does a joy less people need tbe medicine ot tbe man of wit. Thorofore. let him come and not stand on the order of bis coming. New Barlal of Sir Joha Moore. Not a dram was heard, because the drummer was not feeling very well and asked to be excusod, nor a funeral note of any kind, a his corpse to the ram part we hurried; not a single, solitary son-of-a-gun of a soldier dist!har(rd his farewell shot o'er the grave where the remains of the lute Mr. Moore were da- poaitod. The farewell-shot bnsiuess omitted on account of the scarcity of ammunition. Ve bnned him darkly at dead of night, and did the ltit job we could for him under the circumstances. We could not borrow, beg, or sWl a pick or shovel in the entire neighbor hood, and were obliged to turn the sod with our bayonet, which by the way, was the first thing that had been turned by said bayonets since we had been drafted. We did all this by the struggling moonbeam' misty light, and the lantern dimly bnrning. with just alxmt half enough oil in it. and a strip of an old flannel undershirt for a wick. row and short were the prayers we said, the chaplain being home on a furloufrh, and so one within forty mile t take bis place. We spoke not a word of sorrow, our time being some what limited, as the enemy was not far distant, and advancing with ginntip strides. v e thought, as we hollowed his narrow bed, and smoothed down bis lone lv pillow with a canU-en, that the foe and the stranger would tread o'er his head. and we far away on the billow; but not too far, however, as tbe enemy outnum bered ns alout seven to one. Lightly they'll talk of the spirit that' gone, and wonder where they can got another flask filled with the same, and o'er hi cold aahea upbraid him, knowing of cqprse, that he is in no condition to defend him self; but hell little reck if they let him sleep on in a grave where a Uriton ha laid him. and not bother him to tret up and take out a burial permit, or ask him to pay ground rent We wish here to correct the impression that slowly and aauiy we laia nun uown imra me neiu oi ,i - i iV. , . .i f , - hi fame fresh and gory. We did no such thing. The corpse was washed and put in good shape, and we defy any man to show that there was a drop of gore about turn, it is true that we carved not a line and we raised not a stone, because there was no stone-mason band v to do the job at reasonable figure. About this time we heard the distant and random gun that the foe was aullenly firing, so we adjourned the funeral, left the deceased alone in his glory, a.d mode ourselves scarce m that vicinity. Zsla Frepsratloas for FlgkU When a chief i about to fight with an other, he call hi army doctor, who brines tnuizi. wuicu ne bruises, place in a pot, pours water on it, and then squeezes it with his hand, and mixes it with water. The long tail of a large animal, which is well known, called tbe gnu. Is placed in the vessel, and is used to sprinkle with. The army forms a sami-circle, and no one sneaks: there is perfect silence: for. in- ueea, wnen an army is oeing iea oik io war. no one speaks, even a little: it is XT'S ZT "?h! Socr I - .t.-i.r sprinkles the whole army, going round the wnoie circle. vuen an army bas had this done to it, no one among them may associate with his family at borne; if a man break thia rule, he "kill himself, makintt bis eves dark :" that is. he has made himseii stupid, ne nas tost his sense, so that when be goes into bat tle be must surely be killed, un tne aay when troops are summoned, and assem ble at tbe chiefs headquarters, cattle are always slaughtered. The meat first eaten is black, being smeered with a powder made of dried flesh of various animals leopard, lion, elephant, etc. Tbe Zulus believe bv these medicines to impart the fierce and powerful qualities of the different beasts. The whole force par takes of this wonderful meat before going into battle, that they may be brave and not fearful. When the doctor has finished sprinkling the army, the chief comes into the midst of it, and addresses tbe soldiers, praising the "Amatonpo, or spirits oi ins ancestors. He ends with an admonition to fight as becomes a brave nation; he savs "Troocs of our people who con auered so-and-so. I shall hear of your aoings. ine sun is in tne sky ; I have this day given the enemy into the hands ot such-and-such a reeiment. and I direct you to follow it If you do not conquer, you will disgrace vourselves. My father was a brave : he was never known to be a coward. Let the assegais wound you in front, let there be no wound in the back. If I see you cominor back conauered. I will kill you: you will, find no place for you here at home. I too, am an enemy if you are cowards." Then there would begin leap ing and rattling of spears against their shields ; some shouting and making vows, ana then tne chief dismisses the army. The London Truth bears that the Prince of Wales has recently shown his usual Kindness oi heart in not prosecut- ; . i V i i l . iuk a memuet oi ui nouBenoiu in wnose accounts a very serious deficiency was discovered. The person in question was simply told to leave, bnt was spared the exposure before a magistrate which bis conduct deserved, and for which he had not even the plea of poverty to urge. A private letter from Mr. John Rus sell Young, who is traveling with Gen. Grant's party, says that Gen. Grant has coneiuaeaja visit Australia before re turning to this country, and that he probably will not reach America until tbe spring or loso, llie Days of Jackson. OLD HICKORY'S LAST NIOHT IM THE WHITE - 1IOIHK. When Benator Allen arrived in Wash ington he found the city filled with strangers who cumo from all parts of the country to be prescut at the inaugura tion of President-elect Van Bnren. Among them were a number of leading men from Ohio, and they occupied o much of their newly-elected Senator's time, that it was not nntil late on the night of the 3d of March that he had an opportunity of speaking informally and freely with bis life-long friend, President Jackson. On that night, however, be went to the White House, a Hetiator of the nation, to see the man who, little more thon twenty years before, in the Lynchburg tavern, and laughed over bis boyish curiosity, and wondered at bis ready tongue. Without ceremony, be ing well known to the attendants, be was shown into the President's bed cham!r, Chief Justice Taney and Sena tor Foray the of Georgia, afterward Minis ter to Kxun and Hocretary of Ktate, were already in the room, and Jackson him self active, and to a certain extent rest less, as usual, stood in the middle of the floor smoking a short corn-cob pit. He t'Oiigratnlated Allen warmly npon his election to the K-imte, ami then calling to a young Irishman who acted as his body-servant and waiter, turned to bis visitor and said : Gentlemen, I think the occasion will warrant me in breaking over one of my own rules. Let ns drink a little Ma deira." The wine was brought. Jackson took a small glassful it was the And liquor he ltad been known to touch for seven months and then, ahking his friends to excuse him for a few moments, he fin ished writing a letter npon which he was engaged, scaled, directed it, and light ing bis cob pijwi again, took a whiff or two, and summI watching the lace or a great, tall, old-fashioned clock, which stood in the comer. It was Ave minute i Ix-fore midnight, five minutes before tho lieginning of the day npon which An drew Jackson would ceasn to be Presi dent of the United Htate. Hlowly the minute hand moved ronnd the dial. The silence in the room Iwanw almost pain ful. It was broken by the clear, sharp bell of the clock striking the last hour of a day which had gone forever. Then Jackson, starting suddenly and looking towards his friends, said, with a quick. nervous laugh: " Gentlemen. I am no longer Presi dent of the United StaU-s, but as good a citizen as any of yon." nubseouently be expressed to them a feeling of great relief at the prosxet of escaping from the ofllrial cares which had begun to weigh most heavily upon him, saving to Allen, among other things of the same sort, " I am very glad to get away from all this excitement and bother." That day Van Huron was inaugnrated President of tho United States, and Jock son, at tho end of his second term, left tho White House left it so poor that b was obliged to borrow from his friends $5000 with which to re-build " Hermit age," hi old family mansion, which some time before bail been burned to the ground. After tho short executive session of the Senate which followed the inauguration of the newly elected President, Senator Allen returned to bis home. Of bis scr vine in the Senate, which ia a matter of public record, nothing need be said here. Just before the expiration of his first term be went behind the Legislature, if I may lie allowed the expression, and for the first time announcing the doctrine that a United States Senator was a popu lar representative, went directly to the iwople as a candidate for re-election. The result was that the Democrats hail a handsome majority in the Legislature. and he was re-elected without any oppo sition, in the meantime, Harrison ltad leen elected to the Presidency and had died. Tyler had gone into the White House, and. with the help of Allen and two or three others, had broken np the Whig party. From a Sketch of Win, Allen, in the Afif York Timet. The French Traps Dollab. I in formed you recently of the intention of the French Government to authorize the Paris. mint to coin a trade dollar for cir culation in Cochin, China, whence it was expected soon to make its way into other countries of the extreme ISast. The original idea was that this new coinage should be left to private individuals, who would have first to obtain authoriza- tion from the Minister of the Colonies or the Governor of Cochin, China, but that the Government should not coin for itself. That intention bas apparently been modified, for I now learn that the new coinage has commenced, but for the Government, which recently purchased i . silver jor a sum oi one million oi iranes, ana sent it to tne 1 -taint to oe con' verted into the new"J trade dollars. This coin is of the exact weight and fineness of the American trade dollar. and therefore a small fraction heavier than the Mexican piastre. Although of the same fineness as the t rench 0-frane piece, it does not correspond to any French coin in value, the 5-frano pieee weighing 25 grammes and the new trade dollar 27.2. The value in i rencli legal tender silver coin would therefore be about 5f .44c. The French Government is just now paying particular attention to the circulation in its colonies of the East. Hitherto the English rupee bad circulated Reunion Island at the rate of 2f.5o., or 2s. , concurrently with French coin and other moneys, but an order of the Governor was recently issued pro hibiting the rnpee as a legal tender and announcing that it would cease to be re ceived in the public offices. London Economist. June 2tith, An American writing from Spain, urees tbe shipment of labor-saving implements there. Spanish farmers plow with the end of a piece of wood about five inches thick, as was done iu the middle ages Sowing and reaping machines are un known, and grain is not threshed. Oxen tread it out, and it is winnowed bv worn en who toss it into the air to scatter the chaff. Does Not. Th j man who makes wheels is a wheel-wright, but that doesn't prove iai vue man wno manes alienors is an anchorite, by any means. ia Accused Man Y Indies ted. About the middle of January last, an individual giving the name of William jvieiunsey, came to the residence of Thomas h. Hahn, in Madison Township, a few miles out from Polk City, and en tered into a contract to work for Hahn. Hhortly after that time three days, we iieiieve McKinsey disapjieared, anil would not or could not explain the dis- appearance of his workman. The sus picion of neighbors was aroused, and finally the excitement Ix-eauie so great a to lead to information being filed lefore Sheriff Lendrura, who investigated the matter. The Sheriff found Hahn at work in the timlter some distance from his residence, and when uuestioned concern ing McKinsey he turned deathly pale, and was so confnand a to be unable to make any intelligible reply for some time, when he stated to the Sheriff that he and McKinsey had spent the evening previous to the disappearance Plavintr euchre, and during the game McKinsey laid down hi hand and commenced to pack his clothes, announcing his deter mination to leave the house, but refused to say where he was going. This was at nearly midnight, and Hahn and his wife thought to watch which way he went, but beard no footfalls after getting a short distance from tho house. McKin sey had liargained to work for a year with Hahn, and gave no reason for break ing his contract. After securing tins information from Hahn in the tiinler, the Sheriff thought to visit Hahn'a house, and interview the wife before Hahn could see her, and thus find out if their stories in relation to Uie matter agreed. Oa getting in sight of the house, Lendrnm saw Hahn driving at a furious rate from another direction, but the Sheriff readied the house in time to elicit enough from Mrs. Hahn to show a serious difference in the stories told by huslwind and wife. She stated that it was shortly after dark that McKinsey had left the house, and after answering a few other questions, the husband came in, and she referred all interrogatories tg him, refusing to an swer any herself. After that both par ties seemed very reluctant to talk about the matter, either to officer or neigh bors. Subsequently corresjiondeneo with parties in Missouri elicib-d the in formation that McKinsey' parents lived there, bnt that he had been alment from home for three years, anil no knowledge had been had of his whereabouts till lie went to Madison township. Home time afterward Halm came into the ItrtfMer office and had inserted an advertisement offering a reward of $'25 for any information in regard to McKin sey, but this was regarded at the time as a blind, measnrcs having been taken for his prosecution. Un the 3Hu of March Hahn was bronifht on trial before "Sonire llolnron. at Polk City, and Mr. C. Jiowen, of this city, hi attorney, secured a change of venue to another Justice. Hcveral wit nesses were examined, and some very damaging circumstantial evidence against the defendant was adduced. It was proved that McKinsey hail worked for Hahn for some time, and Uiat he dis apieared on the evening of January linh; that on that same day, Sunday, Hahn bad sworn to have hi heart' blood before he slept Uiat night. It also apjteared that Hahn bail tried to per suade some of bis friends that McKinsey had been a fugitive from justice, and had left suddenly because he had learned that officers knew of his whereabouts. The Justice, however, discharged Hahn on the ground that the evidence was in sufficient. About the same time an effort failed to have him indicted on the same grounds. Meantime Hahn has been working en ergetically to discover some trace of the missing man, and a few day ago who should corns to the house of Hahn but William McKinsey himself, and Tuesday last Mr. Hahn marched him triumph antly into Polk City, exhibiting his long lost hired man in great glee. The gen eral impression among Madison town' ship people had been that Hahn had killed the man and secreted the body. Lovers of Catherine of Russia. Of the aumerouB lovers or favorites of Catherine II., the most celebrated and distinguished was Prince Potemkin. He is said to have been the only man who had ever dareu to make love to her be fore she had given him the signal to do . and that he was truly and romantic ally captivated by her. But this is very diihcuit to oeneve; lor sue was 40 when he first rose to favor. She had grown very stout; thi taken flight; I personal profli the graces of youth bad long ; her life hsd been one of personal profligacy, nnparalled, except perhaps that of the Empress Elizabeth. She was thoroughly cold-hearted, cruel. hypocritical ana seitish. ller vanity was inordinate, and the greatest flattery ac ceptable to her. Siie may, therefore, have Denevea tnat roiemkin. who waa 17 years her junior, was enamored of her rather than of the wealth and honors she so lavishly showered on the man who obtained her favor. Potemkin was poor. and of an humble family of Smolensk. But he was six feet four, extremely hand' some, ambitious of wealth and fume, and as audacious, unscrupulous, and unprin cipaiea as .me imperial mistress nerseu. lie was accu&tonieu to prenent tne cm press with a plate of cherr'es every New Year's day, obtained at an enormous cost. He sent couriers into all the coun trios for nosegays, or 100 miles for a melon, or to Uriraea lor a melon. The Prince de Linge said "there is something barbarously romantic in his character." nis victories increased the . celebrity or the Empress. "Vadmiration ful pour elle." says Segur, "et la haine pour ton MinUtre." til a ji; Li ma ueatn was as extraordinary as ni life. He had spent a whole year in the most degrading dissipation, from which 1. : v. i.i ii' i t i : . : . uib ileum Buuerau, Hoping io roguiu it by retiring to Mcolaien. he set out with his niece, the Countess Branicka, for an estate he had there. On the journey he became worse, and desired to be lifted irom his carriage and placed under a tree on the roadside. Scarcelv bad his ser vants laid him there than, heaving a deep sigh, without uttering a word, he expired. Ae was in bis lorty-seventu year ; nis death took place on the 15th of October, iii. Another of Catherine's most no torious and influential favorites, George Orloff, became insane from the effects, it Is reported, of powerful drugs administer ed by Potemkid. who was jealous of bis conunueu credit wiiu me .empress. Temple &ar. The Mudsill is a campaign paper pub lished in iSevada city. A Bank rapt Coaatry. The 11 condition of Spain's finances is again showed by the reort of the Fi nance Minister as to the bndcret. He es timates the revenue at about 8155.000.- 000, and the expenditure at $158,000 L- i;. lnese annual dencit are the rule in Spain, and her financiers never seem able to better the condition of the treas ury, notwithstanding the large amounts of money wrenched from the Cubans. who bad to pay the expenses of the late rebellion, furnish pocket money to the Captains-General and help support the home govei nment. The public debt of Spain is now over $2,555,000,000, made npof a consolidated debt of $1,10,000,000; bond to the amount of $155,000,000, issued in con sideration of the surrender of church lands: railway bond to the amount of $110,000,000 $50,000,000 of miscellan eous debts; a floating debt of $125,000- 000. and an "interior debt" of $300,000.- 000. A largo portion of these bonds bear interest at the rate of twenty per cent., but for year the bondholders have not received a dollar of interest, a the army and the government absorb every cent of tbe public revenue. Fer dinand VII, in 1823 repudiated Spain' first foreign loan, but Queen Isabella, in 1H1, was honest enough to agree to pay the creditors interest, which was done until 1H37, when the Carlist war began and upset every fiscal arrangement. In 1840 the bondholder agreed to give np a large amount of their claim so a to get the interest on the balance, but that arrangement was broken in 1851, when half the unpaid interest waa repudiated and the balance was reduced. For this erfidy Sjain waa shut out of the money market in Europe. She. however, suc ceeded in borrowing more money in 1807, and then borrowed more to pay the in terest on that. In 1872 the bondholder agreed to take their overdue coupons, two-third cash and the lavbuice in new tionda. Spain made one payment under the arrangement, and has since paid nothing. The report of the Finance Minister. made last Friday, doe not encourage the conviction that the government will ever pay her debt of $2,555,000,000. It ia said that no account are ever laid before the nation; that no opportunity is ever given for an inquiry into the working of lie treasury department, and that the government live altogether by under hand transaction laying a tremendous rate of interest, which is sure to bring tha country into hopeless bankruptcy. The natural resource of Spain are very great, ller mines are exceedingly rich, and her manufacture and agricultural Jiroduct in demand, but the government loe not know how to regulate the finan ces, and ia woefully deficient in enter prise. Tbe army is the great drain on the exchequer, and it ha to be kept np or the Bonrbon would lose their grip on Spain. Isouiwilte VuurierJourntu. Ancient 8hce. Home well preserved protections for the foot, worn in ancient time by the Egyptians, are to be found in the British Museum, made of palm leaves. In one of these, slice of palm leave overlai ping each other from the sole, these be- iqk uouuu securely togeuier oy a aouoie tiand of twisted leaves ronnd the edge. As a inuI to the feet these sandals must have been exceedingly pleasant in a hot climate. The Egyptian sandal varied slightly in form; those worn by the up per classes ami by women were usually pointed and turned up at the end, like our skates. Jewish ladies appear to have paid great attention to the beauty of their sandals, which probably did not differ much from those used in Egypt, excepting, perhaps, that from the greater ruuguues oi weir country uiey were usually of more substantial make and materials. In Solomon s song the bride is thus addressed: " How beautiful are thy feet with shoes, O prince's daugh ter!" And Holofernes, the Assyrian general, was charmed with the sandals worn by Judith of the Apocrypha. The transition of the sandal to the shoe or boot is enveloped in obscurity, and the fashion oi shoes and boot has under gone innumerable changes. The word boot came from the Welsh bate, which means shoes. The poorer Anglo-Saxons had neither stockings nor boots, but wore cloths bound round their legs and Ieet. The soles or the earliest shoes were made of wood. It was illegal 400 years ago for any one in England to have soles more than two inches thick, and the clergy said that such high soles broke the scripture edict: "Thou shalt not add a cubit to thy stature." A method of increasing ladies height by shoes - adopted in the time of Cyrus, for Xeno- phen mentions the wife of Ischomachus as wearing high shoes for that purpose. In Elizabeth's time very high shoes were worn, called the cnomne. She was a woman of low stature. Hamlet men tions the chopine when be salutes one of the lady actors: "What, my young lady and mistress! By'r lady, your ladyship is nearer heaven than when I saw yon last, by the altitude of a chopinel" Hamel described the Venetian ladies as consisting of three parts, one part wood, (meaning their ciopines), one of ap parel, and the third part being a woman. The chopine were termed "wooden scaf folds." in the reign of Henry YJjX shoes grew very broad, to suit his gouty feet, but his daughter Mary got Parlia ment to limit their breadth over the toes to six inches. Long forked shoes were worn in the time of James I. A writer of that period says: "A fashion we have lately taken up is to wear our forked shoes as long again as our feet. vorr, Troy Times. The Governor-General of the Domin ioa has a footman whose dignity is quite too awful. When the Marquis and the Princess were inspecting the Kingston penitentiary this sublime flunkey asked a prisoner: "Aw, my man, what aw you in heah fawY The prisoner, remember ing a venerable story, said that be had been arrested for stealing a saw-null. ."Aw, weally, lor that? said the sur prised servant. "Yes," the prisoner said, "but they did not mind that much It was because I went back after the saw- logs." The Earl of Ashburnham is to be mar ried to -a young American lady, whose name is not yet publicly announced. He is now in his thirty-ninth year, and suc ceeded to the family honors on the death of his father, some mouths ago. Infant Mortality la Hew York. Statistics are not always dry and un impressive, even to the casual reader. The figures which show the rate of mor tality among the little children in arreat cities have pathetic eloquence which can hardly fail to attract the attention and touch the feelings of the most indiffer ent. When the State census was taken in 1875, this city had a population of 1 ,041 ,888. The same year the number of deaths was 30,704, giving us a rate of 20.74 to the thousand inhabitants. It is inordinately high for the whole popu lation. The situation of tbe city is unsurpassed for purnoses of drainage and cleanliness, and it ha at command an ample sup ply of pure water. It ought to be one of the healthiest cities in the world, and yet the death-rate for London for the five years ending with 1878 waa but 22.8 to the thousand. The Itegistar-Gen-eral, after showing the peat improve ment that had taken place in conse quence of a better administration of the interest appertaining to public health, maintained that the rate onirht to be re duced to 20, and might even be brought down to 17. It depends on agencie en tirely within the control of man to make large city, favorablv situated, a healthy a a small one. Of our total population of 1,041,880 in 1875, 128.1C0, or a little over 12 per cent., were children under 5 years of age. Of the 30,704 deaths in that year, 14,848, or more than 48 1-3 per cent., were of chil dren under 5. W bile the rate of mor tality for tbe entire population was 29.47 in a thousand, for these little ones it was 115.84 in a thousand, or about one in nine of tbe whole number. Of these. 8540. or considerably more than one- half, were infant under 1 rear of aire. The whole number being, according to official enumeration, 27,782, it is evident that more than one-fourth of all the hu man beings born in this city go down to the grave before they are a twelvemonth old. The ghastly blight upon the pre cious crop of humanity is not evenly dis tributed over the city or through the year. While the number of death per day varied in January from 73 to 110, of which from 27 to 50 were of children un der 5, in July the daily- number varied irom id to l.x, of which 87 to 105 were of these little one. The average in the heated season is nearly double what it is in the cold months. It is unnecessary to say that the ratio in the crowded and filthy tenement honse quarters is vastly greater than in the more wholesome dis trict of the city, though accurate com parison cannot be made. N. Y. Timet. 5eglect of the Eye. Whatever an ounce of prevention mar be to other members of the body, it eer- -tainly is worth many pounds of cure to tbe eye. Like a chronometer watch, thia delicate organ will stand any amount of use, not to say abuse, but when once thrown off its balance, it very rarely can be brought back to its original perfec tion of action, or, if it is, it becomes ever after liable to a return of disability of fn notion er the seat of actual disease. One would have supposed from this fact, and from the fact that modern civilza- tion has imposed upon the eye an ever increasing amount of strain, both as to the actual quantity of work done and the constantly increasing brilliancy and du ration or the illumination under which it is performed, that the greatest pain would have been exercised in maintain ing the organ in a condition of health, and the greatest care and solitude used in its treatment when diseased. And yet it is safe to say that there is no organ in the body the welfare of which is so per sistently neglected as the eye. 1 have known fond and doting moth ers take their children of four and five years of age to have their first teeth tilled, instead of having them extracted. so that the jaw might not suffer in its due development, and become in later years contracted, while the eye, the most intel lectual, the most apprehensive, and the most discriminating of all organs, re ceives not even a passing thought, much less an examination. It never seems to occur to the parents that the principal agent in a child' education is the eye; that through it it gains not only its sense of methods and ways of existence of others, but even the means for the main tenance of its own; nor does it occur to the parents for an instant that many of the mental as well as bodily attribute of a growing child are fashioned, even if they are not created, by the condition of the eve alone. A child is put to school without the slightest inquiry on the part of the pa rent and much less on the part of the teacher, whether it has the normal amount of sight; whether it sees ob jects sharply and well defined, or indis tinctly and distorted; whether it be near-. sighted or far-sighted; whether it sees with one or two eyes; or, finally if it does see clearly and distinctly, whether it is not using a quantity of nervous force sufficient after a time not only to exhaust the energy of the visual organ, but of the nervous system at large. Harper s Magazine for August. Wonderftji. Precocitt. The most noted case of childish preoocitv ia per haps that of Christian Henry Heinecker, born at lmbeo iu 1721. lie could talk at ten months old; when be had com pleted bis first year he could recite the leading facta in the Pentateuch, and a month later had acquired the rudiments of ancient history, geography and anat-. omy; had learned the use of maps and 8000 Latin words. When two and a half years old he could answer almost any question in geography and history, and before bis death, which occurred in 1724, at the age of four years and four -months, had learned divinity, ecclesias tical history, and other branches of knowledge, and spoke Latin, French, German and Dutch. About a year be fore his death he harangued the king of Denmark, to whom he had been pre sented. In his last moments he dis-. played the utmost firmness, and attempted to console his grief-stricken parents. . The daughter of Prof. Molescholt, the German naturalist, recently committed suicide under painful circumstances. While walking with two ladies she asked whether anybody could be drowned in a shallow pond they passed. On their re plying in the negative, she drew a revol ver from her pocket and shot herself. She was only 17 years of age.