THE SUNDAY OREGOXIAN, PORTLAND, OCTOBER 15, 1923
HUMAN IMMORTALITY IS DECLARED CONFIRMED BY SCIENCE
" r - -
. Conceptions oHaman Estate After Death Vary Widely, But Idea of Survival Has Prevailed in All Ages When Vision of This World Passes Expectation of Vision of Another Is Universal.
BY REV. GEORGE H. BENNET1,
Pastor Patton Methodist Episcopal
Church.
IB jVLAon immortal? This question
is one which cannot be solved
hv t.h PYnprimpnts of inrl net iv
science, as the chemist ascertains
facts in his laboratory, for the soul
ts invisible, intangible, and beyond
the power of chemical analysis.
However, we have -the testimony
of -dying saints who speak of see
ing friends long dead, and angels,
and the Savior. Little children at
the moment of death have spoken
of beholding persons and scenes
which belong to another world. The
dying children certainly were not
prejudiced in this matter, as they
had no knowledge of the conten
tions of materialism, but spoke with
honesty and truthfullness.
Their testimony fully accords with
the words of Revelation, VI: "I saw
underneath the altar the souls of
them that had been slain for the
word of God, and for the testimony
which they held; and they cried
with a great voice saying, 'How
long, O master, the holy and true,
dost thou not judge and avenge our
blood on them that dwell on the
earth?' And there was given unto
each one a white robe; and it was
said unto them, that they should
rest yet a little time, until their fel
low servants also and their
brethren, which should be killed,
even as they were, should be ful
filled." The 'testimony of the dying, and
of the scriptures agree in affirm
ing the conscious existence of the
soul after death. It may be ob
jected this is the testimony of the
living and not of the dead, but it
seems altogether possible for man
to behold both worlds, when he
stands on the borderline between
them.
Visions Prove Nothing.
"We often behold visions of our
loved and lost ones, but they prove
nothing, we visit the grass-grown
graves of our dear ones, but they
do not speak of us nor return to
solve the mysteries of the great be
yond. The great general law laid
down by science and scripture is
this: "They have no more a por
tion forever in anything done un
der the sun." Ecclesiastes, 9:6.
Perhaps some may have returned
by a miracle of God for a special
purpose, but this does not affect the
universal law of nature.
If the dead could return at all, the
BT A. GARDEN" GROWER.
TO those who may be seeking
new shrubs with which to im
prove their gardens I want to
call their attention to the little tri
angular plot of ground at Nine
teenth and Washington streets.
This has been planted by the park
bureau with some shrubs, particu
larly evergreens, which should be
of keen interest to those seeking
something pretty and interesting.
I am not going to attempt a review
of this planting this week, for the
space allotted for this department
has been exhausted with two other
reviews which are of real impor
tance at this time, but next week I
will tell the readers about some of
the things I found in this little :
planting and in the meantime if;
they are interested they can go to
Nineteenth and Washington, streets,!
see the plantings and probably havfc
a, clearer idea when they read my
description next week. The two
important things which require
consideration at this time is the
planting of deciduous shrubs and
the conserving of falling leaves and
I hope the suggestions I have to
make in what follows will prove of
assistance to amateurs.
Planting Shrubs.
While October is considered the
month best suited for the planting
of shrubs and evergreens I want to
give the readers of "this department
a warning and that is not to be in
too much haste. With the mild
open fall and wonderfully fine
stretches;of weather we have been
having there has not been a frost
sufficiently strong to drive the sap
down to the roots and unless you
wait until this happens you may
have trouble with some of your
plantings. What I consider one of
the best nurseries in this section
has an absolute rule that it will
not ship anything in the way of
shrubs and evergreens for fail
planting until two weeks after a
frost sufficiently hard to kill the
usual annuals. It takes such a
frost to put nursery stock into a
dormant stage so that it will suc
cessfully withstand transplanting.
In traveling about the city I see
a great many persons doing their
planting and I must say they have
been very badly advised, for no
shrubs or evergreens should be
planted with the kind of weather
wo have been having unless the
plants have been raised in pots and
are pot-bound as the nurserymen
and florist call them. If the plants
have been raised in pots or tubs
or boxes they can, with quite a
sense of security, be planted now.
but where they have been dug out
of the nursery and planted again I
have little confidence that they will
make much of a showing next year
and I think in many cases will be
ruined. I see in some places where i
tho leaves have been removed in I
an effort to make the plants go
dormant and while this may help
some, the results are doubtful. If
anyone comes around now and i
wants to plant or transplant your
shrubs do not let him do it and i
do not let him put in new shrubs!
unless he can show you that what
he proposes to plant has been pot
grown.
As the season Is here for the
planting of shrubs I have had a
number of friends ask me to make
suggestions as to what to plant.
This is a difficult question to an
swer in a general way, for each
place requires a different treatment.
While I can give a general descrip
tion of various satisfactory shrubs,
it Is a question for each home
owner to determine wh:U will make
the proper picture for a cert a in 1
location and if he is in doubt about
this he can always get good assist
ance from his nurseryman. To those
who contemplate planting: I would
also suggest that they visit the
nurseries, see the actual plants
growing and this will give tnem
even a better idea than all the de
scriptions I could write or what
can be found In the catalogues.
Rhododendrons Are Essential.
Of the broad-leaved yvergreer
shrubs there is nothing superior to
rhododendrons and Fortlanders can
consider themselves fortunate that
In the nurseries about the city they
have probably the largest single
collection of these wonderful shrubs
murdered man would disclose his
murderer. Great truths and pre
cious secrets buried with the dead
would be revealed by the disem
bodied soul. Mothers would return
to comfort broken-hearted children
and exhort wayward sons but the
universal law is they do not re
turn. We cannot therefore look
to the dead for information on the
deep mystery of immortality. Only
two sources of information are open
to us. God might tell us something
on the subject. Science might be
aoie to throw light on the prob
lem. God affirms human immor
tality in the Bible. Immortality as
a fact of deductive science rests
upon numerous well-known facts
and principles.
Conceptions of the human estate
after death widely vary, and among
ancient and modern barbarous races
prove very crude, still the idea of
survival after death is a fact of the
ages. "When the vision of this world
passes away, the expectation of a
vision of another world is universal
Jt is worthy of note, too, that as
paganism, ancient and modern, be
comes more perfect in its ideals and
refinement, the conception of :i
mortality approaches the Christian
idea m excellence.
- Immortality Idea Persists.
The universality and the persist
ence of this Idea among men must
be founded in some sufficient rea
son. Some have tried to account for
these facts by regarding the idea as
an Inheritance from a primitive
revelation to mankind, and handed
down from generation to generation.
It seems, however, that the very
nature of man requires that such J
an idea should be intuitional.. There
are some things which man. as a
moral being, should know by im
mediate knowledge. His responsi
bility demands in him an adequate
sense of self and of supreme au
thority, of duty and its recompense,
and of destiny. All these ideas are
actually possessed in greater or
lesser development by the whole
family 6f man.
Now, while' immortality, as an
idea, may be intuitional, most if
not ail of us get it, not by in
tuition, but from our teachers; and
while all normal minds are capable
of possessing the idea by immediate
knowledge, revelation is indispens
able to its highest development.
Human immortality is a fact
which is fundamental to moral gov
ernment. The proper consideration of this !
G ardorv
of any place in the United States.
When the government placed the
plant quarantine restriction on the
importation of rhododendrons it
shut off the vast numbers which
formerly came from Holland and
Belgium. Some of the Portland
growers were far-sighted enough to
realize that it would take years to
establish an American source of
supply and they set about to get
all the surplus stock and bring
them to Oregon, where under the
favorable climate this type of shrubs
matures nicely. Buyers from all
over the country are now depending
upon Portland for their rhododen
drons and probably will do so for
the next two years. I feel that
every garden should have a collec
tion of rhododendrons, for they do
so well, and despite the shortage j
Ok. BLOCK. tne uriCCB iui v o.i itjuo
hybrids range from $3 to $6 per
plant, according to size and variety.
Rhododendrons vnot only supply
wonderful color notes in the garden
in the spring but can also be used
In ' almost any location. They are
to my mind practically indispens
able in a garden, whether used in
landscape work or in a more formal
garden design. They require prac
tically no care, except the pinching
out of the blooms after the flowers
have withered and a mulch of leaves
in the fall. They do not want to be
planted in soil which contains lime,
but as very little of the soil around
Portland has an excess of lime they
can be planted practically every
where, but in many points of Ore
gon, particularly in some of the
southern sections of the Willamette
valley, care must be exercised as to
the soil in which they are planted.
Deciduous Shrubs.
In considering a planting of
shrubs I usually give thought first
to the deciduous shrubs, but before
taking them up I want to say that
the time to plant them is when
they are dormant, that is, when the
leaves have fallen or at least are
dropping off. Should it not be
convenient for you to do your
planting late this fall I would sug
gest that you postpone the work
until spring, rather than to hurry
it now when the plants are not
in proper condition to plant. Of
course if we have a good frost that
will change matters and make early
fall planting possible. In planting
deciduous shrubs they should be
fertilized. If at all possible get
good, well-rotted cow manure and
mix it with the soil with which you
do the planting. Bone meal and
sheep manure are quite satisfactory
and should be mixed one part of
bone meal to two parts of sheep
manure and a couple of good trowel
fula of the mixture should be either
mixed with the planting soil or
lightly dug in after the new plants
are set.
Types of iSplrea.
Of the deciduous shrubs for or
namental planting the spireas are
always good. The Thunbergi, with
its small delicate flower and slender
light green foliage is very useful
almost any place and particularly
good in lightening heavy plantings
oi evergreens. Spirea Van Houtte
is particularly effective. It is com
monly called the bridal wreath,
for lis fiowfrrs come on iong stems
which can be woven into wreaths,
and it has a graceful drooping habit
when in bloom that makes it par
ticularly striking. Many profes
sional planters have a strong par
tiality for gpirea Anthony Waterer.
It Is lower growing than the other
two types and makes an excellent
foreground planting.
Of the shrubs good for cutting
in the spring the deutzias, both the
white and pink, are excellent. They
will grow six to eight feet high and
three to four feet in diameter. The
only attention they need is cutting
out the old wood and if this is fol
lowed carefully and the plant
shaped you will have a very satis
factory plant. In considering the
deutzias do not overlook the deutxia
gracilis, which is a small dwarfish
type, with white flowers, and cer
tainly it should be found In the
foreground on mass plantings.
Colortnl Wefgellns.
Weigelias. of which there are sev-
er&i types, are also satisiactory
flowe ing deciduous shrubs and you
can cut long sprays of the flowers
for home decoration. The pink Is a
delicate shade of rose, while the
scarlet Is most striking. There has
phase of the subject requires atten
tion to the relations of the three
classes of individuals the infant.
the righteous, and the wicked to
moral government.
Man is a rational being, endowed
with freedom and with a moral
sense, and therefore is capable of
moral obligation, and character, and
reward. Mortal life, in its relation
to the demands of moral obligation,
and to the possibilities of moral
character, seems to be an unf in-
ined existence. On the other hand,
moral government, in its relation
to man's capacities, is an incom
plete system without immortality in
man. As the subject of physical
laws and the government of nature.
tne life of man has reference to
this present world; but as the sub
ject of moral law. and government,
his life has reference to the higher
spiritual kingdom.
Mool and Body Distinct.
The materialist denies immortality
of the soul. He says, by way of il
lustration, that ether paralyzes the
ganglia and nerve centers, admin
istered as an anesthetic, so the phys
ical, mental and moral functions
cease, with the exception of respira
tion, circulation arid assimilation.
Now he inquires, "When ether ar
rests these functions and death en
sues, does death, which destroys the
organism, at the same time restore
self-consciousness to the soul? He
affirms it does not, for "all con
scious mental activity can come to
pass only by normal functioning of
the brain." (Scope and Method of
Philosophy of Unconsciousness.
Von Hartmann).
But let it be remembered that the
anesthetic, though arresting the
functions except respiration, circu
lation and assimilation, moreover
does not arrest self -consciousness.
Soul and body are distinct.
Von Hartmann says if the soul
exists after death it is unconscious.
He declares the living kingdom
originated in the unconscious intelli
gence or world-soul. He thus elimi
nates God from thought and gives
to matter the promise and potency
of life and consciousness. Von Hart
mann says matter is unconscious
mind. He explains the origin of
consciousness in this way: Con
sciousness came of the clash be- '.
tween unconscious will with an un- '.
conscious idea. These two uncon
scious elements clashed and con
sciousness 'resulted. It- follows.
therefore, as a logical necessity,
that- if the unconscious world-soul
been a number of new types intro
duced in the last few years, but I
doubt If any of these are more sat
isfactory than the old favorite of
our grandmothers garden weigelia
rosea. There is, however, an inter
esting dwarf of this type that
should receive your consideration
in arranging a planting.
Spanish broom with its long
blooming season, will give you cut
tings of brilliant yellow flowers in
midsummer. Do not confuse this
with the Scotch broom seen so much
about Portland, for the Spanish type
Is far different, the flowers being
much larger and of a very strong
fragrance. You should also have in
thj garden buddelia. or the butter
lly plant, for it will give you long
splices or delightfully fragrant
flowers in midsummer when you
nee(J somethin& o this nature.
Hydrangeas Useful.
No border or house planting I feel
is complete without hydrangeas,
and you can use them with freedom
and be sure of having good, taste
whether you use the hortensia type
or the paniculata. In considering
hydrangeas, I want to call your at
tention to hydrangea quercifolia, or
the oak-leaved hydrangea, and it is
surprising that it is not more used
in shrubbery planting in this sec
tion, for it does remarkably well.
Its bloom is not so important as its
foliage, which is similar in shape
to an oak leaf and of a rich purple
shade. This type of hydrangea is
not as swell known as it deserves,
and if 'you are looking for some
thing for the planting and with a
rich foliage effect do not overlook
this.
When I think of the barberries I
often wonder what we could substi
tute for them and get as satisfactory
effect and as yet I have reached no
solution of the question. While the
deciduous form of barberries is
yielding in public favor to the ever
green type I feel every garden
should have representatives of the
old favorites and of these I can
recommend as being satisfactory in
this section tho thunbergi type, or
Japanese barberry, of a very dense,
dwarf spreading habit; the common
barberry with its erect growth and
prickly stem and the barberry vul
garia atropurpurea with its purple
tinted foliage. In the evergreen
barberries Darwin's stenophylla, the
small-leaved type with its upright
habit, is opposite the stenophylla
diversifolia, which is more open in
its habit. Barberry dulcis, or the
box-leaved barberry, you will also
find good for a long, spiny shrub.
Cotoneastera Important,
The cotoneasters form an import
ant group, but it is surprising how
many persons think that they are
limited to the low-growing type,
suitable for topping a wall or a
5l S "
It
DTTERESTIXG FLAK
f
Li -
thus produced a self-conscious man
by the clash of unconscious will with
an unconscious Idea, then for the
consummation of unconscious wis
dom in the scheme of nature in the
form of moral government, it is cer
tain that the unconscious will must
clash again with the unconscious
Idea and revive consciousness in the
soul of the dead man. The scheme
of wisdom in the cosmos, and moral
government, both demand conscious
ness in the soul after death. So the
materialist is "hoist by his own
petard." He is destroyed by his own
logic. Conscious immortality must
be admitted to man the subject of
moral government.
Life Held No Compound.
The dogma of immortality has met
many denials, not only irom tne
scientists but from the enemies mi
religion. One of the potent objec
tions recently offered on scientific
grounds is that which declares the
soul is but a product of the union of
the male and female reproductive
cells the spermatozoon, and- the
egg . Since the existen.ce of the soul
begins with the union of these two
elements it follows, so it is affirmed,
that the existence of the lUmust
end with the death or dissolution of
the organism.
This objection leads at once into
the profoundest mystery of our be
ing. In groping our way we may
take as our point of departure the
old landmark: "The earthly life of
man had a beginning." The life of
every plant and animal began as a
single organic cell. Its growth Is
simply the division of the original
cell into parts and the specialization
of those new parts. The fundamen
tal vital powers reside within the
substance of the cell. They are not
phenomena merely of the chemical
compound, but of the machine called
the cell. The origin of life is not
chemical. It is mechanical. It was
produced by a living being orig
inally and implanted in the cell ma
chine. It is as scienfific to conceive
that God made the first living or
ganism as it is to believe the black
smith made the plow.
In this world life proceeds from
antecedent life, from parents. The i
vital and potential cells have been
banded down from generation to
generation. Within the human ele
ments of reproduction was incor
porated an element which is subject
not to physical laws but to mental
and moral laws. We call it the soul.
This ethereal element was derived
to the more ornamental class. Co
toneaster Franchetti is a wonderful,
fine -shrub of an open, graceful,
bank, and never give consideration
drooping habit and cotoneaster Si
monsii is another of medium height
with an upright growth. If you
have never seen these growing you
can eee a fine planting of them on
Portland heights in the little trian
gular block of ground at Vista ave-
nue and Spring street, for in im
proving that piece of ground Park
Superintendent Keyser has put
one of the most interesting small
plantings in Portland. While this is
city property under the park bureau,
there is one city employe who take
a keen interest in it, although he is
not connected Nwith the park bu
reau, and - he is Captain William
Kerrigan, the veteran of the fire
department, who lives close to this
little strip of ground. I have often
seen John Gill, who is one of Port
land's best-versed naturalists, stop
at this planting and study the things
which the park bureau has planted
there.
I regret space does not permit me
to tell the readers of this depart
ment of all the interesting shrubs
that will prove satisfactory in this
locality, but if I attempted that it
would be like writig a catalogue for
a nursery. This week I have only
room to tell you about a few of the
deciduous shrubs and next week I
will endeavor to make some sugges
tions about evergreens, but before
leaving the deciduous shrubs I want
to call your attention to a few
others and among these I can men
tion ag flowering deciduous shrubs
calycanthus or the sweet shrub,
kerria or the double globe flower,
dogwood, the Japanese quince, for
sythia or golden bell, potentilla,
both the yellow and the white;
flowering currant, syringa, which
of course includes all the lilacs; the
viburnum or snowballs, particularly
the Japanese type, and also particu
larly the ororatissimum.
Old Leaves for Fertiliser.
Now that autumn is here and the
trees are beginning, to shed their
leaves and it is time to clean up
the garden and get it in shape for
the winter, we should also give con
sideration to saving the valuables.
There is nothing of more real value
to the garden than the leaves and
the garden litter, for as a fertilizer
it can scarcely be excelled by any
manure or commercial fertilizer
that can be purchased. For a number-of
years Portland wasted thou
sands of dollars annually by gath
ering up the leaves and burning
them, but when Superintendent
Keyser took charge of the park bu
reau he arranged with the street-
cleaning department to save the
leaves for him, with the result that
the park bureau now has on hand a
supply of fertilizer which has cost
the taxpayers practically nothing.
As to results accomplished you only
have to see the wonderful vegeta
tion in our various parks. I think
too few of us appreciate the value
of the leaves. You will see persons
on every side burning them, where
as if they would only put them in a
pile and let them decompose they
would have wonderful results from
their garden next year.
All experts unite in saying that
:-'v:v:.:.:v.v.v!v.i :y--!(i- PSS- : '-:- .-.. . $
TIN G AT NINETEENTH A3TX WASHIXGTOS ITREHTI,
not from matter but from the Cre
ator. Let us now turn to the question of
human genesis. The biologist tells
us the egg, or female element of re
production, consists of vital sub
stance and organs called nucleus
and chromosomes. The spermato
zoon or male reproductive cepU is
smaller than the egg. It contains
protoplasm, in which are organs
called nucleus, chromosomes and a
centrosome. The male cell is pro
vided with a tail by which it moves
about. When these two reproduc
tive cells unite the spermatozoon
passes into the egg. The tail was
previously lost. The chromosomes
are the only organs of the fertilized
egg which are derived from both
parents. They, contain the heredi
tary traits handed down by both
parents. The centrosome is derived
from the father. It contains the life,
while the egg contains the physical
man in potential form. The sperma
tozoon possesses life, volition and
power and all the basic principles
which belong to the souL This liv
ing, moving soul germ is derived
from the father alone. So the liv
ing soul, is not a product of chem
istry, nor a chemical compound pro
duced by the union of the male and
female elements of reproduction, to
perish when the compound is dis
solved. Life hag descended through -the
male line from the Creator. Let it
be noted this living existence began
before the union of the egg and
spermatozoon took place. It may,
therefore, continue after the union
fs dissolved In death. Life, like mat
ter and force. Is never destroyed and
lost. The physical organism re
turns to the chemical elements. 'Its
elements are not lost. The moral
nature of man, subject to moral gov
ernment, points with undeniable
force to the persistence of his per
sonality after death.
Soul's Death Not Proved.
The dissolution of the body in
death does not presuppose the de-i
struction of the soul. j
The relation between soul and
body Is that of co-existence, not of
identity. The abstract possibility of
the existence of the soul apart from
the body admits of no denial. Every
real existence must be assumed to i
continue until its annihilation has
been proved. The burden of proof
thus wiJl be seen to lie upon the
advocates of annihilation. The an
nihilation of the soul, however, has
not yet been proved. In the en
the most expensive element In fer
tilizers fs the nitrogen, yet when
we examine the leaves we find they
have a greater percentage of this
valuable element than almost any
kind of manure. Usually the gen
eral term of "humus' is applied to
this type of fertilizer, and in speak
ing of this the Garden Guide says:
"Humus is the name given by
gardeners to decomposing vegetable
matter. In many ways it is like
dung. The matter may comprise
lawn mowings, leaves from decid
uous trees and all the odds and ends
of vegetative growth that one
cleans up or gets from the garden.
Too often this material is bundled
out of sight or pitched away as use
less. It is a gold mine. Have a
place for It and accumulate all you
can. Turn it over once or twice to
facilitate rotting. Every spring
spread it on the soil and dig It In or
keep it in reserve for particular
purposes. If the humus heap has
had lime applied to it, it will be
still better. Humus darkens soil
and dark soil absorbs the warmth
of the sun. Humus holds moisture,
therefore it is liked by the roots.
It opens up a stiff soil and aerates
It. Moreover-, it' furnishes an es
sential medium for the bacteria that
teem in all fertile soils and which
manufacture food for the use of
the plants. It is invaluable and
many derelict soils could be made
to yield crops if humus and dung
were applied. It is especially valu
able on sandy soil."
This brief description, I think,
covers most fully and concisely the
value of leaf mold. In my own gar
den I save all I can of grass cut
tings, rake up all the leaves, the
stalks off plants that is, the soft
kind and not those covered with
bark and pile them together in a
corner of the garden. Now and then
I throw on top some surplus soil or
the cuttings from where the walks
are edged and now and then sprin
kle over the whole some air slacked
lime. A few days ago I gave the
pile I had accumulated during the
summer its first turnover prior to
putting on the fall collection of
leaves, and if you could, have seen
the bottom of that pile you would
have declared that it was far su
perior to any cow or stable manure
you had ever seen and also much
cleaner to handle.
Improving the Compost.
Also during the summer, not hav
ing any stable manure convenient,
I scattered over the various layers
of grass cuttings and leaves a few
trowelfuls of sheep manure, and I
believe that it is a great aid. But,
taking it altogether, the leaves are
our friends when they fall, Just as
they are our friends In the sumirrer
when they protect us with their
shade. Miss Florence Holmes, the
landscape architect of the park bu
reau, has been recently making con
siderable research into the matter
of leaves as fertilizers and has dis
covered some .interesting things. In
connection with her research she
consulted with Professor J. S.
Jones, chemist of the Oregon experi
ment station at Corvallis, who wrote
her as follows: "Leaves have con- .
siderable value for fertilizing pur
poses. They are rich in lime and
deavor to prove it, however. It s
said that thought is a functioning
of the brain, hence if the brain
be destroyed the soul must perish.
The error here is due to failure In
distinguishing between a form of
being and a form of action. The
destruction of the btain serves onlv
to prove the ending of a particular
form of the soul's action, namely,
the act of thinking. The cessation
of some particular form of the ac
tivity of the soul or personal being
does not presupose the annihilation
of the being itself.
Personality Is a form of being;
It is the ultimate form of being.
It has several native, inherent prop
erties. Among them may be men
tioned life and self -consciousness.
Thought Is a form of action. It has
its origin In the soul Itself. " The
brain Is simply the mechanism em
ployed by the soul in producing
this form of action. Thought an J
all other forms of the soul's action,
exercised through the agency of the
brain or physical organism, may
cease without affecting the personal
being itself, its life or any other
of its native properties. The dis
embodied soul may live and be self
conscious, and may know, without
the act of thinking. Thought by
means of a brain may. Indeed, be
one of the limitations placed upon
the soul which is removed at death.
The soul still preserves Its identity,
and is still capable of acting
through the agency of a brain If It
should again inhabit a brain.
I, if Property of Soul.
In the endeavor, further, to prove
the annihilation of the soul In the
death of the brain it has been
claimed that life Is a function of
the brain, hence destroy the brain
and the soul must perish. The error
here is due to failure in distin
guishing between the personal being
itself and one of its native, inherent
properties. Life is a property of
the soul. The brain lives simply
because the living personality re-
Bides within it. The brain dies when
the living personality goes out of
it. Life has no objective exist
ence apart from personal being. To
be is not a function of the brain,
but to do is its function. Hence,
the function of the brain may be
destroyed at death without affect
ing the personality itself or its
capacity for action.
The indestructibility of matter
points by analogy to the indestruct
ibility of the soul.
The chemical element bears tho
contain also quite a large amount
of potassium. The best suggestion
I can offer you with reference to
their use for fertilizing purposes Is
that a compost should be made of
them as they are raked up in the
fall. The compost is then ready
for use in splendid condition early
.in the spring. This procedure en
ables one to get rid of an unsightly
lot of material that really is of
value for fertilizing purposes, and
by all means ought to be conserved.
To make a compost leaves and any
other organic matter are -piled in
layers with fresh rich soil and the
whole thoroughly wet down so as
to start fermentation and rotting
processes. If this manner of get
ting rid of fallen leaves is sys
tematically followed, there is prac
tically no waste and a splendid
organic fertilizer is available for us
in the early spring."
Rich In Nitrogen.
Miss Holmes in her research work
on leaves and compost has compiled
an Interesting table showing the
amount of calcium oxide, a most im
portant element, in various kinds of
leaves, and from this table shows
that the maple and elm trees, of
which there are possibly the great'
est number in Portland, rank very
high, but another interesting table
urhinh VI,d Unla. ho. AmnilH
shows the nitrogen, the phosphoric
V " ' . ,
acid ana tne potasn in leaves auu
various straws. From this, for the
benefit of the readers of this de
partment, I am going to extract her
information on leaves, which shows
that they contain in pounds for each
ton the following: Nitrogen. 16;
phosphoric acid, 3.2. and potash, .
Unless you are familiar with the
analysis of a fertilixing agent- these
figures may not convey their lull
value, but when the-courparlson in
percentages is compiled it demon
strates that In nitrogen leaf mould
contains nearly twice as much as
does cow manure, and the same also
holds good for phosphoric acid, but
in the matter of potash the leaf
mold has only about half as much
as cow manure. This lack of potash
can be supplied by the addition of
commercial potash If you think your
soil needs it, but the main thing to
bear in mind Is that leaves and gar
den litter are of value, therefore
save, them, pile them in layers, not
in heaps, out In the open where the
winter's rains fall and next spring
you will have a good assistant in
your garden. -
My friend .the retired gardener,
came around during the week with
another suggestion that may help
some of the amateurs. "It will not
be long," he said, "before we have
frosts and I want to warn the ama
teurs to watch their dahlias and
Kladiolis and dig them before there
are very heavy frosts and the ground
freezes. Usually after the first kill
ing frost we have a mild spell ana
that is when you should dig your
dahlias and gladioli and prepare
them for winter storage. It is very
essential that you should dry the
tubers and bulbs a few hours before
putting them in the basement or
root cellar. If you do not have a
root cellar store the bulbs in the
cfcllar but as far away from' the
furnace as possible. I also want to
suggest that when you dig your
dahlia clumps turn them upside
down so the moisture will drain out
of the stalks. If you do not do this
you run great chances of decay
starting during the winter in the
tuber."
The tulip family is growing and
the latest novelty to come from Hol
land has been named the Mendel
type. These are hybrids resulting
from & crossing of Due von Thai
and Darwin tulips. They have ben
rewarded with many prises in Hol
land but whether they will do for
garden planting I have not heard,
for they were developed with the
idea of bringing out a new tulip
with satisfactory forcing qualities
and for cultivation in greenhouses, j
Some of the new tulips havearrived I
in Portland and we will have an op
portunity to study them at first
hand in the spring.
Some time atro I had a letter from
a fr'end who told me of some inter
esting- experience in floral sur-
irery and.
S some of the readers of
this department may be confronted
with similar problems. I reproduce
the letter for their information:
It often happens that me cherished
plant ia broken, either by accident or
the wind. Usually It seems there la no
alternative but to remove the broken
portion and this sometime destroys
i he ehspe of the plant. Broken ienct
( an frequent'y fcr retor d by su if-ry.
tle chief imple i r.-s of which are .-hrw
tii s urn. soft U3.'tn and match.-t ick n
1 have successfully operated on gladioli
this year, a high wind having bent over
some of my choicest varieties; before
they had bloomed. The stalks wars not
broken, bat they refused tm staad .
same relation to the physical world
that the soul does to the moral
world. The chemical element, as
gold, may be compounded with other
elements, yet it still is gold. In a
similar way the spiritual element
as the soul of man may be united
with a physical r.ature, yet it still
Is a soul.
Then, again, the assayer may sep
arate the chemical elements. He
does not destroy them. He simply
separates them. Their relation t
each other is now changed. The
compound no longer exists, but the
chemical elements still exist. In
similar way death may separate the
soul from the physical body. It 0oi
not. destroy the elements of th
body it simply separates them; and
it does not- destroy the soul It
simply liberates it from union with
the body. The compound of chem
ical and spiritual elements no
longer exists, though the elements
themselves are not destroyed. Their
relations to each other have merely
changed.
Furthermore, since the properties
of the gold In Its simple state tr
more easily distinguished and more
perfectly displayed than they ir
In its compounded state. It follows
that the properties of the soul may
In some degree be masked and un
discovered in its union with th
body. Death may be the unmasking
of the soul Just as assaying ts the
unmasking of the it old. In any
event the gold and the soul both
survive the process of assaying and
of death.
The present existence of the soul
warrants the assumption of Its
continued existence, in the absence
of proof that death destroys it.
We do not know just what death
is. We know only Its effects, or
some of them. As the soul and
body co-exist but are not identical,
proof of the dismemberment of the
body by death is not proof of the
destruction of the soul. As death
is not the destruction of the simpls
chemical elements composing the
body. It also Is not the destruction
of the soul, or -simple spiritual ele
ment.. Death seems to be rather the
open door to man's higher estato
of being, much as birth Is to hi
lower estate.
The denial of a first cause Is an
asknowledgement of human immor
tality. If the existence of a first cause
be denied; if all creative acts as be
ginnings be denied, and if It should
be afirmed tnat the world Is eternal.
and as they could not be very we!) tied
In a proper position to a stake I took
some narrow ptecea of wood about four
Inches tons; md used tne? for splinters,
wrapping them fast to the broken stalk
with ft cloth. In this war the flower
ialka were made to stand up erect and
came Into full bloom. Another time I
had a largo branch of s fins tree fuchala
Injured bo that It was Juat hanging br
a few thread, t restored tt to Its place
and tha plastered the broken Joint with
chewing gum and then made a sling of
soft cjoth and thus held the broken parts
together until they had healed. I,ast
yrar I was called upon by a friend to
doctor a double compound fractura in a
large geranium, t first carefully propped
the branch Into It natural position and
then a strip of aoft old muslin was
dampened and carefslly bound aroand
the break. Over this ban flag was ar
ranged three splints in the shape of
burned match sticks and over these an
other wet brnrtuff was placed end
sewed. AM buds were removed from the
branch so that all the vigor could go
toward healing the wound. The bandages
were kept wet all the time and the
plant shaded. In doing plant surgery,
that la. repairing; breaks and fractures,
all the leaves except the upper ones
should be removed end all flower buds
n away. The plants should i
: in the shade and well water
hould also be
kupt
rrd.
Problems aff the Gardea.
Will you p!.,e tll m what la 1h
mutter with my ro..? 1 ..nt you two
flowers. The buah th. mallffr bud w.a
taken from has always been affectad
mora or less but the l&at two years vr,
fiw of the buda have opened properly.
' Jne other baa been that
I few weeks. I have a hlb
way the laat
blscue ftoul. da
Fen on the weat aide of the houaa and a
yucca fllamentoaa on the north alda.
They have baen out two years but DeiLAar
has bloomed. lo you think they are
haded too much? MRS. T. M.
Answer I doubt if the smaller
rose will ever prove satisfactory in
your climate and soil as it is not a
variety which I would recommend
for general garden cultivation. If
you have never had satisfactory
flowers from it for two years I
would take it up and destroy It. for
there are' too many good roses to
waste time, energy and garden space
on those which will not do well. As
to the other rose it Is probably
suffering from a looal climatic con
dition, as I have roses in my own
garden which are acting in the same
way. I think you will find this rose
will be all right, next spring. Aa to
the hibiscus and the yucca they re
quire quite a time to get established
before producing flowers. In my
own garden I have a yucca which
flowered this summer for the first
time after being out three years.
It is planted on the north and under
a wide spreading mountain ash tree.
I do not think that either your
hibiscus or the yucca get too much
shade. Give them time and I think
you will get satisfactory results. .
T hare beard that the little plants
which we see at so many places In
Portland and particularly Id rock gar
dens and called "snow-on-the-mountams"
are poisonous. Can you tell me If this Is
so, and Is it aafe to have It In the
garden ?
MRS. J. D. ft.. Weatevar Terraces.
Answer 'Snow-on-the-Mount alns"
Is a member of the Spurare family
and nearly all of this group havt a
milky fluid in them which Is an irri
tant and therefore Is classed as a
potson. I recently described In this
department. Euphopbia margfnata
which is a member of the family and
it Is probably more potnonnn thnn
Man Could Not
Eat Anything
Mr. Mervin Could Eat Nothing-Not Even Fruit
"I suffered for six years from ptomsrh
trouble and could not t anything not
even fruit. I took a carload of Ptlli I
have now taken two bottles of Adferkka
(Intestinal antiseptic) and can eat any
thing. I could write a newspaper (u-1
about Adlerika and certainly wou d not
b without It." H!gnd H. . M-rvln.
Intestinal Antiseptic.
ThTe la now nf frre.l in tn public
preparation having the porHl.K amm
of an intestinal antiseptic and a m-
PLETB system rltnr.
This prepara-
tion, known aa A.Hertka.
It tends to eliminate or
ful germs and coirn barilll
rt as foliuws:
destroy harm
In the lmiU
rial r-jtnal. thus auarding against append)
Cltis and other dlacvaea having their
start here.
It Is the most complete syjrtem e'esnser
ever offered to the public, acting on
I HOTH unpf r and iowr b.wl snd r
1 nrv.ng L-ul matter wiilch poiond th
' m e im for months and whlrh nothing
iF'in can dlJtodg". It brm out a-!
!. thus immediately r-living pr
snre on the heart. It Is astonishing the
great amount of polonous matter Adle
rika draws from the alimentary canal
matter you never thought waa In your
system. Try It ricat after a aaturai
having panted success! vely through
vast cj oles of development nd
change from apparent chaos to or
nVrly farm which cycle vr r"ur.
like the oscillation of swlnglr
pendulum, from everlaattne; to
lasting; even then. man. the simple
spiritual element, has existed from
tthe most distant eternity, just a
i hns ths gold or simple chemical
(element, and liko ths gold la des
tined to exini rortTT, i ni n
trus we think Is incontrovertible,
or at least cannot be sucesf ully
dented.
If ths soul has eltrd forever se
an element in the world heme snd
has not lost Its Identity l:i all peat
tbe-rnity. with Its many changes -f
relation, from the time of the whirl
ing fire-mint to the era of the r-er-lect
physical man. It certainly is not
Inconceivable that man should con
tinue to exist after dth in new
and even unsuspected relation
to the universe. Moreover, even If.
after all. there prove to be no God
or first cause, still all the facts pf
human life physical, mental and
moral all the facts of human ob
ligation, of virtue, and of vice, to
gether with their recompenses, re
main wholly unchanaed. If firt
cause exists but should be detroyJ.
manv of these facts would be loel
In that destruction; but If there
actually be no fh-st cause, all theaa
ffects exist and continue to east.
Irrespective of our speculations
upon the subject. And who ehail
say that these facts, grounded as
they assuredly are 1a humsn con
aclousnes. are not consistent with
the eternal world-scheme, which Is
sweeping on to the consummation of
another splendid cycle In coemle
history cycle so vast as to be
beyond the calculation of our
mathematics and beyond Irnagtna
ticn? Wisdom, whose excellent Impress
Is stamped In all the forms and fa
tures of the world around us, for
bids that man. her noblest work,
shall prove a sad misfit st Isst.
stamping wisdom with the name of
folly.
Power, which la everywhere ex
hibited In the kingdoms rf this
word, forbids that man. who sways
omnipotence, should, after all. prove
weakest of the weak.
And love, whoae tender sympath
ies are so woven Into all ths fabrte
of earthly life, forbids that man
shall utterly perish from existence,
and In death be robbed of future
activity and joys of which love has
dreamed.
anme of the others. In aot, I know
o? one florist who etrffared Quite
distressingly from handling this Ku-
phopbla. Milkweed le anothar member
of the ftpurge family and we all
know that the milky juice from It
is quite an irritant. I hare never
heard of any one suffering aeveraly
from the poisons of these plants, but
of course some persons are more
susceptible to such Irritants than
cthera. Geraniums frequently will
poison persons and I have known
of cases when the suffering has
been quite serious. The oboenJoa
primroses to many persona are vary
colsonotM. yet there are many of ua
who would not want to do without
their bright little flowera. To tbosa
who suffer from plant poisons I
suggest that they do not handle suoh
plants. I think you will find that
the "Snow-on-the-Mountalns has
little effect and If you use garden
gloves will never be bothered by It
irritating.
IN PORTLAND CHURCHES
(r'ontinu'-d Kri
rir 4 )
"The Nfw itirth"; Krli.y, "Our 'v iit"
derful HiMe."
A number of noon meet Ing a wilt
be held In Industrial plants the com
Ing week. On Monday noon at the
Inman-f 'outsrn Lumber rom patty :
Tuesday noon st Multnomah Lumber
tt Box company, and Thursday noon
at the Jones Lumber company.
e e
At the Kern Park Christie n
church. Forty -sixth avenue and
Sixty-ninth street, a special Hil.i
school sens Ion will be held st 4
A. M., followed at 11 o'clock by the
public worship. Iter. J. K. Ghorm
ley. 1). r.. will take for hfa them
"The Reasurrectlon As Taught in
Christian Kaptlnm. ills evening;
topio will be "The Fait of ftabylon."
The choru. under the direction of
Mrs May Vail Fit !t Ingulf y, will give
special selections.
e e
This morning at the Advent Chrle
tion church on Hecnnd atreet. be-
tween Hall end Lincoln streets, the
pastor will speak on the enbjfct.
"Th Uiuspeaksbls Turk in the Light
of Prophecy." Next Hundty tits er
mon topic will b "The Herond Com
ing; of Christ." Valuable information
has been received as a result of s
canvas of the city In the vicinity f
the church and ths fflcexe of Uie
Sunday school will make eital ef
fort to care for thoea) who will e
rom members as a ret..t of the follow-up
work by th pastor and his
assistants.
eee
"The proposed law to compel
parents to send children to public
schools" will be the subject of
Mr. EHot's sermon th!s morning
at 10:30 o'cFock at the Church of
Our Father (Unitarian), broadway
and Yamhill. Th same question
will be discussed at 12 M. by the
men's class under the eederwhl of
Dr. Edward O. Slnson. At 7:30 I". M.
t he Young Peopla'a fratrn1t v will
discuss "The Pre in Our Present
Day Civil last Ion." led by Austin
Hutchinson. On Wednesday, October
18, the federated club of the Wo
men's Alliance will meet at 10 3n
A. M.. and the postof flee mise'on
Thursrlar "t
S P. M
movement and notire b"w r -
foul matter It brings out hnl
poisoning you. In i ht d .a vd -
as occasional const i pati'.n. ur
gas on I h stomach and s . k )"
on M'O'-nrul A.rriks AI.WAYH
rlif. A l"ngr tratfnf'T h-'"
n"-eiary 1 n r. ajv s f t -
lion and long s'anrtma; sU'i.niM h t- ,u. .
preferably und'r d;rti'in of "
icisn.
R porta frnrs I'hywtctaa,
"t congratuiata yrn on lt m- A
frt I had fr"-i All-riha " I -scribed
It." H;ne l rr I, t.e
"I have fouix! nt h 1 r m io n
practif to ! A) anks ' (jn1
Dr Jame- v'. .-r.
"I it Adis-rika 'n a'l
Km riuir rnle one rf.ta-" i:ierfi
lr V M rMtyn.an
"After taking Adrk ff hVtr n S '
for ?( rai Hava-n I i. in -
.-aa th- AWFi-i. I fi : "
r.id from my rt,tn " r'-i""' t
Fo-ktt
Alirlka Is a constant urp' to
pis who hae u'1 n.y 'i! ti f b- !
snd stomach medic tn. ""lit f !
rapid. pasant an4 i o ' V I PCT K a'" i
It la o,d bf ia4lDg an.gg.ste r-wbere.