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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Sept. 24, 1922)
9 THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN, PORTLAND, SEPTEMBER 24, 1922 CQNFERENGES BETWEEN WORKERS AND EMPLOYERS URGED Willingness of Operators to Meet Labor and Negotiate Declared to Be Requisite for' Settlement of Industrial Disputes Upsetting Normal State of Affairs in America Samuel Gompers Sets Forth Views. V K V This is the fourth of a series of ar ticles on the present labor situation by Samuel Gompers, president of the Ameri can Federation of Labor. BY SAMUEL GOMPERS. President American Federation of Labor. BECAUSE "of the tremendously important developments in the industrial world of late it is a particularly opportune moment for the discussion of relations between workers and employers, the manner cf conducting these relations and the various substitutes offered by tnose who either have special inter ests to serve.-or personal theories to advance. The subject is a large one which it is not possible to cover fully in such space as I have at my com mand. It would, as a matter of fact, be easier -to prescribe a week's read iig on the subject than to attempt to set forth here anything like an adequate presentation. There are, however, certain basic principles in volved which I shall be glad to en deavor to set forth. , I Willingness to Confer Shown. The first necessity is for a wil lingness on the part of employers to meet the workers in conference. If there is not that willingness there is no plan or scheme that has yet been devised that will work at all. There is no shaded, boulevard to industrial peace if there is not a willingness on the part of em ployers to discuss with working people or their representatives the terms and conditions upon which the workers are to give service in industry. If there is that willing ness, then the problem of maintain ing relations between employers and workers is one which can best be solved by the experiences of the employers' and the workers in any given industry. There are those persons who have little to do except solve the prob lems of the universe for others and from time to time they have sought to impose) their solutions upon the Industrial world. I have yet to find & proposed solution evolved as a matter of pure theory that offered anything practical in advance of what has already been worked out through experience. Critics Not Good Judges. There are critics of the American Federation , of Labor who are very much, more familiar with their own theories than they are with what has been accomplished by the American Federation of Labor. There are other oritics who are very much more familiar with what has been done in other countries than they are with, what has been done in the United States and they are forever condemning the American Federation of Labor because it does not copy verbatim the formulas used in other countries and accept in their entirety the agencies that have been worked out in other countries. I ehould like to make It clear here that the American labor move ment does- not reject anything be cause it is new or because it has Its origin in some other country, but it does insist upon the wisdom of regarding American experiences as the final test. We have prob lems in the United States that are unlike problems in any other coun try. There is very little" in our industrial life that is like the in dustrial life of Great Britain or PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL LIVESTOCK FAIR GREAT BENEFIT TO ENTIRE WEST COAST Portland Exposition and Horse Show Have Many Ramifications in Farm Industry That Cover Tre mendous Areas Westward From Rockies, and Penetrate Eastern Territory With Its Influences. ; z : ; BY E. A. STUART, President Pacific International Livestock Exposition. SINCE I have been paying even closer attention to the Pacific In ternational Livestock exposition than in the past, a new and fuller realization of its importance., not to Portland alone, but to the entire Pacific slope, has come to me. It has many ramifications, leading here and there, affecting almost every Industry and every class of people living In an immense area. Today it serves a great territory, but in the days to come it will reach still wider boundaries. Its northern boundary will be Alaska, and it will extend to Mexico on the south. It will stretch from the. Pacific ocean to the Rocky mountains and eastward. This great arena seems peculiarly fitted for the production of domesticated animals, and It is not an idle dream, but a Btatement based upon facts, that climate and natural advantages for world transportation have favored this section of countiy half as large as the entire United States, for pro viding the remainder c-f the world with 'milk products, with meat and with a large ehare of clothing. - An institution which fosters the business of livestock cannot take too prominent a place in our affairs. The Pacifio International Livestock exposition's officers and directors are without exception men of af fairs, busy with many things of a personal nature. They cannot af ford to take time for anything ex cept of utmost importance to them selves and to the public. It is an Indication of their wisdom and fore sight that they devote so much of their time to the Pacific Interna tlonal. They realize that if must be strengthened and encouraged by every means in their power, for it means so much to the nation and to the world. Their logic is simple, no doubt, -and not hard to under stand. Agriculture is the basis not only of civilization, but of life. Good agriculture, the kind that in creases instead of dying out. must be founded upon livestock, which enriches the soil instead of robbing it, and increases the crops as well as finds a profitable market for grasses, grains and root crops. ' The livestock industry must be profit. able to endure, and purebred live stock is proved by long Investiga tion of our department of agricul ture to be 40 per cent more efficient and profitable than the common cattle. It stands t6 reason, then, that those things which advance the cause of purebred livestock are of paramount importance to every human being. I The Pacific International touches every practical breed of '.ivestoctk in the temperate zone.- Dairy and beef cattle, sheep, hogs, horses, poultry, all are represented in as nearly their correct proportion as could be at tained. It functions not only at show time, but the year arotrnd, lending its assistance at sales, in troducing good blood in new places, encouraging new breeders-r-in a multitude of ways aiding and for warding the gospel of better blood In flocks and herds. The show itself Is but the flower of its efforts. Here are brought the France or Germany.' Our problems are distinctly our own problems just as the problems of those other countries are their own problems. Foreign Sioatrami Offered. During the war we heard much in this country about the estab lishment of what were known as work councils in England, and we also heard much about the shop steward movement. Critics of the American Federation of Labor seized upon these terms that were new to them and conjured with them in-1 cessantly for a considerable period of months. In the closing months of the war and particularly at about the time of the signing of the armistice, out intellectuals learned of the Whitney council movement in England, and again we witnessed a period of con- luring with a new . term ana witn new phrases. With the advent of the -Russian revolution we were deluged vwth columns of admiration for councils of workmen and soldiers, councils of workmen and peasants, and Soviets. I venture the assertion that few of those who indulged in the chorus of admira tion for these various proposals had any idea of the purely local or national conditions which called them into being. War Basts, of Proposals. Of course, everyone who has made any real study understands fully that each - of these proposals was the result of certain definite condi tions existing in one country or the other. The shop steward move ment in England was the product of certain conditions arising in England because of , the war. It was not a healthy or constructive movement and the conditions which called it into being in England did not exist In the United States There was in the Whitney council proposal a much , more constructive idea, but nevertheless, an idea which was distinctly the product of English industrial conditions. : The soviet idea in Russia is just as distinctly the product of condi tions in Russia. It should be observed that the soviet idea has no necessary rela tionship to communism or bolshev ism. The soviet idea in itself is merely a' system of industrial repre sentation which is not permitted to function under the present regime in Russia any more than trade unions are allowed to ex'st in that unhappy country. Variety of Method Tried. I presume that at some time or other and in some industry or other almost every form of representation and negotiation that has been tried anywhere has been tried in the United States. We . have in the American Federation of Labor 110 national and international unions, wffich means that in that many in dustries there is organization at least on a national basis. In prac tically all of those industries there is some method by which employers and workers meet and confer in re lation .to the problems of the in dustry. In some of these industries there is a "great deal of machinery for this purpose, while - in others there is comparatively little. It is safe to say that in every industry the experience of that industry has been the guide. Different conditions make for the establishment of ditrerent institu- tlons. In the printing Industry, for example, the .'workshop is the unit ' establishment of different institu E. A. Stuart, president Pacific International Livestock Expo sition. finest of the fine-the best ani mals produced In every breed. Visitors from other section of the country are amazed at the excellence of the stock exhibited. They have not realized the peculiarly favorable conditions .. which . obtain here for production. . A good many persons look with a kindly eye,, upon boys' and girls' Club work. They approve of it be cause they think it is good for the boys and girls. There is no ques tion about that, but we see far more to it than that. Club work is pav ing the way for better breeders and better livestock in the future and the near fu-ture too.; The Pa cific International .-has paid especial attention to club, work, and fosters it in every wir possible, for it knows its vRal Importance. : To Portland the exposition is of immense importance. Last year-the attendance Was 101,000. Just how many came from the city and how many from the country we have no means of knowing, but it has been estimated that 15,000 came from out lying territory. These stayed an average of five days, and spent in Portland an sverage of J0 a day. Any institution which brings 1750.000 to .a city within the space of a week is worth as much enthu siasm as can be inspired by the press. Hotels, merchants, transpor tation lines, all benefit, and through them there is not a citizen who is not benefited financially." The state at large benefits, too, immediately, but even more, indi rectly. The breeders and livestock men themselves are helped not only by the premium money, which is a comparatively small, item as com pared with the association with others, their , meetings during the exposition, the great sales, the les sons the-y learn, and not least, the time and care they have spent in fitting their best animals in the best possible way for competition in the judging ring. .Nobody can spend weeks and even months in preparing his animals, developing them, watching them anxiously, without developing in himself pride and knowledge, and III . . 32 s II f.W f- " P .Jl; r vi i v - - 111 of operation. As a consequence there has grown up in the printing industry among organized printers what is known as the chapel. The chapel is merely the group of print ers employed in any given print shop. There is a chairman of every chapel and he is in every case em ployed in the shop along with .the other members of that chapel. He may take up at any moment any grievance in behalf of any member of the chapel or of all of the mem bers of the chapel, but the chapel must necessarily conform to the standards, wages," hours and con the union. ditions of ( , Conditions-Are Different. The 'conditions are "vastly differ ent in such a trade as the building trade, where a great many of the workers are constantly moving from one scene of operation to another. In the clothing industry there has been a still different experience to guide both workers and employers in the creation of machinery through which the problems of the industry may be dealt with. One of the great evils which in earlier days confronted the workers on ladies' garments was that of discharging without adequate cause. , It was weapon resorted to by employers to break the spirit of the workers. One of the results of this has been the creation of the office of impartial chairman and a discharge is not ef fective until it has been ratified by This impartial chairman. There is. I believe, an appeal even from his decision. HarmoabrinK Is Needed. There are generally two points of view to Be harmonized in the crea tion of machinery for the solution of problems in any industry. There is the point of view of the employer seeking to protect his power and his profits. And there is the point of view of the workers seeking to safeguard their jobs and to build up a protection around working condi tions which they have been able to establish. Plans that are worked out by agreement between employers and workers as the result of conference and experience usually are Intensely practical and result in fair dealing to both parties. Of late considerable: Inventive genius has been concentrated by employers and their propagandists in -the direction of outlining various schemes of so-called employe repre sentation, the real purpose of which is to displace agencies built up by joint agreement and to break down the trade union organizations of the workers. Of course, as all fair- minded persons will concede, any proposal for employe representation which does not permit absolute free dom on the part of employes U se lect their representatives in what ever' manner they choose is not at all a system of employe representa tion, but is merely a system by which employers seek to control the ut terances and actions of the workers. Fraud Is Charged. It short it is nothing less than fraud. There can be no "meeting of minds" between workers and em ployers unless there Is on each side perfect freedom of selection of spokesmen. There must be also on each side perfect freedom in deter mining upon the method and char- mining upon the met acter of organization, There is a furthe er fact which the fruits of these are,.better live stock. The gathering of great throngs of persons for the purpose of seeing the perfection of animal husbandry serves other great ends. It im presses them with the need of bet ter livestock, of its importance and the necessity of aiding it by every legitimate means. "..' . -'' The night horse show is possibly the , most inspiring, entertainment 1 which can be seen. The Pacific -In-j ternational night horse show al ways has been worthy, but this fall it unquestionably will surpass any thing of its kind ever heia in' the west. Seven J1000 stakes have, not been offered in any other, show, so far as I know. The . enthusiasm which close and exciting competi tion on the tanbark produces can not be attained by any other form of exhibition. The pick of all the highly bred, sensitive, beautiful and intelligent horses of the land will be there on iheir mettle. It is a form of amusement Which has no peer, and one which is pot only stimulating and innocent,, but of real benefit to spectators and ex hibitors alike. . .. , rjt would seem strange -to me to meet anybody in Portland, or in Ore gon or .Washington who' does not recognize the great value flowing from the Pacific international. I have met none so far. I hope I never shall. I hope there is none. From a thousand angles and points of view we see benefits accruing to every man", woman and child, from this great Institution. . it is a source of pride to all-that the Pacific international belongs here, because of its value and be cause of its size and excellence. Comparison with other admittedly great shows only serves'to bring out its merits. It is conservative to say that there is no other show which brings so many breeds of such al most uniform excellence together.-) mere are not many shows which exhibit -mors dairy cattle, and the one which we call to mind which may surpass it has no beef cattle. There Is perhaps one show which has- more beef cattle, but- it has no dairy cattle at all. There are a few great swine shows, but that is all. The same may be true of sheep. But for symmetry and balance I do not think there is an exposition anywhere in the world which is equal to the Pacific international. It is a treat and a privilege to ex ! hibit there, for it implies a hiah de- gree of achievement. Its awards are held of " less worth than the honor of winning in its judging ring. It is a time of realization and pleasure and profit to attend It. From the standpoint of a spectator it is of more real worth than at tendance at any other gathering I can think of. I believe that Portland and the entire Pacific slope are awake to the significance of the Pacific interna tional livestock exposition. Evjry organization, public and private the manufacturers, nhe merchants, the farmers, the press and the pul pit -should unite in recognition of its needs and its importance. Exhibiting or attending are not to be considered as a matter of "help ing the show," but of helping our selves while we are enjoying our selves. Perhaps it will not come amiss -V- - f K X 1 :S i&' i w i I )v ' rv : 1 L - - " V ; r - V " ' J "r " ' f f J- ' v ' - 4 y - f, ' ' " '''"'" - l rrj 1nderwoocf.AfY must never be forgotten in con nection with the formation of what are known as shop committees and employ representation systems as fostered by the employers. Prac tically every industry, today is na tional in scope. The formation of shop committees or so-called em ploye representation schemes inde pendent of the unions of the work ers always leaves out of considera tion the fundamental fact that the different employers in a given in dustry are competitors and that to recapitulate a little, to sum up the facts which have been published before, but which may have been forgotten. The Pacific international live stock exposition is housed in the largest building of its kind in tha world ten acres under one roof. Its plant is worth approximately $750,000. In 1920 the attendance was 65. 000; in 1921 it was 101,000. In 1922 it should have an attendance of 150.000. Last year there were 3500 head of livestock, besides a large .poultry and rabbit show. This year the. in dications are that there will r ue more. The quality was as high as could be found anywhere in Amer ica. It will be even higher in some cases and in no class will it fall below ttte standard set in 1921. .' A word must be said concerning the exhibits division. This division is 728 "feet long-and 120 feet wide. The exhibits last year were surpris ing in their beauty and utility. To wander through the booths and feast the eye was a treat. This year it will be of a still higher standard of .excellence. There is no person, no matter what their age or sex or condition in life, who cannot find pleasure and" profit here. It is an opportunity for merchant and man ufacturer which would be hard to eual, to meet people and acquaint them with innumerable appliances and goods and wares of every sort. Does it seem that I have exagger ated? On the contrary. I could say far more, paint the picture in more roseate hues. There is not a state ment made which is not sober and conservative. Departments of great value 1 have not even mentioned. The Pacific international livestock exposition is a living force, a part of the lives" of the people. It is greater than any one man or any set of men. I believe it to be great er than this generation can appre ciate. I hope to see it grow this year, and next year and every year to come. , Tha time selected is November 4 11, this year. These dates follow other splendid livestock -shows in San Francisco, Spokane and other cities. Great breeders are making plaits sirtady to come to the Pa cific international after making other shows, for a . final trial in the show ring. Probably there has never been in the past agreater opportunity to see such a collection of perfect livestock in the west. SCH0LARSHIP IS GOOD So Fraternities or Sororities on Probation at Corvallls.' OREGON AGRICULTURAL COL LEGE. Corvallis, Sept. 23. (Spe cial.) A clean scholarship recor-1 was maintained by fraternity and sorority houses on the campus the spring term of last year, as re ported by Dean George W. Peavy, chairman of the committee on stu dent affairs. No organization is on probation for low grades. The highest average made by any Greek letter organization was S9.06 per cent, by the Alpha Rho girls. The Delta Zeta sorority was next with 88.36. and the Kappa Alpha Theta third With 87. 95. The Gamma Phi Beta sorority, with 87.86, was fourth and hiher than the highest men's fraternity .average of 87.68, made by Chi Alpha Pi. Kappa Delta Sigma made 87.67 and Phi Sigma Kappa 87,39. Student body average jumped to 84.62 last term. Men averaged 84.02 and. girls 85.92. Men in fraternities averaged 85.54 and those living out side made 83.16. Sorority women made 86.75 and those not in sorori ties made 85.16. unless there is a fixed standard of minimum wages, maximum hours of work and working conditions to prevail throughout the industry the whole process becomes anarchial and prejudicial to the welfare of the industry and therefore preju dicial to industrial progress and common welfare in general. I don't know whether employers fail to see this or whether reac tionary opposition to trade unions blinds them to everything beyond that opposition. I do know that OREGON-SPIRIT EVERY BIT AS GOOD AS CALIFORNIA'S Neighbor to South Is Spending Money on Advertising, but Has No Greater Opportunities to Offer. . RY ROBERT W. OSBORN, Executive Secretary the City Club. Representing the Portland ,City club and Chamber of Commerce, the writer presents a review of outstanding events and personalities at the Second Western Summer School of Community Leadership and the annual conference of the Califor nia League of Municlpalitlea held - at Stanford university during the past week. pi TANFORD UNIVERSITY. Palo Alto. Cal.. Sept. .23 (Special.) After one week of elbow rubbing with "California spirit" as typified by the attendance here at Stanford of nearly 70 of the liveliest representatives of chamber -of com merce . organizations In the state and of several hundred delegates including mayors, city attorneys, engineers, health officials, munici pal experts, city planners, etc. at tending the League of Municipalities convention, I am convinced that the brand of spirit and "pep" exhibited, and, goodness knows, there is a lot of it, is not one bit superior to Ore gon's publicity and hospitality. In fact, the work of tha City club, Chamber o Commerce end other organizations in Portland and the state does not suffer by comparison with the projects represented here. The only difference I can see be tween Oregon and . California spirit, and that means initiative and op limi.m Is the oualitv of output. California began earlier and is fol- lowing it up with greater ven geance. The "booster" and co-operative effort is everywhere in evi dence. Municipalities Are Organised. Take, for instance, the League of California Municipalities,- which, by the way, has a membership of 240 communities out of a possible 256 in California. This organization began 2'5 years ago! Since that time its work has won national recog nition for its progress in. handling in common the vital projects of its member cities. ' -During. -he past week the delegates to the conven tion have met for the united discus sion of nearly every problem known to the community public health, forms of government, budgets and ta.xes, legal questions, city planning, education, engineering and legisla tion. -.'.' Everyone will admit that .Califor nia is well advertised, but. not being satisfied, a fund of $400,000 has been raised to sell California as a state to the nation. Dr. B. M. Rastall, author of the San Francisco "civic programme," director of the fund, outlined his plans for a national advertising to begin in November which is Intended to bring an ava lanche of homeseftkers to this state, advertising which will admit the superior qualities of California in every branch of industry. : - Railroads are to. co-operate .' by granting low fares, school children will be taught to correspond with eastern school children, motion pic tures will be broadcast and once the flood of visitors is started, care fully planned home- organizations are being built to employ personal salesmanship in. locating the visitor permanently. Which all gees to show that per haps a 1925 exposition is necessary to compete with our neighbor tothe south. President Wilbur Gives Welcome. President Ray Lyman Wilbur of Leland Stanford university gave the address of welcome to delegates and secetaries on, Tuesday and later, as the welfare of industry in general as well as the welfare of workers in particular demands the existence and continued growth of the trade union movement. The trade union movement and its philosophy of voluntary co-operation offers prog ress to industry and justice to the workers. - Unions Get Baching:, it so . happens that the workers in the United States believe in trade unions and organize in trade unions. 1 In nalthAr thA rifht llOf the province of employers to attempt to say how the workers shall or ganize. That is and must remain the unabridged right of the workers themselves. . Analysis will show that every proposition put forth by employers and not accepted by the workers, having for its ostensible purpose the business of dealing with the relations between employers and workers, is at heart a proposal for some sort of limitation upon the rights and activities of the workers. The profit-sharing idea is an ex cellent example. This Idea has been before the public for a number of years. The American labor move ment has opposed it from the out set. The labor movement naturally wants every worker to receive the highest possible return for his labor. If labor, therefore, opposes the profit-sharing system it must Via KanaiisA it does something more than bring a money return to the workers. Workers Get Lilttle. , The truth about the profit-sharing system is that it does not even bring a money return to the work ers In most cases and that its main object is to throw around the work ers an influence which seeks to bind them to their Jobs. The employer calculates almost invariably that a worker will not insist upon 'his rights or will not participate in a protest against unjust conditions if he thinks that such action will jeopardize a possible share in what ever profits may accrue at the end of the year. In a great many cases the em ployer is right in this thought. The vast majority of American" workers, however, have not been deluded by the profit-sharing idea. They know that when an employer inaugurates "a profit-sharing system he also en deavors to formulate a wage scale accordingly. They know that in practically every case where an employer inaugurates a profit-sharing system he also formulates rules and regulations providing for for feiture of participation, so that it is rendered practically impossible for the worker to make any pro test or to make any demand in con nection with wages or working conditions. Definite Wage Wanted. In addition to all original con tentions against the profit-sharing theory there is another considera tion which probably counts as heavily as any other among Amer ican workmen, and that is the in grained feeling on the part of Amer ican workmen that they want to know definitely what their wage is going to be and they want no element of speculation in that con nection. . They ar not gamblers where their wages are concerned. They have an almost universal de sire to agree to expend their ef fort for a definitely established wage. It will be a long time be- president of the American Medical association delivered a striking, ad dress on public health. He empha sized the economic consequences of illness among productive workers, delivered a broadside against the opponents of public health methods and drove home the message of child health conservation to his au dience of city officials. "Mosquitoes, by biting the Ro mans and causing malarial fever, reallv caused the downfall of l Rome," he pointed put in P'lna ing the need for sanitary provisions. "The health of the cnna is me greatest asset of a nation today. We, must think in terms of what that child will be In 20 years, whether it will be a bum, a cripple, below normal, in a public institution or whether it will become a normal, intelligent citizen. Children are no longer reared according to the old fashioned principles of grandmoth ers. Fact has replaced opinion in medicine." ' Stanford University Notable. The visitor to the Stanford cam pus cannot fail to be impressed with its pleasing grounds, the long, arched corridors extending through out the quadrangle, and the simple but Imposing architectural design of the buildings. A surprising, al most breath-taking sight is the Memorial cnurcn, parciany stroyed by the great earthquake. but nbw restored to even greater beauty. Its mosaic designs are not surpassed any place in. this country. Thenew. library building is also a notable addition. President " Wilbur stated that a "million dollars In brains" had been employed for the coming term, opening October 1. The college has just completed a $2,000,000 endow ment campaign, and contemplates another campaign for a million for buildings. A barbecue on top of the huge Stanford stadium was a great event for the delegates under the auspices of the city of- Palo Alto one evening this week. A football game in the b-vl was only needed to complete the occasion, although a number had enjoyed watching the football practice now under way on the campus. Nearly 80 red-coated hus kies were out for signal practice, dummy practice and general work outs. Training rules have been laid down and the snappy work pulled off for our benefit predicts that Stanford will make' its mark this fall. The Stanford stadium, seating 65.000 people, was finished In time for a big game last November, and enough money was taken in that jingle instance to more than pay the cost of the bowl, which had been met by alumni subscriptions. The college is now building a $150.. 000 girls' dormitory out of the pro ceeds from games at the stadium. Using football as a source of reve nue for educational purposes Is a new departure! Throughout the proceedings here, j rrom trie time ri. S. Buttenheim of New York- and president of the American City bureau opened the school, a high note of community service and leadership has been sounded. The stories of community development, in the face of the greatest obstacles, that have been told, are examples for others to profit by. In one of the sessions Clyde L. Seavey, city manager of Sacra mento, told of the experiences of fore any employer produces a profit sharing proposal that will overcome this e ver-commendable psycholog ical obstacle. A few days ago I had the pleasure of reading an account of how Mr. Edison invented the phonograph. He worked out a theory which had een developing in his mind, and then he made certain drawings, which he sent to an instrument maker. When certain materials were put together in accordance with the drawings, fliere was pro duced an instrument which would record and reproduce the human voice. There are persons who think that human agencies and institu tions can be brought into being in the same way. Case Considered Different. I am not one of these persons. The instrument maker who made Mr. Edison"s first phonograph had no .idea of the principle involved and it was not necessary that he should have any such idea. It was neces sary only that he carry out faith fully the plans laid before him. In the working out of human relations, those who create the agencies and institutions also must be the ones who have an understanding of the principle involved. In the relation ships between workers and employ ers there is no master mind that can draw the blue prints from which others are to erect the perfect ma chine. We make 'no claim to perfection, but we do claim that our method of procedure is fundamentally correct and that the principle of Joint ne gotiation and agreement is the one fundamental and vital principle which must be accepted if we are to have peaceful, constructive and progressive industrial relations. Everything rests, ujjon that prin ciple. If and wherever that prin ciple is de-fled Industry must suffer a loss ad eventually there must :u either a condition of servitude or a condition of chaos. Method I I'slmportantt If and wherever that principle is accepted there need he no fear for the future and there need be no grave ooncern over the exact meth ods to be employed in arranging the method and machinery of the rela tionship between employers and workers. Those who are willing to meet together and to take counsel together and to reach voluntary pgreements will be able, as they have proven themselves able, to erect the machinery best calculated to serve their purposes. There is. no one so well qualified as those who are engaged in the in dustry to determine upon the insti tutions and agencies which best will meet the needs of those engaged in the industry. The wisdom that ex ists outside of any industry concern Ing that industry is seldom worth tuking into account. Kesottatlons Principle Destroyed. We have been having Industrial disputes of -considerable magnitude. These have resulted from a defiance of the principle of joint negotiation and agreement and from no other cause. No matter how perfect may have been the machinery within the industries involved for carrying on relationships between employers and workers, all of that machinery be comes useless and purposeless the moment the employers violate the Major principle. No matter how pleasing and satisfactory the super that city during Its year of city managership, when $113,000 was saved in the administration of city affairs, with an actual increase in the amount of work done and a great improvement in civic and moral conditions. 1 r. A. Simmons of the San Vrn n - cisco chamber gave a vivid presen tation of the need for optimism and fellowship in a board of directors of a civic organization, snd of the need for a steady, one step at a time programme in community develop ment. D. D. Watklns of the University of California gave a demonstration In public speaking that will long be remembered by the delegates, and C. A. Dykstra. executive secretary of the City club of LOs Angeles, for merly of the City club of Chlcapoi made a distinct contribution In his address on civic relationships. There should he a great surge in community activities when these men return to their respective cities. Outside of Caiifornia, there are secretaries here representing Arizona. New Mexico. Utah. Nevada snd Oregon. T. A. Stevenson, sec retary of the Klamath Falls cham ber, is the other Oregon representa tive. ' Engineers to Meet. SAN FRANCISCO, Sept, 23. Engi neers from every part of the world are expected here September 25-29 to attend the 126th meetlnir of the Here's a Real Beauty Maker Pimples, Blotches, Blackheads, Boils, Muddiness and Redness Disappear When" You Use Stuart's Calcium Wafers. If your ambition is to have the loveliest of complexions here Is a real beauty secret: Use Stuart's Calcium Wafers. It la no secret, however, to thousands of pretty girls all over the U. S. who have relied upon these wonder wafers to keep their complexions perfectly beautiful instead of wasting time with cosmetics. These wafers go directly after those embarrassing pimples, blackheads snd other such blemishes. It is not a round-about way. You get results every minute. You are sure of it in a few hours. They clear the - blood, they drive from the system me impurities mat cause pimples. The calcium goes to the skin, acts as a tonic, stimulates the tiny nerves, pores snd blood vessels to renewed activity, and lo! before you realize It the skin is peachy, firm, clear and the picture of a rweet, rosy complexion. Gt t a 60 cent box today of Stuart's Cal cium Wafers in any drug store and you will have a real beauty maker to clear your skin of pimples, red ness, roughness and, such, destroyers of beauty. Adv. fr,.J.v...jc,vJM.uuaAa-aAAjJafl.-- i ilnifftsn structure may be, it depended for l' continued existence upon what lies underneath, and our movement lays i he emphasis upon what lies under neath. There yet is much room n our industrial life forth laying of foundations. Consider the condition existing In the steel llndusry. It Is ths pur pose of the great employers In the steel Industry to operate that Indus try as long as possible on an auto- ; cratlc basis. It is their purpose to allow the workers no voire In de termining terms and conditions of employment. The whole industry suffers from this autocracy and con sequently the nation suffers. Men cannot be driven Into riving good , will, and good will Is Indispensable to the best, most efficient coaduct of Industry. Situation Not Considered. Of course, unfortunately, most people do not consider this aspect cf the situation at all. When It be comes generally known that auto cratic control of industry lakes a toll from the life and work and prosperity of our entire citizenship there will be a different national viewpoint toward such outrages ss that practiced by Mr. liary and bis associates. This autocratic steel industry has Inflicted upon the workers In that industry what It Is pleased to call a profit-sharing system. It is ludi crous to say that the steel trust , has shared any of its profits wHa Its workers, and It also la untrue. The steel trust merely pays to the workers under ths guise of profits a portion of the money which It rets aside for wages, and which sots as a substitute for wages. The steel trust believes it Is decelvtnar ths workers, snd perhaps It Is deceiv ing some of them. It Is reft dolr justice to any of them with the ex ception of those that are orsanlied and are in a position to secure Jus tice for themselves. .Steel Trust Cited. I think the steel trust la an ex cellent answer to those who coma offering theories under various more or less fancy designations, the object of which Is to create innchln- ' ery whlrh is supposed to he better than the machinery which tha work ers and the emploers have been able to fish Inn out of their espe ilence. There can be no machinery of any kind for tlie Improvement of relations or for the promotion of in dustrial w.'ll-lx inii aud efficiency In the steel Induatry until there Is In that industry a recoe-nitinn of the basic principle which I already have Coso.rlt-cd. Until there can be a vol untary coming together of organ Ued workers in their omanlzed ca pacity and of employfrs In (hi ir cev paclty as employers thete can be nothing beyond. I have no fear ss to the proa-res-Mvenees of the American wolkers they are the Intellectual uals of any. Their Institutions will he as high in character as the Institutions to be found anywhere. Hut no one can erect instltm Ions, aool or bad, until certain f tindiimentals have 'een cared for. We An not ask our children to take up teometry until after they have leaimd arl'hmetlo There stiii Is much Hrlthmetlc to be learned by .American emplnvet s. and as rapldlv as they phsll hare learned their ariehmetlc we will jruarantee o provide for tlfni t'if lessons la geometry. (Oopyrtrht, t'.". vhe-i vn!re. Ine American In.-titcie f JMnlnit and Metallurgical Knxlr. - Trips to points of li te is! !ti be bay reslon have been p:nnnc1 f..r the visitors. Including r specli: ururHon to ths hydro-electric !e -niment projsot at Hetch Heichy Kxteiiclte SUInsxaftlng; Success. BKLVIDEHE. I'l. With the com pletion of the transferrin of 141 square-Inches of mk'.n from 4 per sons to the body of Helen Hoags, 16-year-old explosion victim, phy sicians here declare that the most extensive skin grafting operation ever attemnfeil I a success. CORNS Lift Off with Fingers Doesn't hurt a bit! Drop a little Freezone" on an -aching corn, in stantly that corn stops hurting, then shortly you lift It right off with fingers. Truly! Your drugglat sells a tiny bottle of Freezone" for a few cents, suffi cient to remove every bard corn, soft corn, or corn between the toes, and the calluses, without soreness or Irritation. Adv. DPI irs TOO Mmuitf1 fountains IU J at all Dru$ Stores So 1.. UA Sirci or Home Use ml M I J vs