Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (March 27, 1921)
13 TIIE SUNDAY OTtEGOXlAX, PORTLAND, MARCH 27. 1921 COUNTESS DE SAINT SEINE IS IN AMERICA WITH MOTHER WHOSE HOME WAS BURNED Widow of Man Killed in Action Against Germans Rescues Parent After Black and Tans Destroy Home Near Athlone, Ireland Miss Helen C. Miller to Plant Senior Class Tree at Wellesley College. Vf. " linasroodf.Y 4 f -i - H- Il'ndertvcod & lnderk-oodMY COUNTESS DE SAINT SEINE, w id 6w of Count Henry de Saint Seine, and her mother, Mrs. Catherine Bussy, recently arrived in New York on the La France. Cont de Seine had the unusual distinction of leading the first two American raids against the Germans. He was 'killed In action. Mrs. Bussy's home near .'Athlone, Ireland, recently was raided by the black and tans, and she was forced to fcave it at 2 o'clock in the morning.- She is 81 years old. "U'hen the countess heard of the inci dent, she went to Ireland and brought her mother to America. Miss Helen C. 'Miller, a blue-eyed GLIMPSE GIVEN OF WORK OF BIG NEWS-GATHERING AGENCY How Associated Press Handles Great Event Like National Election Revealed in Illuminating Article Tribute Paid to Deviser of System. (Copyright by the New York Evening Post, Inc. Published by Arrangement. ) - (The following article on the election rvlee of the Associated Press appeared in me Aev iorK evening fust recently.) -V J BW YOrtK. March 26. (Special.) I The public knows little of the . men to whom it really owes the things upon which it depends from day to day. People read in the news papers the names of "headliners," to whom Is given the credit for great achievements in railroading indus try, great system's of distribution, finance, little realizing in how many cases the real work Is done by in dividuals just out of sight, whose names do not appear at all. The recent death of Wilmer Stuart, head of the market and statistical Hepartments of the Associated Press, brings to notice a case of just this kind. For whatever credit may be long to the "headliners," and- to the rank and file In the service who have carried out the plan, to Wilmer Stuart more than to any other individual belongs the real glory of having de vised and constructed the intricate and effective system by which the newspapers receive the news of na tional elections. For the material of . the following article, which affords the layman a eeldom-granted Inside glimpse of the work of the greaf news association in one of its most fascinating aspects, readers are indebted to the Associat ed Press Itself: , The momentous public service done Tby the Associated Press In the prompt collection o(S returns from- the presi dential election last fall was strik ingly emphasised in the Wholly per functory . character of the official canvass In Washington on February 9. On that date the senate and house met In Joint session and with the tra dltional precautions against error and fraud performed the rite of counting the votes of the electors chosen on November 3. It appearing that the republican candidates had received 404 votes, as against 127 cast for the democratic, the vice-president with due solemnity declared that "Warren G. Harding had been elected president and Calvin Coolidge vice president of the United States. The scene was dignified and impressive, but not thrilling or very surprisingly "newsy." . For once the spectators in the galleries observed the rule for bidding applause. The published re ports sold no newspapers nor reached &. .- v- blonde from Waco Tex., was selected by the tree-day committee of Welles ley college to plant the senior class tree at the 'commencement exercises This, it was declared, meant that she was the prettiest girl in the college and a very bright one. too. rar.is has a new ruler Mile. Yvonne Baclu. Vhosenyby public ballot as The Queen of Queens." She has dark brown hair and eyes, is 21 years Did and is a typist. - Mrs. Tost Wheeler is the wife of the counsellor of the American lega tion in Stockholm, Sweden end is known to the'library world as Hallle Erminie Rives. Mr. and Mrs. Wheeler are visiting in America on leave. first pages except when accompanied with Jocular headlines. But on the morning of election day, when the polls at New Ashford, Mass., closed at the 'unprecedented hour of 7:25 A. M., the news of how her 34 citizens had voted had been flashed across the continent! The explanation of the popular In difference to the formalities at Wash ington Is to be found in a casual comment buried modestly in a news dispatch dealing briefly with the of ficial canvass: "The formal vote as declared tal lied with the Informal returns known to the public on the day after the election." CsngreM O. K.'s the Prras. In other words, congress had gone through the motions of making known what everyone "had learned through the medium of the press not many hours after the balloting had ended. The task of assembling, con firming, tabulating and announcing the result of a referendum in which 26.759.708 persons participated . had occupied local, state and national of ficials for three months. The elec tion machine of the Associated Press accomplished the same thing over night. The present efficiency of the Asso ciated Press election machine as ex emplified on the night of November 2 is a monument to the memory of Wilmer Stuart, whose regrettable death occurred at a time when he was being congratulated by hundreds of publishers on the triumph of his genius and indomitable purpose. Some years ago the management foresaw the public necessity for 'a swift and sure determination of elec tion results. In the larger cities in dividual newspapers were expending large sums in duplicated efforts in collecting the returns of one or sev eral states. In many cases the work was done well, but the field covered was necessarily limited. - Telegraph and telephone companies gathered returns from the large cities and sold theirservices' to clubs and individ uals. The news agencies did some original work, but largely obtained their returns from these other agen cies. There was no organization op erating throughout the country, and from Its own responsible sources, and so in an authoritative position to determine and declare on its own responsibility the results that were ef nation-wide interest. Air. frtwart, who fox many years had "A w ; fA v - j fi vans"85 1 I g T ' lndermood ft Undrwoodl: been head of the manket department in the N w York effice, was. chosen to build such an organization from the membership, editorial staffs .and correspondents of the Associated Press. He brought to the work an aptitude for organization ' combined to an unnsual degree with a capacity for detail. He adopted what was practical in the existing systems and gradually worked out a plan that is virtually identical in its operation in the states throughout the country. The result was so to co-ordinate the work that the country could be di vided into zones, each working inde pendently in a sense but at the same time all functioning as a single ma chine. The election of a president Is but a part of the task. .Each zone must gather not only the returns of general interest but those of merely local interest. So, while the 'New York office is affording the country the vote of that state for president, it is supplying for local consumption the vote for governor and their state offi cers. United States senators arid rep resentatives and the make-up of the state legislature. The same thing is being done in other states, and the magnitude of the work Involved will not be readily comprehended by those who have not actively participated in it. . . The new machine worked well, in 1916. but was immensely Improved In the next four- years. For 18 montns preceding the last general election Mr. Stuart traveled the length and breadth of the country perfecting his plans and explaining to publishers the part each one was to play for the benefit of all. Where the . machine was already in operation a . great amount of detail was to be ddne. In many states preparations for the gathering of the returns on the night of November 2 were begun on Au gust 1. , ' ' Senior la Simplified. A single Illustration will suggest much. In the old way many hours were taken up with the transmission to the tabulation headquarters ad back to the 'newspapers of the full names, addresses and party designa tions of those elected to the state' legislatures.- Now in each state the newspapers are supplied in advance with a, book containing the full name, address and politics of all candidates. Each candidate is ' given a number. On election night ;the numbers only of the successful ones are 'transmit ted on the wires. From these numbers the editors identify the winners and strike out the names' of their oppo nents. At the end of the :night the editor has a' complete record of .the new membership. The transmission f the numerals has occupied an in significant amount of time on the wires. The work of Mr. Stuart and his lieu tenants represents the most advanced effort in news gathering. . Happily it constitutes a patriotic performance Newspaper men have been chided for refusing to notice the half truths with the telling of which it is sometimes sought to discredit their profession. - For many, an explanation . may be found in the.'consciousness that they have an honorable place in that great, silent army of men who. like Mr. Stuart, are less concerned with the criticisms of the uninformed , than with the opportunity for public serv ice through the medium of an institu tion that recognizes no master but the truth. gome idea of this very efficient elec tion machine can be given here. - It Is composed of 'some 50.000 men, of whom several humired - are ' highly trained election , experts and as many more skilled accountants. It made constant use of a system of tele graph wires which, extended in a sin gle circuit, would reach around thf globe five'times.- It. employed tele phone wires that could jgtretch from New York city across ', the " United States, the Pacific and Siberia to Pet rograd. and. if permitted by the soviet' government, a long distance toward home again. To keep the machine go in 15 hours there was required an expenditure of a quarter of a millionj dollars. .' '- .- Two Errnts Contrasted. It is not so simple to-grasp the importance of the service to the pub lic which lies in the immediate and accurate gathering of election re- ' turns. Resort to comparisons will help. George Washington had been elected president two months when he found it out. Warren G. Harding knew that he had been elected before the polls had closed in California. Instantly this comparison suggests the development of the. telegraph and the telephone and improved means of transportation. But allow for these and add to the balance the latest devices of science wireless teleg raphy and telephony, and the auto matic Drinter which, attached to a telegraph wire, lypes away at the elbow of the editor the unending tale of history In the making. . Still the story is not told. ' v The point is that in Washington's day the newspapers did not assume the responsibility of ' collecting . the re turns. Today they .do. If they did not meet this responsibility with sys tem and thoroughness1 chaos would result. A. hundred years 'ago the public awaited .with, more or less anxiety the outcome of -the official canvass. But for the '.enterprise of the press the public would await the official canvass today, and for ob vious reasons with a thousand times greater concern. The official procedure has not been greatly improved since the elections of February, 1789. Under modern conditions of travel, to be sure, the electoral votes would not be two weeks in reaching the capital. Con gress hardly would be a month late in assembling, and certainly Wash ington, at his home at Mount Vernon, would not have to wait still another week for the arrival. 'Of a messenger with the news of the honor that had been thrust upon him. But aside from the advantage taken of the railways, the routine proceedings 'are about as slow as ever. Even in state elections the time taken for the official can vass varies from three to six weeks. Imagine the millions of people in the United States of today held In suspense for three weeks with the presidency at stake! Time Important' Matter. A newspaper man who had de scribed with enthusiasm and, as he thought, vividly, the swift reporting of an important news event was somewhat taken aback when one of those persons who manage to get into every audience casually inquired what difference it would havemade If the news had been reported in ten hours instead of ten seconds.' The obvious reply. was that in all-probability it would not have made any difference to the questioner. However, it is pret ty generally accepted that whatever is worth doing at aJ.1 is worth doing in the best possible manner. The American newspaper reader as a rule wishes the news while it is news. But transcending in -.importance all other considerations is the political and economic necessity of determining at the earliest possible moment the out come of a national election. Nothing else so disturbs the commercial life of the nation as a presidential cam paign. The possibility of a change in the administration at Washington may gravely affect our foreign rela tions. This aside from what the phy sicians and psychologists tell us of the effect on body and mind of the strain unavoidable in the heat of a political struggle. . - This point need not be stressed for those who recall the Hayes and Til den campaign in 187. For weeks after the election the result remained in doubt, while passions were so aroused by evidences of intimidation and fraud that, to the minds of some, violence and even civil war were threatened. The official machine, with all its sup posed safeguards and upon which alone the public relied .for the facts, brake down, and congress in despera tion suffered the humiliation of hav ing to abandon its appointed proc esses and delegate the authority of a dec'sion to an extra-constitutional tribunal. . Much at Issue Today.' One may contemplate only with horror another experience such as that of 1876. Before the world war we might have perm'tted ourselves the smug assurance that ' partisanship would not go to such extremes again. The last few years ..have revealed a human nature not greatly changed by a democratic form of government, and there is vastly more at .issue at the polls today than there-1 was, 45 years ago. ' . - '.' .-. It may be noo much to assert that with the Associated -Press gathering the returns, the republic never again will be exposed to the dangers at tending a long period of uncertainty as to who has been chosen for the presidency and the suspicions of fraud that uncertainty breeds. But such a contingency is highly improbable. Of course, the Associated Press does not tapervise the voting or count the ballots. Its work begins when it re ceives the total figures from the local official counters. They may have been intimidation or ballot box stuffing. The concern f the eWtipr. reporter must be with-the totals handed him. However, the election system of the great news organization, in its very workings has reduced the possibility of successful fraud to a minimum. For purposes of tabulation the pre cinct has been adopted as the election unit. The votes cast in a single pre cinct vary from a handful in a small town to a thousand or more in the larger cities.1 The election' reporters gather the precinct totals and thus these become a matter of record. City, ward and town totals are preserved in a permanent ,reoord by the Associated Press. This record eliminates the possibility of a manipulation of the returns in the In'erval between their release to the Ipress and the formal delivery to the 'secretary of state, - - Any discrepancy between the grand totals arrived at election night and the results of the official canvass would be noted at once and become the subject of a searching investiga tion, if not by the state, assuredly by tile press in self-defense. In the past I the most serious frauds have been i committed probably as here indicated, and the connivance of a few corrupt officials would make them easily pos - sible now were, it not for the eternal vigilance of the newspapers., The precinct totals cannot De di rectly checked, bat they, too. are checked indirectly and quite as effec tively. The election staff at every center of tabulation Includes an edi tor whose business it is to analyze the vote and write the "running" story. Every total from his zone comes under his eye. and whatever in the way of past 'performances is not in his head is near at hand in the records of earlier elections. He watches for and makes note of the significant and unusual in the ballot ing the marked increase in the labor vote in the mill town where a strike has taken a political turn, or the fail ure of a candidate o carry his home precinct. Suppone . a ward In' New York city that for yearai has gone almost solid ly demderatic reports an overwhelm ing plurality for a republican candi date.. The analysis editor ' pounces upon that . total as - material' for an interesting, paragraph. ' But having his doubts,' he sends the figures back for confirmation. - If they. are found to be as reported by the officials they go into tiis stpry and ery Jikely at the same time are incorporated in a "bulletin" for the papers. .'Within five minutes the surprising result is flashed on the bulletin . boards, and from ' the throat of every -democrat among the, thousands in . the streets there rises a howl of dissent that may be heard' from the Battery ; to the Bronx. "-An inquiry follows as a mat ter of course, and if there has, been fraud it Is soon exposed. The Asso ciated Press is not engaged in police duty but t throws the light of pub licity into the dark corners, be they in the polling places or elsewhere. ' Accuracy First Essential. - , The speed with which the election machinery works will most fascinate the" popular imagination, but accuracy is the, first essential in the gathering and tabulation of returns: "'To this, when necessary, speed must be sac rificed. All returns received are con firmed and checked before they go to the tabulators. All the work of-the tabulators is done in duplicate, and the error of an individual is instant ly betrayed. As a matter of courtesy it is assumed that the official figures are correct when they differ slightly from the. press totals. Out of a total of 250.000 votes cast in certain- state elections there has-been a difference of only 40 votes between tl)e official and the press figures, though three weeks had been consumed in arriving at the official .totals, and the press figures had been collected and tabu lated in about as many hours. Twice in Massachusetts in recent years the state has v "elected" the wrong candidate. In both cases the supposedly defeated candidate ap pealed on the ground that the figures announced by the Boston bureau of the Associated Press, from which the election work in the New Kngland states is directed, showed - him - the winner. A comparison proved the of ficial figures to be wrong and the press figures correct in both in stances. Both protestants subse quently received certificates of elec tion. In the more recent case a differ ence of slightly more than 1000 votes between the official and unofficial to tans having been .noted,; permission was asked to examine the state's rec ord. This was cheerfully granted by the secretary of state, and two of the bureau's election experts were put to work. Within 20 minutes they had discovered u error in addlion of 1000 votes; y . Results Never Predicted. In announcing election results that it knows will be accepted in good faith by the public, weeks in advance of the official assurance, the Associated Press assumes a tremendous responsi bility. For it to make a false an nouncement regarding the presidency would be little short of a national catastrophe. That its managers are profoundly conscious oi this is made plain in the inviolable rule that ac curacy overshadows every considera tion of speed or the convenience of its members. Inaccuracy is the un pardonable sin for election workers."' In harmony with this policy, t6e Associated Press n-ver predicts an election result. . Guessing and specu lation are rigidly forbidden. The figures must tell their own story. From time to time as the count pro gresses, bulletins are issued, showing the relative standing of the candidates in a designated number of precincts out of the total in the state and add ing the gratuitious cor-ment that should the same ratio be maintained throughout the state the candidate then leading would be elected with a plurality indicated. But this is purely a matter of mathematics and in no sense an attempt to anticipate the result. On the morning after the presiden tial election of 1916 many newspapers, but not all, announced that Hughes had been elected. That announce ment represented the judgment of their editors, based in part on the Associated Press figures then avail able, but more largely influenced by the fact that New York,' Pennsyl vania, Indiana and Illinois were known to be safely in the republican column. By all the old-time rules of prediction, bolstered by the con fident claims of republican commit teemen, President Wilson had been defeated. But the actual figures did not say so, and the Associated Press stuck to the figures. There was every temptation to Join the vast majority who had "jumped" the seemingly almost certain result, and it is to the everiasting credit of the news organization that it was willing to sacrifice any prestige it might "ve gamea Jn order to ful fill its solemn mission of reflecting the exact situation from hour to hour On Thursday morning for the first time the figures showed the re-election of President. Wilson, and the Associated .Press was the first to an nounce that fact. . . - V Some "Systems Persist. . At this late day, it may . be added without violence , to the sensibilities of political editors whose calculations went wrongvin 1916, that at no time after the election did the figures, sci entifically analyzed. Indicate the elec tion of Hughes. Though the Asso ciated Press does not predict, it does some figuring on probabilities for its own information, and the results of this figuring at times have appeared almost uncanny when compared with the facts revealed. Among the many "systems" . used by individuals to forecast election results, and which on occasions have failed to work.- a few still persist. One is to calculate pluralities by fig uring from the gain made by the leading candidate in any section over the vote received by the man of the same politics who' ran for the same office at the preceding election. The fallacy of this reckoning is found in the fact that it does not take Into ac count any increase or falling off in the registration due to a change in the size of the population. An even less trustworthy "system" assumes that, as the father voted so will vote the son and daughter a wholly un warranted premise in these days of many minds in the same family. . ' i.. Red Aviators to Carry Mail LONDON. A wireless message from Moscow says that "now the red army has been placed on a peace footing it has been decided to use the whole of the aviation service for postal re quirements." . PLAN GARDEN CAREFULLY; HOWEVER SMALL IT MAY BE ' . . . i . - Space Is Important to Urban Food Producer and Only Vith Close At tention to Essential Details Can One Expect Maximum Results., BY. 6HEBA. CHILDS HARGREAVES. THE quantity of vegetables to-be 'raised on a small plot of ground depends in a large measure upoh arrangement of the garden. The city gardener would do well to study care fully the European methods of inten sive c'uiture, btf means of which the. peasant who has but a few feet of ground at his disposal manages to grow all the vegetables that a lasge family can .use. Here in America space heretofore has oeen unlimited, but with the building up of Vn& cities the urban gardener finds' himself in the position of the peasant. .. - -. In. planning a garden, whether large or small, the first step Is to lay it out to scale on paper, so there will be no waste spaces and the veget ables will have positions where they will not interfere with each other. For, instance, in planning, the tall growing things, such as corn, might be placed where they shut off some sun from the cucumbers, which do well In partial shade, but. tomatoes planted near the corn would not ripen fruit well. ; And so it goes. It is these little attentions to detail that mark the skillful gardener. tiardrn Record Valuable. A garden diary faithfully kept is a great help in gardening. If the plans are saved from year to year they pre vent planting the vegetables In the same place In successive seasons. There must be a constant shifting about or the "soil becomes worn and depleted after a yearor two. Then if times of planting and the date of the first gatherings are noted, to gether with varieties used, this infor mation will prove valuable. There are little hints that are soon forgot ten unless they are Jotted down, as well as clippings which are apt to be lost by the time they are needed, but gathered and made into a book may be referred to at a moment's notice. Carefully planned and faithfully cultivated, a 50 by 100 foot lot can be. made tw produce all that an average family will need in the way or sum mer vegetables, and by" Intensive methods the potatoes and dry onions can be managed together with a win ter garden which would be planted after the first crops are well. out of the way. But to do this the soil must be right and the work attended to promptly.' It Is, however, no more work to care for one lot in this man ner than It is to keep two or three times ; the space in an Indifferent manner, and results will be even bet ter on the small plot well tended' ', Wheel Hoe Worth Cost. Even In small city gardens I am In clined to believe that a wheel hoe is well worth the money, unless thte gar dener wishes to hoe for exercise. The wheel hoe will cultivate in an hour as much ground as a hoe will in from three to four hours. It is equipped with a small plowshare which is use ful in turning over soil for new plant ings; there are also various attach ments for cutting weeds below the Gurface of the ground and for har rowing and good deep stirring of the soil. It is best to buy the light makes they are not so tiring to op erate; a woman- can easily manage the smaller sizes. The laying out of the garden de pends somewhat upon, the slope of the land, and whether the plot is shaded by trees or buildings, but gen erally it is best to run the rows from north to south the plants get the sun a little longer. Straight rows running the entire length of the gar den look better and are much easier to cultivate. If an entlre. row of any one vegetable is too much it may contain more than one variety. There ftiiniiniiimiiimiiHHfiHiiiimtifniHiiniiimiiiiiiiiiuiiiiMi imiiiniitimimHit ' Portland Headquarters I for I I "Highest Quality" Seeds, Plants and I Garden Supplies I Htw-rSr. I "Portland Shop early and avoid the afternoon spring rush. f We sell Poultry, Pet Stock and Bird Supplies, Foods, Remedies, Sprays and Sprayers. 1 160-page catalog free. iiiwnuiituHmimtliiuiimtmiitwiittittiMimtiiiiminiiiiimMliiiiintilNiif? The Original 00 Buttermilk Starting Feed It carries your chicks safely through the critical first 8 weeks. It prevents the big losses and gives chicks the quick, snappy rtaway that produces early broilers and lyers. The batterndlk pats an edge to the ap petite, while the lactic add strengthens and tonea up the sensitive digestive organs and helps to prevent White Diarrhea. Conker's is different. It is an appe tizing combination of pure, sweet grain and concentrated sanitary Buttermilk d ned oo the (rain by a special process. Conkey does not use dried buttermilk. . Conker's is dean, sweet and genuine. No mill ends, shriveled or unsound grain, weed seeds or mill sweepings used only the best and purest grain. No poultry man can afford to be without it. Ask roar dealer for Conker's or write us and we thai tell you where it can be se cured. Send for free 64-page Poultry Book on Feeding and Care of Chicks. C. E. CONKEY CO. . SSST lnlli C1miS, Okia Sold by Sontledge Seed Floral Co 115 2d St Portland. Or. e,lt is an Important exception to this rule, however' in the case of peas, beans, tomatoes, corn and such plants where fertilization Is a necessity. Un less there are a good many rVws it is best to plant in blocks of short rows. - for the chances for polleniza tion are- much less It the plants are isolated in a single, row . than where they are surrounded on all sides by the same pollen-bearing plants. ' This Is the reason why corn bears so few ears when only a few hills are planted. . , "- .Late Planting on Level. The raised bed which hurries along the .early "stuff ,1s not used in the main garden, for -as the seasons ad vances the object is to conserve all possible moisture, sq- the- planting is all made on the level". . By the time the very early stuff ls outf the way the last of the main garden may be planted by making ever the beds. Thelate cabbage, which Is to be raised from plants set in July will fill in these spaces, though it is" just as easy to raise the cabbage for fall from seed sown directly in the ground. Allow 3 or 4 seeds to the hill and then transplant all-but the strongest plant. The late turnips, both rutabagas and Swede turnips, -are also sown in July. . -X planting ' of beets and carrots .for fall use can also be made . at that time providing there is irrigation; otherwise it will be best' to wait until the first rains in September. The very early car rots and beets will .be- tough in fiber for winter-use; it Is always best to make' at least two plantings. There are some crops which do well together so that close inter cropping will really give two vegeta bles where commonly only one would be -planted. Spinach and onions do not interfere at all. planted In alter nating rows they may, be set as close as eight inches apart," but this will take very close cultivation, which. Is rather tedious if the bed is large, fly the time the spinach crop is all harvested the onions will have IS im'he8' between the rows. Peas- am! potatoes- are commonly planted to gether by the Italiau and Japanese gardeners;' sometimes the rows alter nate, but oftcher 'the potatoes are planted .in hills dirctly In the rows of peas. Potatoes, in fh,ct, may be set at any time up to the last of June or the- first of July, depending somewhat upon the season, so a hill wherever there is a vacant space any where in the garden will result in a good crop of potatoes at the end of the season. Ilnxh lleans font fcarTy. There is the choice between the tall and low growing varieties of peas and beans. Hpth sorts nave points In their favor.. The bush, beans are much earlier and are ' much less trouble to grow, but they are not nearly as heavy yielders as the pole beans: they may be made to yield throughout the entire season. thJuirh. J THE $175.00 TRAC TOR WEIGHS ONLY 135 POUNDS One Gallon ' 1 One Day's Fuel . FROM SEED TIME TO HARVEST SPRYWHKKL opens up a new era In farming. No matter how narrow the row or how tall the plant. PKfWHKKL does the work at all stages of growth. It hoes weeds, mulches and hills so easily and so fast that one man can cultivate fifteen miles of full-width rows in one day. or thirty miles of harrow rows with the three-row attachment. The SPKVWHKEL takes up the work where the big tractor leaves off. It will do any kind of cultivatnig work that one horse can do and do if cheaper and better. It is ideal for use in berry farming, as well as the production of many other small fruits. OUR DEALER OFFER We still have some desirable territory open. ur complete service of dealer helps and advertising co-operation will interest you. Write today for further details. . WEST COAST SALES COMPANY, INC. 1016 Alaska Building Distributors Seattle, Washington ; v Dealers C. V. BAKKB 315 Stwk Kirh. hid., I'ortluDd. Or. (Multnomah, W aMiingtun and t'lackamaH rountieM). MT. HOOD MOTOR TO. Hood Itfcer. Or. Hood Kiver. VVam'O counties. Or.: Klickitant. Kkamanla countim, Wanli.). C. F. SMITH Bx. 147 Winslow. Waah. , (Buinbririjce inland). Rid Your Hens of Lice IS! Lice keeps hens. from the growth of chicks. Use Dr.LeGear's Lice Killer Powder Dust each grown fowl and the mother hens - set them. Sold in Portland Routledre Seed & Floral Co., 145 Sec ond Street. , Young & Northrup, S95 Front Street. C. C. Anderson Avenue. ti Co., 841 Mississippi Boehl & W'etiler. . 11th and Division Streets. L. Chowninr, 931 Lombard Street. East Side Fert Co., 120 I'nion Avenue. H. I.. Fairly, 1834 Sandy, Corner 72d Street. Ed Fisher. 1195 Thurman. Home Mere. Co., SOS W. Burlinslon. Janrke Drnc Co., Hawthorne and Urand Avenue. if they are kept picked so that they do not mature seed. The bean is an indeterminate yielder. that is, the bloomm start near the baso of the piant and if conditions are favorable t)ie flow.ers grow on out to the end as the plant grows. The pea on the other hand is determinate In habit and so yields only for a season, the blooms all. coming at practically the same time. , The tall growing peas and beans call for some form of support, and this means considerable labor. Strong poles are best for beans and if set two ways on a slant, will answer for peas, though hazel brush or wire netting is more satisfactory. Some gardeners use a system of stakes and overhead wires with wires or string running to the hills. Pole beans are ofteh intercropped with corn the corn answering as a support; this Is well .enough if comparatively few hills of beans are allowed to the nunrber of hills of corn, otherwise fhe result will be a jungle with very little corn surviving to produce ears. t'loKp Planting Ponnlblr. If space is at-a premium it is pos sible to plant dwarf corn and any variety of beans in close rows in stead of hills, by taking care to allow room betwoen the plants in the row. Potatoes also- may be grown In this manner with a considerable saving of space. This inten.save planting, how ever, must not be construed to mean crowding of the individual plants; they must have plenty of elbow room at all times. In planting such slow germinating seeds as carrots, parsley, parsnips or vegetable oyster. It is a good plan to scatter at intervals some quick grow'ng seeds like lettuce, radish or peppergrass along in the rows to mark them so that the space between the rows may be weeded before -the crop is up. This saves a great deal of work later, for small - weeds are very easily destroyed, but left a few- weeks there is a 'Prjdigious crop ot weeds before it Is safe to culti vate. A ring of, radish seeds around the hills of cucumbers, or squash will keep the bugs from reaching the seedlings until they are able to lake care of themselves, and at the same time furnish an abundance of radishes. Hoc Better Thnn Hose. if the garden is ' to be Irrigated, IcaA-e space for shallo.v ditches at intervals along the rows and then see that the irrigating is done cor- rectly, that Is. that the sol! is satu rated once a week or so instead of given a light overheaa sprinkling every night. This . light watering brings the roots to the surface in search of moisture' and the sun dries them out. Ilrrigatir-g is not neces sary unt'l late in the season and some seasons nol at all if a good sharp 'hoe is kept faithfully going. Much of the careless watering of gardens really does more harm than good . . : A few of the shallow rooted an nuals scattered hit-or-miss in the rows of vegetables add charm to the garden and at the same time fur nish an abundance of blooms for cutting all summer Ions. Then too, work In blooming gartlen Is much pleasanter .and Just as profitable, for the flowers take up. very little actual e:arden space: m Ill 'multipliers MAN POWER BY FIVE JOHN KM IT 1 1 CO. :t Hov at..' Walla Walla, Wash. (Walla Walla count?, Wanli.: Imatllla county, Or.l. . K. I'. W. K. KOKISON 801 K. lat St., Vancouver, Waah. t Clarke county). IIOWKK' GARAGE Port Orchard, Waah. (Kitaap county). laying and stun' carefully when you and Vicinity by A. L. Jaque. 80S Clinton Street. I. Larson, 1429 Cnlon Avenue. Lenseh Bros., 241 Front Street, lnts Pharmacy, 93d and Foater Road. Montavllla Feed Co.. 1956 Eaat Stark Street. Phoenii Pharmacy, 8616 Foater Road. Clnmmer Drojr Co.. Third and Madiaon. St. Johns Hardware Co.. 103 '. Jeraey. C. J. Srhmiedeakamp, 1843 Sandy Blvd. H. W. Schults. 63d and 43th Ave? F. U. Htoll, 1999 Eaat Stark Street. Sain Welaa Co.. 349 Front Street, iealer ft Mlaner. 430 Eaat Clay Street. John H. Donaldbon. lentn. r