8
TITE SUNDAY OREGONIAN. PORTLAND, JANUARY SO, 1921
ESTABLISHED BY HENKY L. PITTOCK.
Published by The OrennlJin Publlnhlnff Co.,
135 Sixth Street, Portland, Oregon.
C A. MORXENV - B. B. PIPER,
Manager. Editor.
The Ortffonian is a member of the Aaso-elut-d
Press. The Press i ex
clusively entitled to the use for publication
of all news dispatches credited to it or not,
othrwie credited in this paper and r1o
the loral nws published herein. All rifjhts
of publication of special dispatches herein
are also reserved.
most probably
ua berries and flh and
t&ey waa sent as spies.
There had been other tragic mis
haps, notably in the preceding- Au
gust, In- which Mate Caswell, a
boatswairi and one seaman were
Tantoniy killed, presumably for
he must be given the rigrht of way.
Fine.
Just now the state fire marshal's
department-is sustained by a quarter
per cent tax upon the premiums of
the fire insurance companies. It Is
not enough, of course. The bill
their arms and clothing", and also the ' doubles that meager levy. In a few
Babftcription Rat en Invariably In Advanr.
(Ry Mall.)
Pally, Sunday included, one year $R.nO
Xnt.ly, Sunday included, threw months. 2 ,"luunea
daily. Sund.ny included, one month..
Itally, without Sunday, one year 6.00
Dally, without Sunday, ix months... 8.--"
Pally, without Sunday, one month fi
"Weekly, one year J. 00
Sunday, one year 2.50
Dy Carrier.)
2aJly, Sunday Included, one year ?9 00
Iai!y, Sundriy included, three months. 2.-!.
lily, Sundny lnr-ludod, one month... .73
Pally, wtthout Sunday, one year. . . . 7. SO
Iaily, without Sunday, three months. 1.03
Xaily, without Sunday, one month 05
How to Remit Snd postoffice money
order, express or personal check on your
local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are
at owner's ristt. Give postofflce address In
full. Including county and state.
Pottas; Kate 1 to 16 papes, 1 cent; IS
to 22 paRcs, 2 cents; 34 to 4S papt'S. 3 cents;
B0 to t4 pases, 4 cents; t'U tp h0 paxes, 5
c?nts: ti'2 to if'i pafts, 6 cents. Foreign
pot tape double rate.
Eastern Bnsinc Offlc Yerree Conk
l!n, Hrunswlok building. New York; Verroe
f Conklm. Staffer buiMinp. Chicao; Verrce
& Conklin. Free Press building, Detroit,
Mich. San Francisco leprentative. It. J.
Jdwell.
sKirmish reported by Kendrick of
the LAdy Washington, who had
beaten off an attacking party, killing
upwards of fifty. Boit accepts Ken
drick's version that the Indians were
the aggressors here, and an ad
ditional reason why destruction of
Cray's official log will always be
deplored is that in all probability it
-,,('" - waw vaftaiu O u m ii JUEJL1-
- i uvukiuii iui Uilts 1 1 1 n i i fir lea to n .
For his years. Boit seems to have
been endowed with uncommon prac
tical wisdom. Two days before leav
ing the Columbia river he wrote:
"This river. In my opinion, would be
a fine .place for to set up a factory."
The Indians, he said, were "very
numerous and civil (not even offer
ing to steal)." He noted that there
was a splendid variety of timber, and
cleared land In plenty, "which, with
little labour, might be made fit to
raise such seeds as Is necessary for
the sustenance of inhabitants." Boit
as wen in aavance or ills time, as
events at Astoria and at Vancouver
afterward proved.
years, as the fire marshal's business
prows and flourishes, and as .the
burdens of his super-officialdom in
crease, it may doubtless be made
more. Tlie matter of a greater sal
ary may then be attended to. It al
ways is In such cases. Just now the
state insurance commissioner is ex
officio fire marshal, and as such
gets nothing. ,But house bill 113
would pay the fire marshal $1200
per year, a pleasant and ingenuous
way of increasing the salary of the
state Insurance commissioner. That's
how they often do it.
A NEW LOG OF THE COLUMBIA.
The unexpected is always happen
lng In the quest for documentary
support for the assumptions of his.
torians, as is newly illustrated by
recent bringing to light of another
log bearing on the discovery voyage
of the ship Columbia. Extracts from
this interesting paper, the Journal
or John uoit, master manner, are
printed in the Washington Histori
cal Quarterly, with an illuminating
Introduction by Professor Edmond
5. Meany. Almost as much Interest
will be felt In the story of the docu
ruent Itself as in the confirmations
which it contains of details previ
ously obtained from the vicarious
fragments of the lost log of Captain
Gray, the Journals of Haswell, Hos-
kms, Ingraham and others, and
from numerous collateral sources.
The Just discovered log has lain
practically unregarded almost 129
years and its recent presentation to
the Massachusetts Historical society
affords another opportunity, as Pro
fessor Meany suggests, to "advance
the growing feeling of American
unity in historical interests." Boit
sailed at the age of sixteen from
Boston as fifth officer of the Co
lumbia, from which it will be de
duced that the sea brought American
youngsters to early maturity in that
time. Boit not only held a position
of responsibility on that memorable
voyage, but immediately after re
turning from it circumnavigated the
globe in command of a sloop, the
Union. He seems to have combined
In one person the rare qualities of
skilled navigator and keen ob
server. He kept complete Journals
of his voyages, which were recently
presented to the Massachusetts so
ciety by a grandson. The corre-
epondence between representatives
of eastern and western historical in
terests regarding the journal empha
sizes, as has been said, the unity of
the two.
The Columbia, discoverer of the
river to which its name was
given, was a Boston ship, owned by
Boston men and commanded by a
Boston captain, and so the honor of
custody of an important archive per
taining to the voyage will not be
begrudged to the Bay State. Dur
ing all the time that the controversy
raged between the United States and
Creat Britain over the right of juris
d'etion over the country adjacent to
the Columbia, and while recourse
was being had to the affidavit of
Charles Bulfinch, one of the Colum
bia's owners, as the best possible
substitute for the destroyed official
log of Captain Gray, existence of the
Boit journal, by means of which a
gcod many facts could have been
ascertained, seems to have been un
known to those who would have
found it most valuable. The coinci
dence is nearly as remarkable as the
destruction as waste paper of Gray's
log Itself.
The reader of these documents
will be impressed by the stern na
ture of the task the early navigators
faced. The job of earning dividends
for owners at home was man's sized.
Hostility of the natives seems to have
been ingrained, . and their savage
cunning too spontaneous to warrant
assumption that their treachery was
due only to resentment for mistreat
ment by the whites. The Indian was
apt to be friendly or otherwise in
accordance with whether he thought
himself master of a situation. Boit
confirms, for example, tfie destruc
tion of a village called Opitsatah,
v.hich Haswell does not mention, and
which is only hinted at in the com
plaint of the supercargo Hoskins
that Captain Gray's policy had made
confirmed enemies of the tribesmen.
Boit says that he was sent (on March
27, 1792, wins six weeks before the
discovery or the Columbia river)
with three boats, "all well man'd
and arm'd. to destroy the village.
a command I was no ways
tenacious of," and he is "grieved to
think Captain Gray should let his
passions go so far." It was a village
of some 200 houses, of which Boit
says:
Kvery door that you enter'd was In
resemblance to a human and beast's head.
the passage tein- through the mouth, be-
rude
CONTEMPT OF LAW.
In the outcome of the Lotisso trial
is one of the causes for that con
tempt of law and courts and Juries,
which manifests itself In the grow.
ing number of crimes of lesser and
major character. It will not do to
say that the ghastly misconception of
justice shown by some of the jurors
can be repaired in a second trial of
the murderer. It cannot be wholly
repaired. Notice has here again
been given that under our method of
criminal procedure it is possible for
a man wantonly to slay his wife,
confess to It without emotion and
later by his own obvious perjury and
the skill of his lawyer, create reason
able doubt of his measure of guilt
in the minds of a supposedly Intel
ligent jury.
Here is notice again that Juries
can at times be Induced to give more
weight to the statement of a man
trying to save his neck than-they
will give to the overwhelming testi
mony of disinterested eye-witnesses.
Yet if ever there was a time when
swift, certain and adequate justice
was needed for its repressive in
fluence on crime It is the present.
It was in the Lotisso case, as it
has been in many others, the prac
tice to excuse from jury duty those
persons who admitted the formation
of an opinion based on presumption
that newspaper accounts of the crime
were accurate, but who believed
themselves capable of rendering
just verdict on the sworn tesimony
presented. It may be the law that
such persons are ineligible to jury
duty, but if it Is the law It is bad
law. It excludes from jury duty the
intelligent element of the com
munity; it gives us jurors who are
ignorant and Impressionable: it re
sults in those postponements and
miscarriages of justice in America
which are the astonishment of every
foreign observer. Our number of
homicides greatly exceeds theirs; our
people are at large no more indif
ferent to the sanctity of human-life;
the only perceptible difference is
that in America punishment of crime
is less certain and less prompt. The
disagreement of the Lotisso Jury is
of the type that causes dismay o all
persons who have the public well
being at heart.
DIVORCE STATISTICS.
The facts presented in a bulletin
of the United States census bureau
showing the growth of divorce in the
United States are serious enough,
without drawing too gloomy conclu
sions from them. For example. It
appears that for every ten marriages
in 1920 there was one divorce. The
ratio in 1867 was one in seventeen; in
1906, one in twelve. From this a
pessimistic commentator surmises
that by 1946 only one marriage in
five will be even outwardly success
ful. If there is any reason for believing
that divorce is not now as common
as it could be the statisticians have
not pointed it out. Practically every
form of marital disagreement is legal
ground for divorce in some state, and
ir those which pretend to have limi
tations there is widespread collusion
to circumvent the spirit of thevlaw.
It is as safe to deduce from this .that
the practice has reached its height as
tnat it will increase further. Not
enough attention is given to the nine
out of ten marriages that do not end
In court a proportion still worth
taking into account. . -
As has been suggested, the figures
are grave enough without any effort
to magnify them In actual number,
there were seven times as many in
1920 as in 1867; allowing for In
crease in population the gain is 319
per cent. The census bureau's dis
covery that Japan is now the only
country where divorce is more com
mon than in the United States may
stimulate thought. Holding up Japan
a? the paragon of all the civic and
personal virtues has gone out of
fashion somewhat in recent years.
dream world, the London scientist
pdmts out, the analyst digs away,
bringing to light all kinds of childish
forgotten shames, hidden desires and
acts on which a merciful oblivion had
descended. They were better forgot
ten, for the good of all concerned.
It is said that the craze has
reached the stage in England where
public school teachers have been
known to advise their pupils to visit
a psychoanalyst to "cure them of
their naughtiness." The credulity o
new converts to every peculiar cult
If. matched only by their excess o
zeal. It is doubtful whether Freud
himself could have foreseen .the ex
tremes to which his interesting
speculations would carry his follow.
era, but the notion that all sins and
maladies come from some forgotten
mental shock and that every dream
Is a dreadful "symbol" lends itself
too readily to perversion to warrant
Its exploitation by quacks. There
are psychoanalyists who profess to
trace every ill to these sources,'
practice that would be dangerous
enough without the eroticism em
phasized by the Freudian literalists.
In an age that is plausibly suspected
of having more than its -share of
neurotlcCuicJinations, the need prob
ably is greater for regulation of
Freudians than for a cure for the
maladiesrwhichtheypostulatein order
to justify their faith. The new voo
dooism is too grave a matter to be
committed to those whose chief, or
only, qualification is mastery of Its
lingoi A sane hygiene, composed
largely of exercise and oxygen, is an
excellent remedy also for r reudisnf,
which ought to be reserved for ex.
treme cases under care of scientists
who know the perils as well as the
possibilities of the cult.
ides wnu-n mere was murh more
carved work about the dwelllnn.s. some of
which was by no means inelegant. This
ftn, village, the work of ages, was in m
short Ume totally destroyed.
But Boit confirms the plot laid
by the Indians at Adventure cove,
where the Columbia lay in winter
Qvarters- In January, 1792, and which
has been graphically detailed by
other narrators, having for its pur
pose massacre of the Columbia's
company. The confession of the
kanaka boy of the Columbia's crew
having put Captain Gray on his
guard, all hands prepared for de
fense, with such success that the
lavages contented themselves with a
futile demonstration. Undoubtedly
Jt was a narrow escape. Boit ob
serves: It doe, not appear that Wickanlsh
wish'd to conquer a part of us. as he
ad .frequent, opportunity s to have accom
phsh'd It. for two or three times a week
m boat was down at the village, generally
with an officer and four tailors, but I
furpose he very prudently thought that
rhou'd he cut a boat's crew eff, there
was still enourh left for to destroy his
villages. The chiefs bad been telling- us
for some time they was going to war
with a distant tribe and wish'd for us
to lend them muketts and ammunition,
which some of these fellows used as well
as ourselves. We had observed of late
that they did not seem so cheerful as com
mon, but seem'd to be deeply wrapt in
thought. After this no more of the na
tives visited Adventure-Cove, except some
Id women ud young glrlM, who brought!
MORE SUPER-OFFICIALDOM.
The state has a fire marshal, but,
in the opinion of the house commit
tee on insurance, he has neither
power nor money enough to func
tion. The committees idea is not
new. It permeates all government,
federal, state, city, county, precinct,
and every congress and every state
legislature devotes a great part of its
time to hearing of the urgent and
eloquent appeals of various bureaus,
departments, commissions, sections
and divisions through their heads for
more authority and bigger appropriations.
There are several phases of the
fire marshal bill which are quite in
tune with the prevailing fashion for
making supreme and exclusive the
operations of particular institutions
within the state government. Ob
serve the following:
Section 12 Power to Summon 'Wit
nesses. The district attorney shall, upon
application of the state lire marshal or
chief -deputy state lire marshal, summon
the attendance of witnesses before him
laic!) to testify in relation to any matter
which by law Is a subject of inquiry or
investigation, and require the producton
of any books, paper or documents he
deems pertinent to an investigation of or
relating to evidence pertaining to fires
where arson or a similar crime is sus
pected .
Before whom? The district at
torney or the fire marshal? But let
that pass as an unintentional am
biguity. It will be observed that this re
markable section does two astonish
ing things. First, it empowers the
fire marshal to compel the district
attorney to subpoena witnesses: and,
second, it confers on the district at
torney powers which are denied him
ir any other matter whatsover viz.,
to compel witnesses upon his mere
summons by subpoena or otherwise
to appear before him. This is a high
prerogative which is customarily re
served to the courts. It is true
enough that the district attorney
once had within his official duties
the powers of a grand jury. But
they were taken away from him.
Now under the direction of a new
style of dictation the fire marshal's
they are to be restored for the
purpose of finding out about fires or
fire hazards.
The present law authorizes a fire
marshal or his deputy to enter prem
ises, even a private house, at his
option, to make fire investigations
ci to see whether the hazard of fire
exists, which is the assertion of a
disputable right; but the makers of
the new law want to do more, much
more, for this ' apostle of a new
American pooh-bahism. He has
now, and will continue to have, ex
traordinary authority to require the
renovation, repair, alteration and
even probably the destruction of any
building or structure he deems dan
gerous to safety In the matter of
fires. But the gracious privilege of
appeal from the order of any deputy
to the august fire marshal himself,
within certain limited time, is grant
ed; and if the owner or tenant is still
aggrieved he may appeal within ten
days to the circuit court. But he
must file a bond within two days;
and then mark this! "the circuit
court shall determine such appeal
within ten days after filing the
fam." When the fire marshal says
fo.. the courts must speed up. All
other business must be set aside, and
FALSE PROPHETS.
Utter collapse of the claims of Dr.
Friedrich Franz Fried-mann to dis
covery of a cure for tuberculosis car
ries a strong element of tragedy. Dr.
Friedmanft will be remembered by
some as a German physician who
came to the United States in 1913
with a serum that he declared would
banish the white plague. Notwith
standing disagreement with his
methods, there was no essential lack
of cordiality In the reception that
was - accorded him in this country.
His claim received wide publicity, he
became the subject of a debate in
the United States senate, and a num
ber of institutions were placed at his
disposal. As time went on he fell
into disfavor and returned to Ger
many before the outbreak of the
war, peevishly asserting that he was
the victim of national jealousy.
When the war had left Gremany
a prey to this disease, aggravated by
undernourishment of a great propor
tion of the population, Xr. Fried-
mann was called on to make good in
a practical way. The Prussian min
ister of education appointed him to
a nominal professorship carrying a
salary from the state and gave him
control of a hospital in Berlin. In
the course of a lawsuit which had
nothing to do with the merits of his
alleged serum,-it was revealed that
he had charged enormous fees for
treatment, though ' his government
appointment had been predicated on
free treatments. A government com
mittee of scientists was then ap
pointed to Investigate his claims and
has just reported that his serum, is
valueless.
The incident recalls the widely
heralded lymph of Dr. Robert Koch,
which was prematurely announced
in 1890 by an over-zealous pupil of
that scientist, and which caused a
sensation throughout the world. It
is due to Dr. Koch, however, to bear
in mind that he was singularly con
servative in the claims he made as
to the efficacy of his discovery, and
that he differed' from Dr. Friedmann
in the respect that he did not seek
to commercialize it. The Koch lymph
finally failed to justify Itself, but Dr.
Koch retained his reputation as a
true scientist. His contributions to
the science of bacteriology rank with
those of Pasteur in permanent value.
Scientists and pseudo-scientists
put an increasing, tax on the credu
lity of laymen unable to distinguish
between them. Hope of the afflicted
and those near to them increases
their gullibility. It is a reasonably
safe rule that those who try to capi
talize the miseries of their fellow
men are charlatans. Pure science
and the grasping commercial spirit
do not seem to dwell together in the
same men.
TITE AMAZING SAGACrTT OF A WOLF.
Justification of the prefessional
hunters of the United States biologi
cal survey is found in the story of
how one of them tracked down and
slew the Custer wolf, which Is esti
mated to nave killed more than $25,
000 worth of livestock on western
ranges before he was overtaken and
brought to Justice. The tale is told
by Dixon Merritt, In charge of pub
licity of the federal department of
agriculture, in a letter to the New
York Herald.
Department agents killed the old
wolfs mate four years ago and he
never took another, although, ac
cording to H. P. Williams, the hunter
who outwitted him after a seven
months' chase, he attached to him
self two coyotes, not as equals but
as servants. Old-timers in the hunt
ing grounds will testify that this is
not without precedent, though it is
uncommon. The coyotes were not
permitted to draw near to their wolf
master, but were employed as out
posts and flanking scouts. Williams
was obliged to kill them as part of
his campaign against the principal
offender, but this by no means solved
his problem. Old Custer then adopted
a new plan, after making a kill, of
back-trailing for some distance so
that he could watch his pursuer from
under cover a practice of some
bears but never before known to
have been tried by a wolf.
The wolf several times stepped
Into traps laid for him, but always so
cautiously that he was able to extri
cate himself with a minimum of in
jury. He frequently moved his den,
and once left the region for a time.
One day in October the superior
strategy of the hunter prevailed and
a cunningly placed trap got a good
grip on old Custer, who was shot
after a long pursuit while carrying
the trap away with nim.
'Physically he was in no way a re
markable wolf. He was smaller than
the average and probably very old,
but perhaps had a number of years
of active destructive life before him
if he had not been pursued. For
nine years he had lived as an out
law, the despair of local hunters and
cattlemen, whom he invariably out
guessed. Others of his tribe had
been either killed or driven into the
back country, where it is possible
that they perished by starvation. Old
Custer died with his back to the wall,
one of the last survivors in the
struggle of the wild things against
the coming of the new order.
If Custer had been human there
would be moralists to point out how
his matchless ingenuity might have
been more profitably employed in a
better cause. Unfortunately for the
verities, we are not permitted to ac
cept this conclusion as to his wolf
ship.. Less brilliantly endowed, he
probably would have perished long
ago. There is peril just in being a
wolf, from which, together with the
other facts of the story, the specu
lative philosopher can take his choice
ot conclusions.
vitation comes to return to the rail
roads, the lumbermen may de
cline it.
But the rate advance in general
was a necessary part of a general
reorganization of traffic conditions.
If it had not been made, much traf
fic would still have gone to water
lines in consequence of the opening
of the Panama canal and the large
supply of ships. The railroads would
inevitably have lost a large propor
tion of their long-haul traffic. But
there has already set an increase in
volume of traffic -between the coast
and the interior, which covers short
er distance but pays a generally
higher scale of rates. Greater ocean
traffic will betoken more foreign
trade, enhanced industrial activity
and greater density of.railroad traf
fic. When the transportation busi
ness settles down into new grooves,
the railroads may prove to be better
off than they were before ships took
away much of their traffic
PARTIAL
DISARMAMENT NOT PRAC
TICAL.
Senator Borah's plan of naval dis
armament is defective in the fact
that it applies to only three powers
and to navies alone, not to arma
ment In general. Navies cannot be
considered apart from armies. A
power with a navy superior to that
of the United States would be able
to send an army to this country and
could prevent us from sending an ex
pedition to its territory, though that
might be the only means of secur
ing redress for a flagrant wrong.
Without naval superiority neither
the United States nor Great Britain
could have sent an army to France,
and Germany would have had an
easy victory. Naval power is neces
sary to a nation which must cross
the sea to attack its enemies or to
help its allies, or must take to the
sea to prevent invasion.
The maritime interests of the
United States justify as large a navy
as that of Great Britain for defense
alone, without regard to possible war
between the two countries, which.
all agree. Is too remote to be worth
considering. Our ocean trade Is as
great, our merchant marine prom
ises soon to be as great, our domestic
coast line is greater and the respon
sibility of defending other coasts
under the Monroe doctrine is equal
to that of Britain to defend its col
onies and dependencies. If we com
plete our building programme of
916 and Britain suspends building,
we shall only be equal to that coun
try in capital ships by 1923 aid shall
be inferior in other types of war
ships. In order to attain equality,
we should build enough of these
other ships to secure the due pro
portion to our strength In capital
ships.
While our navy has double the
strength of Japan's, we need two
fleets, one for the Pacific, one for
the Atlantic ocean. An, equal division
of our navy would make us ' only
equal with Japan on the Pacific.
Maintenance of that strength, which
requires completion of the 1916 pro
gramme and its rounding out with
more smaller craft, could not fairly
be construed as building against
Japan.
Disarmament can be undertaken
only when It is general, and as the
last stage in pacification of the
world. The way to accomplish it is
that which President-elect Harding
proposes, by which the United States
will join other nations in laying firm
foundations of peace, and then will
propose that all disarm together. He
will so soon set to work that nothing
is to be gained b. offering simply
naval disarmament of three nations.
Completion of our programme to
equality with that of Britain and to
double that of Japan would not in
terfere with his plans.
THE NEW VOODOOISM.
It i? not hard to understand the
popularity recently attained in Eng
land and to a lesser extent in this
ccuntry by the so-called mental cure
called psychoanalysis. For one thing,
in its modern application it is rela
tively new, and there is a type of
mind that turns instinctively to nov
elty and pins its faith- to the mys
terious and the peculiar. Its empha
ris on the neuroses of sex, too, con-
fcrms to the predilections of some,
and there is a familiar suggestion of
the old . superstitions that revolve
around dreams. The fact that psycho-
aralysis was employed, though re
servedly. In treatment of shell shock
during the war helps to account for
the artificial standing that it has
since attained.
But prudent and conservative
scientists already are beginning to be
alarmed by the turn of events. That
"there is absolutely nothing to hin
der anyone who chooses to learn the
jargon from setting up as an analyst,"
as a physician writing in the London
Daily Mail points out, is in itself a
sufficient indication of the peril to
which the gullible are subject. In
the h3nds of charlatans opportuni
ties for swindling, even for black
mail, are manifestly numerous.
The new cult is built on a theory
of suppressed desires. The symbolism
of Freud and the fantastic elabor
ations introduced by his followers
are quite as capable of exciting the
Imaginations of the' emotionally un
stable as voodooism was of appealing
to the psychic peculiarities of its
followers. Probing into the patient's
RAILROAD AND WATER TRAFFIC.
Net earnings of only 4 and i &
per cent during the first few months
of advanced rates, which are be
wailed by the railroads, are no doubt
due in part to the general shrinkage
in volume of traffic, but the advance
itself must have conduced to that
result. It was made when water
rates were on the decline and when
ships were bidding eagerly for
freight, and its natural effect was
to divert much traffic to water lines.
The extent of this diversion may be
judged by the fact that one coast-to-coast
steamship line now runs
three ships a month from Portland
while the number of such lines has
constantly Increased.'
This is noticeably true of lumber.
The price was already on the de
cline and the Pacific coast was com
peting closely with the south in the
middle west and east when railroad
ratesvwere raised. The effect was
almost to shut the Pacific coast out
of the middle west and to make it
compete more keenly on the Atlantic
coast. Ships became more abund
ant, ocean rates went down just when
railroad rates went up, distributing
yards were opened at Atlantic ports,
and Pacific coast lumbermen ac
quired the habit of the sea. ' As
traffic on eastern lines fell off at
the same time, they welcomed the
haul from their seaports to the in
terior. . -
Transcontinental roads seem to
have aseumed when the advance was
made that they had all the traffic
that they could haul without lumber
and that they need sacrifice nothing
in order to hold their lumber traffic;
they could make concessions and get
it back when they needed it. But
things may not work out that way.
The lumbermen are forming a habit
that they may be unwilling to give
up. There are advantages in being
able to ship in large lots of great
variety and in having an assorted
stock at an eastern terminal, from
which any order may be selected
and shipped two or three hundred
miles at a day's notice. Mills may
be erected at the eastern terminals
to do much finishing. When the in-
MART GARDEN IS A NEW ROLE.
. Appointment of Miss Mary Garden
a3 director of the Chicago Opera as
sociation, a position in which she
holds exalted power to control the
destinies of a noteworthy musical
organization, derives novelty from
the circumstance that she is the first
vcman to hold a position of the
kind, not even excepting Frau Cosi
ma Wagner, whose conductorsliip
subsequent to her husband's death
presented a situation of a different
kind. Miss Garden's talent as an
operatic actress is supreme and her
mastery of the technic of her profes
sion unquestioned. The Issue to be
determined and only experience
can determine It is whether she
will prove equal to the task of dis
ciplining a group of human beings
as temperamental as opera singers
and musicians are known to be.
So the psychological, which Is to
say,- the human-interest phases of
the prima donna's new venture are
certain to command public- atten
tion. Others than opera-goers will
watch sympathetically, for illustra
tion, for the sequel to her declara
tion that she intends to abolish the
star regime. Herself a beneficiary
of the system, though she probably
would have risen anyway, it Is evi
dent that she sees the artistic evils
it- it, though it is not yet proved
that she can convince her public that
she is right. Hero worship nowhere
flowers so effulgently as in America,
and nowhere have people seemed to
care so little for the intrinsic worth
of music and so much for person
alities. Yet it may be that awaken
ing appreciation of music for its own
sake will have made the time for
tuitous for Miss Garden's noteworthy
experiment. .It may be, too, that
we all along have misunderstood the
stellar temperament, and that the
thraldom in which these virtuosos
have held their serfs, the public,
was of our own making. Miss Gar
den's task will be to puncture the
bubble, if it is a bubble, to rate each
musician accordnig to his or her
artistic deserts, and to set all in the
places where they belong. Impre
fsarios and directors from the- be
ginning of artistic time have grown
gray, and bald, in the effort, and
have not always succeeded. Mary
Garden is welcome to her turn. Art
will have made a distinct gain if she
succeeds; it will be no worse off
than it is now if she should fail.
It is, nevertheless, a post that she
ought to fill capably. James Hun
eker, who knows prima donnas crit
ically and personally, once denomi
nated her a "superwoman." Others
speaking with authority have
coupled her with Renaud and Frem
stad, and have hailed her as the ex
ponent of a new art by which the
stage Is to be redeemed. The ardent
plea for music to aid the dramatic
message is one of the phenomena of
the new century, and Mary Garden
has seemed to many to be the an
swer to that prayer. There is, said
a critic once, no drama in "Thais"
without it, and no inspiration in "Sa
lome," the play, but only a faint sug
gestion of what it might mean to the
splendor of a barbaric Imagination.
Miss Garden has been a great Thais,
and a more than passable Salome.
The reception accorded to her in the
former characterization has indicated
more than development of the mu
sical sense in Americans, but also
has been a gratifying indication of
new interest in music-drama. And
so, since she is to have opportunity
tr. enforce her conception of the New
Opera, the experiment will be more
than a venture in directorship; it
will be a test of popular taste itself.
Books have been written about the
temperaments of artistic persons,
but Miss Garden, who has mani
fested temperament on more than
one occasion, may be expected to
have a peculiar understanding of
them. "I am," she said while the
storm was brewing in Chicago the
other day, "a fighter; I am an Anglo
Saxon, and we love nothing better
than a fight." But she promises
that the Latin races (who are well
represented, on the operatic stage)
shall have their chance. Signor
Marinuzzi, over whose head the fury
of the gale raged that eventuated in
Miss Garden's elevation to the su
preme directorship, was tempera
mental, too, but unequal to the dual
task of conducting an opera and se
lecting the singers for the differ
ent characters in all the operas in
cluded in the company's repertory.
Temperament met temperament, and
there were clashes innumerable.
This is the situation that the new di
rector has undertaken to harmonize.
Even Toscanini and Gatti-Casazza
sometimes failed in similar emer
gencies, and no operatic director
who has written an autobiography
has ever admitted that his was a
pleasant Job.
Miss Garderr Is going to keep Ma
rinuzzi, who she says is a great con
ductor, but she intends to lend him
a helping hand. There is something
in her past success that gives prom
ise that she will succeed. It is only
superficially true that she owed her
great opportunity to accident, by
which the illness of a diva made her
the idol of Paris in a single night.
It is true, rather, that there is noth
ing at all casual in her accomplish
ment, that she has earned her lau
rels, and that her triumphs as an
actress, not as a singer, have been
due to the kind of genius which has
been defined as an infinite capacity
for taking pains. Her philosophy
was comprehended a few years ago
in a statement in which among
other things she said:
The fact that I was born & woman is
unimportant. . . I am a woman, and
accept the responsibility and the glitter
ing opportunities. Other good-looking
women have done the. same thing, exert
lng their energies In spite of restraining
criticism echoing from the cave dwellers
of an old-fashioned period. . . There
is enough manhood in any vigorous, vital
woman to win what she pleases lor herseil.
If for no other reason her accept
ance of new responsibility will be
hailed as a demonstration of self
confidence and of willingness to
tackle a job that would daze many a
man. When she said long ago,
"when I am artistic director I will
find a way to cut the temperament
out of these operatic stars," it is more
than probable that she meant every
word of it. And Miss Mary Garden
is Scotch also, which should be
pleasing to the business managers of
her enterprise, and she has a uni
versal taste. In her division of
operatic languages she allots for the
present 50 per cent to Italian, 35 per
cent to French and 15 per cent to
English. Her "most cherished hope
is good American opera in English,
but she is none too sanguine as to
that She hopes that the day will
come soon when Wagner can be put
od in his own language, when Ital
ian, FrencH ana ijerman win u
placed on a footing of linguistic
equality. It would be too much to
hope, of course, that even Director
Garden would give us opera the
words of which we could understand.
The Listening Post.
Booze Hounds Now Bring l eed by
Lry Sleuths to Detect Liquor.
BLOODHOUNDS who run on the
scent of criminals until the last
have been known for some time, and
now comes the booze hound, accord
ing to Austin Flcgel, assistant United
States attorney. In the old-time par
lance the booza hound was the per
sistent Individual who mopped up all
the liquids that came his way, but in
prohibition language the booze hound
is a highly trained accessory for the
dry agents.
Flegel tells of one of the govern
ment sleuths who has developed a
booze hound and uses him daily.
Dogs, especially pedigreed animals,
have an exceedingly delicate sense of
smell, and when trained to distin
guish it can scent alcohol when even
the most skilled human nose would
be at fault. Any description of this
dog is carefully withheld, but it is
understood that the government oper
ative takes the animal with him and
by some easily understood signal the
hidden liquor is betrayed. It Is not
known whether the dog makes a
point or how this Is managed, but
there have been a number of cap
tures made of late by this means, ae
cording'to reports. The presence of
the talented dog is' beginning to be
known, and many soft-drink purvey
ors are said to regard men accom
panied by dogs with great suspicion
if they enter their places of business.
Miss Millie Schloth believes that
within a few years she will have a
great swimmer, if any of the tenets
of pre-natal influence are well
founded. Out in Shattuck pool a
great number of fearless child ex
perts have been developed. Cne hot.
sticky day last summer a little girl
swimmer brought her mother along
to watch the water sports. The
mother, one of those patient types of
the newcomer, shabbily dressed and
none too clean, was manifestly suf
fering from the heat and none too
well. -
Miss Schloth found a suit for her
and induced her to get in the water,
and the woman, soon to be a mother
again, returned each time the tank
was open for the public. One day
she was missed and the little girl
told Miss Schloth she had a sister,
and a few weeks afterward excitedly
reported that the baby tried out
some swimming strokes in her crib.
Carefully carried in arms, the baby
has been shown the pool, and now
the day of her debut in the water is
being awaited In the expectation that
she will swim as soon as placed in. the
tank.
An exceedingly wrathy autoist lit
erally turned the air blue way out on
Terwilllger boulevard Friday night
when a pair of sweethearts in a tiny
bug made him run for safety to the
margin of the road. "If they start
this way in the cold, wet winter, 1
don't know what will happen when
real loving weather comes. Didja se
that fellow? One arm around the glr
and naturally paying her more at
tention than his auto. In the old day
when I did my courting," and here h
turned to his life partner for con
firmation, "we got out for some nice
little country drives in a buggy be
hind a spirited horse, but I kept both
hands on the reins then both for
safety and because there was a law
that made it imperative. There should
be some way of forcing these loving,
reckless drivers to keep both hands
on the steering wheel, and not divide
their attention, one-tenth to driving
nd the rest to conquest."
Hospitality.
By Grace K. IlalL
The old farm house is standing thoro
Beside the country road.
The trees aro outlined 'gainst the
evening sky;
A peace that's like a benediction
Clings to that abode.
Though no one ever stems to wonder
why;
The stranger, passing, pauses oft
Beside the swinging eate.
Then plies his knuckles to the kitchen
door.
And soon he sits among the "folks"
Bf-fore the glowing grata.
As though he'd been there many times
' before.
Those who have dined there know the
the fare,
They "happen past" at noon.
Or draw the rein or honk the horn
at night.
And from the old bhie china s-xm
Are served a generous share
Or lusfious ham and biscuits brown
and light;
The "pitcher pump" upon the po-rch
Is like a priceless still.
Where nectar cold and pure Is na
ture's brew;
And though its rusty shrieks are loud
All love its echoes shrill.
Although they wreck one's nemes
each morn anew.
A gentle peace that's like a Tell
Of sliimmerinc coltlen tint.
And warmed with mellow sunlight,
linpers there;
Ts almost like a spirit llffht
Has shud a mairic g!lnt,
And swung a censor In t he sacred air;
That farm hone stands at eventide
Heside the winding rad.
Without a sign of stylo to make ap
peal, But hospitality in truth
Dwells In that plain abode
An atmosphere that deaf and blind
can feel
Oh!
The
arpot
a wish.
is there no somewhere
where combine
beauties of earth In a schema-
more divine-
Than the Gardens of Delhi, to Per
sians so dear,
Where tha nightingale's song erer
pours to the ear?
An Kden from discord and tsars t
apart;
The realm of rapture, the horns of
the heart?
Where the blush of the dawn t th
coming of day
At the hour of tw ilight has not pas
away?
Lne
The idea behind the prohibition of
acceptance of gifts by public serv
ants, of course, is that they might
rlevelon into a serious abuse. No
one believes that in the very begin
nin? they would be regarded as
bribes.
Chinese eggs, which in a way
might relieve distress in China, con
tinue to flood American markets.
The lack of organization that this
indicates is probably at the bottom
of China's recurring troubles.
Some statistician has figured out
that the automobile increases a
physician's efficiency 114 per cent
and a lawyer's 23 per Cent. From
which the moralist will take his pick
of a variety of conclusions.
Trolly cars for exclusive use of
women in New York will need to be
broad and long to accommodate them
"when they "settle. The woman pas
senger does not always move up with
the best grace.
Thrift week is just far enough in
the past to make us wonder whether
Its lessons are still remembered.
Sporadic thrift doesn't amount to
much; it has to become a habit to
be worth while.
Hy Showerman has worked so long
on a newspaper copy oesK mat
great deal of the joy has been taken
out of his life. Looking for the right
head for any story has become his
one aim, and no matter what the un
dertaking he is engaged in, he con
fessed recently that he is getting to
think in head lines. For instance, in
ordering his meals, the menu must
have the proper count In its oft(
ings, so sometimes he passes up dain
ties he wants to get foods that bal
ance in a perfect head. But the main
difficulty is with the movies. The
caption writers there violate all of
the rules of head writing, according to
Hy, and most of the shows are spoiled
for him when the sub-titles do not
"tell the story." Then he frequently
cannot enjoy the titles, as he has to
count the number of letters and
spaces before he can read them to see
if they would fit in some typo of
head.
A New York apartment house
owner has been sent to a nice warm
il for not furnishing sufficient
heat for his tenants, which is the
precise opposite of poetic justice, to
say the' least
Hold-up man' is "sullen and re
fuses to talk" when captured by the
police. It's enough to make any
body sullen to have luck run against
him in tfiat most unexpected way.
- The five-cent bag of peanuts has
appeared in some of the larger cities,
but we are not going to grow hys
terically enthusiastic until we have
weighed and measured one.
There are 25,000,000 pounds of un
sold prunes in Oregon, according to
Professor Lewis, wny wait lor t-rune
week? Why not begin now: uut
ask for the Oregon label.
"I'd like to meet the optimist." a
little dispirited sort of man told Al
Molin as he stepped into his jewelry
store.
"It's a fine, bright day, and you're
looking well. What can I do for you?"
quickly countered Molin, trying to
qualify. .
"My glasses need fixing thev
hurt." was the querulous reply, anc
Molin called his partner, A E. Roy
to fill the breach.
"Are you the optimist?" suspicious
ly asked the searcher after bright
ness.
'Well. I'm not exactly a pessimist,"
was Roy's vivacious rejoinder, as he
smiled from ear to ear to justify his
title, and with a few expert touches
remedied a slight error in focussing,
chaffed the sad customer, refused to
accept any remuneration for his min
ute's work and sent the little man
forth smiling.
Where the leaves of the myrtle, the
breath of the rose
re soft as a virgin who sinks In
repose;
And the sound of the zephyr soft
stealing between,
Like the lyres of C'rishna when
waked for a queen.
Where bright Genii dance when tha
night at it's noon
Lies languid and musk on the breast
of the moon;
And the nymphs their bright tresses
caressingly twine
Where the bright flashing waters ars
mingled like wine?
Where the deep shady bowers with
whispers are stirred?
And the silence is filled with the
voice of the bird?
Where the season for fruits is for
ever begun,
And the clusters blush red from the
kiss of the sun?
Oh! there would I dwell with the few
whom 1 love.
In the peace of that Kden, with foun
tain and grove;
Would walk those brinht aisles never
clouded with care,
And lauchter and mirth ever live on
the air.
And fading at last like a hue in the
west,
Bo gathered like flowers to beauti
ful r-st;
For who could deplore the cool clasp
of the tomh
When bosoms so tender share with
him its gloom?
C.VX FITCH PIIELI'S.
COD'S ;ifts.
So much music God made, for men:
From the measured roar of the.
muffled sen.
To the threaded note the wood
thrush spins;
Or the rippled flow of the vlolins.t
In the crash of the symphony:
So much of His music my dumb
soul would sing; ,
Will He open the cage and bid it
take wing?
Is there one of God s gifts for me?
So much of beauty God made for
men,!
From the colors that sing through
the master's art;
To the bed of blue for the vagrant
clouds;
From tho crystal stars the snow
flake shrouds,
To the gate of the lily s heart!
But color and canvas, are locked
by Fate's key,
And my spirit wait3 vainly a voice
for her plea;
Is there none of God's beauty for
me?
A
It's a dark cloud that has no silver
lining. Somebody complains mat
there is no profit in sugar any more.
At last the consumer is beginning to
get back. -
By the time the Michigan recount
is completed it won t make mucn
difference to the contestants who
wins that senatorial seat.
"Federal Tax Collectors Breaking
Down Under Strain," says a head
line. Now they know how the rest
of us feel;
With a state income tax we shall
have another opportunity to give un
til it hurts.
Portland's Russian population
turned out en masse to see Pavlowa
last week, and a number of the news
boys neglected business in order to
see the famed dancers interpret the
folk lore and steps from their native
land. Way up in Bill Pangle's gal
lery the newsies rubbed elbows with
other lovers of dancing who could
not afford the downstairs seats, and
possibly got more enjoyment out of
the show as they sat on their hard
cement benches than did the occu
pants of the well-upholstered dress
circle seats. THE SCOL'T.
So manv gifts God mndo for men!
Rut the last, best gift cf nil.
I have found where sorrow sells her
wares.
Where pain and death walk un
awares. And the noisiest footsteps fall:
A pearl, that glows with the Joys
to be,
And shows through Its prism, etern
ity. And the King in Ills beauty," for
me!
MARY ALETHRA WOODWARD.
New Jeraey Orator's Hope,
Exchange.
One of the most noted criminal law
yers of this country while pleading
the cause of his client was invariably
so overcome by his innocence and
wrongs that his voice would fall, his
utterance would become choked and
he would sob so that he would be
obliged to sit to recover himself.
"I should think," said a judge to
him one day, "that thi jury would
understand your little drama .by this
time."
"Ah, but your honor forgets," said
the lawyer, his eyes twinkling, "that
there is always a new jury before
whom I play."
TIIKV AM THKRK.
How distinctly I remember:
It was in the late September
Of the presidential yi-.ir.
In the city of the roses
Where the nature-maid reposes
In her loveliest of gear;
At a Harding rally meeting.
With the speaking and such greeting
As was never heard before.
In Portland's audience quarters
Among partisan exhortcrs
There I found a lost "Lenore.
Light and faces fulled the space
Of the stage and nether places
Of the Auditorium grand.
Long I stood, with usher, waiting
And wondering and debating
Whether 1 should sit or stand.
All was well. If I were seated
Ere that programme was completed,
Which I motored miles to hear.
Lower circles then ignoring.
Higher aisles I went exploring
For a seat in front or rear.
J'ust above the bifrsrer 'leven
And below the "Nigger Heaven."
Yet among the "upper ten,"
Flace for nie there was for sitting,
Lower than the angels flitting
Although higher than tha men;
As on edge of cloud suspended '
With balcony people blended
Thus we hovered o'er the stag'1.
"We" included one beside me,
Whom to wed was to betide mo
In this democratic aire.
MILO C. KING.
I