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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Sept. 19, 1920)
13 THE SUNDAY OKEGOXIAX, PORTLAND, SEPTE3IBER 19. 1920 HARD HG AMPLIFIES HIS LEAGUE VIEWS Super-Government Declared Aim of Covenant. REVISION HELD WELCOME Senator Says He Opposes Dealing Willi National Problems as Generalities. The fr.llowlnsr article by W. H. Craw ford In ths Now York Times contains a mora definite statement by Senator Hard ing of liiit policy with regrard to the league ot nations and pca.:e with Germany than had been given by him. Fully agreeing with Senator Hard Ins as to the wisdom of the statement which he recently made, that: "I de sire to deal with all our national problems, not in the twilight of gen eralities, but In the sunlight of defi nition and forward marching." but having personally been unable from a perusal of his various speeches to gain this clear insight of definition as to his policies, 1 submitted to him these questions, the frank answer to which would enable the American people to clearly understand what they might expect from Harding as president: "With each member of the council of the league possessing the veto power, how could the council compel the government of the United States to take a step in opposition to the Judgment of our government?" "You say that, if The Hague tri bunal is not strong enough, "very well, then, let's put teeth into it." If you put teeth into it. would you not be giving to the tribunal the force which you object to in the government of the league?" "Can there be an effective league of nations, association of the nations, or international court without 'teeth'?" durational Have Many Angrles. You say, 'I believe humanity would welcome the creation of an interna tional association for conference and a. world court whose verdicts upon Justiciable questions this country in common with all nations would be willing and able to uphold.' Is it not agreed by practically an wno nave mudled the subject that the main cause of war Is non-Justlcable ques tions?" "The league purports to provide a way for conference and a verdict on non-Justiciable questions. How could this be done by an International court of Justice: that is. The Hague tri bunal modified along the line you propose?" "Are there any reservations or in terpretations which would make the present covenant oi tne league 01 na tions satisfactory to the republican party?" "What are the present inaicaiiuno that the voters of the United States object to the present covenant with reservations?" "What is the specific answer to tne charge that the republican candidate. having voted for the ioge reserva tions, now favors a dirrerent dispo sition of the treaty question?" "The treatv. having been returned to the president by the senate, will be In1 your hands, if you are elected. What will you do with it?" "What did you mean Dy me ex pression that under your aumimsira tlon the foreign policy of the United States would be 'reversed?' " Mexican Views Wanted. "What will be your attitude toward Mexiqo? You comment on tne cnarge of your opponents that your election Is likely to result In intervention. "Wlmt do vou think of the proposal that members of the cabinet should be announced before election?' "In what respect does tne repuD- lican programme as to taxation diner from that of the democrats?" "What detlnlte means, are proposeu by the republicans for lowering the cost of living: "What are the most Important fed- ml administration reforms contem plated If the republicans come into power . "Will the republicans. If victorious, continue what has become a habit with both parties acquiescence to labor union interference in govern mental affairs and legislation?" Senator Harding's answer to these questions are as follows: "jlv oosition respecting the league of nations is naturally different now, as a candidate, from what "'it was when I was considering it as a mem her of the senate. At that time, as a member of the senate. I could only consider what the president placed before us. We had no choice about the matter, except to deal with the covenant which he brought home from 1'arlB. "If I am elected to the presidency I will become the negotiating agent of the United States, and win have tne authority to undertake the negotia tion of a new covenant, which I would promptly proceed to do, after first ad vising with the senate, wnicn nas tne constitutional power to make any treaty effective. Instead of either go ing abroad to pursue a course in vio lation of the Judgment of the senate and presumably the sentiment of the country, 1 would start with the rea sonable assurance that any covenant negotiated would receive the sanction of that body. Rational Association Favored. "I have tried to make it clear that I want America to play its part in ere ating some new association of nations which shall be concerned with the i.romotion and preservation of peace 1 do not care specifically about The Hague tribunal, any more than I do about the league promulgated at I'aris. Nobody disputes that The Hacrue tribunal has thus far been in effectual.' As a matter of Justice to those who formulated its plans, it ought to be said that Germany ren dered it more or loss non-operative by its failure to Join In making It an International institution entirely worth while. I think that out of The HaKUe negotiation would have come a court of International Justice, which might have been made operative long before this, had it not been rejected by the present administration when It came into power. "I hold the International court to be a creation tor one thing, namely, a decision on what we call Justiciable questions. It is true, however, that causes which most frequently lead to war do not come under that title. For the consideration of such causes as are not Justiciable 1 would suggest an association, or a society, or a league of nations it little matters what we call it which shall constitute an in ttrnational conference for the free r.nd open discussion of International onestions which may lead to conflict. It is not possible to say that this onference always U going to prove effective In the prevention of con fllct, but such an association could bring to the world a complete revela tion of the questions whlch are menacing peace and readily bring to bear the opinion of mankind against an offending: nation i.i case it refused to yield to the recommendations of the conference. "In, other words, - this co-operative- effort of natisns to maintain peace! ana foster friendly relationships could brtns nations into understand ing or let the world know the reason why, and no one can doubt the effect ot world public opinion when based on sucti an endeavor to reach under standing. Partlaaa Prejudice Denied. "I have no mere partisan prejudices relating to the league negotiated by President Wllscn. 1 ald in the sen ate, and I cling to the opinion now, that the great mistake was in hurry ing to Europe (not in, the going It self) to create a league of nations upon which to found the treaty of peace, when the practical thing was lo work out the treaty of peace and speed the world's return to normal conditions, and then immediately ap ply the consciences of war-worn na tions and war-worn people to th creation of a league In the fullness of reflection, and nave it represent the aspirations of all mankind. Thus might have come a practical effort to establish a new order. "We know now, what we did not know when the treaty was before the senate, that the spokesmen for America thrust upon the qatlons of Europe the provisions of Article X. so frequently described as the 'heart of the league.' I quite agree that there can be no league which ap proximates the character of super government without something akin tr. Article X. It Is Impossible to have a council directing the decisions of nations and determining upon their relationship unless there is an'armed force to back up the decrees of the council. i "I have never been able to escape the impression that super-government was the thing aimed at, and .1 am sure that such a creation Is a thing to which America' ili never consent. "On, cannot havo much patience with the contention that America will r.ever be endangered because each member of the council of the league has the veto power. If one member of the council of th league has the veto power, if one member of the council can forestall action on the part of that body, it is evident it will never be able to exercise any author ity. Moreover, if the cause of Amer ica itself were concerned. Its membei would not have any veto power. Outside Orders Not Liked. "When the president gave us his first information concerning the league he very frankly said tnat manifestly we must not only hold to the majority Judgment of the council but we must be prompt in the accept ance of its orders, iest we put our selves In opposition to that which the president has pronounced 'the opinion cf mankind.' I hold that it is better to be protected by American con sciences in determining our obliga tions to humanity and the world. "The president said: 'It associates the free governments of the world in a permanent league in which they are pledged to use their united power to maintain peace by maintaining right and Justice. "Further, that the member govern ments undertake to be responsible to he opinion of mankind in the execu ion of their task by accepting the direction of the league of nations. 'In the president's address to the enate on July 10, speaking of the league of nations, he said: 'It pro- idea a means of common counsel which all were pledged to accept; a common authority whose decisions would be recognized as decMons which ail must respect.' In spite of all the fine arguments about it, the simple truth about the eague covenant is that either it con stitutes world government with power to enforce Its decisions or it going to prove the colossal dis appointment of the ages. If it is only an International organization for con ference, without power to act unless every member has agreed, then It is only a debating society designed to portray an International situation to all the world. If this be true, I think we will be dealing with ourselves and the world more fairly if we understand that fact rom the beginning, s'o one has ever objected to a plan to create an asso ciation which is designed to turn the ight of worldwide understanding upon threatening relationships and difficult questions and attempt to ex haust the influence of the world's public opinion upon threatening controversies. Rations! Substitute Proposed. All this, of course, has nothing to do with the international court. I am talking now about the league as an international political body on the one hand and proposing. a rational substitute for it. or an amended form of It, which may reasonably undertake all that it is now said the league Is Intended to do, and have the purpose of the revised covenant understood from the beginning. No nation wants to surrender its rights of nationality, and no strong nation desires to sub mit its course to a decision of foreign political powers. Especially must this be true when the decision relates to so serious a matter as going to war. "We have now fully come to under stand that the Versailles league is wholly dependent upon the man power back of the influence of- America to make it a workable body. It would be a rare nation in Europe, or elsewhere. which would not wish to be on terms of alliance with this republic. It is especially easy to understand why they wish America to back up the league after the president Insisted upon placing article 10 therein. It makes no difference as to the intent of power of article 10 to say that America could not be drawn into an European war without the consent of congress. 'We all understand that a treaty obligation supersedes all other law and becopieB the first obligation of the land. Such ought-to be the case America always means to hold its contracts as solemn.- obligations. It has always been held that congress In both branches must. In reality, con sent to every treaty Involving appro priations of funds. Such appropria tions must originate in the h-ouse though it is never consulted either in the making or the ratification of a treaty. The house would violate no compact of its own if, in the case of a treaty involving" expenditure, it declined to make the appropriation. As a matter of fact, there is no In stance In the history of the republic where the house of congress has failed to do its part in carrying out a compact made by the president and the senate, and we would not have it otherwise. We want every Ameri can contract faithfully kept. Binding Tie Is Seen. "If we enter Jnto the league of nations and consent to the provisions of article ten, and the majority of nations as represented in the council think it to be the duty of the league to use armed force, we would be1 morally bound to respond with men and treasure. The president has al ready said to us officially that a moral obligation is the most binding one that we know. "The reservation programme of the senate was designed to do more than Interpret the provisions of the reser vations. These reservations were de signed to limit our contract so that we could feel we were safeguarding American independence of action. That was the best we could do under the circumstances, but I really do not think that America, in good sports manship, should insist upon terms upon which America enters the league. whicrWdid not grant the same terms to other member nations. If there were not any other reason. I should be very anxious to amend the covenant so that in whatever relationship we contracted there would not be more required of other nations than we were content to assume for ourselves. I do not think anyone will question the fairness of this proposition, but the practical wisdom of it has been questioned by those who say it is im practicable to revise or amend the covenant. "The statesmen of Great Britain have frankly said that revision or amendment is not only needed, but is to be commended. It does not seem to me that there will be difficulty in securing' the consent of the 28 states which have already signed to any well-thought-out programme the Judgment of greater reflection to which the principal allied and asso ciated powers are ready to commit themselves. Any other suggestion is a conviction that the five great pow ers have lost their leadership in the world. .'' Coercion Scented In South. "We have been told that some of the South American, states entered the league with great misgivings, and did so only on the part of great in sistence. I think indeed, I know that the nations of the world are go ing to welcome a revision and s,re ea ger to find themselves In a new asso ciation. In which we ourselves are chiefly concerned, to promote world understanding rather than world gov ernment, and the right of Justice rath er .than force. "I have already said that in the sen ate were were dealing with a problem which we could not dispose of in any other way- except under -the reserva tion plan or reject altogether. I think it is practical and easy to negotiate a new or amended compact. The world Is waiting' for it - and is eager for America to assume leadership. "Undoubtedly, there la much that is good in the covenant of Versailles. 1 have no desire to fling that all aside. I said as much in the senate; that under the reservation programme we were still retaining the framework of a position In the international as sociation which might, under deliber ation and fuller reflection, serve as a workable agency to further the main tenance of peace' It does not In any way change my estimate of the good in It to recognize that its ratification was prevented by the Impracticable and un-American proposals therein. Perhaps the league as negotiated was as good as we could have expected in view of the manner and haste in which It was negotiated. The greatest alteration of all time in International relationship is not to be worked out in a week, or a month, or a year, but ought to command the deliberate at tention of the best minds of the great est men of the time. American Sentiment Lacking. "I am not disparaging in any way by thought or suggestion the high standard or the capacity of the mem bers of the Paris conference. I only know that the league formation was unduly hurried with the thought of founding .peace upon it, and the whole programme wouid have been more practical if completely reversed. We- knew at the time that the negotiation did not represent the Bentiment of America. We know now that article 10 was thrust Into the covenant con trary lo the Judgment of the states men of Europe. ' "There is a more dependable con science throu'ghout the world today than there was In the period which Immediately followed the war. Hu manity had not quite recovered itself theri. It did not have the poise which graces a great decision, and the league covenant was marred in haste when it should have been strengthened in ample reflection We have had some of that reflection now, and the reaction is revealed in the change of American sentiment and that of the world. "I am In favor of international co-operation and conference.. "I know" -America' wants to play her full part. f know we have no selfish ends to serve, and, best of all. we have no newly acquired territory to protect or to ask any other na tions to help us in protecting it. Ours was the one great unselfish part in the world war. and I want Amer ica to be Just as unselfish in doing its part to further the world's peace. I am eure we can do it. "No man can tell today the situa tion which will confront the United States six or .seven months hence. If those who speak for the president and for the democratic nominee really want the league covenant ratified with reservations though twice such an opportunity was declined by di rection of the president It is pos sible that the ratification may be brought about long before the new administration comes into power. Reservations Yet Kous-ht. "Personally, I do not think that the president wants ratification's with reservations any more today than he did three or ten months ago: and, since the democratic nominee has an- nounced his being in perfect accord with the president. It is fair to as sume that he does not desire any more than the president does its rat ification with reservations. The is sue has long since been plainly marked. The president. who has spoken for his party and still speaks for it as far as foreign relations are concerned. Insisted from the begin ning that we must accept his nego tiations without change in any form. I never could consent to that. Here the two parties are in complete and abiding -opposition. "I want those who believe in a new association of nations to feel that the cause is by no means flung aside. I want to approach it with freedom, with eagerness to serve, the world, but with a determination that no compact wiy ever be made to in volve this republic in war at the be hest of a conference of foreign powers. More than that. I believe in the United States of America rather than In a super-government of the world. "I have already said publicly what my attitude will be toward Mexico renewed assurance of hearty readiness in extending a helping hand, but it all must be founded on the absolute as surance that Mexico is going to pro tect the rights of Americans, the lives and property of Americans lawfully located in that republic "I do not think well of announcing a "cabinet prior to election. It is not a practical thing under our political system. When a man enters the presi dency ambitious to create the strong est administration possible, which I certainly hope to do, I want to be free to choose without pre-election em barrassment. . "I cannot satisfactorily discuss the difference between the taxation pro grammes of the two parties. No one can understand the programme of the democratic party. The nominee has said that he favors the repeal of the excess profits taxes and to substi tute therefor a tax on business, but insists it. must not be an offending consumers' tax. I do not understand how we can have a general tax on business without It being a consum ers' tax. Nothing more nor less. I am not ready to make a declaration for a consumers' tax. Profits Tax Held Unfair. "Frequently I have found the excess profits tax unfair. I think it unjust and probably unnecessary from this time on. Moreover, it is not only a discouragement to business, but it is one of the sources of the high cost of living. We shall work out its early repeal. I wish I were prepared to specify the thing to be taken as a substitute. Frankly, I do not know and would not undertake to pass Judgment or offer a recommendation until we can be properly informed as to the necessities of the government and the relation of our tax income to our obligations. "There is one difference I am sure about, and that is that a republican administration can and will cut the expenses of government, and will do so to such an extent that in all prob ability we can bring about the relief of a great part of the excesive bur dens imposed by the war. "No man can tell what he is going to do to reduce-the cost of living. I have suggested some of the things that will help to reduce it. "One is deliberate deflation. An other is reduced cost of governrrtent. Another Is an appeal to the American people to put an end to extravagance. Another is to Inspire a higher ef ficiency of production, so that we may still maintain the highest standards of wages and reduce producing costs. Another is to bring consumer and pro ducer closer together. Another is to make a drive at the profiteering in big operations rather than stage spectacular drives against petty of fenders who really do not have much influence. To restore the efficiency of transportation is going to prove helpful. Finally, cost of living is af fected as much by wasteful distribu tion as by constricted production; in deed, I consider that -distribution pre sents the greater world problem." JAPANESE OWNER SUED California Suit Seeks to Forfeit Land Worth $500,000. VISALIA. Cal.. Sept. 18. Applica tions for receivers for city and agri cultural realty In and adjacent to Vlsalia valued at more than half ; a million dollars, which is alleged to be controlled by Japane.-e in violation of the state alien land law. were filed in the superior court here Friday. Supporting affidav:ts of the appli cation set forth that S. Sumlda was found in possession of a 1500-acre vineyard and orchard property 11 I On Sale Special Booth Main M Floor, Also Sewing Machine H Department, Second Floor SE SEE ALSO BACK PAGE, THIS SECTION! ,TMt Q.uALrTf' Store op Portland.' On Sale Special Booth Main , Floor, Also Sewing Machine Department, Second Floor. Special Sale of . 0 WING MACHINES. . To Make Room for Carload of Sewing Machines Now on the Way to Us From the Factory SALE STARTS TOMORROW AND CLOSES SATURDAY EVENING Eldrcdge Two-Spool Rotarv Sewing Machine Style No. 278 (Pictured) "Western Electric" $57.50 Portable Electric Sewing Machine . Four styles to select from : Rotary Vibrating; Shuttle. We Will Allow $15 : a Two-Spool Automatic During This Sale on any sewing machine regardless of its make, age or condition toward the purchase of a Western Electric sewing machine. ' If desired pay only $1 $1 DOWN WEEK Regular Price Before and After This Sale $72.50 Six drawers full hand rubbed quarter-sawed golden oak woodwork ball - bearing stand. The Eldredge Two-Spool is the only sewing machine made that sews direct from two or dinary spools of thread No Bobbins to Wind Your old sewing machine taken as part payment. If de sired, pay only $1 DOWN $1 WEEK No interest. Meier & Frank's: Second Floor. (Mail Orders Filled.) miles south of Visalla; that he was receiving rents. Issues and profits thereof, harvesting and selling crops therefrom; that a crop of prunes thereon was now ready for market, with a value of $10,000, and a crop of raisins valued at 20,000, and an olive crop of undeterminable value. WHITE BABEJWW CHINESE Chicago's Yellow Smart Set Cele brates Unique Adoption. CHICAGO, Sept. 18. (Special.) The Chinese smart set is celebrat ing an unusual event today. On Sep tember 1, when Mrs. LI wife of a Chinese importer, opened her door she found a basket, and lying In it a golden-haired Caucasian baby girl a few weeks old. Mrs. L1 is crazy about sunshine hair, so she took the baby in, and today formally adopted It in court. Tonight all the Lis and all their friends are celebrating the christen ing of Miss Lucille Li. the waif. A big dinner and some mysterious Chi nese liquids are features of the Jollity. KETCHIKAN CIjEANUP IS ON Drug Peddlers and Liquor Opera tors Objective of Drive. KETCHIKAN, Alaska. Sept. 18. In a cleanup crusade to rid this city of drug peddlers end illicit liquor opera- Ltors, Mayor Hund and Police Chlet Hendrickson, heading the local dry squad, seized opium, morphine and cocaine valued at $5000 and 17 cases of whisky In raids conducted early Friday. Mrs. William Hudson, who was ar rested on the street, was said to have had in her possession a handbag con taining a saply of narcotics. The whisky was seized in a local hotel, hidden behind a false partition. Mayor Hund declared he would con tinue the raids until the town was "cleaned up." Tho peculiarity of the cardinal's hat Is that it is not intended to bo worn.' On on occasion only Is it to be 3een on the head of acardinal, and that Is when the pope places it there as a symbol of its owner's elevation to the sacred collepre. When a cardi nal dies his h:?t i jilced on coffin. From Obscurity to Success ru BUSINESS COLLEGE WASHINGTON AND TENTH STREETS PORTLAND. OREGON WRITE FOR CATALOG Open All the Year Enter at Any Time DAY SCHOOL-NIGHT SCHOOL m .Business iourse, snorinana course r Secretarial Course One or More Special Branches Telephone Broadway 1821 I have held to the principle of straightforward, consistent merchandising of offering my patrons the best obtainable at the lowest prices. My low upstairs rent and small overhead have made this pos sible. They make it ALWAYS a fact that here you get reput able merchandise at bedrock prices. Come One Flight Up See the Finest of Fall Suits and Overcoats $30 to $60 Raincoats as Low as $20 One price all the year round the lowest. irvi n n t7 nn n rtW7c PORTLAND'S ORIGINAL UPSTAIRS CLOTHIER Upstairs, Broadway at Alder Cat-ty Corner From the Pantages Fall ' iff Shoe $6 A Bulls-Eye Shot at High-Priced Fall Shoes A slump in the shoe market enabled our Bos ton headquarters to jump in with the ready cash and buy heavily in anticipation of the fall trade at the lowest pos sible prices. Thus two birds were killed with one stone: 1. Another forceful blow was directed at this fall's high shoe prices. 2. Our customers were insured of another sea son of liberal savings. Come and take ad vantage of the benefits that chain-store effi ciency lays at your feet. .70 Stores 70 Stores BET. WASHINGTON AND ALDER ON FOURTH Opposite Circle Theater