8
THE SUNDAY OREGOXIAX, rORTLAXD, APRIL 11, 1920
ESTABLISH ED BY 1IEXBV L. flTTOCK.
Published by Th Oregonlan Publishing Co,
135 SixUi Street. Portland. Oregon.
C. A. MORDKN. B. B. PIPER,
Manager. Editor.
The Oregonlan la a member of the Asso
ciated Press. The Associated: Press Is
exclusively entitled to the use for. publica
tion of ail news dispatches credited to It
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also the local news published herein. All
rights of republication of special dispatches
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Circulation, Etc., Required by the Act
Of tnnirmi of August 24, 1012,
Of Sunday Oregonlan, published each
Sunday at Portland, Oregon, for April 1.
IKl'O. State of Oregon. County of Mult
nomah. Before me, a notary public In ami for
the state and county aforesaid, personally
appeared C. A. Morden, who. having been
duly sworn according to law, depose and
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land, if a dally paper, the circulation),
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y the art of August 24, 1I2, embodied in
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to wit:
1. That the names and addresses of the
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Publisher, Oregonlan -Publishing Co.,
C. A. Morden. Mantiger, Portland. Oregon.
Kditor. K II. Piper, Portland. Oregon.
Business manager. W. E. Hartmus. Port
land, Oregon.
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Owner, Oregonlan Publishing Co., Inc.,
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C. A. MORDEN,
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Sworn to and subscribed before me this
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(Seal) "W. E. HARTMUS.
(My commission expires May 25. 1928.)
penalty is thus imposed on those in- leflection will' persuade the observer
OUR TKOIBLES AND THE WAT OUT
Every American should have been
able to hear and take to himself the
speech made by Frank A. Vanderlip
at the Portland Chamber of Com
merce Wednesday evening. Calmly,
forcibly and with unerring logic he
pointed out the evils from which
this country suffers, though in a far
less degree than the rest of the
world. He showed the causes of
these evils to be departures from
the basic principles of economic
truth by governments, business men,
manufacturers and workmen in the
lieat of conflict, and persisted in
since the war ended through sheer
inability to make'a beginning at re
turn to the right path. He gave a
word-picture of nations which have
been wrought up to a supreme nerv
ous effort under the impetus of in
tense passion and conviction, which
ore suddenly released from that pres
sure and are called upon to do some
of the . coldest, straightest thinking
that man ever did and to apply them
selves intensely to those ordinary oc
cupations which seem to be dreary
drudgery after the excitement of
war.
Mr. Vanderlip showed that we in
America have been guilty of the
same economic sins as other nations
and that, if we have sinned less, it
was because the temptation was not
so overpowering. We have multi
plied several times the volume of
currency, which is the representative
of things produced, while eince 1914
we have increased production only
six per cent. To meet the financial
exigencies caused by war,, that the
government might borrow cheaply,
the secretary of the treasury Induced
the federal reserve board to fix a
low discount rate, which stimulated
issue of more currency whom there
was no increase of production on
which to base it. The result is in
flation, which has given us a 40-cent
dollar, and he warns us that we may
yet have a SO-cent dollar.
The effect of that 40-cent dollar
is high wages, strikes for higher
wages, profiteering, much qf it in
voluntary, still higher prices which
provoke more strikes for still higher
wages. The process of artificially
lifting prices is accelerated by reck
less spending both by the new mil
lionaires whom the war has bred,
tnd by men who imagine that, be
cause they have more dollars, they
have more to spend. This greater
desire to buy when there is no in
crease in the supply of things to buy
ft a direct cause of mounting prices,
which incite demands for higher
wages from men who are unwilling
to give up luxuries which they for
the first time enjoyed in the hectic
days of war prosperity.
We can cure this disease only by
applying more capital and more labor
to increased production, which would
put more value into our dollars, and
at the same time by reducing the
volume of currency to the point
where it would truly represent the
value of our aggregate production.
The value of each dollar would then
rise as production grew and as the
aggregate number of dollars in cir-
culation diminished. But the way to
these remedies is blocked by two
more violations of economic law.
One is a system-of direct taxation
which. Mr. Vanderlip says, takes 79
per oent of the largest fortunes.
Politicians and legislators have had
their minds so concentrated on the
desire to place the main burden' of
taxation on these large fortunes as
to have overlooked the fact that
they have hitherto furnished the
main fund of capital with which to.
increase production. These taxes
fall on productive enterprise so
heavily as to discourage investment
in them and as to force demand for
high prices in order thatthey may
carry the burden, and by restricting
production they help the manufac
turer and merchant to obtain these
high prices. ""The law also has fur
nished capital with a safe refuge
from taxation by creating a class of
securities that is exempt from taxes
and the volume of which- has been
Increased to about fourteen billion
dollars and is still increasing. A
vestments which increase production,
and a premium is placed on those
which increase it little or. not at all.
Labor also has sunk to about 60
per cent of normal efficiency and
thus co-operates with unwise taxa
tion , in restricting production. The
causes are several. ; The most imme
diate cause is the reaction from the
exaltation of spirit arising from the
war to the consideration of the ma
terial necessities of the nation and
the individual in the disturbed con
dition which has followed. A re
duced supply of labor coincides with
an increased demand and encourages
labor to demand more wages and to
give less for them. - All manner of
economic heresies are eagerly em
braced with the same effect. The
most deepseated of all causes is the
ignoring by both capital and labor of
the truth that it is not a commodity,
but that the human factor varies
widely the quantity and quality of its
output. The modern industrial sys
tem has withdrawn -the employer
from personal contact with his work
men and has made work so mechani
cal as to destroy the workman's in
terest in it. Employers by adhering
to the time system and unions by
resisting its abandonment by those
employers who have seen the truth
encourage the delusion that labor is
a -commodity, that each man is as
good as the next and that wages can
be sustained by limiting hours of
work and production. revolution
ists foster this delusion by teaching
that employers' appropriate a large
part of labor's just share in the price
of the product. They must be silenced
by resort to a neW system which will
secure to the workman all of his
share and will convince him that he
gets it, which will change the rela
tion between employer and work
man so that they will be always con
scious of .being practically partners
In a common enterprise.
Solution of all these problems re
quires 'wide economic education of
the American people, that they may
decide wisely in choosing the men
who shall lead them through the
next four critical years. .There is a
popular impression that economics
are an abtruse science that is aloof
from, their ordinary affairs. It is in
fact the science by which their
every-day life is governed whether
they shall be rich, poor or merely
well-to-do. well or ill-fed and clad,
have good or bad health, be mar
ried' or not, have children or not: it
is concerned with all these things.
Its fundamental truths are simple as
the ten commandments and, if we
cling to them in reasoning out our
problems, we shall reach conclusions.
The American people are capable of
this education in economics, and it
devolves on their leaders to turn
their minds to the subject. Finance
was regarded as a science too deep
for the ordinary man prior" to 1896,
but the free silver craze forced the
people to study it in order that they
might reach a right decision. They
mastered Its truths and decided ac
cording to them. .They can do so
again with regard to the economic
'problems which now confront them.
In order that they may work out
the solution wisely, they must choose
leaders of sound character, as well
as sound opinions, to direct the af
fairs of the nation. For president
tney need n idealist who keeps his
I laeais in close relation to realities:
a man wno com mnes business ability
wun statesmanship; stalwart Ameri
canism with close knowledge of the
worm at large; a man who will not
sacrifice principle to opportunism
man who will have courage to tell
the people unpalatable truth and to
do unpopular things; also a man of
iirm win, Dut not stubborn in his
insistence on his own plan.
that it is at least plausible- And
"since the average person is ignorant
of the unconscious activities of his
mind, the revelations of what goes
on there are as strange to him as
if they Came from another sphere."
The unfilled wishes are among the
newly revealed treasures of the store
room. Interest in so-called psychic
phenomena is likely to be keenest
in individuals in whom discontent
with environment is most intense.
All of us like to build castles in
the air. Day dreams are a pleasing
relief from the sordid monotonies of
life. "The average person whose
wishes are within the realms of pos
sibility," suggests Dr. Brill, "makes
a strong effort to realize them, and
whether he succeeds or fails he ad
justs himself to conditions." With
inability to exert corresponding men
tal control there is likely to exist
delusion as to the reality. "The wish
is father to the thought" may have
a deeper psychic significance -than
is made superficially to appear. The
effort to evade reality finds many
forms of expression. The psychiatrist
believes that resort to alcohol is one
of them, Certainly the mania for
gambling in Germany since that
country failed completely to achieve
its ambition for world domination
seems capable of explanation upon
that theory. Those who have aban
doned hope of obtaining fulfilment
of their desires through their own
efforts find it easier to make Delieve.
When the mechanisms of the natural
emotions fail, the so-called psychic
phenomena are ready at hand.
The struggle for existence goes on.
Our prehistoric ancestors had not
developed the "psychic" side of their
natures in all probability because
they had too much else to do. It
has not been proved that men fn
the stone age had less inherent men
tal capacity than the present genera
tion, but it was not until they found
leisure to do so that they began to
create oracles, fortune tellers, good
and bad fairies and imps and sprites.
These, like the ouija board. Dr. Brill
regards as "symptoms .rather than
causes." The injury they may do
is serious only as they may unfit
the individual for reality. The cure,
he finds, is work and comprehension
of the soundness of the maxim that
the Lord helps those that help them
selves. The ouija board as a medium
of entertainment probably would
have attracted no more attention
than the game of authors; it is only
those who try- to substitute it for
the old-fashioned virtue of self-re
liance who- will need to consider
seriously the warning that students
like Dr. Brill are seeking to convey.
of knowledge of the adaptabilities or
limitations of the soil-after it has
been reclaimed, and introduction into
a state of industries which, though
feasible as scientific abstractions, did
not fit into farm management opera
tions for local economic reasons, fur
nish other apt illustrations.
Under co-operative conditions, on
the other hand, most of that which
is now known,. of the possibilities of
scientific breeding of livestock for
meat and milk production has been
revealed, disease-resistant grains
have been perfected and measures
nave Deen established for the pro
tection of farmers against fraud.
The Babcojk milk tester, the great
est single factor in development of
the dairy industry, was another
product of the system, which has
bles were over then, but they were
not. The vocational board then be
gan to dun him for money that had
been advanced him while he was
sick and out of training. The. class
in accounting to which he was as
signed often had a hundred students
to one instructor and "aside froru
the irrelevance of the work it was
wasteful in itself." Edwards finally,
by sheer pluck but only after many
months, succeeded in kicking ,up
such a row hat the board made a
special order of his case and straight
ened it out. ,
Testimony given by a soldier
named Hammond, relating to the
New York office of the board, is
illuminating: : ' '
and received a flag she had treas- BY - PKOUltTS OK THE TIMES
ured, but not the same flag she had
used that morning. Mrs. Freltchie ognltlo of Deity os I sited Slsie.
died on December 18 of the same ! t'olns Dates Back, to lsoi.
year, being then tuteen oays over
96 years old.
In an explanatory note-appended
to the poerrt in some of the later edi
tions of his works, Whittier dis
closed that he was not unmoved by
the charge' of historical inaccuracy,
and said:
I am safely assuming mat there must
have been 2O0 people .employed by the
iustified itsplf in thpen and mn n v , ,e"1 ooara m mat- oruce. There were
jusi.ij.iea ltseir in tnese ana many no more than thirty men examined taat
cay. l ne average time taken for each
man was about thirty minutes.. I retnained
HOW EAST!
Much of the financial difficulties
of the street railway company could
be composed without financial cost
to the taxpayers or the car-riding
public. Only a sacrifice of con
venience would be required of a cer
tain class.
That class is the portion of the
public which daily rides to and from
business in private automobiles. .It
includes friends and strangers in
vited to ride as well as the owners
of cars.
Now there Is a call from one of
the great oil companies, through the
medium of a page advertisement, for
curtailment of use of gasoline in
pleasure cars. If this curtailment is
not accomplished by voluntary act
of the car owners it may be accom
plished by a forced rationing system
in which the commercial user will
have the preference.
The city of Portland, moreover,
suffers from a traffic congestion in
the downtown streets, caused in large
part by parked automobiles.
Here are three birds that miirht
be killed with one-stone: The Si
cent fare, the gasoline shortage, the
trarric congestion.
The situation la pointed out for
consideration and to illustrate how
thoroughly we have fallen into hab
its of luxnry which we decline to
surrender. It is not suggested that
prohibition of parking within a wide
radius of the business section could
be enforced without loud protest, but
it would be a solution of several
problems from which everybody
would be the gainer even the auto
mobile -owner, for it costs more than
the price of a streetcar ride for him
to drive his car to town.
ASK JOHNSON.
The correspondent who today askf
The Oregonian whether it will sup
port Hiram Johnson if he .shall be
nominated by the republicans for
president and who moralizes- on the
virtues of singing the praises of one's
favorite as opposed to criticism of
other candidates would Jnetter direct
his inquiries and his moralizing to
Senator Johnson himself.
So far as we have observed Senator
Johnson is the onljaspirant for the
republican nomination who is mak
ing deleterious 'remarks about other
aspirants for that honor. He has
fallen in with Senator Borah in insin
uating and charging that other can
didates are supported by the "vested
interests." Trom his headquarters
at San Francisco have come to The
Oregonian within the laefweek two
installments of press agent's mate
rial, both of which are confined ex
clusively to attacks upon Herbert
Hoover.
What is Senator Johnson going to
do if some other than himself is
nominated, as some other surely will
be? Will he support the republican
party's choice? Will he retract?
As for The Oregonian it has not
said anything about Senator Johnson
which it will retract. As to sup
porting him if the improbable hap
pens, it will cross that bridge when
it reaches it.
other particulars, i
Dean Thatcher contends with rea
son that not only the form but the
spirit of-co-operation - must be ob
served if the people as a whole are
to receive the full benefits of the
work of scientists. He admits that
his military simile fails him at this
point, for while he would seek co
ordination in the mass attack, he
would do nothing to suppress by ex
cessive discipline the initiative of in
dividuals without' which" discovery
and "invention would be impossible.
But it is not clear that sacrifice of
individuality would be nsa-essury to
a . co-ordinated programme. The
greatest American industries have
demonstrated In many instances that
men with scientific training can be
persuaded to work together in har
mony, and this was proved also in
a large way after the research de
partments of the government had
been fully organized for the pur
poses of the war. It ought to be
demonstrable - that at least the de
partments of science which look to
the public for support can be sub
jected to the discipline which Dean
Thatcher has shown sto be definitely
in the public interest.
SLICIOAL.
Spread of unauthorized strikes
among railroad switchmen is evi
dence in itself of the fallacy, of the
one big union idea. These strikes
are accomplished by the guerilla tac
tics of militant local minorities.
There always will be such minorities.
They are a product of a law of hu
man nature which can never be repealed.
Today it is demonstrated that the
personal influence of comrades on
the job is more potent among work
ers than appeals or threats issued at
long distance by duly constituted na
tional officers. The face-to-face
argument, threat or intimidation will
always, prevail over the letter or the
telegram.
Existene of one big union with
out insurgency , at times is incon
ceivable, and insurgency .will always
prevail where it can be urged
through personal contact. In com
munist Russia it has been found
necessary to maintain labor's sol
idarity by force of arms and by
grant of special food privileges. Only
guns and bribes are effective. They
quell everything but the mutterings.
In the United States labor has
probably reached its nearest ap
proach to solidarity. Its craft or
ganizations are becoming unwieldy.
Insurgency is in the air and national
officers dare not punish recalci
trancy. Repeated rejections of the
advice and counsel ot the best lead
ership, violations of umbn regula
tions and repudiations of contracts
all menace the great structure of
conservative, progressive unionism.
Rather than one big union we are
more likely to rettirn to a multi
plicity of small detached unions with
diminished power to gain from em
ployers that to which labor is-justly
entitled.
from 10 o'clock in the morning until
noon, when they told me to come bark
after dinner. Some men gbt discouraged,
as they had been waiting two or three
days, and said it did no look as if they
were coming through at all.
It is significant that' witnesses be
fore the investigating committee do
not criticise the law by itself. There
was, however, much condemnation
of the administration of the law. In
i wnprl tVtA mftct Iniimrl i nt rionart.
ment of the whole government hav- I Jegend-nongers
ing relation to the discharge of the
people's debt to disabled soldiers ap
pears to have become, on admissions
of its own representatives, badly en
meshed in red tape.
THE BARBARA-FRrETCHIK IE6KXD.
Nomination of Barbara Frietchie
for a place in' the hall of fame, to
be voted on next October, and inter
preted in the' advance press an
nouncement by the council of New
York "University as a "reflection of
the active participation of women in
the world war and the subsequent
change of mind that has been
wrought by the extension of women's
sphere," probably is more significant
ot .the vitality of a legend in the
midst of hist6ry. Parson Weems'
imaginative version of the" George
Washington cherry tree incident, is
another illustration of the point. The
little hatchet of Washington is no
more real than' Barbara's flag, which
Whitter, who made it famous, has
admitted he probably confounded
with another historic happening.
There was, nevertheless, .a real
Barbara Freitchie, as historians have
been to some pains to discover. One
credible account says that she was
born in Lancaster, Pa., in 1766, that
she was the third daughter of Nich
olas and Catherine llauer, and that
her father, who was a native of Dil
dendorf, Germany, and a hatniaker,
came to America in 1754, settling in
Lancaster and working at his trade
until 1770, when he removed to
Frederick, Md where the incident
reported by Whittier was supposed
to have taken place. Barbara was
one of a number of yonrsg women
invited to wait on President Wash-
i
This poem was written In strict con
formity to the account of the incident as
1 had It from respectable and trustworthy
sources. It has since been the subject of
a good deal of conflicting testimtHiy. and
the story was probably incorrect In some
of its details. It Is admitted by all that
Barbara Freltchie was no myth, but a
worthy and highly esteemed gentlewoman.
Intensely loyl and a hater of the slavery
rebellion, holding her union flag "sacred
and keeping it with her Bible: that hoo
the Confederates halted before her home
and entered her dooryard she denounced
them in vigorous language, shut her door
in their faces, and drove them out; and
when General Buinslde's troops followed
close upon Jackson's, she waved her flag
and cheered them. It is slated that May
Quantrell. a brave and loyal lady In an
other part of the city, did wave her flag
In sight of the Confederate. It Is possible
that there has been a blending of the two
incidents-. '
The difficulties confronting the
historian, it will be conceded, are
immeasurably heightened by the
Am, for illustration.
in a more recent time, there is con
flict of testimony over the "Lafay
ette, we are here!" once attributed
to General Pershing, later ascribed
to Colonel Stanton, who visited the
tomb of Lafayette In company with
Pershing, and again, only recently.
credited by no less an authority than
Marshal Foch to General Pershing.
"We can start at once; we made
preparations on the way," said to
have been the answer of Admiral
Sims to the British admiralty's ques
tion, "When willyou be ready?" is
now declared by more careful in
eiulrers to have been uttered by
Commander Taussig, but the Sims
J tradition is hard to overtake. His
tory is filled with incidents showing
that people are not, deeply concernea
with the minor differences between
fact and fiction. The patriotic idea
embodied in the Bafbana" Freitchie
legend has taken hold of the imagi
nation of a people, and the idea
rather than the person will be per
petuated, if. as is not wholly Ira-
nrnhalile. Barbara shall win her
place in the Hall of Fame.
TKYTJiG TO ELUDE REALITY.
Dr. A. A. Brill, a member of the
faculty of New York university.
translator of the works of Freud and j
a leading American psychiatrist,
makes a noteworthy contribution to
current efforts to diagnose the ouija
ooara craze in a statement in which
he says that "the ouija board is used
by people tho want to get some
thing ror nothing." They are tnl
to be the same people who would
go to a fortune teller or a medium,
though not all of them have done so.
But the seeming marvels accom
plished by the bewitched bit of fur
niture sire, he says, due to the cir
cumstance that "the ouija -board is
not guided by ghosts but by the un
conscious impulses of the persons
who operate it.
The Freudian theory that most of
our unfilled wishes are relegated to
the unconscious mind, whence they
emerge only in sleep or in a kind
of waking dream finds expression in
the ouija board, among other ways.
The "unconscious impulses," which
in the Freudian psychology mean the
unconscious attempts of the indi
vidual to adapt himself to his en
vironment, hold us constantly in
thrall. We do not know Dr. Brill's
authority for the estimate that' "only
about one-eighth of our doings orig
inate ifi consciousness," but a littl
CO-OPERATION IN RESEARCH.
Dean Thatcher of the department
of agriculture of the University of
Minnesota makes a strong point in
favor of - co-operation in general
scientific research in an article in
School and Society in which he
shows how important co-ordinated
action has been proved to be in the
case of agriculture. The former idea
that research was purely individual,
that "it was a sort of inner flame
which was easily stifled by admin
istrative restrictions," seems to be
giving way before the broader con
ception that solution of problems
that concern society is likely to be
facilitated by more socially "con
ducted research. The borders of the
field of human knowledge are to be
pushed back, as Dean Thatcher puts
it, not only by brilliant sorties into
the field of the unknown by daring
individual spirits, but also by great.
organized mass attacks, having as
their purpose the' pushing back of
long sectors of the line.
Professor Thatcher shows that
lack of proper co-ordination between
scientific departments in a public in
stitution may have positively harm
ful results, and cites a number ot
classical examples. "It almost in
variably happens that in any given
institution some laboratory or group
of scientists develops more rapidly
than others, or brings its investiga
tions to a conclusion and makes its
results known before other phases
oT the ' same general problem are
studied." Thus It occurred only a
few years ago that a new and seem
ingly highly promising strain of
wheat was developed by a plant
breeder before its satisfactory mill
ing quality had been demonstrated
by the chemists of the same Jnstitu
tion, and also before plant patholo
gists had had opportunity to deter
mine its resistance to plant diseases.
Horticulturists once recommended
general planting as a hardy orna-
mental shrub of the barberry, which
afterward proved to be a singularly
disastrous host for the perpetuation
of black stem rust of -Wheat a para
site that, without the barberry as an
intermediary, would have died
natural death.
Until federal regulations concern
ing importation of new plants had
been brought up to date as the re
suit of the work of department
scientists, numerous seemingly valu
able fruits and grains were Intro
duced into the country by explorers,
adding to general crop production
but carrying parasites which in new
environment became a .menace to
production as a whole. ' Western
growers will recall without difficulty
the costly introduction of new strains
ot alfalfa. Development of extensiv
reclamation projects, particularly in
relation to- drainage, far in advanc
VOCATIONAL RED TAPE.
An impressive revelation of the
deadening effects of bureaucratic red
tape is being made through the in
vestigation into the federal board of
vocational education now in progress
in Washington. The pertinacity of
some of the fighting men, it is in
dicated by testimony taken by the
committee, has been a powerful in
strument in procuring action that
rom the beginning was hampered
ty apparent lack of effective organ
ization, overmanning of bureau of
fices and widespread disinclination
to accept responsibility for definite
uction. xThe soldier witnesses at the
hearing, who confined themselves to
the facts of their own experience,
constituted a severe arraignment of
the system under which the law had
been administered.
ine case or John j. Davis, a
cavalryman; reported in detail by
the Washington correspondent of the
isew iotk r.vening h-ost, is among
the Interesting ones. Davis made ap
plication ten months ago for train-
ng in agriculture, the nature of his
disability making outdoor work de
sirable for him. He was discharged
n April, 1919, and made formal ap
plication, for training on June 1
Physicians of the war risk Insurance
bureau examined him and rated him
as disabled. 'From New York he
traveled to Washington, where he
encoutered a "courteous reception,"
and his papers were forwarded to
Baltimore. There they were pigeon
holed. But Davis was persistent, and
in reply to repeated demands he re
ceivea, arter some weeks, a request
for another affidavit. The record
discloses:
The first suggestion for the recog
nition of the deity on the coin of the-
-United States was made by M. R.
Watkinson of Ridleyville, Pa., who
signed himself "Minister of the Gos
pel," in a letter dated November 13.
lSfii. says the Kansas City Times. He
wrote to Secretary of the Treasury
Salmon P. Chase suggesting the words
"God, Liberty, Law," be inscribed on
our .coins. Whether Secretary Chase
was moved by this letter or not it is
impossible to say, but it is a fact that
a week later Mr. Chase sent a letter
to the director of the mint at Phila
delphia, in -which he said: "No nation
can be strong except in the strength
of God, or safe except in his defense.
The trust of Our people in God should
be declared on our national coins. You
will cause
without unnecessary delay, with a
motto expressing In the fewest and
tersest words possible this national
recognition."
The mottoes prepared by the di
rector of the 'mint were, these: "Our
Country; Our God," and "God, 'Our
Trust." These did not wholly suit
Secretary Chase, who commented
upon them in a letter to the director
of the mint. His letter: "I approve
your mottoes, only suggesting . .
that the frist should begin with 'Our
God," so as to read 'Our God and Our
Country," and that the motto on the
shield, should be changed so as to
read instead of 'God. Our Trust." 'In
God W Trust.'"
An act passed on April 22, 1S64,
changing the composition of the 1
eent piece and authorizing the coin
age of the 2-cent piece, gave author
ity to the director of the mint, with
the approval of the secretary of the
treasury, to fix the devices of the 2
cent piece. "In God We Trust" first
appeared on the 2-cent bronze piece.
On March S, 1S63, an act was passed
making it lawful for this motto to
appear on such coins as will admit
the inscription. Under this act the
motto was placed on the J20. $10 and
$5 gold pieces, and in the latter part
of 1865 on the SO and"25-cent silver
pieces.
i As Told in Town.
j By GrmcsfE. Hall. .
lie leaves the haze of the smoky town
When the east is aglow with rose.
And takes the road that is winding
out
Through valleys serene and still;
There are pools where the bushes
bending down
Give shade to the silver trout.
And he wears a smile as mile on mle
He covers the dale and. hill.
He reaches at length the rushing
stream
When the morning sun first shows.
With flies and tackle of modern mode
Makes ready for thrilling joy;
An urchin uncouth breaks up his
dream
As whistling, past he goes.
With a willow pole to a near-by goal.
With the nonchalance of a boy.
. T1,. h.ill,'..! ...... T J . I,-
a device to be prepared I ... . . - ..f n.. ,-..'
The city nimrod is faint and worn
From the strain of the fruitless
days;
When the basefoot urchin with crafty
Strolls past with a glance of scorn;
But pauses a while to watch and
smile.
And the stranger's basket weigh.
There's a furtive bargain between the
t wo
The end of a perfect dream!
The sunset splashes the western hill.
The evening winds blow cool;
Tomorrow the angler will thrill you
through
With tales of a mountain stream.
Where you drag out trout 'til you're
plumb worn out.
From the depth of a foam-flecked
pool!
He had not been awarded training tr
naa not oeen ocmea training. His name
na oeen put on a loiaer. his papers had
oeen piaceu in tne toiaer and seemingly
the folder had been put swr- for all
time. Although he had appeared at the
central office of the board for training
lea mgnins ,su. nuinini naa Happened.
A Mr. Greenleaf figured in the
testimony as a man connected with
the -Washington office of the board
who seemed to be in a position of
authority.. This is another extract
from the record:
Did Mr. Greenleaf ever tell you why
your case was 'not passed upon?
uavis n said mat l was entitled to
training and he did not see why I did
not- get it.
How lon-g has Mr. Greenleaf been 'telling
you that yoij were entitled to training?
. Xavis Since last June.
Have you means .of your own to- live on
while taking training?
Davis No. sir.
The case of Dan Edwards, who
returned from France minus one
arm and one leg, with one of his
lungs affected by gas, the sight of
one eye impaired and with an arti
ficial drum in one ear, was even
more flagrant. Evans had been rec
ommended for a congressional medal
of honor, but he would willingly have
exchanged this prospect for a term
in a vocational school. He was dis
chargedfrom the army February 17,
1919, pxoved his disability, received
temporary aid from the Elks fund
and after several months was placed
in school. He thought that his trou-
ngton in 1791, when the president
pent a night at a hotel at Freder
ck, and it is said that on the day
of his burial, eight years later, she
took part as pall-bearer in an hon
oiary funeral procession. From
which it will be supposed that the
Hauers were Well regarded in the
community in which they lived and
that Barbara was qualified by social
position and personal talents to hold
her own.
The simple incidents of her life,
however, have br-come the nucleus
of a maze of contradictory state
ments. The name, "Freitchie," also-
written "Fritchie," was not acquired
by Barbara until 1805, when as a
maiden of 39 she became the wife
of John Caspar Freitchie. a man of
American birth, though the son of
a German, and probabfy a tory dur
ing the revolutionary war.- Mr.
Freitchie was a 'buckskin "dresser
and glove-maker, and carried on his
trade until the time of his death in
1849 in the house subsequently made
historical by the poet'c legend. Bar
bara, then 83 years old, remained in
her home, cared for by her kinsfolk.
She was within three months of her
OGth birthday, when, on Septem
ber 6, .1862, the advance guard
of General Lee's army, under Stone
wall Jackson, entered Frederick.
On the" .following day the main
army -of the confederates ' occupied
the city. One historian says: "The
presence of the troops was obnox
ious to Mrs. Freitchie, as to many
other residents. Before hostilities
began she had been heard ,to say:
It will never happen that one short
life like mine shall see the begin
ning and end of a government like
this!' and all during the stay of the
confederates she expressed her union
sentiments freely."
Unfortunate for the romance, how
ever, when on the morning of Sep
tember 10 a part of the army under
Jackson left Frederick on vits way
to Harper's Ferry, passing Mrs.
Freitchie's door as it did, Jackson,
as has since been ascertained, turned
off from the column at the ea end
of the city to call at a friend's house,
rejoining his men at so great a dis
tance from the Freitchie home that
the aged woman could not have 6een
him if she had appeared at her win
dow. On the name street that morn
ing a union flag, or a union badge,
it has not been established which,
was displayed by a Mrs. Mary Quan-
trell, and there Is a tradition that
a confederate soldier attempted to
take it from her, contrary to orders
that no one should be molested. On
one of these two incidents Whittier
framed his poetic tale, which In
eluded the lines:
Up the street came the rebel tread,
Stonewall Jackson riding ahead.
Under his slouched hat left and right
He glanced; the old Ut met his sight.
"Halt!" the dust-browned ranks stood,
last.
"Fire!" out blaied the rifle blast.
It shivered the window, pane and sash;
It rent the banner with seam vnd gash.
A Pacific fruit line is suggested
as a possibly profitable venture fo
thipplng men by Andrew Farrell in
the- Pacific Marine Review. . He
makes one's mouth water by telling
of the pineapple, the banana, the
breadfruit, the alligator pear, the
avocado, the mango and other trop
ical fruits which grow in the Ha
waiian and Fiji islands, and which
might be imported fresh by a line of
fast steamers, also carrying tourists.
The immense business which the
United Fruit company has estab
lished 6y cultivating the taste of
Atlantic coast people for tropical
fruit might be duplicated on the
Pacific coast as population growa
It would make a market for many
of our products as return cargoes
and would develop tourist traffic to
the Pacific islands.
A l
H.tVE ME. THEN.
KOIlGOTf
191S.
SO SOO N
Man is a creature of habit. He
keeps his knife in the same pocket
with his keys; he scratches his match
in the same place and so on with a
hundred unconsidered acts. Every
thing has a fixed placewith him.. He
knows how many steps go upstairs
and how many go into the rrasement,
for subconsciously he counts them;
therefore, when during and after
spring housecleaning he gets home
late and bumps into one piece of fur
niture after another, can you blame
him for violent language and
thoughts of murder?
It is not at all surprising that
"white collar men" are In the ma
jority among applicants for marriage
licenses in New York. A man who
wouldn't spruce- up on his wedding
day doesn't deserve to have a wife.
Quick as It fell from the broken staff
Dam Barbara seizeu tne siiKen scarf;
She leaned far out on the window sill
And shook it tortn wit.n a royal will.
"8'noot. if you must, this o!d rray head.
But spare your country s nag-," she said.
And then, as every schoolboy
knows, the climax, which in the
poem runs:
"Who touches a hair of yon gray
Dies like a dog! March on!" he
head
said.
Whittier evidently received a ver
sion . of the story in which the
Freitchie and Quantrell Incidents
were Interwoven. A week after the
confederate retirement, a large part
of the main army of McClellan
passed through Frederick and dur
ing the march Mrs. Freitchie ap
peared on her porch and waved a
union flag at the men in blue. Later,
it is also said, a union officer called
to compliment her on her patriotism
Confirmation of a verdict In a
damage suit In Chicago, just seven
teen years after the death of the
plaintiff, is a demonstration of the
law's delays that it will take a lot of
argument to explain away.
A 3t. Louis woman has just in
herited $110,000, but says that she
will continue to do her own work
She is under no Illusions, evidently.
as to lii e power ui mero wcuuu to
obtain domestic service nowadays.
If the report that Russian workers
have voted to abolish holidays and
work overtime is verified, we admit
that we shall be Inclined to look
little more leniently on the soviet
system.
Judging from the multiplicity of
labor troubles just now, there is room
left for education along the line that
nothing but increased production can
solve the problem of the H. C. L.
There is hope for the bank teller
who attributea his downfall the
other day to "high living." He was
at least honest enough not to blame
It all on the profiteers.
The "better restaurants" in Denver
have stricken potatoes from the
menu, thus disabusing our minds of
the notion that mere expenslveness
Is a sign or aristocracy.
What the general public seems to
want is a strike against -strikes, and
the time seems to be about ripe for
one.
There is life left in Belgium yet
when she is able to send troops to
represent her in keeping peace at
Frankfurt.
A poet's wife has just received a
divorce in New York a state, how
ever, in which non-support is not a
legal ground.
The mailed fist In Germany is to
give way to the iron broom. Well,
here's hoping that the iron broom
sweeps clean.
Voluntary army training ought to
be a go if somebody will invent a
way of converting it into a sport with
an attractive name.
The Alabama fashion of wearing
overalls might have a- chance of
spreading if there were overalls
enough to go around.
Cherry trees beginning to bloom
and the roads are developing chuck
holes two infallible signs of spring.
Georges Carpentier is said to have
fifty silk shirts one, perhaps, for
each George.
"Tliraliana. the aiary oi Mrs.
Thrale, a personal friend of Dr. .Sam
uel Johnson, sometimes known as the
"oman Boswell," was sold in Lon
don recently for J3000 to. an linglish
collector named McNeil. There are
six volumes containing 16 pases.
The origin of the diary is given in
the first entry:
"It is many years since Dr. John
son advised me to get a little book
and write therein all the little anec
dotes coming to my knowledge."
Mrs. Thrale took Dr. Johnson's ad
vice and bought not one little book
but six large ones, and filled them all.
The volumes have been carefully pre
served, being the property of Mrs.
Coleman, great-granddaughter of Mrs.
Thrale's second husband.
e
The atmosphere of the smoking car
lent itself to reminiscence, says the
Home Sector.
"Captain," asked the hardware
alesman, "would you mind telling me
how you lost your arm?"
Not at all, not at all." replied the
bronzed officer with the empty sleeve-
'It happened this way: We were due
for another turn in the trenches the
next day, so they were giving a dance
for us that night back in the rest
camp. A few welfare workers were
there, and among them was the cutest
little girl I ever met. I managed to
dance with her most of the evening,
and toward the end we wandred out
in the moonlight 'Captain,'
6he said after a while, 'please remove
your arm."
And you know, she was such a lit
tle queen I just couldn't refuse her."
The Rev. Dr. Blank enjoys a well-
deserved reputation in a southwest
ern city for a certain agility of spirit
which sometimes crystallise into epi
gram. At a ministerial meeting in
his city the conversation turned on a
recent religious work which had ex
cled considerable comment over th
country. Doctor Blank ventured to
criticise it mildly, whereupon a de
vout colleague hotly took up the" cud
gels in its defense.
I tell you." he cried, "that book
bears the marks of having been dic
tated by the Holy Spirit himself.'
That may be," said the doctor
quietly, "but I have often read well-
meant human Interpretations of tne
divine message which might correct
ly carry the notation I sometimes see
on business letters, 'dictated but not
read.' " Harper's Magazine.
While the.lSth amendment was be
ing ratified, state by state, no one,
next to the brewers, snowed sucn
signs of panic as hotelkeepers, re
marks the New York Post. One would
have thought that their mala busi
ness was serving drinks and that pro
viding meals and beds was merely In
cidental or only a means of stimu
lating thirst., One pictured the hotel-
keepers calculating the weeks be
tween them and bankruptcy. If one
were of a philosophical turn, there
was a chance to meditate upon the
vagaries Of fate, which took an ar
row aimed at the saloon and diverted
It against the time-honored lnstitu
tlon of the inn. Suddenly we hear
from the hotelkeeper. But he is moan
Ing no longer. Between chuckles he
manages to impart the information
that his waiters are rushed to death
and that he Is at hfs wit's end to
know where to put people. Every
body has taken to food. The man
who a year ago was drinking to ex
cess now eats like a fish. There are,
we gather, almost none who voice the
old boast that they can eat it or let
U alone.
"
"Girls Outstrip Men," says the head
of Vassar college. But John D. Wells,
in the Buffalo Evening News, denies
it. Why, says John, making due al
lowance for insomnia, putting out the
cat, locking the side door and all the
other things that 'occur to one after
he has the covers drawn over his
neck, a man can still cross the bor
derland of sleep before a woman gets
her hair off.
How full the streets! With look in
tent On his own ends each one is bent:
Save when the flag goes waving by.
When ever- hat is lifted high;
Or, If a group In khaki pasees.
Much room is made by all the masses.
1019.
The war is done! Yet still we feel
At victory's altar we should kneel
Ami offer thanks for heroes rare.
Htdvo deeds on land, or sea or air;
Nor be ashamed of dewy eye
When the deur flag goes floating by.
too. ,
Another year! Time speeds alons:
And life's again one grand, cweet
song;
t'arcless crowds with careless hearts
Throne; avenues, and fashion's marts.
The fiag goes by! A careless gtance
From some, while others look askance.
I.'KavoL
And hue we then so soon forgot
The thing for which our herot-s fought?
To keep that banner free from Ftain.
Where'er it floats o'er land or main?
"TIs not a mere Insensate thing
Of stars ..and bars, of twisted string.
It stands' for freedom, hope and right.
For honor, truth and civic might. .
Salute your flag! man, woman,chlld
Keep high idea'ls undefiled!
America! America!
f-God has been good to thee;
Reuuite him then with patriot men
From sea across to sea.
.MARIAN D. MKilUr.
A MDKWALK l-'Ol'NTAlN.
See that pretty public fountain
Spouting water from the mountain.
How each jet with joy seems dancing .
Like a warhorse gaily prancing.
Proudly bounding from the plain.
Flinging up and down his mane.
What a charm of art refining
Shows in lines of chaste designing
h from sturdy stem upbendinp.
Curve the graceful branches ending.
hach in brilliant basin where
Falls the blessing all may share.
Passing thousands thronging daily.
Frowning crone, lass laughing gaily,
Anxious man or boy uncaring.
Find trfeir feet to fount are faring;
Stop to quaff its crystal flow.
Sprightly onwaO then they go. -
Grateful to its gracious donor
Proud is Portland, now its owner;
For its limpid streams unceasing
Health and strength shall give in
creasing; Prove to some lorn eoul perchatice
Wholesome aid to temperance.
JOHN L. VESTAL.
A SOXti OF FIRELIGHT.
Dancing firelight fairies in the fire-
beam's golden glow;
Music in each fllck'ring, gleaming,
swaying to and fro;
Merrily with cheery crack each red
clad sprite appears.
Leaping gayly, redly, dancing madly
she careers.
Rippling, dimpling shadow - bearers,
crimson, golden, blue:
Joyful racing, prancing madness, clad
In brightest hue:
Laughing, leaping, fluttering lightly,
scintillating light
In the wide-mouthed roaring furnace,
red against the night.
Each red sprite pursues her playmate
through the redd'ning glare.
Flickers, dances, flutters, wavers,
falters, swaying there.
With a final merry flourish of her
crimson gown.
The fire-sprite falls back quite life
less, into ahes brown.
LOIS SMITH.
"The fact that I am a good musi
cian." said a country lady, "was the
means of saving my life during the
flood in our town a few years ago."
"How was that?" asked the young
lady who sang.
"Well, when the water struck our
home my husband got on the folding
bed and floated down the street till
rescued."
"And what did you. do?"
"Why. I accompanied him .on the
piano." Minneapolis Tribune.
THE AXOHALT OF" TUB BLCE-COAT
For fear of burglars every night,
I He in bed and shake with fright;
To hear a Blue-coat's friendly tread.
Would soothe away that mortal dread
How strange that just the other way.
The p'liceman frightens me by day;
When in my motor car I cross
Each crowded street, I meet that boss.
He frowns if I turnsWeft or right.
Then looks as tho he'd like to bite:
And when at me he wags his head.
The shock oft kills my motor dead!
But, If that traffic cop would save
His awe-inspiring, manner grave.
For vandals on a midnight beat.
How snug and sound I then could
sleep. L. B. H.
Ls my
POETRY.
That land where she walks
land!
. -Where she sleeps there is beautiful
n'ight!
Only music , ls sweet where she
lingers!
Only suns where she sings can be
bright!
Even Eden itself were a desert.
If she from Its bowers should rove:
What is there when she has been
taken
To dreaming, to longing, or love?
GUY FITCH PHELPS.
A CITY SPARROW.
Bird of the city street,
Little alley urchin.
Singing your "sweet sweet "
To the hurrying throngs; .
You have no care, wee urchin,
For the flowery woodslde.
But shower your golden songs
Into the crowded street
Bringing to the city ways
The joys of April tide!
VERNE BRIGHT.