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THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN, TORTLAXD, 3IARC1T 21, 1920
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Science Is Able Now
to Explain Why Some
Twins Cannot Be
Told Apart, and Why
Some Do Not Bear
Even the Slightest Re
semblance to Each
Other.
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Theae tTTtn slstera "ne SO yeora eld n hrm this photo- Hrr are the Johaaoa twtna. ahowa la the ether ale-
irrapk of then was takea at Bethel. Me. They were
much alike, evea to a foadaeaa for white cata.
rare it rbildrro, a thejr rrarliea the diaaltr
haadnvate ;oud( miaaea. At tkla aa etra thrir
handMrltlDK ia alike. They are !) togrthrr
aad are ery food of each othrr.
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22222
v ' ? Tnin aUtera, Lettie aad I.inda Jobaaon, aa babtea aad yoiinaratera aot yet In the "teen ace- Ther were
very mnch alike In every way, even at the yoanser asea, their pareata and frlenda noted.
Ineae two pretty aiatera Tepreoent the type known na Hdrntloal twins.'
vea their beat friends cannot tell them apart whea they meet.
BY JOHN SHELDON1.
ACCORDING to Hoyle, two of a
kind are worth more than two
that are dissimilar, f rom ine
human interest point of view, the
same rule 6eems to apply to babies.
Note, for instance, the announce
ment of the arrival of a new-born
baby. Father, puffed up with justi
fiable pride, trades cigars for con
gratulations. Mother and the other
children are happy over the arrival
of just one more little baby in the
home.
But, observe the difference if it's
twins! Father proclaims the news
from the housetops. Mother feels
that she has been doubly blessed. No
one baby, no (our brothers or sisters
born at different times, could create
as much combined excitement, envy
and neighborly interest as the arrival
tif twins in the family.
Twins, as the average layman's lim
ited knowledge of the subject enables
him to uderstand, are always a sur
prise. Nobody orders them; nobody
expects them, and when they arrive
they are doubly welcomed in spite of
the unpreparedness. And twins, as
twins, always remain more. or less of
& mystery.
With the intention of gathering as
much new data as possible about
twins, the American Genetic associa
tion issued an invitation about 15
months ago to grown-up twins and
the parents or guardians of young
twins all over the world to com
municate with the association. Re
sponses were received from no less
than 600 twins and parents of twins,
many of the letters being accom
panied by exceedingly interesting
photographs of twin babies, twin
young men and twin young women,
twin old men and twin old ladies. And
the Journal of Heredity, the official
orgau of the association, has now is
sued a pecial number devoted en
tirely to twins. In this issue Pro
fessor C. H. Danforth of the depart
ment of anatomy, Washington uni
versity school of medicine; Harris
Hawthorns Wilder, professor of 20
clozy, Smith college; Professor Fred
erick Adams Woods, lecturer on bi
ology, Smith college; Professor Fred
Technology, and other distinguished
writers on subjects dealing with eu
genics and heredity, tell o'f many new
and curious discoveries about the why
and the wherefore of twins.
Twins, It appears, are of two or
more kinds. There are, for instance,
identical twins described by Professor
David Fairchild, the well-known gov
ernment botanist and president of the
American Genetic association, as the
only human beings in the world who
have exactly the same heredity.
"If we can find ogt," Professor Fair
child declares, "the characteristic
ways in which identical twins remain
the same throughout life, the quali
ties and habits and mannerisms which
persist unchanged in them both, in
tpite of their living in entirely differ
ent surroundings, we shall know more
than we do at present about what at
tributes are heredity and fixed and
what are those which we can hope to
modify by environment and edu
cation." Uiffereacea Between Twina.
Identical twins are always of the
same sex and always resemble each
other to an extraordinary degree
throughout the whole of their lives.
Fraternal twins, on the contrary, do
not resemble one another and may
not even be of the same sex.
To explain the difference between
the two kinds of twins Professor Fair
child uses, by way of illustration,
two apple seeds taken from one apple.
The seeds may be planted and per
mitted to grow into large trees, each
presumably capable of bearing, in its
turn, large, luscious apples of the
eame variety as the parent tree. When
the two trees have reached the fruit
bearing age we are surprised to And
Ifcat one tree yields an annual crop
of splendid eating apples. The other
tree bears apples which are too sour,
or bitter, to eat. Even the two trees
themselves may be distinctly differ
ent; one may grow tall and graceful,
the other being stunted and spreading.
The explanation offered Is that they
may have had different heredities at
the very start. The two seeds, al
though they came from the same
apple, were dissimilar in character
istics; so unlike, in fact, that one de
veloped into a beautiful tree yielding
sweet and rosy apples while the other
tree was gnarled and stunted and
yielded sour apples which even the
boys of the neighborhood didn't con
sider worth stealing.
"Supposing, however," Professor
Fairchild continues, "we were to di
vide a single seed from an apple and
that these two exact halves could be
planted and that they grew; would
we not then Kg able to produce two
apple trees which looked alike and
which, when they bore, had almost
exactly similar fruits on them?"
Two such trees, growing alike,
looking alike and bearing apples
which were similar in coloring, size
shape and taste, could be called iden
tical trees, just as similar twins are
called identical twins. And the two
unlike apple trees, grown from two
seeds taken from one apple, could be
called fraternal trees, just as 6ome
twin children are known merely as
fraternal twins.
It may be argued that so-called
identical trees, each starting from
only half a seed, cannot grow. That
is quite true. They cannot. They were
introduced here merely for purposes
of illustration. With so-called iden
tical twins Dame Fortune deals more
kindly, although their prospects may
have seemed no better than those of
identical trees. The twins do grow.
Again it may be argued that iden
tical twins will lack in mental and
physical vigor. The best answer to
that Is found in the eminent Gros
venor twin brothers, Gilbert and Ed
win. They are identical twins and
similar in almost every respect. Dur
ing their whole lives they never have
varied more than one pound in weight.
In college their grades never varied
more than one-tenth of 1 per cent.
Their tailor says that one of the twins
has a snort left arm and the other a
short right arm. Nothing but a most
exact measurement would reveal this
though.
Although absolutely dependent upon
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Tracings from sale prints of the twin eieters, "May" and "Mabel.'
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These two sister are "fraternal twl
twins. They have very
j America. Briefly, the records of the
Grosvenor brothers, admittedly iden
tical twins, are sufficient to Khattrr
any theory that identical twins are
lacking In mental or physical vigor.
Professor C. H. Danforth, who ex
amined much of the data received
concerning the history and ante
cedents of twins, found ample evi
dence that the same resemblances and
differences obtain with reference to
mental traits as are found for char
acteristics that are generally thought
of as more purely physical or physi
ological. Over and over the two
twins of a pair enumerate virtually
the same list of preferences and aver
sions. This was proved by the an
swers received to a questionnaire sent
to twins wherever It was possible to
reach them by mail.
One pair of twin girls heartily dis
like mathematics while another pair
Traclnga from palm prints of two "identical twina." "May and "Mabel," ahovr how hand printa differ even In twins.
glasses each can wear the other's.
Their illnesses have oftea coincided.
They always have been devoted
friends and frequently their letters
cross. Most of their tastes are simi
lar, but they never agreed when it
came to girls.
As students at Amherst college they
divided the highest honors In the
classroom and on the tennis field. To
day one is a director in the National
Geographic society. The other is a
special assistant to the United States
attorney-general and partner in one
of the most important law firms in
ARGENTINE CITY STILL GAY,
BUT WITHOUT "HIGH JINKS"
Indulgence in Liquor Almost Universal and Observers Think Prohibi
tion Would Have No Chance.
v I U-t-.MJS AiKfciS, March 20. JJuenos
l- Aires, which once had the repu-
' tation of being a "wide-open"
city and "gayer than Paris," ig "not
what it used to be," in the opinion of
many travelers who were here be
fore the war and have returned re
cently.
The gayety is still here, they say.
but It is more decorous, and mean
time the lid has been clamped upon
many resorts in which the worst sort
of license was wont to flourish open
ly. Public gambling places have been
also banned, dissolute women have
been driven off the streets and, be
ginning this year, the police have
begun the suppression of houses of
ill fame. The claim is made that
Buenos Aires is today cleaner morally
than ever before in its history, due to
the "reform" regulation of a recent
city administration and continued by
the present one.
Heavy Tax Placed on Cabarets.
The city council also a few days
go passed an ordinance Imposing a
tax of 20,000 pesos annually on cab
arets, which is expected to put some
of the lower-class" places out of busi
ness. La Epoca, the government or
gan, in approving the measure, refers
to the Buenos Aires cabarets as "es
tablishments -of corruption" and de
mands that minors be prohibited from
entering them. What are termed
"cabarets" in Buenos Aires are merely
dancehalls with an orchestra and,
with one or two exceptions, are poor
ly furnished. Drinks are served, but
there are none of the entertainment
features which make the cabaret suc
cessful in the United States. Here
and in the restaurants, both of which
are open all night, is where most of
Buenos Aires "gayety" centers.
Theaters and moving-picture houses
do not close until 12 or 12:30 o'clock.
As late as 2 o'clock numerous res
taurants and cafes are still filled with
men, and some women, with orches
tras or electric pianos going full blast.
Streets In the "gay life" district are
still brilliantly lighted, taxicabs flit
about and the sidewalks have
strollers. What is called "reveling" In
the restaurants is, however, not in
evidence. The patrons sit and listen to
the music, eat or sip their wine or
other drinks, but, as an American ob
server put it, there are no high jinks."
Liqnor Indulgence ITnlversal.
It is considered that a prohibition
movement in Argentina would find a
very strong sentiment to overcome.
Recent dispatches from the United
States telling of the Intention of
North American prohibitionists to In
vade South America did not appear
to cause much concern here, where
indulgence In some sort of alcoholic
liquor is almost universal. The news
papers Ignored the dispatches edito
rially. One entire province, Mendoaa,
Is devoted to the wine industry, and
just as in Latin-American countries of
Europe, the drinking of wine seems
to be regarded almost aa natural as
the drinking of water.
There are probably as many bars in
Buenos Aires in proportion to popula
tion as there were in New York in
pre-prohibition days. In these bars
thirsty Americans just arrived from
the United States find familiar drinks.
The "Manhattan," "Bronx" and "Clo
ver Club" cocktails are as well known
by the same names as in New York.
The "Martini," however, is here called
"San Martin," which is the name
of one of the patriots of Argentine
hist" j
Sailors Welcome Peals of
- Big New York Bell.
Tower CliH'k, Marvel of Mechanism,
Sounds Ship Time.
ns," quite different frvm "Identical
opposite characteristics.
record It as their favorite study. One
twin mentions that not only do s lie
and lur sinter commonly dream about
the puiiie pcr.ioiiH but they dream the
same things about them. Sim state'
that this happens even when they are
in different places.
Many twins state that their fond
ness for each other far exceeds their
liking for other brothers and sisters.
Both men and women twins write
that they are always dlsKatlof ied
when separated from their co-twin.
It is noticeable. Prof. Danforth enys,
that twins who express this senti
ment are not only of the eamo ecu.
but otherwise similar.
On the other hand. It Is quite pos
sible, as Prof. Harris W. Wilder
points out, that either fraternal twlrs
or children of different births but
with the same parents, may show
many similar qualities.
POLISH PRINCESS ARRIVES
IN AMERICA WITH HUB AND
Great Pianist Paderewski May Play in Public Again if Health Recovers
From Strain Caused b;' Strenuous Politics.
AS seafarers) enter New York har
bor and sail past the famous Bat
tery, they are welcomed every half
hour by a big bell in the tower of the
fist dock on the New York side of
North river. It is a welcome sound,
especially to sailors and seafaring
men, because it strikes ship time.
That is. It strikes one at 12:30 A. M
and one more every half-hour until
"eight bells," or 8 o'clock, in tlie
morning. Then it begins over again
and strikes up to eight bells at 4
o'clock In the afternoon, sjid so on
throughout the day.
This new pier clock is said to be
only one of its kind in the United
States. It has four glass dials in the
tower, each six feet in diameter, and
is Illuminated automatically by elec
tric light at night. Just behind the
dials is a thousand-pound bronze bell,
which was recently presented as a
memorial to the sailors and soldiers
who gave their lives in the great war
"that freedom might live."
The clock Is different from most of
its kind, in that it has only one ham
mer as a striker, Instead of two. wheie
the works are so carefully construct
ed that automatic strikes not only
control the length of the blows, buH
prevent mem irora Koing Deyona ine
number required. The works are a
marvel of construction
BY CONSTANCE DUEXKL.
ONE of the latest arrivals In the
diplomatic circles In Washing
ton is Princess Canimir I.ubo-
mlrska, wife of the new Polish na
tion's minister to the United Slates.
There are four young children In the
family.
Like all women of the Polish no
bility. Princess Lubomirska (in Po
land the final I of the husband's name
is changed to an a for the women
members of the family) Is an accom
plished linguist. She speaks English.
French, German and Polish with equal
fluency, also has a knowledge of Rus
sian and Italian.
She Is delighted with the oppor
tunity of being ill America, and hailed
her husband's appointment to this
country with great Joy. During a
talk with her, she told me that two
of their estates in Galicla had been
destroyed by the ravages of war dur
ing the Russian campaign.
Cracow Home Mot Damaged.
"But our home in Cracow, where we
lived most of the time," she said, "did
not suffer, and we have even been
able to bring over some of the
precious things we had there."
Because of difficulties in transpor
tation, It was impossible to bring over
much furniture, but Included in the
boxes were some handsome pictures
and old Flemish tapestries which will
soon grace the new Polish legation.
Princess Lubomirska had to receive
with the click of typewriters as an
accompaniment to conversation. The
offices of the legation are in the
same house, and the officials and
their secretaries are very busy with
their affairs. The office of the min
ister is next to the drawing room,
and the prince Is sure to come in if
the visitor happens to be au Ameri
can who has visited Poland.
"My husband made a flying visit
here 20 years ago," she said, "but
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course, I have heard so much about
America, especially from the Pad-j
erewskis, whom we have visited In I
their villa on the lake of -Geneva." I
The princess - paid a great tribute)
to Hie cx-pretiiler and how much he
had been able to do for It i s country.
She suiit that his retirement was by
no means a downfall, but obligatory,
beau.se of his 111 heallh, when strong,
fresh men were needed. Aked If the
great pianist would ever play again,
the princess replied that such a step
was not too improbable.
"Ha will do anything to help Ms
country." she said.
But the princess shies at the dis
cussion of anything political. "H. -ing
a diplomat's wife I must not, and
anyhow I don't know much about
polities because I am so busy with
my children, and, besides, my own
tastes run to things social.
EDITOR MEETS NOVELIST
i:. I,. Gotlkiu Tolls of lukinff Din
ner With Henry James.
E. L. Goilkin. the founder of tli.i
New -York Nation, was 0410 of the
closest friends of tho late Henry
James, and he described him in one
of his letter as "a delightful creature,
too good for either England or Amer
ica." Their acquaintance, it appears,
began in the 60s, when the James
family was living In Cambridge, Masx.
The future novelist was then a youth
of 19 or 30, just beginning to try his
literary wings.
There could lujt be a more enter
taining treat, Mr. Godkln recalled
afterward, than a dinner at the Janien
house when all the young people were
at home. They were full of stories
of the oddest kind, and dincuxKed
questions of morals or taste or litera
ture with a vociferous vigor so great
as sometimes to lead the young men
to leave their seats and gesticulate
on the floor.
Woo leu .Mills Enlarge.
SHERUROUKK. R. v. The Cana
dian Connecticut Cotton Mills com
pany have let axontraet for an addi
tion to their plant and exnect by the
fall tot be employing from tOO to tvu
more men.
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